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Rozaini MNH, Khoo KS, Abdah MAAM, Ethiraj B, Alam MM, Anwar AF, Yunus NM, Liew CS, Lim JW, Ho CD, Tong WY. Potential application of 2D nano-layered MXene in analysing and remediating endocrine disruptor compounds and heavy metals in water. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:111. [PMID: 38466501 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement of technologies and growth of the economy, it is inevitable that more complex processes are deployed, producing more heterogeneous wastewater that comes from biomedical, biochemical and various biotechnological industries. While the conventional way of wastewater treatment could effectively reduce the chemical oxygen demand, pH and turbidity of wastewater, trace pollutants, specifically the endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) that exist in µg L-1 or ng L-1 have further hardened the detection and removal of these biochemical pollutants. Even in small amounts, EDC could interfere human's hormone, causing severe implications on human body. Hence, this review elucidates the recent insights regarding the effectiveness of an advanced 2D material based on titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx), also known as MXene, in detecting and removing EDCs. MXene's highly tunable feature also allows its surface chemistry to be adjusted by adding chemicals with different functional groups to adsorb different kinds of EDCs for biochemical pollution mitigation. At the same time, the incorporation of MXene into sample matrices also further eases the analysis of trace pollutants down to ng L-1 levels, thereby making way for a more cleaner and comprehensive wastewater treatment. In that sense, this review also highlights the progress in synthesizing MXene from the conventional method to the more modern approaches, together with their respective key parameters. To further understand and attest to the efficacy of MXene, the limitations and current gaps of this potential agent are also accentuated, targeting to seek resolutions for a more sustainable application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nur' Hafiz Rozaini
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Baranitharan Ethiraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliya Fathima Anwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Normawati M Yunus
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Chin Seng Liew
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
| | - Chii-Dong Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251301, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Yenn Tong
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Institute of Medical Science Technology, A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Cao J, Wang M, Zheng L, Zhu Y, Wang J, Xiao M, She Y, Abd El-Aty AM. Recent progress in organic-inorganic hybrid materials as absorbents in sample pretreatment for pesticide detection. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10880-10898. [PMID: 35648034 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2081833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sample pretreatment is essential for trace analysis of pesticides in complex food and environment matrices. Recently, organic-inorganic hybrid materials have gained increasing attention in pesticide extraction and preconcentration. This review highlighted the common organic-inorganic hybrid materials used as absorbents in sample pretreatment for pesticide detection. Furthermore, the preparation and characterization of organic-inorganic hybrid materials were summarized. To obtain a deep understanding of adsorption toward target analytes, the adsorption mechanism and absorption evaluation were discussed. Finally, the applications of organic-inorganic hybrid materials in sample pretreatment techniques and perspectives in the future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Lufei Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Yongan Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Campanale C, Massarelli C, Losacco D, Bisaccia D, Triozzi M, Uricchio VF. The monitoring of pesticides in water matrices and the analytical criticalities: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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4
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Teixeira NA, Miyazaki DMS, Grassi MT, Zawadzki SF, Abate G. Application of a new adhesive elastomeric coating and hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced sorbent for modified stir-bar sorptive extraction. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5815-5822. [PMID: 33236730 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new polyurethane adhesive was evaluated to fix a hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced sorbent and to produce modified stir-bars. It presented high mechanical and chemical resistance, indicating that it is an adequate adhesive. The homemade bars were employed to determine bisphenol A, diclofenac, ibuprofen and triclosan in aqueous medium. Satisfactory figures of merit were observed, with LOD between 0.06 and 0.30 ng mL-1 and enrichment factors between 133 and 195 times, using an extraction time of 2 h. The stir-bars were employed to determine the four analytes in water samples, presenting recovery results from 53 to 135% and RSD between 0.7 and 20%. In general, the results observed here indicated that the adhesive is an appropriate alternative material to fix HLB particles, and could probably be applied to other sorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha A Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19061, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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He M, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zang L, Chen B, Hu B. Stir bar sorptive extraction and its application. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461810. [PMID: 33360434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) in the past six years is reviewed. The preparation methods including electrodeposition, self-assembly, solvent exchange, physical magnetic adsorption and electrostatic spinning, for the coated stir bar are summarized and compared, specifically for a specific material for coatings fabrication, e.g., carbon-based materials and metal organic frameworks. The emerging materials (e.g., graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, monolith, metal-organic frameworks and porous organic polymers) applied for coated stir bar fabrication are one of the focus of this review, along with their respective advantages in extraction process and application in trace analysis. The development and application of extraction apparatus of SBSE are also involved. Based on these information, the development status and prospects of SBSE as an efficient sample pretreatment technique in real sample analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiulin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lijuan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Hasan CK, Ghiasvand A, Lewis TW, Nesterenko PN, Paull B. Recent advances in stir-bar sorptive extraction: Coatings, technical improvements, and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1139:222-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Development of a solventless stir bar sorptive extraction/thermal desorption large volume injection capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for ultra-trace determination of pyrethroids pesticides in river and tap water samples. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) has been developed in 1999 to efficiently extract and preconcentrate volatile compounds, and many applications have been found after that. This technique conforms to the principles of green chemistry. Here, we used an autosampler with an online thermal desorption unit connected to CGC-MS to analyze pesticides. This study describes the development of a highly sensitive extraction method based on SBSE for simultaneous determination of ultra-trace amounts of four pesticides λ-cyhalothrin, α-cypermethrin, tefluthrin, and dimefluthrin in environmental water samples. This method was compared to the standard liquid–liquid extraction. In this study, a totally solventless SBSE was applied to river and tap water samples for the extraction and preconcentration of four pesticides. PDMS-coated SBSEs of 10 mm × 1 mm thickness were used for this purpose, and SBSEs were directly placed into a large-volume injector of a CGC-MS for thermal desorption of the analytes. In all extractions, deltamethrin was used as an internal standard. This method showed linearity in the range of 1.0–200.0 ng L−1 for cyhalothrin, tefluthrin, and dimefluthrin and 10.0–800 ng L−1 for cypermethrin. Preconcentration factors of 179, 7, 162, and 166 were obtained with very low limits of detection of 0.32, 3.41, 0.36m and 0.69 ng L−1 for cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, tefluthrinm and dimefluthrin, respectively. These detection limits are thousands of times lower than that of the standard method of liquid–liquid extraction. Reproducibility of the method, based on the relative standard deviation, was better than 7.5% and recoveries for spiked tap and river water samples was within the range of 87.83–114.45%. The application of PDMS-coated SBSE coupled with CGC-MS equipped with a large volume injector thermal desorption unit can be used for ultra-trace analysis of environmental water samples. Solventless SBSE offers several advantages over conventional traditional liquid–liquid extraction such as being very fast and economical and provides better extraction without requiring any solvents; so it can be considered as a green method for the analysis of pesticides.
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Jafari Z, Hadjmohammadi MR. A banana peel/silicon glue coated stir bar for extraction of aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen and mefenamic acid followed by high performance liquid chromatography-UV detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4429-4437. [PMID: 32853301 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, a green, cost-effective, and bio-degradable additive was used for the preparation of a highly efficient sorbent based on silicon glue. Here, a banana peel was pretreated and mixed with silicon glue. It was proved that the prepared banana peel-silicon glue bar is a reliable sorbent for stir bar sorptive extraction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen and mefenamic acid in human urine and plasma. Compared to the lab-made sorbents, the prepared sorbent showed high extraction performance, high stability, and satisfactory reproducibility and involved easy preparation. In order to optimize the effective factors, different parameters such as (stirring rate, pH, extraction time, desorption time and elution solvent volume) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) through applying Central-Composite Design (CCD). Under the optimum conditions, the linear dynamic ranges of the target analytes were investigated in the range of 0.2-200 μg L-1 with r2 higher than 0.9929. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of analytes were in the ranges of 0.04-0.5 and 0.15-1.65, respectively. The reproducibility of the method was also investigated by calculating the relative standard deviation. The RSD was measured to be lower than 4.9%. Bar-to-bar reproducibility at a 100 μg L-1 concentration level was also evaluated to be lower than 5.3% (n = 3). Also, each prepared film can be used up to 64 times without any reduction in extraction performance. Finally, the method was successfully applied for the determination of selected drugs in different biological fluids including urine and plasma samples. The calculated relative recovery in real sample analysis was higher than 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jafari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, NirooHavayiiboulevard, 47416-95447 Babolsar, Iran.
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Solvent holder-assisted liquid-phase microextraction using nano-structure biomass-derived carbonaceous aerogel combined with ion mobility spectrometry for simultaneous determination of ethion and chlorpyrifos. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:232. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Nasiri M, Ahmadzadeh H, Amiri A. Sample preparation and extraction methods for pesticides in aquatic environments: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Vieira CM, Mafra G, Brognoli R, Richter P, Rosero-Moreano M, Carasek E. A high throughput approach to rotating-disk sorptive extraction (RDSE) using laminar cork for the simultaneous determination of multiclass organic micro-pollutants in aqueous sample by GC-MS. Talanta 2020; 208:120459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Rana S, Kaur R, Jain R, Prabhakar N. Ionic liquid assisted growth of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/reduced graphene oxide based electrode: An improved electro-catalytic performance for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides in beverages. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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13
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Ji X, Sun M, Li C, Han S, Guo W, Feng J. Carbonized silk fibers for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3535-3543. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Jinan Jinan P. R. China
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Jinan Jinan P. R. China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Jinan Jinan P. R. China
| | - Sen Han
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Jinan Jinan P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Jinan Jinan P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Jinan Jinan P. R. China
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Vyviurska O, Špánik I. Novel sample preparation approaches in gas chromatographic analysis: Promising ideas. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:174-188. [PMID: 31423726 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of sample preparation procedures is still a dynamic process despite a number of already proposed techniques. The main challenge in this research field is to fully replace classical procedures like liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction in gas chromatographic analysis. Some progress has been already achieved for the last 20 years when miniaturized techniques were incorporated in ISO standards. The current review is focused on novel approaches in sample treatment that appeared since 2010. It includes research studies describing non-conventional instrumental design available to inspire future progress in the field. A combination of a few extraction principles and supporting with additional treatment are the main core suggested for improvement of sample preparation efficiency. This requires good compatibility of extraction media, assessment of multiple experimental parameters, and potential automatization possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vyviurska
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Špánik
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Histamine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (HIS-MNP) as a sorbent for thin film microextraction of endocrine disrupting compounds in aqueous samples and determination by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Madej K, Jonda A, Borcuch A, Piekoszewski W, Chmielarz L, Gil B. A novel stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction in combination with magnetically modified graphene for isolation of seven pesticides from water samples. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Wang X, Wang J, Du T, Kou H, Du X, Lu X. Application of ZIF-8–graphene oxide sponge to a solid phase extraction method for the analysis of sex hormones in milk and milk products by high-performance liquid chromatography. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05940c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) incorporating a graphene oxide sponge (GOS) nanocomposite (ZIF-8–GOS) was synthesized successfully by a simple one-pot preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou 730070
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
| | - Haixia Kou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
| | - Xinzhen Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou 730070
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou 730070
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