1
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Wu R, Sin EYY, Zhang K, Xu S, Ruan Y, Mak YL, Yung YK, Sun SWC, Yang R, Lam PKS. Medicating the coast in a metropolitan city: Enantiomeric profiles and joint probabilistic risk assessment of antidepressants and antihistamines. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108434. [PMID: 38237506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are receiving increasing attention as emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment. Herein, we investigated the occurrence of 11 antidepressants, 6 antihistamines and 4 metabolites in treated wastewater effluents, rivers, stormwater, and seawater in Hong Kong, with special focus on chirality. The average levels of ∑pharmaceuticals ranged from 0.525 to 1070 ng/L in all samples and the total annual mass load of target pharmaceuticals in the marine environment of Hong Kong was 756 kg/y. Antihistamines accounted for >80 % of ∑pharmaceuticals, with diphenhydramine and fexofenadine being predominant. The occurrence and enantiomeric profiles of brompheniramine and promethazine sulfoxide were reported in global natural waters for the first time. Among chiral pharmaceuticals, mirtazapine and fexofenadine exhibited R-preference, while others mostly exhibited S-preference, implying that the ecological risks derived from achiral data for chiral pharmaceuticals may be biased. The joint probabilistic risk assessment of fluoxetine revealed that R-fluoxetine and rac-fluoxetine presented different ecological risks from that of S-fluoxetine; Such assessment also revealed that target pharmaceuticals posed only minimal to low risks, except that diphenhydramine posed an intermediate risk. As estimated, 10 % aquatic species will be affected when the environmental level of diphenhydramine exceeds 7.40 ng/L, which was seen in 46.9 % samples. Collectively, this study highlights further investigations on the enantioselectivity of chiral pharmaceuticals, particularly on environmental behavior and ecotoxicity using local aquatic species as target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Esther Yan-Yin Sin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environment in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yim Ling Mak
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying-Kit Yung
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sunny Wai-Choi Sun
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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2
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Podio NS, Sun C, Dudley S, Gan J. Enantioselective uptake and translocation of atenolol in higher plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166720. [PMID: 37657535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in surface water and wastewater has been an increasing area of research since they can represent a possible route for human exposure when these waters are used to irrigate crops. The concentration of these drugs in crops depends on their uptake and translocation within plants. A less recognized question is that over 50 % of pharmaceuticals are chiral compounds, but there is little knowledge about their enantioselectivity in plants. In this study, we evaluated the uptake, bioconcentration, and translocation of enantiomers of atenolol, a commonly used beta-blocker, in Arabidopsis thaliana cells and Lactuca sativa plants under hydroponic conditions. Atenolol was taken up by Arabidopsis thaliana cells during 120 h of exposure to solutions with 1 mg/L of R/S-(±)-atenolol. A moderate preference for R-(+)-atenolol over S-(-)-atenolol was observed, with the enantiomeric fraction (EF) reaching 0.532 ± 0.002 for the R enantiomer. Atenolol was also taken up and translocated by Lactuca sativa after hydroponic cultivation in nutrient solutions containing 1 or 10 μg/L R/S-(±)-atenolol. Moderate enantioselectivity was detected in the treatment with 10 μg/L, and the EF after 168 h was 0.42 ± 0.01, suggesting that S-(-)-atenolol was preferentially accumulated. Selectivity was also observed in the translocation factor (TF), calculated as the ratio of the concentration in the leaves over that in the roots. As many emerging contaminants are chiral, our findings highlight the importance to consider their fate and risks in terrestrial ecosystems at the enantiomer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Podio
- ICYTAC, CONICET and ISIDSA, Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Department of Environmental Science, University of California Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
| | - Chengliang Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Stacia Dudley
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California Riverside, CA 92521, United States
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3
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Arenas M, Santos JL, Martín J, Aparicio I, Alonso E. Enantioselective LC-MS/MS determination of antidepressants, β-blockers and metabolites in agricultural soil, compost and digested sewage sludge. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1261:341224. [PMID: 37147052 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an analytical method was optimised and validated for the simultaneous extraction and enantioselective determination of chiral β-blockers, antidepressants and two of their metabolites in agricultural soils, compost and digested sludge. Sample treatment was based on ultrasound-assisted extraction and extract clean-up by dispersive solid-phase extraction. Analytical determination was carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a chiral column. Enantiomeric resolutions were in the range from 0.71 to 1.36. Accuracy was in the range from 85 to 127% and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was lower than 17% for all the compounds. Method quantification limits were below 1.21-52.9 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) in soil, 0.76-35.8 ng g-1 dw in compost and 13.6-90.3 ng g-1 dw in digested sludge. Application to real samples revealed enantiomeric enrichment in the range especially in compost and digested sludge (enantiomeric fractions up to 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain
| | - Julia Martín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain.
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain
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4
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Zhang H, Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhao S, Nie Y, Liao X, Cao H, Yin H, Liu X. Determination of Energetic Compounds in Ammunition Contaminated Soil by Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and Gas Chromatography – Microelectron Capture Detection (GC-µECD). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2059495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Sanping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Instruments' Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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5
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Li M, Di X, Jiang Z. Enantioselective separation, analysis and stereoselective dissipation of the chiral pesticide cloquintocet-mexyl using a modified QuEChERS method by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133084. [PMID: 34848224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and novel enantioseparation method was successfully developed and validated to quantify the enantiomers of cloquintocet-mexyl in soil, millet, enoki mushroom, oilseed rape, and watermelon using a modified QuEChERS technique combined with HPLC-MS/MS. This method showed reliable performances for determining both enantiomers of cloquintocet-mexyl in all five matrices. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.06-0.15 μg kg-1 and 0.2-0.5 μg kg-1, respectively. Good linearities were obtained with correlation coefficients ≥0.9954. The mean recoveries were between 84.1% and 111.5%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 1.2% to 9.8% at three spiked levels. Additionally, the study of stereoselective dissipation of cloquintocet-mexyl in soil indicated that (R)-cloquintocet-mexyl was preferentially degraded. This work is the first to describe a chiral analytical method and enantioselective behavior of cloquintocet-mexyl and provide basic data for the risk evaluation of cloquintocet-mexyl in food and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Nguyen AQ, Nguyen LN, McDonald JA, Nghiem LD, Leusch FDL, Neale PA, Khan SJ. Chiral inversion of 2-arylpropionoic acid (2-APA) enantiomers during simulated biological wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117871. [PMID: 34872028 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the removal and enantio‑specific fate of a suite of eleven chiral 2-arylpropionic acids (2-APAs) during biological wastewater treatment simulated in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). Using pure (R)- and (S)- enantiomers in the MBR influent, chiral inversion was determined through the increase in the concentration of the non-dominant enantiomer and changes in the enantiomeric fraction (EF) between the two enantiomers during the treatment process. Effective (>90%) and similar removal rates between (R)- and (S)- enantiomers were confirmed for eight 2-APAs. In this study, 2-APAs exhibited diverse and distinctive chiral inversion behaviours: two 2-APAs showed (R→S) unidirectional inversion, three 2-APAs showed (S→R) unidirectional inversion, and six 2-APAs showed bidirectional inversion. This is the first study to report chiral inversion behaviours of a comprehensive suite of 2-APAs with a variety of functional groups substituted onto the aryl ring. A decrease in effluent EF over time was observed for two 2-APAs. This study shows that chiral inversion of 2-APAs varies significantly from compound to compound, despite the high similarity in their chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Q Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Luong N Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - James A McDonald
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Stuart J Khan
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
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7
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Recent advances in chiral analysis for biosamples in clinical research and forensic toxicology. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:493-511. [PMID: 33719527 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article covers current methods and applications in chiral analysis from 2010 to 2020 for biosamples in clinical research and forensic toxicology. Sample preparation for aqueous and solid biological samples prior to instrumental analysis were discussed in the article. GC, HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and sub/supercritical fluid chromatography provide the efficient tools for chiral drug analysis coupled to fluorescence, UV and MS detectors. The application of chiral analysis is discussed in the article, which involves differentiation between clinical use and drug abuse, pharmacokinetic studies, pharmacology/toxicology evaluations and chiral inversion. Typical chiral analytes, including amphetamines and their analogs, anesthetics, psychotropic drugs, β-blockers and some other chiral compounds, are also reviewed.
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8
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Simultaneous enantiomeric analysis of five proton-pump inhibitors in soil and sediment using a modified QuEChERS method and chiral high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Bertin S, Yates K, Petrie B. Enantiospecific behaviour of chiral drugs in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114364. [PMID: 32443211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The importance of stereochemistry on the behaviour and effects of chiral pharmaceutical and illicit drugs in amended agricultural soils has been over looked to date. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the enantiospecific behaviour of a chemically diverse range of chiral drugs including naproxen, ibuprofen, salbutamol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, propranolol, acebutolol, atenolol, chlorpheniramine, amphetamine, fluoxetine and citalopram in soil microcosms. Considerable changes of the enantiomeric composition of ibuprofen, naproxen, atenolol, acebutolol and amphetamine were observed within 56 d. This is significant as enantiomer enrichment can favour the pharmacologically active (e.g., S(-)-atenolol) or less/non-active forms of the drug (e.g., R(-)-amphetamine). Single enantiomer microcosms showed enantiospecific degradation was responsible for enantiomer enrichment of atenolol and amphetamine. However, naproxen and ibuprofen enantiomers were subject to chiral inversion whereby one enantiomer converts to its antipode. Interestingly, chiral inversion was bidirectional and this is the first time it is reported in soil. Therefore, introduction of the less active enantiomer to soil through irrigation with reclaimed wastewater or biosolids as fertiliser can result in the formation of its active enantiomer, or vice versa. This phenomenon needs considered in risk assessment frameworks to avoid underestimating the risk posed by chiral drugs in amended soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bertin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Kyari Yates
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Bruce Petrie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
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10
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McKenzie K, Moffat CF, Petrie B. Multi-residue enantioselective determination of emerging drug contaminants in seawater by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2881-2892. [PMID: 32930212 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a new multi-residue enantioselective method for the determination of emerging drug contaminants in sea water by solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To achieve satisfactory enantiomeric separation with a vancomycin stationary phase it was essential to limit sodium chloride in extracted samples to <1 μg per injection. This was achieved through a straightforward SPE method using a 50 mL water wash volume and analyte elution in acetonitrile. A Chiral-V enantioselective column (150 × 2.1 mm; 2.7 μm particle size) operated in polar ionic mode enabled simultaneous drug separations in 30 minutes. Analytes with enantioresolution ≥1 were the stimulants amphetamine and methamphetamine, the beta-agonist salbutamol, the beta-blockers propranolol, sotalol and acebutolol, the anti-depressants fluoxetine, venlafaxine, desmethylvenlafaxine and citalopram, and the antihistamine chlorpheniramine. Method quantitation limits were <10 ng L-1 and method trueness was 80-110% for most analytes. The method was applied to samples from the Forth and Clyde estuaries, Scotland. Chiral drugs were present at concentrations in the range 4-159 ng L-1 and several were in non-racemic form (enantiomeric fraction ≠ 0.50) demonstrating enantiomer enrichment. This emphasises the need for further enantiospecific drug exposure and effect studies in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie McKenzie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Colin F Moffat
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
- Office of the Chief Scientific Advisor Marine, Scottish Government, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Bruce Petrie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
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11
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Ribeiro ARL, Maia AS, Ribeiro C, Tiritan ME. Analysis of chiral drugs in environmental matrices: Current knowledge and trends in environmental, biodegradation and forensic fields. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Analytical methodologies for the determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage sludge: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1083:19-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Ma R, Qu H, Wang B, Wang F, Yu Y, Yu G. Simultaneous enantiomeric analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in environment by chiral LC-MS/MS: A pilot study in Beijing, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:83-91. [PMID: 30822671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and quick method for direct simultaneous chiral analysis of frequently used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (ibuprofen, naproxen and flurbiprofen) in river water by HPLC-MS/MS was established and validated. Chromatographic parameters including the mobile phase composition, pH values, temperature and flow rates were optimized to obtain both satisfactory sensitivity and enantiomeric resolution (Rs≥ 1.0), which suggested the composition and pH values of mobile phase played crucial influence on enantioseparations. The method demonstrated its superiority compared with previous studies regarding to the low MQLs (1.1-37.1 ng/L) and short runtime (< 20 min), enabling quantitative enantiomeric determination of trace level of emerging contaminants in water. The environmental monitoring of receiving water (34 sites along rivers) in Beijing revealed ibuprofen was the most abundant, with mean concentration of 114.9 ng/L and detection frequency of 91%, naproxen was also detectable at all sites from < MQL-43.2 ng/L, both presenting an excess of the S-(+)-enantiomer. Therefore to better understand the ecological risk posed from the trace organic contaminants on the aquatic organisms, chiral pollutants need analyzed at the enantiomeric levels. This is the first to profile the enantiospecific occurrence of NSAIDs in surface water in Beijing, China. It could provide useful information on environmental behaviors of chiral pollutants and facilitate more accurate environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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14
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Wu D, Kong Y. Dynamic Interaction between Host and Guest for Enantioselective Recognition: Application of β-Cyclodextrin-Based Charged Catenane As Electrochemical Probe. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5961-5967. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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15
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Ramage S, Camacho-Muñoz D, Petrie B. Enantioselective LC-MS/MS for anthropogenic markers of septic tank discharge. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:191-201. [PMID: 30537591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Households in rural locations utilize septic tanks for wastewater treatment and can cause surface water contamination. A new methodology was developed to help investigate the role septic tanks play in the dissemination of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, personal care products and stimulants in the aqueous environment. Simultaneous analysis of 16 chiral and achiral anthropogenic markers was achieved using a Chirobiotic V2® enantioselective column in polar ionic mode. The optimized method achieved quantitation limits for 16 compounds in the range 0.001-2.9 μg L-1 and 0.0002-0.43 μg L-1 for septic tank effluent and stream water, respectively. Application of the method to samples collected in North East Scotland found caffeine to be ubiquitous in all samples studied suggesting it as a good indicator of septic tank discharge. In rural streams studied, concentrations of all prescription drugs investigated were ≤0.02 μg L-1. However, analgesics and stimulants were at high concentration in one location indicating direct discharge of septic tank wastewater (i.e., not dissipated through a soak away). For example, paracetamol, cotinine and caffeine were measured at 1100 μg L-1, 31 μg L-1 and 200 μg L-1, respectively, which is comparable to septic tank effluents. Furthermore, S(+)-amphetamine and R(-)-amphetamine were present in this stream sample at 0.20 and 0.27 μg L-1. This corresponds to an enantiomeric fraction of 0.43, which is typical of untreated wastewaters in the UK. Findings illustrate further study on the diffuse impact of septic tanks to surface water is needed and can be supported using this new multi-residue enantioselective method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Ramage
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bruce Petrie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
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