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Reshetova EN, Barashkova AS, Garifullin BF. Retention mechanisms of dipeptides on superficially porous particle vancomycin- and teicoplanin-based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465135. [PMID: 38991601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Chromatographic behavior of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) Chiral-T and Chiral-V with teicoplanin and vancomycin antibiotics grafted onto superficially porous silica particles was studied in relation to dipeptide (DP) stereoisomers. The unbuffered water-methanol solutions were used as mobile phases (MPs). The effects of physical properties and molecular structure of analytes and selectors on retention and separation of DP stereoisomers are discussed herein. Chiral-T was evinced to exhibit high enantioselectivity, with highest α values attaining 16.5, 18.8 and 20.4 for Gly-Leu, dd/ll-Phe-Leu and ld/dl-Ala-Ala. At this point, Chiral-V did not exhibit enantioselectivity towards DP stereoisomers. The effect of MP composition on retention and enantioseparation of DPs was investigated. Lipophilicity of DPs was found to be an essential factor in the dependence of their retention vs. methanol concentration in МPs. Lipophobic DPs were eluted more quickly by water-rich solvents, with lipophilic DPs exhibiting an asymmetric U-shaped, or a descending dependence of retention factor vs. the methanol percentage on Chiral-T or Chiral-V, respectively. A theoretical model taking into account interaction of both solvents of a binary MP with both an analyte and adsorption sites was successfully applied so as to approximate and interpret the dependences of DP retention (monotonic and U-shaped) vs. a modifier content in MP. Water molecules were evinced to predominantly participate in competitive adsorption with DP molecules. The model predicted better solvation of lipophilic DPs by methanol and better solvation of lipophobic DPs by water. An attempt was made to verify the possibility of modeling by molecular docking the processes occurring during interaction between DP stereoisomers and CSPs, including consideration of the influence of competitive binding of eluent molecules in selector cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Reshetova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Academician Korolev St., Perm 614013, Russia.
| | - Anna S Barashkova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Academician Korolev St., Perm 614013, Russia; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Ave., Perm 614990, Russia
| | - Bulat F Garifullin
- The A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Academician Arbuzov St., Kazan 420088, Russia
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2
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Urbańska M. Optimization of Liquid Crystalline Mixtures Enantioseparation on Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases by Reversed-Phase Chiral Liquid Chromatography. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6477. [PMID: 38928182 PMCID: PMC11203475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enantioseparation of nineteen liquid crystalline racemic mixtures obtained based on (R,S)-2-octanol was studied in reversed-phase mode on an amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) (ReproSil Chiral-MIG) and a cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) (ReproSil Chiral-MIC). These polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase (CSP) columns for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were highly effective in recognizing isomers of minor structural differences. The mobile phase (MP), which consists of acetonitrile (ACN)/water (H2O) at different volume ratios, was used. The mobile phases were pumped at a flow rate of 0.3, 0.5, or 1 mL·min-1 with a column temperature of 25 °C, using a UV detector at 254 nm. The order of the elution was also determined. The chromatographic parameters, such as resolution (Rs), selectivity (α), and the number of theoretical plates, i.e., column efficiency (N), were determined. The polysaccharide-based CSP columns have unique advantages in separation technology, and this study has shown the potential usefulness of the CSP columns in separating liquid crystalline racemic mixtures belonging to the same homologous series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, ul. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Reshetova E, Asnin L. Retention mechanisms of rasagiline and its analogues on superficially porous particle vancomycin- and teicoplanin-based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1704:464120. [PMID: 37315444 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Retention and separation of enantiomers of amine derivatives of indane and tetralin (rasagiline and its analogues) on chiral stationary phases (CSPs) Chiral-T and Chiral-V with teicoplanin and vancomycin antibiotics grafted onto superficially porous silica particles under conditions of reversed-phase and polar organic chromatography were studied. The mobile phases (MP) were water-methanol and acetonitrile-methanol solvents modified with triethylamine-acetic acid buffer. The effects of molecular structure and physical properties of the analytes on enantioselective retention are discussed. The retention mechanism is hypothesized to involve the ion-ion attraction between the positively charged amino group of an analyte and the carboxylate anion of either antibiotic. The binding occurs outside of the antibiotic's aglycon basket that accounts for relatively low enantioselectivity observed. The presence of a large substitute at the analyte's amino group complicates enantiorecognition. The effect of the MP solvent composition on retention and enantioseparation was investigated. It is a complex phenomenon combined of different oppositely directed influences that resulted in different shapes, increasing, decreasing, or U-shaped, of the retention factor vs. composition dependences. A model taking into account the interaction of both solvents of a binary MP with both an analyte and an adsorption site was successfully applied to approximate a majority of the studied systems. Pros and cons of the model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Reshetova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Academician Korolev Str., Perm 614013, Russia.
| | - Leonid Asnin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Al, Perm 614990, Russia
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Tsui HW, Hsieh CH, Zhan CF. Effect of mobile-phase modifiers on the enantioselective retention behavior of methyl mandelate with an amylose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate chiral stationary phase under reversed-phase conditions. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200651. [PMID: 36401614 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and tert-butanol were used as organic modifiers in reversed-phase mode chiral liquid-chromatography to systematically investigate the effects of mobile phase components on the enantioselective retention behavior of methyl mandelate with immobilized amylose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate-based sorbent called Chiralpak IA. A two-site enantioselective model was used to obtain information on the recognition mechanisms by observing the dependence of the enantioselectivity and retention factor difference on the modifier content. Similar enantioselective retention behaviors were observed for all modifiers, and characteristic modifier concentration points (PL , PM , and PH ) were identified. At modifier concentrations up to PM , the weakened hydrophobic environment resulted in polymer structural relaxation, which changed the recognition mechanisms. By contrast, at concentrations beyond PH , considerably different enantioselectivity behaviors were observed, indicating that the existence of dipole-dipole interaction, which was stronger at higher modifier concentrations, contributed to the retention mechanisms. The concentrations at which these characteristic points occurred were dependent on the carbon number of the modifier molecule. Modifiers with more carbon numbers facilitated the transition in the enantioselective behaviors. These results demonstrated that the proposed method can provide a physically consistent quantitative description of enantioselective retention behavior in reversed-phase mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Tsui
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Fu Zhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Peng H, Yang X, Fang H, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhao T, Liu J, Li Y. Simultaneous effect of different chromatographic conditions on the chromatographic retention of pentapeptide derivatives (HGRFG and NPNPT). Front Chem 2023; 11:1171824. [PMID: 37143822 PMCID: PMC10151710 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1171824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oligopeptides exhibit great prospects for clinical application and its separation is of great importance in new drug development. Methods: To accurately predict the retention of pentapeptides with analogous structures in chromatography, the retention times of 57 pentapeptide derivatives in seven buffers at three temperatures and four mobile phase compositions were measured via reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The parameters ( k H A , k A , and p K a ) of the acid-base equilibrium were obtained by fitting the data corresponding to a sigmoidal function. We then studied the dependence of these parameters on the temperature (T), organic modifier composition (φ, methanol volume fraction), and polarity ( P m N parameter). Finally, we proposed two six-parameter models with (1) pH and T and (2) pH and φ or P m N as the independent variables. These models were validated for their prediction capacities by linearly fitting the predicted retention factor k-value and the experimental k-value. Results: The results showed that log k H A and log k A exhibited linear relationships with 1 / T , φ or P m N for all pentapeptides, especially for the acid pentapeptides. In the model of pH and T, the correlation coefficient (R2) of the acid pentapeptides was 0.8603, suggesting a certain prediction capability of chromatographic retention. Moreover, in the model of pH and φ or P m N , the R2 values of the acid and neutral pentapeptides were greater than 0.93, and the average root mean squared error was approximately 0.3, indicating that the k-values could be effectively predicted. Discussion: In summary, the two six-parameter models were appropriate to characterize the chromatographic retention of amphoteric compounds, especially the acid or neutral pentapeptides, and could predict the chromatographic retention of pentapeptide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Peng
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’ an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangrong Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Kangya of Ningxia Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yinchuan, China
| | - Huanle Fang
- Medical College, Peihua University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongqi Zhang
- Department of Polypeptide Engineering, Active Protein and Polypeptide Engineering Center of Xi’an Hui Kang, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinli Zhao
- Department of Polypeptide Engineering, Active Protein and Polypeptide Engineering Center of Xi’an Hui Kang, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Te Zhao
- College of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianli Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Medical College, Peihua University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Jianli Liu,
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’ an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Jianli Liu,
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6
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Asnin L, Herciková J, Lindner W, Klimova Y, Ziganshina D, Reshetova E, Kohout M. Chiral separation of dipeptides on Cinchona-based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases under buffer-free reversed-phase conditions. Chirality 2022; 34:1065-1077. [PMID: 35596543 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral zwitterion ion exchangers represent efficient chiral stationary phases for stereoselective resolution of various analytes including chiral acids, bases, and zwitterions. In this contribution, we have focused on utilization of chiral zwitterionic sorbents, denoted as ZWIX (+A) and ZWIX (-A). These are analogical chiral systems to commercially available columns, Chiralpak ZWIX (+) and Chiralpak ZWIX (-), which are usually operated with buffered mobile phases. In this contribution, we have studied the enantiorecognition power of the ZWIX (+A) and ZWIX (-A) columns on a series of dipeptides operated under buffer-free reversed-phase conditions. Retention characteristics of zwitterionic dipeptides are discussed using an electrostatically driven adsorption model, which provides a good fit with both monotonous and U-shaped curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Asnin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
| | - Jana Herciková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yana Klimova
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
| | - Daria Ziganshina
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
| | - Elena Reshetova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Retention modeling and adsorption mechanisms in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462736. [PMID: 34923304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To interpret the dependence of solute retention behavior on modifier content in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, a theoretical framework, based on the concentration dependence of solvophobic forces imposed on solutes and the competitive adsorptions of solutes and solvent modifiers, was proposed. The generality of the developed model was demonstrated by comparing the model with conventional retention models. The linear dependence of the Gibbs energy change of solute adsorption with respect to the modifier concentration was assumed, and the model was fitted to the experimental results, with good agreement demonstrated between the experimental data and the model. Retention behaviors were inferred to be determined by two key dimensionless groups that represented the reductions in the retention factors resulting from a weakened solvophobic interaction and modifier competitive adsorption. The retention behaviors were successfully deconvoluted for each contribution as a function of the modifier concentration by using the fitted parameters. The effects of both contributions on the retention behaviors were enhanced for the solutes with aromatic groups. The standard Gibbs energy change SLo of benzene adsorption was found to depend linearly on the number of modifier molecules present but independent of modifier identity. For the solutes associated with hydrogen-bonding groups, the degree of reduction in the solvophobic interactions was considerably reduced. Hence, the relative contributions of both mechanisms to solute retention depend greatly on the solute structure. Perturbation method was performed to investigate the modifier adsorption mechanisms. The results show that the standard Gibbs energy change SLo for the first-layer adsorption of modifiers changed linearly with the carbon number of modifier molecule. These results demonstrated that the proposed model can offer a physically consistent quantitative description of retention when solvent composition is varied.
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8
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Li J, Sun Y, Liu L, Zhao H, Zhao W, He L, Zhang S. Fabrication and evaluation of tetraazahexaphenylmacrocycle-bonded stationary phase with multiple retention mechanisms. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462296. [PMID: 34144400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 34-membered tetraazahexaphenylmacrocycle (N4Ph6) with a rigid π-conjugated moiety was chemically bonded to silica gel with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as the coupling agent to prepare a novel SiO2@N4Ph6 stationary phase. Several common organic analytes, including alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, anilines, phenols, phthalates, and folic acid, were selected as probes to investigate its chromatographic performance. The as-developed SiO2@N4Ph6 stationary phase showed superiority retention and high selectivity for probe molecules through multiple interactions, including hydrophobic, π-π, hydrogen-bonding, and steric interactions. Density functional theory calculation results using folic acid as model solute provided an intuitive and a quantitative description of the multiple retention mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Accurate Separation and Analysis for Complex Matrix of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Longhui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Accurate Separation and Analysis for Complex Matrix of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lijun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Accurate Separation and Analysis for Complex Matrix of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Center for Modern Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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9
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Tsui HW, Zhang HL, Hsieh CH. Effect of 2-propanol content on solute retention mechanisms determined using amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase under normal- and reversed-phase conditions. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1650:462226. [PMID: 34087518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electrostatic interactions between chiral solutes and polysaccharide (PS)-based chiral selectors are the key to achieving chiral recognition; however, PS-based sorbents, derivatized of phenyl moieties, can exhibit considerably non-polar characteristics, and they are also useful for the separation of enantiomers in the reversed-phase mode. In this study, an immobilized amylose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate-based sorbent was used to investigate the balance between electrostatic interactions and solvophobic interactions, with complementary effects on solute retention behavior when the isopropanol (IPA) concentration was altered. It was proposed that in both normal- and reversed-phase modes, information on the retention mechanisms could be obtained by observing the curvature of the logarithm of the retention factor versus the logarithm of the IPA concentration, and the slope values of the curves were related to the number of displaced IPA molecules upon solute adsorption. Using the proposed model and the two-site adsorption model, the retention behaviors of pantolactone (PL) enantiomers in both normal- and reversed-phase modes were investigated. The PL-sorbent interactions were classified into four types: electrostatic/enantioselective, electrostatic/nonselective, solvophobic/enantioselective, and solvophobic/nonselective. At IPA concentrations below 50 vol.% in n-hexane, the retention behaviors of PL were dominated by electrostatic/enantioselective sites, whereas at IPA concentrations beyond 50 vol.%, the solvophobic interactions of PL-sorbent were strengthened and mostly nonselective. By contrast, in the reversed-phase mode, a reverse in the enantiomeric elution order of PL was observed at 10 vol.% IPA, and considerably different enantioselectivity behaviors were found below and above 20 vol.%, indicating an abrupt change in the sorbent molecular environment. At IPA concentrations beyond 40 vol.%, the presence of PL-sorbent electrostatic interactions enhanced chiral recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Tsui
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608 Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Lin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608 Taiwan
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10
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den Uijl MJ, Schoenmakers PJ, Pirok BWJ, van Bommel MR. Recent applications of retention modelling in liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:88-114. [PMID: 33058527 PMCID: PMC7821232 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent applications of retention modelling in liquid chromatography (2015–2020) are comprehensively reviewed. The fundamentals of the field, which date back much longer, are summarized. Retention modeling is used in retention‐mechanism studies, for determining physical parameters, such as lipophilicity, and for various more‐practical purposes, including method development and optimization, method transfer, and stationary‐phase characterization and comparison. The review focusses on the effects of mobile‐phase composition on retention, but other variables and novel models to describe their effects are also considered. The five most‐common models are addressed in detail, i.e. the log‐linear (linear‐solvent‐strength) model, the quadratic model, the log–log (adsorption) model, the mixed‐mode model, and the Neue–Kuss model. Isocratic and gradient‐elution methods are considered for determining model parameters and the evaluation and validation of fitted models is discussed. Strategies in which retention models are applied for developing and optimizing one‐ and two‐dimensional liquid chromatographic separations are discussed. The review culminates in some overall conclusions and several concrete recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi J den Uijl
- Analytical Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- Analytical Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bob W J Pirok
- Analytical Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R van Bommel
- Analytical Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Humanities, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Tsui HW, Kuo CH. Retention and Partition Behaviors of Solutes in a Surfactant-Based Mobile Phase at Concentrations Approaching the Critical Micelle Concentration in Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Baeza-Baeza J, García-Alvarez-Coque M. Extension of the linear solvent strength retention model including a parameter that describes the elution strength changes in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1615:460757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Li R, Sun W, Xiao X, Chen B, Wei Y. Retention of stevioside polar compounds on a sulfonic acid-functionalized stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:460978. [PMID: 32106966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To explore the retention and separation of stevioside polar compounds on a sulfonic acid-functionalized cation exchange column, the effects of different organic solvent-water mobile phases on the retention behavior of polar rebaudioside A (RA) and its analogues on the column were investigated over a wide range of organic solvent contents. The obtained U-shape curves hinted that the retention of the compounds on the same column transitioned from a reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) mode to a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) mode when the water-rich state in the mobile phases changed to an organic solvent-rich state. Under the RPLC mode, no separation of RA from its analogues was observed. The HILIC mode was beneficial to the retention and separation of RA and its analogues. Compared with polar protic solvents, aprotic solvents were more conducive to the retention and separation of the polar compounds based on the HILIC mode in organic solvent-rich mobile phases. Three models were used to evaluate and discuss the HILIC retention and separation of the compounds on the column. In the aprotic solvent-rich mobile phase, the HILIC retention of RA and its analogues was effectively described by a mixed-mode model; in the polar proton solvent-rich mobile phase, the retention of analytes was best described by an linear solvation strength (LSS) model. The content and composition of the organic solvent in the mobile phase were determined to be important influencing factors that regulated the retention time for the RA and its analogues, and even the separation mechanism for HILIC. The present work provides a theoretical basis for guiding one to prepare high-purity RA from its analogues by predicting the retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Weijie Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Xia Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China.
| | - Yan Wei
- H&E Co., Ltd, Longguan Zhiye Building, No. 118 Huilongguan West Street, Beijing 102208, PR China
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