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Zhu B, Hu D, Zhao J, Li S. Rapid identification and quantification of Pseudostellaria heterophylla with its adulterants by HPLC-CAD fingerprint combined with improved quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 247:116205. [PMID: 38843613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The P. heterophylla and its adulterants were identified by HPLC-CAD fingerprint of sucrose and oligosaccharides in P. heterophylla. The improved quantitative analysis of multi-components with a single marker (iQAMS) was further established for simultaneous determinations of sucrose and oligosaccharides in P. heterophylla. The HPLC-CAD fingerprint and similarity coefficients between P. heterophylla and its adulterants showed significant differences. The relative errors (REs) between iQAMS method and external standard method (ESM) were below 3.00%, but significant difference was shown between iQAMS (different marker for whole program with gradient elution) and QAMS (one marker for whole program with gradient elution), indicating that QAMS method should be improved, especially for gradient elution which influence the response of analytes. The accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and stability of this method were validated which exhibited satisfactory results, indicating that iQAMS method could be used for quantitative analysis of sucrose and oligosaccharides in P. heterophylla instead of ESM. The iQAMS combined with HPLC-CAD fingerprint could be used to determine the content of each oligosaccharide, and it can be used for quality control of P. heterophylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Zhu
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau & National Glycoengineering Research Center, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Dejun Hu
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau & National Glycoengineering Research Center, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau & National Glycoengineering Research Center, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; Macao Centre for Testing of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Shaoping Li
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau & National Glycoengineering Research Center, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; Macao Centre for Testing of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
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Liu Y, Song J, Liu S, Nan Y, Zheng W, Pang X, Chen X, Liang H, Zhang J, Ma B. A universal method for profiling and characterization of oligosaccharides in traditional Chinese medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 244:116129. [PMID: 38579408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides constitute fundamental components in numerous traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Conventional chromatographic methods for natural product analysis are not suitable for oligosaccharides due to their large polarity and structural similarity. Herein, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detector (UHPLC-CAD) method was developed for the profiling of oligosaccharides using 9 neutral (DP3-DP11) reference oligosaccharides. Various factors, including columns, mobile phase, elution conditions, flow rate, and column temperature were systematically examined. Optimal separation was achieved using an Amide column with gradient elution within 18 min, at 0.5 mL/min flow rate and 30°C column temperature. Moreover, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was also optimized to provide structural information. The developed method was applied to detect oligosaccharides in several TCMs, including Morindae Officinalis Radix (MOR), Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (MHH) and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (CIF), revealing 9 and 16 oligosaccharides being uncovered from MHH and CIF respectively for the first time. This study presents a versatile UHPLC-CAD and UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS method with the potential for advancing oligosaccharides discovery and contributing to the quality analysis of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Juan Song
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Si Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Haizhen Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Baiping Ma
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Liu Z, Bao Y, Lan H, Pu Y. Synthesis of Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharide-gold nanocomposites and their antitumor effect through immunomodulation. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1663-1673. [PMID: 38491931 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from natural sources have an excellent immune function and low toxicity; however, their limitations such as short half-life and instability limit their sustained pharmacological activity. In this context, the combination of polysaccharides and nanotechnology have been developed to promote the stability and prolong the immune activities of polysaccharides. To synthesize and explore the antitumor effect and immunomodulatory activity of PHP-AuNPs. Polysaccharides extracted from Pseudostellaria heterophylla were used to synthesize gold nanocomposites (PHP-AuNPs), and their physicochemical properties and immunoregulatory effect in vitro and in vivo were analyzed. The PHP-AuNPs were green synthesized with high biosafety. PHP-AuNPs can activate macrophages in vitro and decrease the tumor weight and volume, whereas they increase the immune organ index in vivo. Besides, PHP-AuNPs showed a beneficial effect for maintaining the immune balance of CD4+/CD8+ T cells and modulating the release of cytokines such as TNF-α increase and IL-10 decrease in mice. All these results suggested that PHP-AuNPs exhibit a remarkable antitumor effect and stronger immunomodulatory activity than that of free PHP-1. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The P. heterophylla polysaccharide-gold nanocomposites (PHP-AuNPs) were synthesized and physicochemical properties were characterized. The cytotoxicity in vitro and immunomodulatory effects of PHP-AuNPs on macrophages were analyzed. The immune-antitumor effects in vivo of PHP-AuNPs have also been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixi Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Lan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youwei Pu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Xu XY, Jiang MT, Wang Y, Sun H, Jing Q, Li XH, Xu B, Zou YD, Yu HS, Li Z, Guo DA, Yang WZ. Multiple heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography/charged aerosol detector assay of ginsenosides for quality evaluation of ginseng from diverse Chinese patent medicines. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464344. [PMID: 37703763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
For quality control of Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) containing the same herbal medicine or different herbal medicines that have similar chemical composition, current ″one standard for one species″ research mode leads to poor universality of the analytical approaches unfavorable to discriminate easily confused species. Herein, we were aimed to elaborate a multiple heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography/charged aerosol detector (MHC-2DLC/CAD) approach to quantitatively assess ginseng from multiple CPMs. Targeting baseline resolution of 16 ginsenosides (noto-R1/Rg1/Re/Rf/Ra2/Rb1/Rc/Ro/Rb2/Rb3/Rd/Rh1/Rg2/Rg3/Rg3(R)/24(R)-p-F11), experiments were conducted to optimize key parameters and validate its performance. A Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column and an XBridge Shield RP18 column were separately utilized in the first-dimensional (1D) and the second-dimensional (2D) chromatography. Eight consecutive cuttings could achieve good separation of 16 ginsenosides within 85 min. The developed MHC-2DLC/CAD method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999), repeatability (RSD < 6.73%), stability (RSD < 5.63%), inter- and intra-day precision (RSD < 5.57%), recovery (93.76-111.14%), and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) varied between 0.45-2.37 ng and 0.96-4.71 ng, respectively. We applied it to the content determination of 16 ginsenosides simultaneously from 28 different ginseng-containing CPMs, which unveiled the ginsenoside content difference among the tested CPMs, and gave useful information to discriminate ginseng in the preparation samples, as well. The MHC-2DLC/CAD approach exhibited advantages of high specificity, good separation ability, and relative high analysis efficiency, which also justified the feasibility of our proposed ″Monomethod Characterization of Structure Analogs″ strategy in quality evaluation of diverse CPMs that contained different ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mei-Ting Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - He Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qi Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ya-Dan Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - He-Shui Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - De-An Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Bai R, Wang Y, Cao Y, Yu H, Li P, Chai G, Li X, Li W, Cui F, Hu F. Discrimination of three varieties of Codonopsis Radix based on fingerprint profiles of oligosaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography- evaporative light scattering detector combined with multivariate analysis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pu Y, Zhu J, Xu J, Zhang S, Bao Y. Antitumor effect of a polysaccharide from Pseudostellaria heterophylla through reversing tumor-associated macrophages phenotype. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:816-826. [PMID: 35988728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are predominant tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, participate in promoting the occurrence and metastasis of tumor cells. Reprogramming TAMs has become a promising immunotherapeutic approach for novel cancer treatments. In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (PHP-1) was obtained from Pseudostellaria heterophylla, and its antitumor and immunological activities, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms were explored. These findings suggested that PHP-1 can switch M2 macrophages to the M1 type, thereby promoting tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, PHP-1 can modulate the TAMs phenotype, maintain the CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte balance, and exert antitumor effects in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, PHP-1 is recognized by the TLR4 receptor, promotes Ca2+ release, and activates the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways to reset the M2-type macrophages. These findings indicate that PHP-1 from P. heterophylla can function as a tumor immunotherapeutic modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Pu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Junmo Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yixi Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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Wang SY, Liu H, Zhu JH, Zhou SS, Xu JD, Zhou J, Mao Q, Kong M, Li SL, Zhu H. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine capturing combined with mass defect filtering strategy to identify aliphatic aldehydes in biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Xie Q, Tian H, Huan X, Cao L, Wang Y, Cheng X, Ning C, Hu F, Wang C. Quality evaluation of Codonopsis Radix and processed products based on the analysis of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:262-271. [PMID: 34431563 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Codonopsis Radix (CR) is an edible food and traditional Chinese herb medicine that is widely used in China and Southeast Asia. Saccharides, including fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and polysaccharides, are among the most important active substances in CR. However, a quality evaluation of CR based on oligosaccharides has not been conducted. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to establish a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector method (HPLC-CAD) for the quality evaluation of CR and processed products based on analysis of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. METHOD A sensitive and rapid HPLC-CAD method for the simultaneous determination of two monosaccharides (D-fructose and D-glucose), sucrose, and FOS (GF2-GF6) was established to evaluate the quality of CR for the first time. In the present study, 65 batches of CR from three species of the genus Codonopsis were analysed using multivariate statistical techniques. Furthermore, the effects of cultivation management measures (plant growth retardants supply, harvesting time, and growth period) and primary process (drying methods) in the production areas on the target compounds were studied by analysing 34 batches of processed samples. RESULTS Different varieties of CR resulted in considerably different saccharide contents. Cultivation management measures and processing method remarkably affected the quality of CR. Low concentration of plant growth retardants was recommended. The best harvest time is in October after 4 years of growth. Dryer-drying was suggested to meet the requirement for large-scale processing. CONCLUSION This method would provide an efficient analytical tool for monosaccharides and oligosaccharides of CR and contribute to the improvement of CR quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Hemiao Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Huan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanlan Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
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Xia T, Liu CS, Hu YN, Luo ZY, Chen FL, Yuan LX, Tan XM. Coix seed polysaccharides alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus via gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids activation of IGF1/PI3K/AKT signaling. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110717. [PMID: 34865748 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a worldwide concern in recent years. Coix seed (CS) as a homologous substance of traditional Chinese medicine and food, its polysaccharides can improve the symptoms of patients with metabolic disorders. Since most plant polysaccharides are difficult to digest and absorb, we hypothesized that Coix seed polysaccharides (CSP) exert hypoglycemic effects through the gut. In this study, the underlying mechanisms regulating hypoglycemic effects of CSP on a T2DM mouse model were investigated. After treatment with CSP, serum insulin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased, while total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were decreased in T2DM mice. In addition, CSP treatment helped repair the intestinal barrier and modulated the gut microbial composition in T2DM mice, mainly facilitating the growth of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, Spearman's analysis revealed these bacteria were positively related with the hypoglycemic efficacy of CSP. Colonic transcriptome analysis indicated the hypoglycemic effect of CSP was associated with the activation of the IGF1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Correlative analysis revealed that this activation may result from the increase of SCFAs-producing bacteria by CSP. GC-MS detection verified that CSP treatment increased fecal SCFAs levels. Molecular docking revealed that SCFAs could bind with IGF1, PI3K, and AKT. Our findings demonstrated that CSP treatment modulates gut microbial composition, especially of the SCFAs-producing bacteria, activates the IGF1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, and exhibits hypoglycemic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chang-Shun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yan-Nan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ye Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Fei-Long Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Xu X, Wang S, Wang H, Hu W, Han L, Chen B, Li X, Wang H, Li H, Gao X, Guo D, Yang W. Simultaneous quantitative assays of 15 ginsenosides from 119 batches of ginseng samples representing 12 traditional Chinese medicines by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462504. [PMID: 34487881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extensive consumption of ginseng, precise quality control of different ginseng products is highly challenging due to the containing of ginsenosides in common for different Panax species or different parts (e.g. root, leaf, and flower) of a same species. Herein we performed a comparative investigation of diverse ginseng products by simultaneously assaying 15 saponins (notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, -Re, -Rf, -Ra2, -Rb1, -Rc, -Ro, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rd, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3, 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11, chikusetsusaponins IV, and -IVa) using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/charged aerosol detector (UHPLC-CAD) approach. Twelve Panax-derived ginseng products (involving P. ginseng root, P. quinquefolius root, P. notoginseng root, Red ginseng, P. ginseng leaf, P. quinquefolius leaf, P. notoginseng leaf, P. ginseng flower, P. quinquefolius flower, P. notoginseng flower, P. japonicus root, and P. japonicus var. major root) were considered. Benefiting from the condition optimization, the baseline resolution of 15 ginsenosides was achieved on a CORTECS UPLC Shield RP18 column. This method was validated as specific, precise (0.81-1.94% intra-day variation; 0.86-2.35% inter-day variation), and accurate (recovery: 90.73-107.5%), with good linearity (R2 > 0.999), high sensitivity (limit of detection: 0.02-0.21 μg; limit of quantitation: 0.04-0.42 μg) and sample stability (1.49-4.74%). Its application to 119 batches of ginseng samples unveiled vital information enabling the authentication of these different ginseng products. Detection of ginsenosides by CAD exhibited superiority over UV in sensitivity and the ability to monitor chromophore-free structures. Large-scale comparative studies by quantifying multiple markers provide methodological reference to the precise quality control of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Simiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wandi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Boxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Building #6, No.27, Xinjinqiao Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dean Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Haidar Ahmad IA, Blasko A, Wang H, Lu T, Mangion I, Regalado EL. Charged aerosol detection in early and late-stage pharmaceutical development: selection of regressionmodels at optimum power function value. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461997. [PMID: 33676111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of quantitative liquid chromatography (LC) coupled charged aerosol detection (CAD) for poor UV absorbing analytes in multicomponent mixtures has grown exponentially across academic and industrial sectors. The ballpark of previous LC-CAD reports is focused on practical applications, as well as optimization of critical parameters such as: response dependencies on temperature, nebulization process, analyte volatility, and mobile-phase composition. However, straightforward approaches to deal with the characteristic nonlinear response of CAD still scarce. A highly overlooked parameter is the power function value (PFV), whose optimization enables a detection signal that is more linear with higher signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and lower relative standard deviation (RSD) of area counts. Herein, a systematic investigation of different regression models (log-log, first-and second-degree polynomial) by both interpolation and extrapolation process in conjunction with PFV optimization throughout the development of LC-CAD assays is reported. The accuracy of the results via interpolation is always good (< 5%) when operating in the vicinity of the optimum PFV regardless the regression model choice. On the contrary, extrapolation process only worked when applying log-log regression at the optimum PFV (accuracy <5%). This outcome indicates that a first-order regression via interpolation can be a safe and simple choice for quantitative LC-CAD in highly regulated laboratories (GLP, GMP, etc.). Whereas a straightforward extrapolation combined with log-log regression can enable the deployment of high-throughput LC-CAD assays, especially but not limited to laboratories where the synthetic process route is undergoing rapid change and optimization (medicinal chemistry, discovery, biocatalysis, process chemistry, etc.). This approach is crucial in developing quantitative LC-CAD assays for poor UV absorbing pharmaceuticals that are sensitive, precise, accurate and robust across early and late-stage pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Andrei Blasko
- California Life Sciences Institute, FAST Advisory Program, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heather Wang
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Tian Lu
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Song Q, Wang Y, Huang L, Shen M, Yu Y, Yu Q, Chen Y, Xie J. Review of the relationships among polysaccharides, gut microbiota, and human health. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhu S, Wang X, Zheng Z, Zhao XE, Bai Y, Liu H. Synchronous measuring of triptolide changes in rat brain and blood and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and Alzheimer's disease rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113263. [PMID: 32203895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide, a major active ingredient of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, provides anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. In this study, a microwave-assisted stable isotope labeling derivatization-magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (MA-SILD-MDSPE) combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the determination of the triptolide in rat microdialysates. A pair of SILD reagents (d0-/d3-3-N-methyl-2'-carboxyl Rhodamine 6G, d0-/d3-MCR6G) were used to label triptolide in real samples and standards under mild conditions. The introduction of SILD reagents enhanced the sensitivity of MS/MS detection and ensured accurate quantification. A novel molecularly imprinted polymer coating with d0-MCR6G labeled triptolide as template was firstly synthesized by precipitation polymerization method, and used to selectively extract the labeled triptolides from complex matrices. The purified d0-/d3-MCR6G-triptolides were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Using the proposed method, a good linearity (R2>0.995), low limits of detection (LOD, 0.45-0.50 pg/mL) and quantification (LOQ, 3.0 pg/mL) were achieved. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within the acceptable ranges. No significant matrix effect was observed. The derivatization efficiency was more than 96 %. The validated method was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of triptolide synchronously in brain and blood of normal and Alzheimer's disease rats by in vivo microdialysis sampling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Natural Medicine Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Natural Medicine Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xian-En Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Natural Medicine Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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