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Adhikari S, Berger SN, Rustum AM. Development of Relatively Simple Sample Pretreatment Strategies to Selectively Remove Chromatographic Interfering Peaks of Polysorbate 80 from Liquid Oral Finished Drug Product. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:593-599. [PMID: 37592908 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 (PS 80) is a nonionic surfactant, used in myriad of pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic formulations. PS 80 components have strong UV absorbance and retain under reversed-phase chromatographic conditions, significantly masking sections of the chromatogram. PS 80-related peaks interferences in a sample are common and can be difficult to separate from the analyte peaks. A liquid oral finished product (LOFP) containing PS 80 and Ivermectin as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was selected for this study. Herein, we report two sample pretreatment strategies focusing on the selective removal of PS 80 from the LOFP. Both methods significantly reduce and/or practically eliminate excipients and PS 80-related peaks interferences from the LOFP without a negative impact on the API and its key-related substances recovery. The solid-phase extraction (SPE) strategy uses a C18 SPE followed by a silica gel SPE, whereas the liquid-liquid extraction strategy uses in situ-generated sodium caprylate for the removal of formulation excipients and PS 80. These methods can significantly increase the reliability of high-performance liquid chromatography methods and decrease false positive out-of-specifications events because of coelution of PS 80-related peaks with peaks of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarju Adhikari
- Global Pharmaceutical Technical Support (GPTS), Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. (BIAH), 631 US Route 1 South, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Shane N Berger
- Global Pharmaceutical Technical Support (GPTS), Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. (BIAH), 631 US Route 1 South, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Abu M Rustum
- Global Pharmaceutical Technical Support (GPTS), Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. (BIAH), 631 US Route 1 South, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
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Wang SQ, Zhao X, Zhang LJ, Zhao YM, Chen L, Zhang JL, Wang BC, Tang S, Yuan T, Yuan Y, Zhang M, Lee HK, Shi HW. Discrimination of polysorbate 20 by high-performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detection and characterization for components by expanding compound database and library. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100929. [PMID: 38799234 PMCID: PMC11126531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Analyzing polysorbate 20 (PS20) composition and the impact of each component on stability and safety is crucial due to formulation variations and individual tolerance. The similar structures and polarities of PS20 components make accurate separation, identification, and quantification challenging. In this work, a high-resolution quantitative method was developed using single-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with charged aerosol detection (CAD) to separate 18 key components with multiple esters. The separated components were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with an identical gradient as the HPLC-CAD analysis. The polysorbate compound database and library were expanded over 7-time compared to the commercial database. The method investigated differences in PS20 samples from various origins and grades for different dosage forms to evaluate the composition-process relationship. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS identified 1329 to 1511 compounds in 4 batches of PS20 from different sources. The method observed the impact of 4 degradation conditions on peak components, identifying stable components and their tendencies to change. HPLC-CAD and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS results provided insights into fingerprint differences, distinguishing quasi products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Wang
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211112, China
| | - Xun Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211112, China
| | - Yue-Mei Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Wang
- Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
| | - Tom Yuan
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, 01003, USA
| | - Yaozuo Yuan
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hai-Wei Shi
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, China
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De Pra M, Ispan DA, Meding S, Müllner T, Lovejoy KS, Grosse S, Cook K, Carillo S, Steiner F, Bones J. Degradation of polysorbate investigated by a high-performance liquid chromatography multi-detector system with charged aerosol and mass detection. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464405. [PMID: 37769426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 is widely used as a formulation component in biopharmaceutical drug products. Recent studies have shown that polysorbate 80 is readily degraded either through direct or indirect means. The degradation of polysorbate 80 causes a concern for the long-term stability of biopharmaceutical drug product, as the breakdown products of polysorbate 80 have been shown to cause adverse effects, such as formation of sub-visible and visible particles and mAb aggregation. Understanding the path and extent of degradation is of a paramount importance for the formulator during formulation development. A multi-detector HPLC system using charged aerosol and mass detection was developed and optimized for the characterization of polysorbate 80 standards. The system included a post-column make-up flow, i.e. an inverse gradient, that enabled constant eluent composition at the detectors. The inverse gradient eliminated the main source of variability for the charged aerosol detector response, thereby enabling the calculation of the mass balance between polysorbate components with different degrees of esterification. Extracted ion chromatograms of the mass detector combined with their respective retention times were used to qualitatively characterize the polysorbate samples down to the individual components. The system was applied to study the degradation of several polysorbate standards which occurred by enzymatic digestion or long-term storage. The system provided detailed information on the mechanism of degradation without the need for additional orthogonal analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ken Cook
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hemel Hempstead, UK
| | - Sara Carillo
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Mount Merrion A94×099, Ireland
| | | | - Jonathan Bones
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Mount Merrion A94×099, Ireland; School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
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Lind TK, Nilsson EJ, Wyler B, Scherer D, Skansberger T, Morin M, Kocherbitov V, Engblom J. Effects of ethylene oxide chain length on crystallization of polysorbate 80 and its related compounds. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 592:468-484. [PMID: 33711648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the synthesis protocol polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80, PS80) is a highly complex mixture of compounds. PS80 was therefore separated into its main constituents, e.g. polyoxyethylene isosorbide esters and polyoxyethylene esters, as well as mono- di- and polyesters using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. In this comprehensive study the individual components and their ethoxylation level were verified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and their thermotropic behavior was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. A distinct correlation was found between the average length of the ethylene oxide (EO) chains in the headgroup and the individual compounds' ability to crystallize. Importantly, a critical number of EO units required for crystallization of the headgroup was determined (6 EO units per chain or 24 per molecule). The investigation also revealed that the hydrocarbon tails only crystallize for polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters if saturated. PS80 is synthesized by reacting with approximately 20 mol of EO per mole of sorbitol, however, the number of EO units in the sorbitan ester in commercial PS80 products is higher than the expected 20 (5 EO units per chain). The complex behavior of all tested compounds revealed that if the amount of several of the linear by-products is reduced, the number of EO units in the chains will stay below the critical number and the product will not be able to crystallize by the EO chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania K Lind
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emelie J Nilsson
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Tatyana Skansberger
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maxim Morin
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vitaly Kocherbitov
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Engblom
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
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Louafy R, Benelyamani A, Tarhouchi S, Kamal O, Touaj K, Hlaibi M. Parameters and mechanism of membrane-oriented processes for the facilitated extraction and recovery of norfloxacin active compound. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37572-37580. [PMID: 32468360 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) using an amphiphilic molecule Tween 20 (TW20) as the carrier was developed and characterized to hinder environmental contamination caused by norfloxacin (NRF), an antibiotic widely used in veterinary and human medicines. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy X-ray dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) were used to reveal the composition, porosity, and morphology of the elaborated membrane. In order to measure the performance of the as-developed membrane, the influences of NRF initial concentration (C0 = 0.04 mol L-1, 0.02 mol L-1, 0.01 mol L-1, and 0.005 mol L-1), pH (2.6, 4.5, and 10.5), and temperature (T = 298 K, 303 K, and 305 K) were investigated. The evolution of macroscopic (permeability (P) and initial flux (J0)), microscopic (association constant (Kass) and apparent diffusion coefficient (D*)), and activation parameters (activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (∆H≠ass), and entropy (∆S≠)) was analyzed. It was found that TW20 was an effective agent for the extraction and recovery of different forms of NRF, especially the zwitterion form appeared at pH = 4.5. On the other hand, for the biologically active NRF compound, the mechanisms of the studied processes were controlled by the kinetic aspect rather than the energetic counterpart. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rkia Louafy
- Laboratoire Génie des Matériaux pour Environnement et Valorisation (GeMEV), Faculté des Sciences Ain-Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderezzak Benelyamani
- Laboratoire de recherche et développement AFRIC-PHAR, Route régionale Casablanca/Mohammedia N° 322, Km 12, Aïn Harrouda, 28630, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sanae Tarhouchi
- Laboratoire Génie des Matériaux pour Environnement et Valorisation (GeMEV), Faculté des Sciences Ain-Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Oussama Kamal
- Laboratoire Génie des Matériaux pour Environnement et Valorisation (GeMEV), Faculté des Sciences Ain-Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khalifa Touaj
- Laboratoire Génie des Matériaux pour Environnement et Valorisation (GeMEV), Faculté des Sciences Ain-Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Miloudi Hlaibi
- Laboratoire Génie des Matériaux pour Environnement et Valorisation (GeMEV), Faculté des Sciences Ain-Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco.
- Laboratoire de recherche et développement AFRIC-PHAR, Route régionale Casablanca/Mohammedia N° 322, Km 12, Aïn Harrouda, 28630, Casablanca, Morocco.
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