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Zhou Z, He L, Wang T, Tang H, Qin S, Nan X, Cheng W, He H, Bai P. Preparation of magnetic amphiphilic resin microspheres via the one-step polymerization method and extraction of four glucocorticoids for HPLC-MS analysis. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1720:464785. [PMID: 38458141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Amphiphilic materials can be used for sample preparation of chromatography or mass spectrometry. Amphiphilic materials with magnetic properties in combination with magnetic suction devices allow for automated sample preparation. However, conventional synthesis methods are cumbersome and not suitable for the mass production of the material. In this study, a micro-suspension polymerization method was developed to synthesize magnetic amphiphilic resin microspheres (MARMs), providing new ideas for the preparation of amphiphilic microspheres. MARMs with particle sizes ranging from 3 to 6 μm were successfully prepared, with BET surface area up to 653.2 m2/g. A magnetic solid-phase extraction method based on MARM-5 was developed for the extraction of four glucocorticoids including Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, Cortodoxone, and Corticosterone. This method had a very short adsorption time of 0.5 min and a total extraction time of only 13 min. The limit of detection for the four glucocorticoids ranged from 0.22 to 0.82 ng/L. There was a good linear relationship between sample concentration and peak area in the range of 25∼500 ng/L. Relative recovery of 98 %∼108 % and internal standard normalized matrix effect factors of 95∼114 % were obtained, and the relative standard deviation was between 2.3 % and 6.3 %. The MARMs would be used as excellent solid extraction material for glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China
| | - Liang He
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Tianjin Guoke Medical Engineering and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300300, PR China
| | - Hongzhen Tang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China
| | - Suzi Qin
- Tianjin Guoke Medical Engineering and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300300, PR China.
| | - Xueyan Nan
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China
| | - Wenbo Cheng
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China; Tianjin Guoke Medical Engineering and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300300, PR China
| | - Haibo He
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Pengli Bai
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China.
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2
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Tuli A, Suresh G, Halder N, Velpandian T. Analysis and remediation of phthalates in aquatic matrices: current perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23408-23434. [PMID: 38456985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are high production volume chemicals used extensively as plasticizers, to increase the flexibility of the main polymer. They are reported to leach into their surroundings from plastic products and are now a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Phthalate levels have been determined in several environmental matrices, especially in water. These levels serve as an indicator of plasticizer abuse and plastic pollution, and also serve as a route of exposure to different species including humans. Reports published on effects of different PAEs on experimental models demonstrate their carcinogenic, teratogenic, reproductive, and endocrine disruptive effects. Therefore, regular monitoring and remediation of environmental water samples is essential to ascertain their hazard quotient and daily exposure levels. This review summarises the extraction and detection techniques available for phthalate analysis in water samples such as chromatography, biosensors, immunoassays, and spectroscopy. Current remediation strategies for phthalate removal such as adsorption, advanced oxidation, and microbial degradation have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anannya Tuli
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Gayatri Suresh
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Nabanita Halder
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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3
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Dong W, Dai X, Jia Y, Ye S, Shen C, Liu M, Lin F, Sun X, Xiong Y, Deng B. Association between Baijiu chemistry and taste change: Constituents, sensory properties, and analytical approaches. Food Chem 2024; 437:137826. [PMID: 37897822 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Typical flavors, such as sourness, sweetness, and bitterness, possess numerous functions and physiological significance, and are closely related to Baijiu production management, quality control, and product development. However, current research on Baijiu flavor primarily focuses on the volatile constituents and distinctive aroma compounds. Furthermore, studies on taste substance recognition, identification, and formation are remain in the preliminary phase. Herein, we take an integrated account of the signal transduction, recognition, composition, and sensory properties of the three main basic tastes of Baijiu, including sourness, sweetness, and bitterness. Moreover, to elucidate the factors that might influence the taste perception of Baijiu, we also discussed the biotic and abiotic factors within the fermentation system. Finally, further elucidating the contribution underlying the three main tastes in Baijiu using a combination of the "Sensomics" and "Flavoromics", will allow for Baijiu taste characteristics to be manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinran Dai
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yintao Jia
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Siting Ye
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Caihong Shen
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiaotao Sun
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yanfei Xiong
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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4
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Conde-Díaz A, Santana-Mayor Á, Herrera-Herrera AV, Socas-Rodríguez B, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Assessment of endocrine disruptor pollutants and their metabolites in environmental water samples using a sustainable natural deep eutectic solvent-based analytical methodology. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139480. [PMID: 37453517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an evaluation of the occurrence of fifteen phthalates, four metabolites and one adipate in different groundwater, seawater and wastewater samples has been carried out due to their relevance on human health as they act as endocrine disruptors. For this purpose, a sustainable, fast and easy-handling vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method using a natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based on menthol and carvacrol as extraction agent, combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique, has been developed and applied for the first time. An optimization was performed to evaluate four important factors affecting the extraction performance, and an analytical validation was carried out in terms of matrix effect, linearity, extraction efficiency, and sensitivity. Recovery values were obtained in the range 72-119% for all analytes (except for monoethyl phthalate: 61.1-72.3%) with relative standard deviation values lower than 17%. Limits of quantification were found between 0.91 and 8.09 μg L-1. As a result of the assessment of 31 different environmental water samples, monoethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were detected and quantified at different concentrations in the range 2.59-21.17 μg L-1 in 6 samples, and diallyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, dipentyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate and bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate were detected in 20 more, showing the exposition of the population to these hazardous substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Conde-Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/nº. 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Álvaro Santana-Mayor
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/nº. 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Antonio V Herrera-Herrera
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/nº. 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España; Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 2, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/nº. 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/nº. 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
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5
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Bhogal S, Grover A, Mohiuddin I. A Review of the Analysis of Phthalates by Gas Chromatography in Aqueous and Food Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37647342 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2250876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
As a commonly well-known industrial chemical, phthalates are produced in high volumes to be used in various consumer products (e.g., plasticizers, medical devices, construction materials, and toys) to enhance softness, durability, transparency, and flexibility. Phthalates are generally not chemically bonded to the polymer chain of the plastic in which they are mixed. Thus, they may leach, migrate, or evaporate into indoor/outdoor air, and foodstuffs. In this review, a comprehensive overview of several sample preparation methods coupled with gas chromatography for the analysis of phthalates in various kinds of complex matrices, with a focus on the last 20 years' worth of papers. The review begins by highlighting the environmental significance of phthalate pollution along with the various routes to their exposure to general population. Then, the discussion is extended to cover the pretreatment and extraction techniques for phthalates for their quantitation based on gas chromatographic approach. Finally, the present and future challenges for the detection of phthalates in aqueous and food matrices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Bhogal
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Aman Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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6
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Ma G, Ma B, Wang L, Tao W. Occurrence and dietary exposure risks of phthalate esters in food in the typical valley city Xi'an, Northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:31426-31440. [PMID: 35006560 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diet is an important exposure pathway of phthalate esters (PAEs) for humans. A total of 174 food samples covering 11 food groups were collected from Xi'an, a typical valley city in Northwest China, and analyzed to assess the occurrence and exposure risks for PAEs in the food. Twenty-two PAEs were detected. The sum of the 22 PAEs (∑22PAEs) varied between 0.0340 and 56.8 µg/g, with a mean of 3.94 µg/g. The major PAEs were di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), and di-iso-decyl phthalate (DiDP), which were associated mainly with the usage of plasticizers. Bio-availability of the PAEs in the combined gastro-intestinal fluid simulant of digestion was higher than that in the single gastric or intestinal fluid simulant. Bis(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate exhibited the highest bio-availability in each of the three simulants. Bio-availability of the PAEs was negatively correlated with the molecular weight and octanol-water partition coefficient of the PAEs and positively correlated with the solubility and vapor pressure of the PAEs. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAEs based on national and municipal food consumption data was lower than the reference dose (RfD) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the tolerable dairy intake (TDI) of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), except for the EDI of DnBP and DiBP being higher than the TDI of EFSA. Grains and vegetables were the major sources of human dietary exposure to PAEs. The hazardous quotient for human dietary exposure to PAEs was less than the critical value of 1 and the cancer risk of butyl benzyl phthalate and DEHP was in the range of 10-11-10-6, suggesting relatively low health risks. The results indicated that human exposure to DnBP, DiBP, DEHP, DiNP, and DiDP in food is considerable and a health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Bianbian Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wendong Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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7
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Hidalgo-Serrano M, Borrull F, Marcé RM, Pocurull E. Phthalate esters in marine ecosystems: analytical methods, occurrence and distribution. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Nie Y, Luo Y, Luo S, Cao X, Song G, Deng C. Amphiphilic copolymers grafted on monodisperse magnetic microspheres as an efficient adsorbent for the extraction of safrole in the plasma. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462733. [PMID: 34902718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) microsphere is a kind of attractive extracting medium due to its high stability in different matrices and its particle size can be controlled. The attachment of amphiphilic copolymers to the PS microsphere surface can overcome the drawback of PS relevant to its hydrophobic nature and low wettability. In our previous work, the magnetic composite based on PS microsphere (5 µm) and poly (divinylbenzene-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone, DVB-co-NVP) shell was successfully fabricated and applied for the extraction of safrole in cola drinks. However, the large size and ease of sedimentation limited its application in the enrichment of safrole from blood samples. Considering the adjustability of PS microsphere size, we synthesized the porous PS microspheres with the uniform size of 3 µm and then functionalized with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and poly (DVB-co-NVP) layer in this work. Using the proposed material as extraction sorbent, a simple and fast magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) method coupled with HPLC was developed for quantification of safrole in the plasma. Under the optimized conditions, the response to safrole was linear in the range of 0.02-12 µg mL-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.006 µg mL-1. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained between 85.67% and 97.74% (spiked at 0.05, 0.2, 2 µg mL-1) and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the above spiked levels of the analyte were below 3.9% (n = 6). The adsorbent can be reused for 6 cycles without a significant loss of extraction capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Nie
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Shajie Luo
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Xiujun Cao
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Guoxin Song
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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Ren L, Huang Y, Zhao B, Xu L, Long T. Magnetic solid phase extraction based on dodecyl functionalization of magnetic ferrite microspheres for determination of phthalate esters in environmental water. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1958343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou, China
| | - Bingshan Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou, China
| | - Lanying Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou, China
| | - Tao Long
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou, China
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10
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Qiao LZ, Yu CM, Sun RT. Preparation of Amino-functionalized Guanidinium Ionic Liquid-Modified Magnetic Materials and Application in Solid-Phase Extraction of Pollutants in Water. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Chu Q, Liu Y, Jiang S, Zhu Y, Lyu H, Xie Z. A novel adsorbent based on aptamer prepared via “thiol-ene” click for specific recognition of phthalic acid esters. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1146:109-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Chen D, Ma S, Zhang X, Wang X, Gao M, Li J, Wang H. Enhanced extraction of organophosphorus pesticides from fruit juices using magnetic effervescent tablets composed of the NiFe2O4@SiO2@PANI-IL nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1668-1678. [PMID: 35424117 PMCID: PMC8693588 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reported ionic liquid (IL)-based magnetic effervescent tablets are a result of direct addition of ILs and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). In effervescent reaction-enhanced microextraction procedures, the dissociation between ILs and MNPs easily leads to loss of ILs due to aqueous solubility, thereby decreasing the extraction efficiency. Herein, we attached a hydrophilic IL ([BMIM]Br) onto the surface of NiFe2O4@SiO2@polyaniline (NiFe2O4@SiO2@PANI-IL) to prepare novel core–shell-like multi-layer nanocomposites. Magnetic effervescent tablets were composed of Na2CO3 as an alkaline source, tartaric acid as an acidic source and as-synthesized nanocomposites as an extractant. The nanocomposites were used in an effervescent reaction-enhanced magnetic solid-phase extraction (ERMSE) for the extraction of four organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in fruit juices prior to HPLC-DAD detection. Under optimized conditions, this method provided low limits of detection (0.06–0.17 μg L−1), high recoveries (80.6–97.3%) and excellent precision (1.1–5.2%) for OPP quantification in five fruit juices. Notably, the three-layer core–shell nanocomposites were efficiently recycled for at least eight extraction cycles with a recovery loss of <10%. The novelty of this study lies in: (1) for the first time, the ILs-based hybrid magnetic nanocomposites were prepared with appropriate pore size/volume and more active sites for OPPs; (2) the combination of the nanocomposites with effervescent tablets realizes rapid dispersion of CO2 bubbles, and convenient magnetic separation/collection into one synchronous step; and (3) due to there being no requirement of electrical power, it is feasible for use in field conditions. Thus, the ERMSE method has excellent potential for conventional monitoring of trace-level OPPs in complex fruit juice matrices. The reported ionic liquid (IL)-based magnetic effervescent tablets are a result of direct addition of ILs and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Sai Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Jieyi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
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13
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Galindo MV, Oliveira WDS, Godoy HT. Multivariate optimization of low-temperature cleanup followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction for detection of Bisphenol A and benzophenones in infant formula. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461757. [PMID: 33302139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and effective analytical method to determine six contaminants, including five benzophenones (BP, BP-1, BP-3, BP-8, and BP-12) and bisphenol A (BPA) in infant formulas was developed in this study. For this, a sequential experimental design was used to optimize the extraction and cleanup method using low temperature partition (LTP) combined with dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE). The effect of primary secondary amine (PSA), sodium chloride (NaCl), graphitized carbon black (GCB), octadecyl (C18), strong anion exchanger (SAX), water, acetonitrile (ACN) and, ultrasound (US) time were evaluated using a sequential design of experiments including a Plackett-Burman, a central composite rotatable design, and the Derringer and Suich's tool. The method was validated, and it showed a limit of quantification varying from 0.06 to 2 mg.kg-1, good precision (< 20% RSD), and recovery (52-106%). The method proposed was applied to twenty-five samples of commercial infant formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Vitoria Galindo
- Departament of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas,13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Helena Teixeira Godoy
- Departament of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas,13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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14
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Ścigalski P, Kosobucki P. Recent Materials Developed for Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction. Molecules 2020; 25:E4869. [PMID: 33105561 PMCID: PMC7659476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid phase extraction (SPE) is an analytical procedure developed with the purpose of separating a target analyte from a complex sample matrix prior to quantitative or qualitative determination. The purpose of such treatment is twofold: elimination of matrix constituents that could interfere with the detection process or even damage analytical equipment as well as enriching the analyte in the sample so that it is readily available for detection. Dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) is a recent development of the standard SPE technique that is attracting growing attention due to its remarkable simplicity, short extraction time and low requirement for solvent expenditure, accompanied by high effectiveness and wide applicability. This review aims to thoroughly survey recently conducted analytical studies focusing on methods utilizing novel, interesting nanomaterials as dSPE sorbents, as well as known materials that have been only recently successfully applied in dSPE techniques, and evaluate their performance and suitability based on comparison with previously reported analytical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ścigalski
- Department of Food Analysis and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Extraction of Phthalic Acid Esters and Di(2-ethylhexyl) Adipate from Tap and Waste Water Samples Using Chromabond® HLB as Sorbent Prior to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, Chromabond® HLB was evaluated as an extraction sorbent of a group of seven phthalic acid esters (PAEs; i.e., dipropyl phthalate, DPP, dibutyl phthalate, DBP, diisopentyl phthalate, DIPP, di-n-pentyl phthalate, DNPP, butylbenzyl phthalate, BBP, dicyclohexyl phthalate, DCHP, and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, DEHP) and one adipate (di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, DEHA) from tap and waste water prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After the optimization of the extraction conditions (200 mg of sorbent conditioned with 10 mL of acetonitrile and 2 mL of Milli-Q water, extraction of 50 mL of water at pH 6.0, vacuum drying for 20 min and elution with 10 mL of ethyl acetate), a recovery study was developed at different concentration levels in each matrix, which revealed that most of the target analytes could be recovered between 75 and 112%, with relative standard deviation values for all of them below 20%. Matrix effect was evaluated, finding that matrix-matched calibration should be developed for most analytes in both matrices. The limits of quantification (LOQs) of the method were in the 0.82–71 ng L−1 range. The developed method was also applied to the extraction of the target PAEs in different water samples finding some of them, in particular, DNPP in tap water samples, and BBP and DCHP in waste water, but below the LOQs of the method.
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