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Tintrop LK, Bräkling S, Vetter M, Eßer W, Drees F, Salemi A, Jochmann MA, Klee S, Schmidt TC. Evaluation of GC-EI&CI-TOFMS for Nontarget Analysis of Industrial Wastewater Using Hydrophilic-Lipophilic-Balanced SPME. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6122-6130. [PMID: 38603779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The evaluation of nontarget analysis (NTA) techniques for the monitoring of wastewater is important as wastewater is an anthropogenic pollution source for aquatic ecosystems and a threat to human and environmental health. This study presents the proof-of-concept NTA of industrial wastewater samples. A prototype hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced (HLB) SPME and gas chromatography interfaced with time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) with electron ionization (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) in parallel are employed. The HLB-SPME consists of a poly(divinylbenzene-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) structure, allowing the extraction of hydrophilic as well as lipophilic substances. As the combination of parallel CI and EI data provides a comprehensive data set as a unique feature, this study is strongly focused on the compound identification procedure and confidence reporting of exemplary substances. Furthermore, the use of three different CI reagent ions, including [N2H]+/[N4H]+, [H3O]+, and [NH4]+, enables a broad range of analytes to be ionized in terms of selectivity and softness. The complementary information provided by EI and CI data allows a level 3 identification or higher in 69% of cases. The polarity coverage based on the physicochemical properties of the analytes (such as volatility, water solubility, hydrophilicity, and lipophilicity) was visualized by using Henry's law and octanol-water partitioning constants. In conclusion, the presented approach is shown to be valuable for water analysis and allows enhanced and accelerated compound identification compared to utilizing only one type of ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie K Tintrop
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Willi Eßer
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Felix Drees
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Amir Salemi
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Maik A Jochmann
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Sonja Klee
- TOFWERK AG, Schorenstrasse 39, 3645 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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2
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Gątarek P, Rosiak A, Kałużna-Czaplińska J. Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Organic Pollution in Urban Water: A Current Mini Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38451912 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2318764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The number of pollutants and chemicals with the potential to reach the environment is still largely unknown, which poses great challenges for researchers in various fields of science, environmental scientists, and analytical chemists. Chromatographic techniques, both gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with different types of detection, are now invaluable tools for the identification of a wide range of chemical compounds and contaminants in water. This review is devoted to chromatographic techniques GC-MS, GC-Orbitrap-MS, GC-MS/MS, GC-HRMS, GC × GC-TOFMS, GC-ECD, LC-MS/MS, HPLC-UV, HPLC-PDA, UPLC-QTOFMS, used to determinate emerging organic contaminants in aquatic media, mainly in urban water, published in the scientific literature over the past several years. The article also focuses on sample preparation methods used in the analysis of aqueous samples. Most research focuses on minimizing the number of sample preparation steps, reducing the amount of solvents used, the speed of analysis, and the ability to apply it to a wide range of analytes in a sample. This is extremely important in the application of sensitive and selective methods to monitor the status of urban water quality and assess its impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gątarek
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelina Rosiak
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Liu J, Zhao H, Chang X, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhu B, Wang X. Investigation of aroma characteristics of seven Chinese commercial sunflower seed oils using a combination of descriptive Analysis, GC-quadrupole-MS, and GC-Orbitrap-MS. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100690. [PMID: 37179977 PMCID: PMC10172861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aroma characteristics of seven commercial Chinese sunflower seed oils were investigated in this study using descriptive analysis, headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-quadrupole-MS (LRMS, low-resolution mass spectrometry), and GC-Orbitrap-MS (HRMS, high-resolution mass spectrometry). GC-Orbitrap-MS quantified 96 compounds, including 18 alcohols, 12 esters, 7 ketones, 20 terpenoids, 11 pyrazines, 6 aldehydes, 6 furans, 6 benzene ring-containing compounds, 3 sulfides, 2 alkanes, and 5 nitrogen-containing compounds. Moreover, 22 compounds including 5 acids, 1 amide, and 16 aldehydes were quantified using GC-Quadrupole-MS. To our knowledge, 23 volatile compounds were reported for the first time in sunflower seed oil. All the seven samples were found to have a 'roasted sunflower seeds' note, 'sunflower seeds aroma' note and 'burnt aroma' note and only five of them had 'fried instant noodles' note, three had 'sweet' note and two had 'puffed food' note. Partial least squares regression was used to screen the candidate key volatiles that caused the aroma differences among these seven samples. It was observed that 'roasted sunflower seeds' note was positively correlated with 1-octen-3-ol, n-heptadehyde and dimethyl sulfone, whereas the 'fried instant noodles' and 'puffed food' demonstrated a positive correlation with pentanal, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal and 2-pentylfuran. Our findings provide information to the producers and developers for quality control and improvement of sunflower seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Xiaomin Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoqing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Corresponding author at: Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (B. Zhu).
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Beijing 102209, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition Food Research, Beijing 102209, China
- Corresponding author at: Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China (B. Zhu).
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Unified Method for Target and Non-Target Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Fruit Juices by Gas Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040739. [PMID: 36832813 PMCID: PMC9955418 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A new polyvalent wide-scope analytical method, valid for both raw and processed (juices) fruits, combining target and non-target strategies, has been developed and validated to determine low concentrations of 260 pesticides, as well as many potential non-target substances and metabolites. The target approach has been validated according to SANTE Guide requirements. Trueness, precision, linearity, and robustness values were validated in raw fruit (apple) and juice (apple juice) as representative solid and liquid food commodities. Recoveries were between 70-120% and two ranges of linearity were observed: 0.5-20 μg kg-1 (0.5-20 μg L-1 apple juice) and 20-100 μg kg-1 (20-100 μg L-1 apple juice). The limits of quantification (LOQs) reached were lower than 0.2 μg kg-1 in apple (0.2 μg L-1 apple juice) in most cases. The developed method, based on QuEChERS extraction followed by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), achieves part-per-trillions lower limits, which allowed the detection of 18 pesticides in commercial samples. The non-target approach is based on a retrospective analysis of suspect compounds, which has been optimized to detect up to 25 additional compounds, increasing the scope of the method. This made it possible to confirm the presence of two pesticide metabolites which were not considered in the target screening, phtamlimide and tetrahydrophthalimide.
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Greco R, García-Lainez G, Oliver-Meseguer J, Marini C, Domínguez I, López-Haro M, Hernández-Garrido JC, Cerón-Carrasco JP, Andreu I, Leyva-Pérez A. Cytotoxic sub-nanometer aqueous platinum clusters as potential antitumoral agents. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5281-5289. [PMID: 36540110 PMCID: PMC9724608 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-free sub-nanometer metal clusters (MCs) of Pt, Ir, Rh, Au and Cu, are prepared here in neat water and used as extremely active (nM) antitumoral agents for HeLa and A2870 cells. The preparation just consists of adding the biocompatible polymer ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) to an aqueous solution of the corresponding metal salt, to give liters of a MC solution after filtration of the polymer. Since the MC solution is composed of just neat metal atoms and water, the intrinsic antitumoral activity of the different sub-nanometer metal clusters can now fairly be evaluated. Pt clusters show an IC50 of 0.48 μM for HeLa and A2870 cancer cells, 23 times higher than that of cisplatin and 1000 times higher than that of Pt NPs, and this extremely high cytotoxicity also occurs for cisplatin-resistant (A2870 cis) cells, with a resistance factor of 1.4 (IC50 = 0.68 μM). Rh and Ir clusters showed an IC50 ∼ 1 μM. Combined experimental and computational studies support an enhanced internalization and cytotoxic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Greco
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Guillermo García-Lainez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV/IIS La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106 46026 Valencia Spain
| | - Judit Oliver-Meseguer
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Carlo Marini
- CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron E-08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Irene Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 04120 Almeria Spain
| | - Miguel López-Haro
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Hernández-Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
| | - José Pedro Cerón-Carrasco
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Academia General del Aire. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. C/ Coronel López Peña S/N Santiago de La Ribera, 30720 Murcia Spain
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV/IIS La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106 46026 Valencia Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera s/n 46022 València Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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Nica AV, Olaru EA, Bradu C, Dumitru A, Avramescu SM. Catalytic Ozonation of Ibuprofen in Aqueous Media over Polyaniline-Derived Nitrogen Containing Carbon Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193468. [PMID: 36234595 PMCID: PMC9565786 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic ozonation is an important water treatment method among advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Since the first development, catalytic ozonation has been consistently improved in terms of catalysts used and the optimization of operational parameters. The aim of this work is to compare the catalytic activity of polyaniline (PANI) and thermally treated polyaniline (PANI 900) in the catalytic ozonation of ibuprofen solutions at different pH values (4, 7, and 10). Catalysts were thoroughly characterized through multiple techniques (SEM, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, pHPZC, and so on), while the oxidation process of ibuprofen solutions (100 mgL-1) was assessed by several analytical methods (HPLC, UV254, TOC, COD, and BOD5). The experimental data demonstrate a significant improvement in ibuprofen removal in the presence of prepared solids (20 min for PANI 900 at pH10) compared with non-catalytic processes (56 min at pH 10). Moreover, the influence of solution pH was emphasized, showing that, in the basic region, the removal rate of organic substrate is higher than in acidic or neutral range. Ozone consumption mgO3/mg ibuprofen was considerably reduced for catalytic processes (17.55-PANI, 11.18-PANI 900) compared with the absence of catalysts (29.64). Hence, beside the ibuprofen degradation, the catalysts used are very active in the mineralization of organic substrate and/or formation of biodegradable compounds. The best removal rate of target pollutants and oxidation by-products was achieved by PANI 900, although raw polyaniline also presents important activity in the oxidation process. Therefore, it can be stated that polyaniline-based catalysts are effective in the oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel-Vasile Nica
- PROTMED Research Centre, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91–95, Sect. 5, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Alina Olaru
- PROTMED Research Centre, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91–95, Sect. 5, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Systems Ecology and Sustainability, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Bradu
- PROTMED Research Centre, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91–95, Sect. 5, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Systems Ecology and Sustainability, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dumitru
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Sorin Marius Avramescu
- PROTMED Research Centre, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91–95, Sect. 5, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90–92 Soseaua Panduri, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (S.M.A.)
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Parts-per-million of ruthenium catalyze the selective chain-walking reaction of terminal alkenes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2831. [PMID: 35595741 PMCID: PMC9123009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chain–walking of terminal alkenes (also called migration or isomerization reaction) is currently carried out in industry with unselective and relatively costly processes, to give mixtures of alkenes with significant amounts of oligomerized, branched and reduced by–products. Here, it is shown that part–per–million amounts of a variety of commercially available and in–house made ruthenium compounds, supported or not, transform into an extremely active catalyst for the regioselective migration of terminal alkenes to internal positions, with yields and selectivity up to >99% and without any solvent, ligand, additive or protecting atmosphere required, but only heating at temperatures >150 °C. The resulting internal alkene can be prepared in kilogram quantities, ready to be used in nine different organic reactions without any further treatment. The chain-walking of terminal alkenes is an industrially relevant reaction. Here, the authors show that part-per-million amounts of a variety of ruthenium compounds catalyze the reaction in yields and selectivity up to >99%, without any solvent or additive.
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang W, Xing J, Zhang Q, Ma Q, Lv Q. Non-targeted analysis of unknown volatile chemicals in medical masks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107122. [PMID: 35121498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the non-targeted analysis of unknown volatile chemicals in medical masks through headspace gas chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. In view of the difficulties that may be encountered in the qualitative analysis of unknown substances, several typical cases and the corresponding reliable solutions are given from the perspective of comprehensive score and retention index, chemical ionization identification molecular formula, fragment ion detail comparison for distinguishing isomers, and identification of alkanes. With this method, 69 volatile substances were identified in 60 masks. The identified substances were divided into nine categories. Alkanes, esters, benzenes, and alcohols were the top four groups of substances identified in masks and accounted for 34.8%, 15.9%, 10.1%, and 7.2% of the total substances, respectively. In addition, ketones, ethers, phenolics, amides, and other substances were identified. Ethanol, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, toluene, m-xylene, dimethyl glutarate, and N,N-dimethylacetamide had high detection rates. The identified substances were further filtered and screened according to their detection rate, toxicity, and response intensity. Finally, 12 high-risk volatile chemicals in medical masks were listed. This study could serve as a reference for identifying unknown substances and a guide for monitoring volatile chemicals in masks and promoting chemical safety improvements in products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | | | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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Liu Y, Qian X, Xing J, Li N, Li J, Su Q, Chen Y, Zhang B, Zhu B. Accurate Determination of 12 Lactones and 11 Volatile Phenols in Nongrape Wines through Headspace-Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) Combined with High-Resolution Gas Chromatography-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-MS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1971-1983. [PMID: 35112570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper clarifies the contribution of lactones and volatile phenols to the aroma of nongrape wine. A target method for the simultaneous determination of these two kinds of volatiles in nongrape wines was developed using headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with high-resolution gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-MS). A high-resolution mass spectrometry database including 12 lactones and 11 volatile phenols was established for qualitative accuracy. Different matrix-matched calibration standards should be prepared for specific samples due to the matrix effects. The method was successfully validated and applied in three nongrape wines. Hawthorn wine contained more lactones (δ/γ-hexalactone, δ/γ-nonalactone, δ/γ-decalactone, γ-undecalactone, δ/γ-dodecalactone, C10 massoia lactone, and whiskey lactone), while blueberry wine contained more volatile phenols (especially 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-ethylguiaiacol). Goji berry wines contained certain concentrations of δ-nonalactone, γ-nonalactone, δ-hexalactone, and 3-ethyl phenol. This study demonstrated that HS-SPME-GC-Orbitrap-MS can be applied for the accurate quantification of trace aroma compounds such as lactones and volatile phenols in fruit wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaran Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xu Qian
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | | | - Na Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junlong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingyu Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bolin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoqing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Li C, Chu S, Tan S, Yin X, Jiang Y, Dai X, Gong X, Fang X, Tian D. Towards Higher Sensitivity of Mass Spectrometry: A Perspective From the Mass Analyzers. Front Chem 2021; 9:813359. [PMID: 34993180 PMCID: PMC8724130 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.813359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in many fields. Recent developments in chemical and biological researches have drawn much attention to the measurement of substances with low abundances in samples. Continuous efforts have been made consequently to further improve the sensitivity of MS. Modifications on the mass analyzers of mass spectrometers offer a direct, universal and practical way to obtain higher sensitivity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in mass analyzers for the improvement of mass spectrometers' sensitivity, including quadrupole, ion trap, time-of-flight (TOF) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron (FT-ICR), as well as different combinations of these mass analyzers. The advantages and limitations of different mass analyzers and their combinations are compared and discussed. This review provides guidance to the selection of suitable mass spectrometers in chemical and biological analytical applications. It is also beneficial to the development of novel mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiying Chu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xinchi Yin
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - You Jiang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xiang Fang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Fabbri D, Bianco Prevot A. Analytical control in advanced oxidation processes: Surrogate models and indicators vs traditional methods. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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de Andrade FV, Augusti R, de Lima GM. Ultrasound for the remediation of contaminated waters with persistent organic pollutants: A short review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105719. [PMID: 34450413 PMCID: PMC8387924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The rising amount of persistent organic contaminants released into water reservoirs in the last years became a cause of concern for the industry, academy, and public administration, due to their bioaccumulation, mutagenicity, and photosynthesis reduction. Therefore, the search for processes that efficiently remove such contaminants became of primary importance. In this context, ultrasound (US) is one of the most promising and economically viable alternatives to degrade organic pollutants in varied environments. Whereas the use of other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as Fenton and photocatalysis, has been widely reported for this purpose, only a few papers deal with ultrasound application as a possible AOP. In this review, a general overview of ultrasound is provided, covering the last twenty years. It includes fundamental aspects of ultrasound and applications, individually or combined with other AOPs, to deplete organic pollutants from various classes in an aqueous environment. Finally, the review concludes by indicating that additional research should be conducted worldwide to explore the full potential of ultrasound as a useful AOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V de Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Itajubá - Campus Itabira, Advanced Ceramic Materials Laboratory - LCAv, Research Group in Materials and Nanoscience - GPMN, Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200 - Distrito Industrial II, 35903-087 Itabira, MG, Brazil.
| | - R Augusti
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Chemistry, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - G M de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Chemistry, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
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13
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Liu C, Cai W, Zhai M, Zhu G, Zhang C, Jiang Z. Decoupling of wastewater eco-environmental damage and China's economic development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147980. [PMID: 34082216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater pollution has been considered as a prominent bottleneck restricting global sustainable development. China is one of the largest discharges and eco-environmental damages of wastewater in the world. Through analyzing wastewater discharge data using emergy method in China from 2011 to 2017, the wastewater eco-environmental damage of 31 provinces is calculated with GDP and area to reveal the fundamental origins of inflection point of wastewater discharge in China. Studies results show that, (i) Chinese "12th Five-Year Plan" (2011-2015) is a watershed in wastewater discharge, and the eco-environment damages caused by China's wastewater accounted for more than 1/4 of GDP; (ii) China has the great potential to reduce eco-environment damages of 1.73 trillion $/year; (iii) In 2016 and 2017, wastewater eco-environmental damage has decreased by about 50% compared with that in 2015, and the effect of government policies was remarkable. We conclude that decoupling of China's economic development form eco-environmental damages of wastewater is began to appear, the strict formulation and implementation of China's environmental policies and the green upgrading of industrial structure are main driving forces, and it is little correlation with economic slowdown. This study offers the detailed list of China wastewater pollution and reveals the relationship between wastewater eco-environmental damages and economic development, and shows the experience and achievements of the Chinese government in the treatment of wastewater pollution, which provides a useful reference for the treatment of wastewater pollution in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghu Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China; School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Cai
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Business, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Mengyu Zhai
- Sino-Canada Resources and Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guang Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Cuixia Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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14
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Javelle T, Righezza M, Danger G. Identify low mass volatile organic compounds from cometary ice analogs using gas chromatography coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer associated to electron and chemical ionizations. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462343. [PMID: 34174716 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of organic matter extracted from meteorites showed that solar system objects present an important molecular diversity. To improve our understanding of such organic matter, new analytical technologies must be developed. The present study displays the first experiments using a GC-FT-Orbitrap-MS to decipher the molecular diversity observed in experiments simulating the evolution of cometary ices. The proposed analytical strategy focuses on the analysis of 110 volatile organic compounds (VOC) with mainly 1 to 6 carbon atoms generated in such cometary ice analogs. Electron ionization (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) modes with methane (CH4) or ammonia (NH3) were optimized and compared. Those developments maximized the intensity of molecular, protonated or deprotonated ions, and improved high-resolution molecular formula unambiguous identification: EI mode is too energetic to provides there detection, while it is not the case in CI mode. Particularly, NH3 as a reagent gas improves amine identification in positive mode (PCI), and esters, alcohols, carbonyls, amides, carboxylic acids and nitriles in negative mode (NCI). The combination of both EI and CI mass spectrum analysis improves molecular identification, thanks to the detection of molecular, deprotonated or protonated ion of highest intensity and fragment formula assignments. The EI and NCI NH3 combination allows formula assignments up to 94% of our database with limit of detection up to 7 ppm. This procedure has been validated for untargeted GC-FT-Orbitrap-MS analysis of VOC coming from the processing of cometary ice analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Javelle
- Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire de Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Righezza
- Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire de Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Grégoire Danger
- Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire de Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, UMR 7345, CNRS, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France.
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15
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Zhang Y, Han Y, Hu W, Pan Q, Liu Z, Ling G, Shi Q, Weng R. Diacylglycerols ions as novel marker indicators for the classification of edible oils using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110422. [PMID: 34112424 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerols (DAGs) ions, instead of triacylglycerols (TAGs) ions, were established as marker indicators for an improved classification of edible oils using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS). DAGs ions can be used not only to identify triacylglycerols (TAGs) and their embedded fatty acids (FAs), but also to distinguish positional isomers of TAGs. In this work, DAGs ions were determined in edible oils by direct infusion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (APCI-UHRMS), where the ultrahigh resolving power up to 500,000 FWHM (full width at half maximum) can provide accurate molecular compositions and detailed fingerprints MS spectra in a minute. A total of 146 samples belonging to 22 species of plant oils and animal fats, were characterized. Chemometric analyses were performed using principal component analysis, partial least square-discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. DAGs ions were proved to be better than TAGs ions as marker indicators in the chemometric analyses. An overall correct rate of 93.40% was achieved for the classification of tested samples. In addition, blend oils and gutter oils were also characterized by this developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yehua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Wenya Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qiong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhanfang Liu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Guannan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Rui Weng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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16
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Misra BB. Advances in high resolution GC-MS technology: a focus on the application of GC-Orbitrap-MS in metabolomics and exposomics for FAIR practices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2265-2282. [PMID: 33987631 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00173f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) provides a complementary analytical platform for capturing volatiles, non-polar and (derivatized) polar metabolites and exposures from a diverse array of matrixes. High resolution (HR) GC-MS as a data generation platform can capture data on analytes that are usually not detectable/quantifiable in liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry-based solutions. With the rise of high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) GC-MS systems such as GC-Orbitrap-MS in the last decade after the time-of-flight (ToF) renaissance, numerous applications have been found in the fields of metabolomics and exposomics. In a short span of time, a multitude of studies have used GC-Orbitrap-MS to generate exciting new high throughput data spanning from diverse basic to applied research areas. The GC-Orbitrap-MS has found application in both targeted and untargeted efforts for capturing metabolomes and exposomes across diverse studies. In this review, I capture and summarize all the reported studies to date, and provide a snapshot of the milieu of commercial and open-source software solutions, spectral libraries, and informatics solutions available to a GC-Orbitrap-MS system instrument user or a data analyst dealing with these datasets. Lastly, but importantly, I provide an account on data sharing and meta-data capturing solutions that are available to make HRAM GC-MS based metabolomics and exposomics studies findable, accessible, interoperable, and reproducible (FAIR). These FAIR practices would allow data generators and users of GC-HRMS instruments to help the community of GC-MS researchers to collaborate and co-develop exciting tools and algorithms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B Misra
- Independent Researcher, Pine-211, Raintree Park Dwaraka Krishna, Namburu, AP-522508, India.
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17
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Travis SC, Kordas K, Aga DS. Optimized workflow for unknown screening using gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry expands identification of contaminants in silicone personal passive samplers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9048. [PMID: 33444483 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Silicone wristbands have emerged as valuable passive samplers for monitoring of personal exposure to environmental contaminants in the rapidly developing field of exposomics. Once deployed, silicone wristbands collect and hold a wealth of chemical information that can be interrogated using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to provide a broad coverage of chemical mixtures. METHODS Gas chromatography coupled to Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry (GC/Orbitrap™ MS) was used to simultaneously perform suspect screening (using in-house database) and unknown screening (using vendor databases) of extracts from wristbands worn by volunteers. The goal of this study was to optimize a workflow that allows detection of low levels of priority pollutants, with high reliability. In this regard, a data processing workflow for GC/Orbitrap™ MS was developed using a mixture of 123 environmentally relevant standards consisting of pesticides, flame retardants, organophosphate esters, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as test compounds. RESULTS The optimized unknown screening workflow using a search index threshold of 750 resulted in positive identification of 70 analytes in validation samples, and a reduction in the number of false positives by over 50%. An average of 26 compounds with high confidence identification, 7 level 1 compounds and 19 level 2 compounds, were observed in worn wristbands. The data were further analyzed via suspect screening and retrospective suspect screening to identify an additional 36 compounds. CONCLUSIONS This study provides three important findings: (1) a clear evidence of the importance of sample cleanup in addressing complex sample matrices for unknown analysis, (2) a valuable workflow for the identification of unknown contaminants in silicone wristband samplers using electron ionization HRMS data, and (3) a novel application of GC/Orbitrap™ MS for the unknown analysis of organic contaminants that can be used in exposomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Travis
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
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Astudillo-Pascual M, Domínguez I, Aguilera PA, Garrido Frenich A. New Phenolic Compounds in Posidonia oceanica Seagrass: A Comprehensive Array Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050864. [PMID: 33923075 PMCID: PMC8145229 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The studies on the Posidonia oceanica Delile (P. oceanica) phenolic composition have been focused on the foliar tissues and have often neglected the phenolic compounds in rhizomes or roots alike. With the current improvements in high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyzers, such as the Orbitrap MS, there is a new opportunity to more deeply study P. oceanica. One of the benefits is the possibility of conducting an exhaustive phenolic monitoring, which is crucial in the search for new stressor-specific biomarkers of coastal deterioration. For this purpose, the different tissues (leaf, rhizome, and root) of P. oceanica seagrass from several marine sampling areas were analyzed through target, suspected, and non-target screenings. This paper brings a fast and tissues-specific extraction, as well as a detection method of phenolic compounds applying for the first time the potential of HRMS (Exactive Orbitrap) in P. oceanica samples. As a result, 42 phenolic compounds were satisfactorily detected, of which, to our knowledge, 24 were not previously reported in P. oceanica, such as naringenin, naringenin chalcone and pinocembrin, among others. Information here reported could be used for the evaluation of new stressor-specific biomarkers of coastal deterioration in the Mediterranean waters. Furthermore, the followed extraction and analytical method could be considered as a reference protocol in other studies on marine seagrasses due to the exhaustive search and satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Astudillo-Pascual
- Department of Biology and Geology, International Campus of Excellence in Marine Science (CEIMAR), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Irene Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería, E-04120 Almeria, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro A. Aguilera
- Department of Biology and Geology, International Campus of Excellence in Marine Science (CEIMAR), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería, E-04120 Almeria, Spain;
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19
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Belarbi S, Vivier M, Zaghouani W, Sloovere AD, Agasse-Peulon V, Cardinael P. Comparison of new approach of GC-HRMS (Q-Orbitrap) to GC-MS/MS (triple-quadrupole) in analyzing the pesticide residues and contaminants in complex food matrices. Food Chem 2021; 359:129932. [PMID: 33945988 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Performances of multiresidue analysis of one hundred of pesticides and contaminants, using GC-Q-Orbitrap method in full scan mode were compared to those obtained with GC-triple-quadrupole method in multiple reaction monitoring mode. In terms of sensitivity, 86% of molecules exhibited lower limit of detection values using GC-Q-Orbitrap than using GC-triple-quadrupole. For the GC-Q-Orbitrap method, more than 85% of the pesticides and contaminants showed good recovery [70-120%] in wheat samples, with relative standard deviation values < 20%. GC-Q-Orbitrap method appeared the most sensitive for most pesticides studied in wheat with limit of quantification values ranged between 0.1 µg/kg and 4 µg/kg. Moreover, the matrix effect was acceptable in wheat extracts for 84 molecules but strong suppression of the chromatographic signal was observed for 16 molecules for the GC-Q-Orbitrap method. The injection of unpurified wheat extracts spiked at 10 µg/kg proved the potential of the GC-Q-Orbitrap method for use in performing high-throughput pesticide screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Belarbi
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, UNIROUEN, FR3038, Place Emile Blondel, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France; SGS France laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, Saint Etienne du Rouvray F-76801 Cedex, France
| | - Martin Vivier
- SGS France laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, Saint Etienne du Rouvray F-76801 Cedex, France
| | - Wafa Zaghouani
- SGS France laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, Saint Etienne du Rouvray F-76801 Cedex, France
| | - Aude De Sloovere
- SGS France laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, Saint Etienne du Rouvray F-76801 Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Agasse-Peulon
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, UNIROUEN, FR3038, Place Emile Blondel, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Cardinael
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, UNIROUEN, FR3038, Place Emile Blondel, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
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20
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Design of Hybrid PAH Nanoadsorbents by Surface Functionalization of ZrO 2 Nanoparticles with Phosphonic Acids. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040952. [PMID: 33917895 PMCID: PMC8068232 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the preparation of innovative nanocomposite materials based on surface modification of commercial nano-ZrO2 optimized from Brønsted acid-base surface reactions. This surface modification was carried out by direct grafting of suitable phosphonic acids bearing a vinylic or phenylic substituent in aqueous solution. Different loading quantities of the anchoring organophosphorus compounds were applied for each materials synthesis. The resulting nanohybrids were thoroughly characterized by infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), demonstrating the reliability and efficient tunability of the surface functionalization based on the starting Zr/P ratio. Our nanocomposite materials exhibited a high specific surface area as well as complex porosity networks with well-defined meso-pore. The as-prepared materials were investigated for the adsorption of a mixture of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at 200 ng·mL-1 in an aqueous solution. Adsorption kinetics experiments of each individual material were carried out on the prepared PAHs standard solution for a contact time of up to 6 h. Pretreatments of the adsorption test samples were performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE), and the resulting samples were analyzed using an ultrasensitive GC-orbitrap-MS system. The pseudo-first-order and the pseudo-second-order models were used to determine the kinetic data. The adsorption kinetics were best described and fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The correlation between the nature of the substituent (vinylic or phenylic) and the parameters characterizing the adsorption process were found. In addition, an increase of PAHs adsorption rates with phosphonic acid loading was observed.
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21
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Mazur DM, Detenchuk EA, Sosnova AA, Artaev VB, Lebedev AT. GC-HRMS with Complementary Ionization Techniques for Target and Non-target Screening for Chemical Exposure: Expanding the Insights of the Air Pollution Markers in Moscow Snow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:144506. [PMID: 33360203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure assessment is an important step in establishing a list of local priority pollutants and finding the sources of the threats for proposing appropriate protection measures. Exposome targeted and non-targeted analysis as well as suspect screening may be applied to reveal these pollutants. The non-targeted screening is a challenging task and requires the application of the most powerful analytical tools available, assuring wide analytical coverage, sensitivity, identification reliability, and quantitation. Moscow, Russia, is the largest and most rapidly growing European city. That rapid growth is causing changes in the environment which require periodic clarification of the real environmental situation regarding the presence of the classic pollutants and possible new contaminants. Gas chromatography - high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HR-TOFMS) with electron ionization (EI), positive chemical ionization (PCI), and electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) ion sources were used for the analysis of Moscow snow samples collected in the early spring of 2018 in nine different locations. Collection of snow samples represents an efficient approach for the estimation of long-term air pollution, due to accumulation and preservation of environmental contaminants by snow during winter period. The high separation power of GC, complementary ionization methods, high mass accuracy, and wide mass range of TOFMS allowed for the identification of several hundred organic compounds belonging to the various classes of pollutants, exposure to which could represent a danger to the health of the population. Although quantitative analysis was not a primary aim of the study, targeted analysis revealed that some priority pollutants exceeded the established safe levels. Thus, dibutylphthalate concentration was over 10-fold higher than its safe level (0.001 mg/L), while benz[a]pyrene concentration exceeded Russian maximal permissible concentration value of 5 ng/L in three samples. The large amount of information generated during the combination of targeted and non-targeted analysis and screening samples for suspects makes it feasible to apply the big data analysis to observe the trends and tendencies in the pollution exposome across the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Mazur
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - E A Detenchuk
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A A Sosnova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V B Artaev
- LECO Corporation, 3000 Lakeview Avenue, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
| | - A T Lebedev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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