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Duan T, Wang J, Guo Y, Liu W, Wu Q, Wang C, Wang Z. Preparation of a magnetic phosphazene-based hyper crosslinked polymer for the fast and efficient extraction of chlorophenols from water and peach juice. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464385. [PMID: 37734239 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Two magnetic phosphazene-based hyper crosslinked polymers (M-HCP-OP-TMC and M-HCP-OP-TCL) were newly synthesized by the reaction of Friedel-Crafts acylation, and the M-HCP-OP-TMC showed an excellent extraction capability and rapid adsorption kinetics for chlorophenols as an adsorbent. Then, an efficient analytical method was built for the preconcentration and quantification of chlorophenols from water and peach juice samples by combining M-HCP-OP-TMC based magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) with HPLC-UV detection. The linear response range for the chlorophenols by the method was 0.21-100.0 ng mL-1 for water sample, and 0.36-100.0 ng mL-1 for peach juice sample. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of the proposed method for the analytes were 0.07- 0.25 ng mL-1 and 0.12-0.45 ng mL-1 for water and peach juice samples, respectively. The method recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 93.1%-117.1%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 10%. The adsorption of the chlorophenols with the M-HCP-OP-TMC was mainly contributed by π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. The results indicate that the method was sensitive and accurate enough for the determination of the chlorophenols from real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yaxing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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2
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Liu Z, Wang J, Yang X, Wu Q, Wang Z, Yan H. Green construction of hydroxyl-functionalized magnetic porous organic framework for effective extraction of triazine herbicides from environmental water and watermelon juice samples. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1260:341222. [PMID: 37121655 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Triazine herbicides have been widely detected in water resources and food, which poses a potential hazard to both ecosystem and human health. Due to their high polarity, conventional adsorbents have limitations for their extractions. Herein, for the effective magnetic extraction of triazine herbicides, a novel and effective magnetic adsorbent was prepared with a satisfactory extraction performance. In the experiments, five porous organic frameworks (POFs) with hydroxyl functional groups were synthesized by diazo-coupling reactions in aqueous solution with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a green monomer. After evaluation of the five POFs, the DDM-CD-POF, which was synthesized with 4'4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and β-CD, showed the largest specific surface area and the best adsorption capacity for the five triazine herbicides. Then, it was magnetized by introducing Fe3O4@SiO2 into it to prepare a magnetic adsorbent (M-DDM-CD-POF) to facilitate separation and recycling. Finally, the M-DDM-CD-POF-based magnetic solid-phase extraction in combination with high performance liquid chromatographic detection method was established for the quantitative determination of the triazine herbicides in environmental water and watermelon juice samples. The current strategy showed low limits of detection of 0.03-0.11 ng mL-1 for environmental water and 0.07-0.22 ng mL-1 for watermelon juice sample. The method recoveries for spiked samples ranged from 84.0% to 113.0% with the relative standard deviations ≤8.8%. This work provides a new approach for the detection of the triazine herbicides with good application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xiumin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Palumbo L, Fiorito S, Epifano F, Sharifi-Rad M, Genovese S, Collevecchio C. Solid-phase adsorption methodologies of naturally occurring anthraquinones: A review. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:153-162. [PMID: 36606362 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solid-phase extraction applied to plant matrices is nowadays a well-validated technique allowing to concentrate and purify different secondary metabolites. Several classes of phytochemicals have been selectively extracted by this methodology. During the last decade attention has been focused on biologically active anthraquinones from numerous sources like edible, healthy, and medicinal plants. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to provide a detailed literature survey of the solid-phase adsorption methodologies for the extraction of natural anthraquinones reported so far and to discuss and propose future directions in this field of research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Substructure search was performed in the SciFinder Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases. RESULTS The first report about application of solid-phase adsorption for the purification of anthraquinones appeared in the literature in 2002. From this date, and in particular during recent years, the most notable examples included the use of chitin- and chitosan-based polymers, of molecularly imprinted polymers, of coated magnetic nanoparticles, of miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion, of functionalized resins, of differently structured lamellar solids, and finally of vortex-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion. CONCLUSIONS The herein detailed solid-phase adsorption methodologies are powerful tools to selectively extract natural anthraquinones and/or provide anthraquinone-enriched phytopreparations. Nevertheless, many other important methods have been applied to synthetic anthraquinones (e.g., azo dyes). These could be conveniently employed also for natural anthranoids. Studies in this field are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Palumbo
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Serena Fiorito
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Majid Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Chiara Collevecchio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
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4
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Nie X, Zhao Y, Gao W, Liu W, Cheng X, Gao Y, Shang N, Gao S, Wang C. Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers Toward Amines Oxidation Coupled with H 2 O 2 Generation through Extending Monomer's Conjugation Degree. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203607. [PMID: 36482168 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven amines oxidation coupled with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) generation is a promising way to convert solar energy to chemical energy. Herein, a series of hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) photocatalysts with different arenes monomers, including benzene (BE), diphenyl (DP), p-terphenyl (TP), or p-quaterphenyl (QP), were synthesized by simple Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. Owing to the maximum monomer's conjunction degree and excellent oxygen (O2 ) adsorption capacity, QP-HCPs exhibited highest photocatalytic activity for benzylamine oxidation coupled with H2 O2 generation under the irradiation of 455 nm Blue LED lamp. More than 99 % of benzylamine could be converted to N-benzylidenebenzylamine within 60 min. In addition, nearly stoichiometric H2 O2 was synchronously obtained with a high production rate of 9.3 mmol gcat -1 h-1 . Our work not only demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of HCPs photocatalysts significantly depends on monomer's conjunction degree, but also provided a new strategy for converting solar energy to chemical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Nie
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Liu
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P.R. China
| | - Ningzhao Shang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Shutao Gao
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
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5
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Ma S, He Z, Teng Q, Wang R. One-pot synthesis of magnetic sulfonated covalent organic polymer for extraction of protoberberine alkaloids in herbs and human plasma. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200613. [PMID: 36446729 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel magnetic sulfonated covalent organic polymer was prepared for magnetic solid-phase extraction of protoberberine alkaloids. The magnetic sulfonated covalent organic polymer was rapidly synthesized under mild conditions. The physicochemical properties of the prepared materials were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Several extraction parameters were systematically investigated, including desorption time, pH of sample solution, acetonitrile content, acetic acid content in the eluent, extraction time, and sample volume. By coupling magnetic solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography, an efficient and sensitive method for the extraction and determination of protoberberine alkaloids in complex samples was developed. The proposed method showed great linearity (r > 0.9989), low limits of detection (0.2-0.3 ng/ml), and high precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 5.74%). The proposed method was further applied to the analysis of protoberberine alkaloids in Cortex phellodendri and human plasma samples. The recoveries were 91.50%-110.31% with relative standard deviations less than 6.63% in Cortex phellodendri and 96.12%-111.20% with relative standard deviations lower than 5.56% in plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfu He
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxiu Teng
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
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6
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Chen J, Wang X, Fan K, Luo P, Peng H, Peng J. Preparation of spherical silica hydroxyl-functionalized covalent organic polymer composites for mixed-mode liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200637. [PMID: 36377530 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic polymers are an emerging class of amorphous microporous materials that have raised increasing concerns in analytical chemistry due to their unique structural and surface chemical properties. However, the application of covalent organic polymers as mixed-mode stationary phases in chromatographic separations has rarely been reported. Herein, novel spherical silica hydroxyl-functionalized covalent organic polymer composites were successfully prepared via a layer-by-layer approach. The structure and morphology of the materials were carefully characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and contact angle measurements. Baseline separations of various alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nucleosides and bases were achieved on the prepared stationary phase under reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction mode. The column efficiencies of 23 853 and 36 580 plates/m were obtained for butylbenzene and uracil, respectively, and the relative standard deviation of the retention time for continuous injections was less than 1.38% (n = 10), suggesting satisfactory column efficiency and repeatability. Additionally, this novel stationary phase realized the complete separation of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals in river water. This work affords a new route for synthesizing covalent organic polymers-based mixed-mode stationary phase and further reveals their great potential in chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China.,Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Kun Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Pan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Huanjun Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Jingdong Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
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7
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Jin R, Liu G, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Lin B, Liu Y, Qi Z, Zheng M. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives in environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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8
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Carbonized MXene-polyvinylpyrrolidone as an adsorbent for solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from tea beverages prior to GC analysis. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Yang Q, Zhang S, Chang G, Zang X, Wang C, Wang Z. Covalent triazine-based frameworks for efficient solid-phase microextraction of phthalic acid esters from food-contacted plastics. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463474. [PMID: 36088777 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to various health threats associated with phthalic acid esters (PAEs), this category of endocrine-disrupting compounds has attracted more and more public scrutiny. However, the efficient preconcentration of PAEs from complex food-contacted plastics still remains challenging. Herein, three covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) were constructed by facile Friedel-Crafts reactions of cyanuric chloride (CC), with triptycene (TPC), fluorene (FL) and 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB), respectively. Three CTFs were then employed as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coatings for the extraction of PAEs. Benefiting from the large surface area and high pore volume, the newly-synthesized CC-TPC based SPME method exhibited large enrichment factors (978-2210), low limits of detection (0.027-0.10 ng g - 1), satisfactory linear ranges (0.09-20 ng g - 1), acceptable repeatabilities (4.3-9.6%) and high relative recoveries (92.0-104.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001 Hebei, PR. China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001 Hebei, PR. China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002 Hebei, PR. China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001 Hebei, PR. China.
| | - Guifen Chang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001 Hebei, PR. China
| | - Xiaohuan Zang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001 Hebei, PR. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001 Hebei, PR. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001 Hebei, PR. China.
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10
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A critical review of covalent organic frameworks-based sorbents in extraction methods. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1224:340207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Han M, Kong J, Wang Y, Huang W, Zuo G, Zhu F, He H, Sun C, Xian Q. ZIF-8/h-BN coated solid-phase microextraction fiber via physical coating technology and sol-gel technology for the determination of nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Liu Z, Wang J, Guo Y, Liu W, Yang X, Wu Q, Wang Z. Sensitive determination of auxins in environmental water and peach beverage by hyper crosslinked polymer-based solid-phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463345. [PMID: 35872538 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As plant regulators, auxins can promote plant growth. However, they have toxicity and may cause harm to humans. Due to their low concentrations in food sample matrices, the enrichment and analysis of trace auxins in food samples is a challenging work. In this work, a series of hyper crosslinked polymers (HCPs) were synthesized by Friedel-Crafts acylation to extract four auxins (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and 1-naphthylacetic acid). Among these HCPs, the QP-TC-HCP, synthesized from p-quaterphenyl (QP) and terephthaloyl chloride (TC), showed the best adsorption performance for the auxins. It was then applied as the adsorbent for the solid-phase extraction of the auxins from environmental water and peach beverage samples, followed by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection were 3.0-12.0 pg mL-1 for environmental water and 18.0-36.0 pg mL-1 for peach beverage sample. The method recoveries of the auxins for the spiked samples were in the range of 85.0-110.0%. The established method provided an alternative approach for the determination of auxins in food samples. In addition, different types of organic compounds were tested for the extraction by the QP-TC-HCP to assess its application potential and adsorption mechanism. It was concluded that the QP-TC-HCP had better extraction performance for the compounds with certain hydrophilicity and more hydrogen bonding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yaxing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China; Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xiumin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China; Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China; Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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13
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Wang H, Yang M, Wang D, Li K, Wang S, Liu H. Ionic liquid-functionalized poly- N-phenylpyrrole coated on a NiTi alloy substrate for highly efficient solid-phase microextraction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TiO2–NiO composite nanoflakes were in situ grown, followed by electrochemical polymerization of [C4MIM]PF6@PPPy as a fiber coating for solid phase microextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiju Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
- Key Lab of Resource Chemistry & Environmental Protection of Qinhai, Xining 810007, China
| | - Minghong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Kang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Shoujia Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Hailan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
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14
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Chang G, Li J, Yang X, Zhang S, Zang X, Wang C, Wang Z. Triazine-based covalent organic polymer: A promising coating for solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3608-3617. [PMID: 34329505 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advancement of novel coating materials for solid-phase microextraction is highly needed for sample pretreatment. Herein, a triazine-based covalent organic polymer was constructed from the monomers of cyanuric chloride and trans-stilbene via the Friedel-Crafts reaction and thereafter used as a solid-phase microextraction fiber coating for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives. The newly-developed solid-phase microextraction method coupled with gas chromatography/flame ionization detection gives enhancement factors of 548-1236 and limits of detection of 0.40-2.81 ng/L for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives. The one fiber precision for five replicate determinations of the analytes and the fiber-to-fiber precision with three parallel prepared fibers, expressed as relative standard deviations, was in the range of 4.6-9.4% and 6.2-10.9%, respectively. The relative recoveries of the analytes for environmental water samples were in the range of 88.6-106.4% with the relative standard deviations ranging from 4.0 to 11.7% (n = 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Guifen Chang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Xiumin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Zang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
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15
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Li J, Zhao B, Guo L, Wang Z, Wang C, Wang Z, Zhang S, Wu Q. Synthesis of hypercrosslinked polymers for efficient solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462428. [PMID: 34329956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three novel hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) were synthesized via Friedel-Crafts reaction employing 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene as alkylating agent, and triphenylbenzene, tetraphenylethylene and p-quaterphenyl as the aromatic units, respectively. The prepared HCPs were applied as solid-phase microextraction coatings for direct immersion extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives in environmental water samples. The key factors affecting the extraction efficiency including extraction time, extraction temperature, stirring rate, ionic strength and desorption conditions, were carefully studied. Coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, a new method for determining PAHs and their derivatives was developed. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (S/N=3) and limits of quantitation (the lowest concentration for quantification) of the method were in the range of 2.5-25.0 and 7.5-75.0 ng L-1, respectively. The recoveries of spiked samples were in the range of 73.1-118.3% with relative standard deviations less than 13.0%. The developed method was applied for the simultaneous determination of nine PAHs and their derivatives in environmental water samples, showing good accuracy and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Li
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Liying Guo
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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[Synthesis and application progress of covalent organic polymers in sample preparation for food safety analysis]. Se Pu 2021; 39:162-172. [PMID: 34227349 PMCID: PMC9274845 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.08013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
食品安全关系身体健康和生命安全,是全球关注的热点之一。食品基质复杂,痕量有毒有害物质分析之前必须经过有效的前处理。目前发展的前处理技术如固相萃取、磁固相萃取、固相微萃取等,其关键是吸附介质。共价有机聚合物是一类通过共价键连接而成的有机多孔材料,具有质轻、稳定性好、比表面积大、结构可控、易于修饰等特性,是一类优异的新型吸附材料。该文综述了近年来共价有机聚合物(COPs)在食品安全分析前处理中的应用进展。共价有机聚合物及其功能化复合材料通过简单的装填、聚合反应或化学键合固定到小柱或毛细管柱中用作固相萃取的吸附介质;通过一锅法、原位还原法、原位生长法或共沉淀法生成具有磁性的固相萃取吸附介质;或者通过物理涂覆、化学键合、溶胶凝胶法及原位生长法制备固相微萃取纤维。基于以上高吸附容量共价有机聚合物的样品前处理技术,食品中农残兽残、添加剂、环境污染物及生物毒素等得到了有效富集。最后,展望了COPs在食品分析样品前处理应用中的发展方向:简单高效绿色制备方法的开发,功能化COPs的设计合成;萃取机理的研究;高通量、高灵敏度分析方法研究。这些研究将促进COPs在样品前处理领域获得更广泛的应用。
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Feng J, Feng J, Han S, Ji X, Li C, Sun M. Triazine-based covalent porous organic polymer for the online in-tube solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:462004. [PMID: 33640808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A triazine-based covalent organic porous polymer (COP) was synthesized from the monomers 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and tricyanogen chloride via the Friedel-Crafts reaction and characterized in detail using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, which confirmed that the COP had a rough surface and suitable extraction site. It was then employed in in-tube solid-phase microextraction combined with a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. The COP adsorbent was evaluated with different types of analyte, including estrogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and plasticizers. The COP produced its best performance with PAHs. In order to obtain the highest extraction efficiency for PAHs, the main influential factors were optimized. Furthermore, a sensitive analytical method was established with the limits of detection of 0.004-0.010 µg L-1, high enrichment factor of 1110-2763, and wide linear ranges (0.013-20.0 µg L-1, 0.016-20.0 µg L-1 and 0.033-20.0 µg L-1). The relative standard deviation in intra-day and inter-day tests was also controlled to be within 0.3-3.1%. The proposed method was employed in the online detection of trace PAHs in real water samples, with satisfactory results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Sen Han
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xiangping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
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Application of Covalent Organic Porous Polymers-Functionalized Basalt Fibers for in-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245788. [PMID: 33302544 PMCID: PMC7763957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish an online analytical method towards estrogenic pollutants, a covalent organic porous polymer (COP) was in-situ synthesized on the surface of basalt fibers (BFs) for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME). The extraction tube, obtained via placing the modified BFs into a polyetheretherketone tube, was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to achieve online IT-SPME-HPLC analysis. The important parameters, including sampling volume, sampling rate, organic solvent content and desorption time, were carefully investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the online analytical method was established for five estrogenic targets, with low limits of detection (0.001–0.005 μg/L), high enrichment factors (1800–2493), wide linear ranges (0.003–20, 0.015–20 μg/L) and satisfactory repeatability. It was successfully applied to detect five estrogens in a wastewater sample and a water sample in a polycarbonate cup. The BFs functionalized with COPs displayed excellent extraction effect for estrogenic pollutants, furthermore it has great potential in sample preparation or other fields.
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