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Li X, Zhong Y, Li J, Lin Z, Pei Y, Dai S, Sun F. Rapid identification and determination of adulteration in medicinal Arnebiae Radix by combining near infrared spectroscopy with chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 318:124437. [PMID: 38772180 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The medicinal Arnebia Radix (AR) is one of widely-used Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), usually adulterated with non-medicinal species that seriously compromise the quality of AR and affect patients' health. Detection of these adulterants is usually performed by using expensive and time-consuming analytical instruments. In this study, a rapid, non-destructive, and effective method was proposed to identify and determine the adulteration in the medicinal AR by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. 37 batches of medicinal AR samples originated from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst., 11 batches of non-medicinal AR samples including Onosma paniculatum Bur. et Franch and Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex G. Don) Johnston, and 72 batches of adulterated AR samples were characterized by NIR spectroscopy. The data driven-soft independent modeling by class analogy (DD-SIMCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were separately used to differentiate the authentic from adulterated AR samples. Then the PLS and support vector machine (SVM) were applied to predict the concentration of the adulteration in the adulterated AR samples, respectively. As a result, the classification accuracies of DD-SIMCA and PLS-DA models were 100% for the calibration set, and 96.7% vs. 100% for the prediction set. Moreover, the relative prediction deviation (RPD) values of PLS models reached 11.38 and 7.75 for quantifying two adulterants species, which were obviously superior to the SVM models. It can be concluded that the NIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics is feasible to identify the authentic from adulterated AR samples and quantify the adulteration in adulterated AR samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhou Lin
- Beijing Zhongyan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Pei
- Hebei Xinminhe Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Hebei, China
| | - Shengyun Dai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Han C, Zhang Z, Feng Z, Zhai C, Li X, Shi Y, Li X, Li M, Wang Y, Luo G, Gao X. The "depict" strategy for discovering new compounds in complex matrices: Lycibarbarspermidines as a case. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:416-426. [PMID: 38618244 PMCID: PMC11010613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive detection and identification of active ingredients in complex matrices is a crucial challenge. Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is the most prominent analytical platform for the exploration of novel active compounds from complex matrices. However, the LC-HRMS-based analysis workflow suffers from several bottleneck issues, such as trace content of target compounds, limited acquisition for fragment information, and uncertainty in interpreting relevant MS2 spectra. Lycibarbarspermidines are vital antioxidant active ingredients in Lycii Fructus, while the reported structures are merely focused on dicaffeoylspermidines due to their low content. To comprehensively detect the new structures of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives, a "depict" strategy was developed in this study. First, potential new lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were designed according to the biosynthetic pathway, and a comprehensive database was established, which enlarged the coverage of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives. Second, the polarity-oriented sample preparation of potential new compounds increased the concentration of the target compounds. Third, the construction of the molecular network based on the fragmentation pathway of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives broadened the comprehensiveness of identification. Finally, the weak response signals were captured by data-dependent scanning (DDA) followed by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), and the efficiency of acquiring MS2 fragment ions of target compounds was significantly improved. Based on the integrated strategy above, 210 lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were detected and identified from Lycii Fructus, and in particular, 170 potential new compounds were structurally characterized. The integrated strategy improved the sensitivity of detection and the coverage of low-response components, and it is expected to be a promising pipeline for discovering new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiyang Feng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chuanjia Zhai
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yulian Shi
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Gan Luo
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
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Wang L, Fan Z, Ma S, Wu S, Ma C, Zeng H, Xu X, Ma Q, Ye J. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based metabolite profiling and quality marker constituents screening of root, stem and rhizome extracts of Ilex asprella. Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105832. [PMID: 38280682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The root of Ilex asprella (RIA) is a popular plant resource for treating inflammation-related diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the secondary metabolites, to compare anti-inflammatory effects and to determine the quality marker components among root, stem and rhizome sections of IA. METHODS Chemical fingerprints of stem, root and rhizome of IA was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A reliable method using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was established for comprehensively determining the chemical constituents of the plants. Anti-inflammatory activities of IA and its ingredients were screened by in vivo mouse ear swelling and in vitro LPS-induced release of NO from RAW264.7 cells experiments. RESULTS Root, stem and rhizome of IA have shown high similarity in chemical fingerprints. Totally 149 compounds were characterized in IA, including triterpenoids, triterpenoid saponins, phenolic acids and lignans. 44 of them were identified based on co-occurring Mass2Motifs, including 19 unreported ones, whilst 17 were tentatively confirmed by comparison with reference compounds. No significant anti-inflammatory activity difference among root, stem and rhizome parts of IA was found. Ilexsaponin B2, protocatechualdehyde, isochlorogenic acid B and quinic acid, were screened out as quality marker compounds in IA. CONCLUSION A sensitive and rapid strategy was established to evaluate the differences on secondary metabolites of different parts of IA for the first time, and this study may contribute to the quality evaluation of medicinal herbs and provide theoretically data support for further analysis of different parts of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Zhechen Fan
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Siyi Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shiyu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Huawu Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Ma
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical and Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, China
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Sha F, Zhang J, Yang H, Hu Y, Wei W, Wang C, Li X, Shen X, An Y, Li J, Guo D. Systematical targeted multicomponent characterization and comparison of Arnebiae Radix and its three confusing species by offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography/LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:583-595. [PMID: 38062195 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Arnebiae Radix, commonly known as "Zicao," can be easily confused with other compounding species, posing challenges for its clinical use. Here, we developed a comprehensive strategy to systematically characterize the diverse components across Arnebiae Radix and its three confusing species. First, an offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system integrating hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and reverse phase (RP) separations was established, enabling effective separation and detection of more trace constituents. Second, a polygonal mass defect filtering (MDF) workflow was implemented to screen target ions and generate a precursor ion list (PIL) to guide multistage mass (MSn) data acquisition. Third, a three-step characterization strategy utilizing diagnostic ions and neutral losses was developed for rapid determination of molecular formulas, structure classes, and compound identification. This approach enabled systematic characterization of Arnebiae Radix and its three confusing species, with 437 components characterized including 112 shikonins, 22 shikonfurans, 144 phenolic acids, 131 glycosides, 18 flavonoids, and 10 other compounds. Additionally, 361, 230, 340, and 328 components were identified from RZC, YZC, DZC, and ZZC, respectively, with 142 common components and 30 characteristic components that may serve as potential markers for distinguishing the four species. In summary, this is the first comprehensive characterization and comparison of the phytochemical profiles of Arnebiae Radix and its three confusing species, advancing our understanding of this herbal medicine for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sha
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Haike Road 501, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huanya Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Haike Road 501, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Haike Road 501, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Haike Road 501, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuanjing Shen
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Haike Road 501, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yaling An
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Haike Road 501, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Haike Road 501, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dean Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Haike Road 501, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Li X, Wu M, Ding H, Li W, Yin J, Lin R, Wu X, Han L, Yang W, Bie S, Li F, Song X, Yu H, Dong Z, Li Z. Integration of non-targeted multicomponent profiling, targeted characteristic chromatograms and quantitative to accomplish systematic quality evaluation strategy of Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi oral liquid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115715. [PMID: 37769526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi oral liquid (HXZQOL) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, with the pharmacologic effects of antiinflammatory, immune protection and gastrointestinal motility regulation. More significantly, HXZQOL is recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, and it has been clinically proven to reduce the inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19. However, the effective and overall quality control of HXZQOL is currently limited due to its complex composition, especially the large amount of volatile and non-volatile active components involved. In this study, aimed to fully develop a comprehensive strategy based on non-targeted multicomponent identification, targeted authentication and quantitative analysis for quality evaluation of HXZQOL from different batches. Firstly, the non-targeted high-definition MSE (HDMSE) approach is established based on UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS, utilized for multicomponent comprehensive characterization of HXZQOL. Combined with in house library-driven automated peak annotation and comparison of 47 reference compounds, 195 components were initially identified. In addition, HS-SPME-GC-MS was employed to analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in HXZQOL, and a total of 61 components were identified by comparison to the NIST database, reference compounds as well as retention indices. Secondly, based on the selective ion monitoring (SIM) of 24 "identity markers" (involving each herbal medicine), characteristic chromatograms (CCs) were established on LC-MS and GC-MS respectively, to authenticate 15 batches of HXZQOL samples. The targeted-SIM CCs showed that all marker compounds in 15 batches of samples could be accurately monitored, which could indicate preparations authenticity. Finally, a parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) method was established and validated to quantify the nine compounds in 15 batches of HXZQOL. Conclusively, this study first reports chemical-material basis, SIM CCs and quality evaluation of HXZQOL, which is of great implication to quality control and ensuring the authenticity of the preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mengfan Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ruimei Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinlong Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Songtao Bie
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fangyi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinbo Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Ziliang Dong
- Chongqing Taiji Industry (Group) Co.,Ltd., 408000, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Du Z, Zhao X, Sun L, Chi B, Ma Z, Tian Z, Liu Y. Untargeted lipidomics-based study reveals the treatment mechanism of Qingxue Bawei tablets on atherosclerotic in ApoE -/- mice. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123889. [PMID: 37738809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Qingxue Bawei (QXBW) tablets, a Mongolian medicine prescription, have proved to possess good lipid-lowering and antihypertensive effects in previous studies. However, the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of QXBW tablets on atherosclerosis (AS) have not been well studied yet. This study aimed to investigate the potential liver-protective mechanism of QXBW tablets on AS mice by hepatic lipidomics analysis. After 10 weeks of administration, serum and liver were collected for biochemical, histopathological, and lipid metabolomics analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the QXBW tablets on high-fat diet (HFD) induced mice. The experimental results indicated that QXBW tablets could ameliorate liver injury and inflammatory response in AS mice. Liver lipid data from different groups of mice were collected by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, and a total of 22 potential biomarkers with significant differences between the model and control groups were identified finally, of which 16 potential biomarkers were back-regulated after the QXBW tablets intervention. These 22 potential differential metabolic markers were mainly involved in glycerolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cholesterol ester metabolism pathways. The results of this study showed that serum inflammatory factors, liver function indices, and lipid metabolism disorders were positively alleviated in AS mice after QXBW tablets treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Du
- Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Pharmacy Department of Boshan District Hospital, Zibo City, Shandong Province, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Luping Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Bingqing Chi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yuecheng Liu
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
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7
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Chen Y, Tang L, Wu M, Shu L, Xu Y, Yao Y, Li Y. A practical method for rapid discrimination of constituents in Psoraleae Fructus by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2023; 58:e4966. [PMID: 37464553 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Psoraleae Fructus (PF) is one of the most frequently used traditional Chinese medicine, which has good efficacy in warming kidney to activate yang, promoting inspiration to relieve asthma and warming spleen to stop diarrhea. However, the chemical composition of PF is complex, which makes it difficult to determine its active and toxic components. In order to rapidly classify and identify the chemical components of the extracts from PF, this research was processed with CNKI, PubMed, and PubChem databases and data post-processing technique basing on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS) technique. Finally, 73 chemical components were discriminated, including 44 flavonoids, 18 coumarins, and 11 terpenoids, with the cleavage rules of each chemical component summarized. This study established a UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS method for the separation and discrimination of the chemical constituents of PF, which can lay a foundation for the further study of its medicinal substances and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Luhuan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengru Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lexin Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqi Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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8
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Du Z, Wang H, Li X, Dong M, Chi B, Tian Z, Wang Z, Jiang H. Rapid screening and characterization of 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones in agarwood by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. Food Chem 2023; 424:136400. [PMID: 37236079 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop an improved comprehensive data filtering strategy, which was implemented primarily through the Microsoft Office platform's Excel software for rapid screening of potential 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (PEC) monomers and their dimers (PEC dimers) obtained from agarwood. A total of 108 PEC monomers and 30 PEC dimers in agarwood were characterized. In conclusion, the results obtained in this work could provide useful information for the future utilization of agarwood. In particular, it is the first time to conduct an in-depth analysis of the MS/MS fragmentation behavior of a large number of PEC monomers and PEC dimers, including the identification of substituent positions of them. The proposed data filtering strategy could improve the comprehensive characterization efficiency of complex components in spices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Du
- Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Huanjun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xueling Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Meiyue Dong
- Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Bingqing Chi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Jinan 250355, China; State Key Laboratory, State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Province Cardiovascular Disease TCM Precision Treatment Engineering Laboratory, China.
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9
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Ding M, Jiang Y, Gao W, Li M, Chen L, Yang H, Li P. Characterization and quantification of chemical constituents in Angong Niuhuang Pill using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115309. [PMID: 36841067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Material basis researches and quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations (TCMPs) face great challenges due to the complex composition and abundant unexpected interference. Angong Niuhuang Pill (ANP), one of the most famous TCMPs in China, containing 11 crude drugs has been commonly used for the treatment of febrile diseases. However, previous literatures of comprehensive chemical constituents in ANP were still limited. Herein, Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-IM-QTOF MS) method was established to effectively recognize the chemicals in Angong Niuhuang Pill (ANP). A total of 205 compounds, containing 72 confirmed with reference standards, were characterized from ANP with the application of a systematic strategy integrated polygonal mass defect filtering (MDF) and diagnostic fragment ion filtering (DFIF)/neutral loss filtering (NLF). Additionally, 68 major constituents in 8 batches of ANP samples were simultaneously determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ MS/MS) within 40 min. The quantitative method was validated regarding linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and accuracy. These findings proved the established liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was efficient and dependable for qualitative and quantitative chemical profiling of ANP. Besides, this research could provide the material basis for further pharmacological researches and quality control of ANP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
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10
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Zhao N, Li Z, Li Y, Liu G, Deng X, Ma Q, Hong C, Sun S. Rapid Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Arnebiae Radix by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) with Partial Least Squares—Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2096627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Youping Li
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Gaixia Liu
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiling Deng
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Ma
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chenglin Hong
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
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11
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Chemical comparison of Astragali Radix by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS with different growing patterns. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Sun J, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang R, Liu K, Li E, Qiao P, Shi L, Dong W, Huang L, Guo L. Phylogenomics and Genetic Diversity of Arnebiae Radix and Its Allies ( Arnebia, Boraginaceae) in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920826. [PMID: 35755641 PMCID: PMC9218939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arnebiae Radix is a traditional medicine with pleiotropic properties that has been used for several 100 years. There are five species of Arnebia in China, and the two species Arnebia euchroma and Arnebia guttata are the source plants of Arnebiae Radix according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Molecular markers that permit species identification and facilitate studies of the genetic diversity and divergence of the wild populations of these two source plants have not yet been developed. Here, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of 56 samples of five Arnebia species using genome skimming methods. The Arnebia chloroplast genomes exhibited quadripartite structures with lengths from 149,539 and 152,040 bp. Three variable markers (rps16-trnQ, ndhF-rpl32, and ycf1b) were identified, and these markers exhibited more variable sites than universal chloroplast markers. The phylogenetic relationships among the five Arnebia species were completely resolved using the whole chloroplast genome sequences. Arnebia arose during the Oligocene and diversified in the middle Miocene; this coincided with two geological events during the late Oligocene and early Miocene: warming and the progressive uplift of Tianshan and the Himalayas. Our analyses revealed that A. euchroma and A. guttata have high levels of genetic diversity and comprise two and three subclades, respectively. The two clades of A. euchroma exhibited significant genetic differences and diverged at 10.18 Ma in the middle Miocene. Three clades of A. guttata diverged in the Pleistocene. The results provided new insight into evolutionary history of Arnebia species and promoted the conservation and exploitation of A. euchroma and A. guttata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangjia Liu
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Enze Li
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Qiao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpan Dong
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Kretschmer N, Durchschein C, Hufner A, Rinner B, Lohberger B, Bauer R. SK119, a Novel Shikonin Derivative, Leads to Apoptosis in Melanoma Cell Lines and Exhibits Synergistic Effects with Vemurafenib and Cobimetinib. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105684. [PMID: 35628494 PMCID: PMC9145845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a complex and heterogenous disease, displays the deadliest form of skin cancer, and accounts for approx. 80% of all skin cancer deaths. In this study, we reported on the synthesis and pharmacological effects of a novel shikonin derivative (SK119), which is active in a nano-molar range and exhibits several promising in vitro effects in different human melanoma cells. SK119 was synthesized from shikonin as part of our search for novel, promising shikonin derivatives. It was screened against a panel of melanoma and non-tumorigenic cell lines using XTT viability assays. Moreover, we studied its pharmacological effects using apoptosis and Western blot experiments. Finally, it was combined with current clinically used melanoma therapeutics. SK119 exhibited IC50 values in a nano-molar range, induced apoptosis and led to a dose-dependent increase in the expression and protein phosphorylation of HSP27 and HSP90 in WM9 and MUG-Mel 2 cells. Combinatorial treatment, which is highly recommended in melanoma, revealed the synergistic effects of SK119 with vemurafenib and cobimetinib. SK119 treatment changed the expression levels of apoptosis genes and death receptor expression and exhibited synergistic effects with vemurafenib and cobimetinib in human melanoma cells. Further research indicates a promising potential in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Beethovenstr. 8, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.K.); (C.D.); (R.B.)
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Christin Durchschein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Beethovenstr. 8, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.K.); (C.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Antje Hufner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Beethovenstr. 8, 8010 Graz, Austria; (N.K.); (C.D.); (R.B.)
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14
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Zhu L, Ma S, Li K, Xiong P, Qin S, Cai W. Systematic Screening of Chemical Constituents in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Arnebiae Radix by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:2631. [PMID: 35565981 PMCID: PMC9104353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arnebiae Radix (dried root of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst.) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat macular eruptions, measles, sore throat, carbuncles, burns, skin ulcers, and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that shikonins and shikonofurans are two of their main bioactive ingredients. However, systematic investigations of their constituents have rarely been conducted. It is necessary to establish a rapid and effective method to identify the chemical constituents of Arnebiae Radix. This will help to further improve the effective resource utilization rate of this plant. In this study, a rapid and effective UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry method was established to simultaneously analyze chemical ingredients in Arnebiae Radix within a short period of time. Based on the results of a full scan MS, the MS2 database (mzVault and mzCloud), the diagnostic fragment ions, the retention time, and the bibliography, a total of 188 compounds were identified, with 114 of those being reported from Arnebiae Radix for the first time. The results of this study lay the foundation for obtaining a thorough understanding of the active ingredients in Arnebiae Radix and its quality control. This method may be widely used for the chemical characterization of different samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhu
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.)
- Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (P.X.); (S.Q.)
| | - Shengjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Kailin Li
- Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (P.X.); (S.Q.)
| | - Pei Xiong
- Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (P.X.); (S.Q.)
| | - Shihan Qin
- Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (P.X.); (S.Q.)
| | - Wei Cai
- Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (P.X.); (S.Q.)
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15
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An in-house database-driven untargeted identification strategy for deep profiling of chemicalome in Chinese medicinal formula. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1666:462862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Li MN, Shen BQ, Lu X, Gao W, Wen SS, Zhang X, Yang H, Li P. An integrated two-step filtering strategy of collision cross-section interval predicting and mass defect filtering for targeted identification of analogues in herbal medicines using liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1657:462572. [PMID: 34601257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid identification of chemical analogues in herbal medicines using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was an efficient tool for discoveries of potentially active ingredients. Multi-dimensional combination of various separation technologies could significantly enhance the capacities for detection of trace components and discrimination of multiple isomers. In this study, an integrated two-step filtering strategy on liquid chromatography-ion mobility tandem with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IM-QTOF MS) was developed for identification of analogues in complex matrixes. The extracted raw data were preliminarily filtered by a collision-cross section (CCS) interval generated from power regression with confidence level at 99% for prediction of analogues. Then, the remained ions were further screened using a mass defect filtering (MDF) window based on m/z and decimal m/z of potential skeletons and substituents. By applying this strategy, 86, 102, 73, and 57 isoquinoline alkaloids were identified in herbal materials of Coptis chinensis Franch (CC), C. deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao (CD), C. teeta Wall (CT), and Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang (CY). The integrated two-step filtering presented higher efficiencies on exclusion of the background interference and reducing the false-positive rates than previously reported approaches. This study facilitated the application of LC-IM-MS on small molecular analysis and promoted the discoveries of bioactive components of herbal medicines for further pharmacological researches and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bing-Qing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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17
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Wang C, Pang X, Zhu T, Ma S, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Lan X, Wang T, Han L. Rapid discovery of potential ADR compounds from injection of total saponins from Panax notoginseng using data-independent acquisition untargeted metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:1081-1093. [PMID: 34697654 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Injection of total saponins from Panax notoginseng (ISPN) is a modern preparation derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is widely applied in the treatment of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, ophthalmology, and endocrine system diseases. With the increase in the clinical application of ISPN, its adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and related safety issues have attracted much attention. In the present study, a data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategy was proposed to comprehensively characterize the saponins contained in ISPN based on the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap MS (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS) platform. As many as 276 saponins were detected, and 250 compounds were identified or tentatively identified based on the retention times and MS/MS data. Furthermore, a metabolomic strategy was utilized to discover the discriminative saponins between normal and ADR batches. The results showed that six saponins, including ginsenoside Rh4, ginsenoside Rk3, ginsenoside Rg5, ginsenoside Rk1, ginsenoside Rg6, and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2, were significantly different between the two groups. According to cytotoxicity analysis and degranulation detection of RBL-2H3 cells, ginsenoside Rg5, ginsenoside Rk1, and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 were considered the potential compounds responsible for clinical ADRs, ultimately. In addition, the quantitative analysis showed that the content of these three compounds in ISPN samples with ADRs was generally higher than that in samples without ADRs. This study demonstrated that it is advisable to screen out potential markers related to ADRs for developing the quality standard of ISPN by the integration of untargeted metabolomic analysis and cell biology study, and thus reduce its ADRs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Disease, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Nanxiao Road, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Liang
- Guangxi Wuzhou Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., LTD., No.1 Industrial Avenue, Wuzhou Industrial Park, Guangxi, 543002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Lan
- Guangxi Wuzhou Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., LTD., No.1 Industrial Avenue, Wuzhou Industrial Park, Guangxi, 543002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Xu H, Li P, Ren G, Wang Y, Jiang D, Liu C. Authentication of Three Source Spices of Arnebiae Radix Using DNA Barcoding and HPLC. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:677014. [PMID: 34276367 PMCID: PMC8281675 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.677014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. et Kralik, A. euchroma (Royle) Johnst and A. guttata Bunge, three commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal plants have been widely used for the clinical treatment of inflammatory diseases caused by fungal, bacterial, oxidation, and other related pathogens. However, precise identification at the similar species level is usually challenging due to the influence of the source of medicinal materials, traditional ethnic medicine and medicinal habits. Here we developed a comprehensive and efficient identification system for three source spices of Arnebiae Radix based on DNA barcoding and HPLC fingerprinting. A total of 599 samples from thirty-five wild populations were collected and identified by using DNA barcodes of ITS2 regions, and the chemotypes of seven naphthoquinoneswere revealed by HPLC quantitative analysis including principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Our results showed that the ITS2 sequences can distinguish three source spices of Arnebiae Radix from adulterants. However, it was difficult to identify them by HPLC-specific chromatograms combined with chemometric analysis. These results indicated that DNA barcoding was a more powerful method than HPLC fingerprinting for the identification of related species that were genetically similar. DNA barcoding analysis could be a promising and reliable tool to accurately confirm the identities of medicinal materials, especially for those whose sources are multiple and difficult to be identified by conventional chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxi Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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19
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Dong M, Tian Z, Ma Y, Yang Z, Ma Z, Wang X, Li Y, Jiang H. Rapid screening and characterization of glucosinolates in 25 Brassicaceae tissues by UHPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap-MS. Food Chem 2021; 365:130493. [PMID: 34247049 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary plant metabolites that occur mainly in the Brassicaceae plants, which are desirable compounds in human foods due to their diverse biological activities. In this study, we developed an integrated data filtering and identification strategy to characterize the GSLs. An in-depth GSLs profiling was performed on 25 commonly Brassicaceae tissues in Jinan, China. By comparison with the reference standards and previous researches, we tentatively identified 47 GSLs including 8 unknown ones. The GSLs profiles of 25 Brassicaceae tissues were established, and 11 markers of GSLs could be used to distinguish the Brassica and Raphanus. This approach enables accurately characterization the GSLs of Brassicaceae tissues, and demonstrates the potential of GSLs profiles for Brassicaceae species discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yanni Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yunlun Li
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; TCM Clinical Research Base for Hypertension, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China.
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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20
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Yu Y, Yao C, Guo DA. Insight into chemical basis of traditional Chinese medicine based on the state-of-the-art techniques of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1469-1492. [PMID: 34221863 PMCID: PMC8245813 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been an indispensable source of drugs for curing various human diseases. However, the inherent chemical diversity and complexity of TCM restricted the safety and efficacy of its usage. Over the past few decades, the combination of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry has contributed greatly to the TCM qualitative analysis. And novel approaches have been continuously introduced to improve the analytical performance, including both the data acquisition methods to generate a large and informative dataset, and the data post-processing tools to extract the structure-related MS information. Furthermore, the fast-developing computer techniques and big data analytics have markedly enriched the data processing tools, bringing benefits of high efficiency and accuracy. To provide an up-to-date review of the latest techniques on the TCM qualitative analysis, multiple data-independent acquisition methods and data-dependent acquisition methods (precursor ion list, dynamic exclusion, mass tag, precursor ion scan, neutral loss scan, and multiple reaction monitoring) and post-processing techniques (mass defect filtering, diagnostic ion filtering, neutral loss filtering, mass spectral trees similarity filter, molecular networking, statistical analysis, database matching, etc.) were summarized and categorized. Applications of each technique and integrated analytical strategies were highlighted, discussion and future perspectives were proposed as well.
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Key Words
- BS, background subtraction
- CCS, collision cross section
- CE, collision energy
- CID, collision-induced dissociation
- DDA, data-dependent acquisition
- DE, dynamic exclusion
- DIA, data-independent acquisition
- DIF, diagnostic ion filtering
- DM, database matching
- Data acquisition
- Data post-processing
- EL, exclusion list
- EMS, enhanced mass spectrum
- EPI, enhanced product ion
- FS, full scan
- HCD, high-energy C-trap dissociation
- IDA, information dependent acquisition
- IM, ion mobility
- IPF, isotope pattern filtering
- ISCID, in-source collision-induced dissociation
- LC, liquid chromatography
- LTQ-Orbitrap, linear ion-trap/orbitrap
- Liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry
- MDF, mass defect filtering
- MIM, multiple ion monitoring
- MN, molecular networking
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MTSF, mass spectral trees similarity filter
- NL, neutral loss
- NLF, neutral loss filtering
- NLS, neutral loss scan
- NRF, nitrogen rule filtering
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PIL, precursor ion list
- PIS, precursor ion scan
- PLS-DA, partial least square-discriminant analysis
- Q-TRAP, hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap
- QSRR, quantitative structure retention relationship
- QqQ, triple quadrupole
- Qualitative analysis
- RT, retention time
- SA, statistical analysis
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- UHPLC, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography
- cMRM, conventional multiple reaction monitoring
- sMRM, scheduled multiple reaction monitoring
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-an Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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