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Orłowska B, Majchrzak M, Didkowska A, Anusz K, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Zabost A, Brzezińska S, Kozińska M, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Urbańska K, Welz M, Parniewski P. Mycobacterial Interspersed Repeat Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeat Typing of Mycobacterium avium Strains Isolated from the Lymph Nodes of Free-Living Carnivorous Animals in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:1184. [PMID: 37764992 PMCID: PMC10536629 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms, of which some, especially those of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), may be opportunistic animal and human pathogens. Infection with NTM can interfere with tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and induce zoonoses, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Diseases caused by NTM have become more readily recognized; however, they are likely still underestimated. In this study, we identified and genotyped Mycobacterium avium strains that were isolated during TB monitoring among free-living carnivorous animals from southeastern Poland. In 2011-2020, lymph node samples from 192 such animals were tested for mycobacteria. A total of 41 isolates of M. avium strains were detected with the use of IS901, IS900, IS1245, and mycobacterial interspersed repeat unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) identification. Thirty-three were identified as M. avium subsp. avium. These strains were derived from 1 beech marten (Martes foina), 1 common buzzard (Buteo buteo), 2 European badgers (Meles meles), 3 wolves (Canis lupus), and 26 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). One strain isolated from a wolf was identified as M. avium subsp. hominissuis. The results show the widespread occurrence of MAC bacilli in the studied environment and additionally comprise new data on the molecular characteristics of M. avium subspecies carried by free-living southeastern Polish carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Marta Majchrzak
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Monika Krajewska-Wędzina
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Anna Zabost
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Sywia Brzezińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Monika Kozińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Kaja Urbańska
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Division of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Welz
- Provincial Veterinary Inspectorate, Piotra Ścigiennego 6a, 38-400 Krosno, Poland;
| | - Paweł Parniewski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
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Li L, Maboni G, Lack A, Gomez DE. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Horses: A Narrative Review. Vet Sci 2023; 10:442. [PMID: 37505847 PMCID: PMC10384023 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasing in human and veterinary medicine. Although horses were initially thought to be resistant to NTM infection, reports of horses suffering from gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive diseases associated with NTM have increased in the last few decades. The aim of this literature review is to summarize the mycobacteria species found in horses, describe clinical manifestations, diagnostic and treatment approaches, and public health concerns of NTM infection in horses. Clinical manifestations of NTM in horses include pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis, soft tissue, bone infections, and disseminated disease. NTM are also linked to granulomatous enteritis, placentitis, and abortions. Currently, diagnostic methods for NTM are limited and include acid-fast microscopy, bacterial cultures, species-specific PCR assays, and gene sequencing. In humans, NTM treatment guidelines are available, but their application appears inadequate and inconsistent. In horses, treatment guidelines for NTM infections are not available. NTM are a serious public health threat as 70% of people with untreated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have a chronic pulmonary disease caused by NTM. Thus, it is essential that we gain a better understanding of NTM infections in horses and their zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynna Li
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Grazieli Maboni
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Amy Lack
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Diego E Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Vail KJ, Stranahan LW, Richardson LM, Yanchik AE, Arnold CE, Porter BF, Wiener DJ. Granulomatous Rhinitis in a Horse due to Mycobacterium intracellulare Infection. J Comp Pathol 2019; 169:30-34. [PMID: 31159948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections in horses are uncommon, but are caused most frequently by Mycobacterium bovis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex or Mycobacterium avium of the M. avium complex. Disease caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare, the second most common species within the M. avium complex, has not been reported in horses to date. Mycobacteriosis in horses most often presents as enteric, pulmonary or, rarely, systemic disease. Here we report a case of M. intracellulare infection in a horse presenting as a granulomatous nasal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Vail
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - L W Stranahan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - L M Richardson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - A E Yanchik
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - C E Arnold
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - B F Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - D J Wiener
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Mycobacterium branderi Infection in a Horse with Granulomatous Mesenteric Lymphadenitis. J Comp Pathol 2019; 168:30-34. [PMID: 31103056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although relatively uncommon in horses, infections caused by Mycobacterium spp. may affect the gastrointestinal tract. Mycobacterium branderi is a non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) that causes respiratory infections in man. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria may also affect horses; however, infection by M. branderi has not yet been reported in this species. This report describes the clinical, pathological, microbiological and molecular findings of M. branderi infection in a horse, causing granulomatous mesenteric lymphadenitis. A 17-year-old Thoroughbred stallion had a 3-month history of chronic diarrhoea, cachexia and ventral and cervical oedema. Necropsy examination revealed severe mesenteric lymphadenomegaly, together with mesenteric lymphangiectasia and diffuse small intestinal mucosal thickening. Microscopically, the mesenteric lymph node had diffuse granulomatous inflammatory infiltration, replacing most of the nodal parenchyma, with multiple acid-fast bacilli within the cytoplasm of macrophages. There was also diffuse lymphangiectasia. Fresh samples of mesenteric lymph nodes yielded no bacterial growth; however, nested polymerase chain reaction products obtained from the mesenteric lymph node samples were consistent with M. branderi. This infection should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of chronic diarrhoea in horses, especially when granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis are also observed.
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Eslami M, Shafiei M, Ghasemian A, Valizadeh S, Al-Marzoqi AH, Shokouhi Mostafavi SK, Nojoomi F, Mirforughi SA. Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex and related subspecies as causative agents of zoonotic and occupational diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12415-12421. [PMID: 30673126 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) cause zoonotic infections transmitted by birds and livestock herds. These pathogens have remained as serious economic and health threats in most areas of the world. As zoonotic diseases, the risk of development of occupational disease and even death outcome necessitate implementation of control strategies to prevent its spread. Zoonotic MAP infections include Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, sarcoidosis, diabetes mellitus, and immune-related diseases (such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis). Paratuberculosis has classified as type B epidemic zoonotic disease according to world health organization which is transmitted to human through consumption of dairy and meat products. In addition, MAC causes pulmonary manifestations and lymphadenitis in normal hosts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progression (by serotypes 1, 4, and 8). Furthermore, other subspecies have caused respiratory abscesses, neck lymph nodes, and disseminated osteomyelitis in children and ulcers. However, the data over the occupational relatedness of these subspecies is rare. These agents can cause occupational infections in susceptible herd breeders. Several molecular methods have been recognized as proper strategies for tracking the infection. In this study, some zoonotic aspects, worldwide prevalence and control strategies regarding infections due to MAP and MAC and related subspecies has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Eslami
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Morvarid Shafiei
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Valizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | | | - Farshad Nojoomi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Amene Mirforughi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Zhu L, Peng Y, Ye J, Wang T, Bian Z, Qin Y, Zhang H, Ding J. Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of a New Highly Pathogenic Field Isolate of Mycobacterium avium spp. avium. Front Vet Sci 2018; 4:243. [PMID: 29379790 PMCID: PMC5775284 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian tuberculosis is a chronic, contagious zoonotic disease affecting birds, mammals, and humans. The disease is most often caused by Mycobacterium avium spp. avium (MAA). Strain resources are important for research on avian tuberculosis and vaccine development. However, there has been little reported about the newly identified MAA strain in recent years in China. In this study, a new strain was isolated from a fowl with symptoms of avian tuberculosis by bacterial culture. The isolated strain was identified to be MAA by culture, staining, and biochemical and genetic analysis, except for different colony morphology. The isolated strain was Ziehl-Zeelsen staining positive, resistant to p-nitrobenzoic acid, and negative for niacin production, Tween-80 hydrolysis, heat stable catalase and nitrate production. The strain had the DnaJ gene, IS1245, and IS901, as well. Serum agglutination indicated that the MAA strain was of serotype 1. The MAA strain showed strong virulence via mortality in rabbits and chickens. The prepared tuberculin of the MAA strain had similar potency compared to the MAA reference strain and standard tuberculin via a tuberculin skin test. Our studies suggested that this MAA strain tends to be a novel subtype, which might enrich the strain resource of avian tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangquan Zhu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Peng
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Junxian Ye
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Tuanjie Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zengjie Bian
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Qin
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
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Mönki JAK, Hewetson M, Hahn S, Vainio K, Skrzypczak T. Disseminated alimentary mycobacteriosis in the horse: a retrospective study of nine cases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. K. Mönki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; University of Helsinki; Viikintie University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - M. Hewetson
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies; Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; South Africa
| | - S. Hahn
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Finland
| | | | - T. Skrzypczak
- Food Safety Authority Evira; Research and Laboratory Department; Veterinary Bacteriology; Helsinki Finland
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Arrazuria R, Sevilla IA, Molina E, Pérez V, Garrido JM, Juste RA, Elguezabal N. Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies in the gut associated lymphoid tissue of slaughtered rabbits. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:130. [PMID: 26063469 PMCID: PMC4461944 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rabbits are susceptible to infection by different species of the genus Mycobacterium. Particularly, development of specific lesions and isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, both subspecies of the M. avium complex, has been reported in wildlife conditions. Although, rabbit meat production worldwide is 200 million tons per year, microbiological data on this source of meat is lacking and more specifically reports of mycobacterial presence in industrially reared rabbit for human consumption have not been published. To this end, we sought mycobacteria by microbiological and histopathological methods paying special attention to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in rabbits from commercial rabbitries from the North East of Spain. Results M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was not detected either by culture or PCR. However, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium was detected in 15.15 % (10/66) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis was detected in 1.51 % (1/66) of gut associated lymphoid tissue of sampled animals by PCR, whereas caecal contents were negative. 9 % (6/66) of the animals presented gross lesions suggestive of lymphoid activation, 6 % (4/66) presented granulomatous lesions and 3 % (2/66) contained acid fast bacilli. Mycobacterial isolation from samples was not achieved, although colonies of Thermoactinomycetes sp. were identified by 16s rRNA sequencing in 6 % (4/66) of sampled animals. Conclusions Apparently healthy farmed rabbits that go to slaughter may carry M. avium subspecies in gut associated lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Arrazuria
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga, 1, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Iker A Sevilla
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga, 1, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Elena Molina
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga, 1, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Valentín Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga, 1, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Ramón A Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga, 1, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Natalia Elguezabal
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga, 1, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Molecular identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum by duplex high-resolution melt analysis and subspecies-specific real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:1582-7. [PMID: 25740770 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03556-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of mycobacterial species and subspecies is essential to evaluate their significance and to perform epidemiological studies. The subspecies of Mycobacterium avium have different attributes but coincide in their zoonotic potential. Our knowledge about M. avium subsp. silvaticum is limited, since its identification is uncertain. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. silvaticum can be discriminated from each other based only on phenotypic characteristics, as they have almost identical genome sequences. Here we describe the development of a diagnostic method which enables the molecular identification of M. avium subsp. silvaticum and discrimination from M. avium subsp. avium based on genomic differences in a duplex high-resolution melt and M. avium subsp. silvaticum-specific mismatch real-time PCR. The developed assay was tested on reference strains and 199 field isolates, which were analyzed by phenotypic methods previously. This assay not only identified all 63 M. avium subsp. silvaticum and 138 M. avium subsp. avium strains correctly but also enabled the detection of mixed M. avium subsp. avium-M. avium subsp. silvaticum cultures. This is the first time that such a large panel of strains has been analyzed, and we also report the first isolation of M. avium subsp. silvaticum from red fox, red deer, wild boar, cattle, and badger. This assay is reliable, rapid, simple, inexpensive, and robust. It eliminates the long-existing problem of ambiguous phenotypic identification and opens up the possibility for detailed and comprehensive strain studies.
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Rindi L, Garzelli C. Genetic diversity and phylogeny of Mycobacterium avium. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 21:375-83. [PMID: 24345519 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium, one of the species of the M. avium complex (MAC), includes 4 subspecies, i.e., M. avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH), M. avium subsp. avium (MAA), M. avium subsp. silvaticum (MAS) and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), in turn classified into the S (sheep) and C (cattle) types. These subspecies, although closely related, represent distinct organisms, each endowed with specific pathogenetic and host range characteristics, ranging from environmental opportunistic bacteria that cause infections in swine and immunocompromised patients to pathogens of birds and ruminants. The present review summarizes the basic epidemiological and pathological features of the M. avium subspecies, describes the major genomic events responsible of M. avium subspecies diversity (insertion sequences, sequence variations in specific chromosome loci or genes, deletions, duplications and insertions of large genomic regions) and then reconstructs the phylogenetic relationships among the M. avium subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rindi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carlo Garzelli
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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