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Zheng W, Diao NC, Wang Q, Wang CY, Su N, Yin JY, Tian T, Shi K, Du R. Worldwide Swine Tuberculosis-Positive Rate and Associated Risk Factors, 1966-2020: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:181-195. [PMID: 38306180 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic, zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that infects not only humans but also animals such as pigs, cows, buffaloes, sheep, and goats. Among them, pigs are one of the main food animals in the world. If pigs are infected with M. tuberculosis, meat products will be negatively affected, causing economic losses to the livestock industry. There is currently no systematic epidemiological assessment of swine TB in the world, so it is important to know the prevalence of swine, and these data are currently lacking, so we performed a statistical analysis. Results: We searched 6791 articles and finally included data from 35,303 pigs from 15 countries or territories, showing a combined prevalence of TB in pigs of 12.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.2 to 15.9). Among them, the prevalence rate of swine TB in Europe was 15.2% (95% CI: 11.1 to 20.7, 2491/25,050), which was higher compared with other continents, and the difference was significant; the positive rate of PCR method was higher in the detection method subgroup, which was 15.7% (95% CI: 8.0 to 31.0, 376/2261); Mycobacterium bovis was detected in pigs in the M. tuberculosis typing group (9.5%, 95% CI: 6.7 to 13.5, 1364/21,430). The positive rate is higher compared with Mycobacterium capris. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to determine the global prevalence of TB in swine herds. Although the seroprevalence of swine TB in this article is very low, the harm of TB cannot be ignored. It is important to take effective control and preventive measures to stop the spread of TB to reduce the impact of diseased pigs on animal husbandry and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Nai-Chao Diao
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yu Wang
- Jilin Heyuan Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Songyuan, P.R. China
| | - Nuo Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ying Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Galapero J, Ramos A, Benítez-Medina JM, Martínez R, García A, Hermoso de Mendoza J, Holgado-Martín R, Risco D, Gómez L. Combination with Annual Deworming Treatments Does Not Enhance the Effects of PCV2 Vaccination on the Development of TB in Wild Boar Populations. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3833. [PMID: 38136870 PMCID: PMC10740781 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against PCV2 has been proven to be an effective measure to reduce the severity of TB in wild boar. The combination of this measure with strategies focused on treating other key concomitant pathogens, such as nematodes, could be a useful strategy. This study assesses whether a combination of deworming treatments and PCV2 vaccination may reduce the prevalence and severity of TB in wild boar. The study was conducted on five game estates in mid-western Spain where four groups of wild boar were produced: control, vaccinated, dewormed and vaccinated-dewormed. Wild boars from all groups were hunted between 2017 and 2020, and all of them received a TB diagnosis based on pathological and microbiological tests. Generalised linear models were used to explore the effect of deworming and PCV2 vaccination on TB prevalence and severity. PCV2-vaccinated animals showed lower probabilities of suffering severe TB lesions. However, no differences regarding TB severity were found between dewormed and non-dewormed wild boar. PCV2 vaccination reduces TB severity in wild boar. However, annual deworming does not produce a long-term parasitological reduction that can influence the development of TB in wild boar, nor does it improve the effect of PCV2 vaccination on TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Galapero
- Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy Area, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.G.); (R.H.-M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alfonso Ramos
- Area Statistics and Operations Research Area, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Benítez-Medina
- Infectious Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.M.B.-M.); (J.H.d.M.)
| | - Remigio Martínez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba (ROR code 05yc77b46), 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Alfredo García
- Animal Production Area, CICYTEX-La Orden, 06187 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Javier Hermoso de Mendoza
- Infectious Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.M.B.-M.); (J.H.d.M.)
| | - Rocío Holgado-Martín
- Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy Area, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.G.); (R.H.-M.); (L.G.)
| | - David Risco
- Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy Area, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.G.); (R.H.-M.); (L.G.)
| | - Luis Gómez
- Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy Area, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.G.); (R.H.-M.); (L.G.)
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Boggiatto PM, Kanipe CR, Putz EJ, Olsen SC, Palmer MV. Wildlife Immune Responses to Mycobacterium bovis and to Bacille of Calmette-Guerin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1173-1179. [PMID: 37782851 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic bacterial disease presenting public health, veterinary, and economic threats around the globe. Although cattle producers rely on regular testing and management practices to minimize domestic herd exposure, wildlife species around the world continue to be the main reservoirs for disease. Wildlife reservoirs for bTB include the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) in Great Britain and Ireland, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand, wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Spain, as well as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the United States and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Spain. Although all reservoir species share the ability to infect cattle, they differ in transmission capability, disease pathogenesis, diagnostic detection, and vaccination strategies. In this review, bTB interactions with these wildlife reservoirs are discussed, illustrating the need to address bTB disease in wildlife hosts to achieve eradication in domestic livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - Carly R Kanipe
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - Ellie J Putz
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - Steven C Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - Mitchell V Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
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4
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Replication and transmission features of two experimental vaccine candidates against bovine tuberculosis subcutaneously administrated in a murine model. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 134:102203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Juste RA, Geijo MV, Elguezabal N, Sevilla IA, Alonso-Hearn M, Garrido JM. Paratuberculosis vaccination specific and non-specific effects on cattle lifespan. Vaccine 2021; 39:1631-1641. [PMID: 33597115 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Records of cattle vaccination against paratuberculosis (PTB) have been analyzed to determine whether or not non-specific effect (NSE) on overall mortality similar to that observed in BCG vaccinated humans occurs in animals. The results of a previously reported slaughterhouse study on PTB prevalence were used as a reference on the age incidence of advanced patent (clinical) epidemio-pathogenic forms. In the proper vaccine study, cows in 30 cattle farms in the Basque Country, Spain were followed-up for between 1 and 13 years. Vaccinated groups were composed by 1008 (592 right-censored) animals younger than 3 months treated as calves and by 3761 (3160 right-censored) vaccinated at any older age. Controls were 339 (157 right-censored) and 4592 (2213 right-censored) age matched animals, respectively. Individual last year presence in the annual testing was considered age at culling or death. A survival analysis was carried out according age at vaccination of vaccinated versus non-vaccinated animals. PTB age incidence in the slaughterhouse study was subtracted from the difference between vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals at the same age in order to estimate PTB-specific and non-specific effects. The maximum difference was observed at the 2-3 years interval with a 33.9% mortality reduction in the calf vaccinated group. This corresponded also with the maximum NSE that was 24.5% for a PTB incidence of 9.5%. Overall, vaccination afforded to calves a 26.5% yearly mortality protection, split between 11.1% PTB-specific and 15.4% NSE. These results support a NSE on total mortality associated with PTB vaccination that appeared to persist for up to 6-7 years. This confirms for the first time in an animal field study the innate immune system memory predicted by the recently proposed trained immunity theory. Contrasting the literature, no deleterious effects of killed vaccines on females were observed. Mortality reduction would offset vaccination costs and could improve livestock systems efficiency and potentially reduce antibiotic use. Clinical trial registered with Spanish Agency for Drugs and Sanitary products (AEMPS) as 11/012/ECV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain; SERIDA, Agrifood Regional Research and Development Service, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
| | - M V Geijo
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - N Elguezabal
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - I A Sevilla
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - M Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - J M Garrido
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
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Balseiro A, Thomas J, Gortázar C, Risalde MA. Development and Challenges in Animal Tuberculosis Vaccination. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060472. [PMID: 32549360 PMCID: PMC7350370 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) constituted a major advance in the prevention of human tuberculosis (TB) in the beginning of the past century. BCG has also a clear potential for use in animals and, in particular, in the main domestic species subjected to TB control programs, cattle. Nowadays, the use of BCG vaccination against TB in cattle is not permitted by European Union legislation because BCG can induce a cellular immune response producing diagnostic interference in the eradication programs based on tuberculin single and comparative intradermal tests imposed worldwide. In this review we recall the history of TB vaccination as well as different vaccine trials and the response to vaccination in both domestic and wild animals. Promising potential inactivated vaccines are also reviewed. Research studies are mainly focused to improve vaccine efficacy, and at the same time to ensure its easy administration, safety and stability in the environment. Great challenges remain, particularly in terms of vaccine candidates and also in the acceptance of vaccination. Vaccination should be included in a strategic plan for integrated control of TB under a "one health" perspective, which also includes other measures such as improved biosafety on farms to avoid or decrease contact between domestic and wild animals or control of wildlife reservoirs to avoid overabundance that may favor infection maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-98-729-1331
| | - Jobin Thomas
- SaBio-Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.T.); (C.G.)
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio-Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.T.); (C.G.)
| | - María A. Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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