Prevalencia de infección por virus del papiloma humano en carcinoma espinocelular de cavidad oral, orofaringe y laringe

Caracterização dos Casos de Câncer de Cavidade Oral e Faringe da Região Norte do Brasil, 2012-2015

Introdução: O câncer de cavidade oral e faringe e um problema de saúde publica, apresentando elevadas taxas de incidência e mortalidade. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil clinico-epidemiológico e os atrasos no diagnóstico e tratamento de casos atendidos nas unidades de referência da Região Norte do Brasil. Método: Estudo descritivo dos casos de câncer de cavidade oral e faringe registrados nas bases de dados dos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer (RHC) de 2012 a 2015. Foram analisados os intervalos entre a primeira consulta e o diagnóstico, e o diagnóstico e o tratamento. As variáveis continuas foram avaliadas por meio de medidas de tendência central e de dispersão. As diferenças entre proporções nas variáveis categóricas foram avaliadas pelo teste qui-quadrado, considerando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Entre os homens, os casos de orofaringe foram mais incidentes (19,2%) e nas mulheres os mais incidentes (16,3%) de outras partes e partes não especificadas da língua. A maior parte dos casos era de homens, cor parda, >60 anos, sem cônjuge, com escolaridade até o nível fundamental. O carcinoma de células escamosas foi o mais comum. Com relação ao tempo, 69,6% dos casos que chegaram ao hospital sem diagnostico e sem tratamento foram diagnosticados até 30 dias após a primeira consulta, e 67,8% dos casos receberam o primeiro tratamento em até 60 dias. Conclusão: A maioria dos casos analisados apresentou tempo de diagnostico dentro do prazo recomendado, porem foi observado que os casos com diagnostico e sem tratamento demoraram mais de 60 dias.

Tipificación del virus del papiloma humano en lesiones de cavidad bucal. Estudio desarrollado en los servicios de estomatología, Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena y el Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas epidemiológicas en cavidad bucal de la infección por VPH y la asociación con su tipificación molecular. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal en 52 pacientes que acudieron a los servicios de estomatología en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena y al Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires, a quienes se les abrió historia clínica y se les practicó prueba de PCR en tiempo real para la tipificación del VPH. Resultados: el análisis de los datos se efectuó a través de frecuencia y porcentaje. En cuanto a la parte inferencial, se usó la prueba chi cuadrado con un nivel de confianza P<0,05. De los 52 pacientes analizados, 67.3% eran mujeres con un predominio de edad entre los 50-59 años. El serotipo mayormente encontrado fue VPH 6, seguido del VPH 11 y otros tipos de VPH. La lesión elemental más preponderante fue la verrugosidad y la ubicación de predominio, la lengua. Conclusión: las infecciones por VPH se manifiestan frecuentemente en cavidad bucal con verrugosidades en lengua. Su estudio epidemiológico, incluyendo su tipificación, permitiría encontrar lesiones características para un diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento oportuno.

A Five-mRNA Expression Signature to Predict Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatic Analyses

Objectives: This study was designed to identify a messenger RNA (mRNA) expression signature to predict survival in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: mRNA expression profiles were integrated with clinical data from 280 samples, including 19 normal tissues and 261 OSCC tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas. We identified differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between the OSCC and normal tissue samples and developed a novel mRNA-focused expression signature using a Cox regression analysis and other bioinformatic methods. The prognostic value of this signature was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis, multivariable COX regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were performed to predict the function of the DEmRNAs. Signature-related mRNAs were analyzed by gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 20 paired OSCC and adjacent healthy tissues.

Results: We identified a novel 5-mRNA expression signature (HOXA1, CELSR3, HIST1H3J, ZFP42, and ASCL4) that could predict patient outcomes in OSCC. The risk score based on the signature was able to separate OSCC patients into high- and low-risk groups that showed significantly different overall survival (p < 0.001, log-rank test). The signature was further validated as an effective independent prognostic predictor of OSCC by multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio = 3.747, confidence interval: 2.279–5.677, p < 0.001) and ROC curve of the third year (area under the curve = 0.733). Functional analysis demonstrated that the key hub genes in the PPI network were mainly enriched in cell division, cell proliferation, and the p53 signaling pathway. GSEA results showed that the 5 mRNAs were significantly enriched in mismatch repair, DNA replication, and the NOTCH signaling pathway. Finally, qRT-PCR results showed that the 5 mRNAs were upregulated in OSCC tissue in agreement with the predictions from our bioinformatics analysis.

Conclusions: We identified a novel 5-mRNA signature that could predict the survival of patients with OSCC and may be a promising biomarker for personalized cancer treatments.

Levofloxacin might be safe to use for OSCC patients

Oral squamous cell carcinoma patients are exhausted against the powerful chemotherapies, radiotherapies after the surgery, and their immune system is devastated during the process and antibiotic usage become inescapable. Although prescribing an antibiotic might be fraught for such as drug interaction and undesirable proliferation danger, studies still look for the new ideas such as antibiotic combinations that might be safe to use. The antiproliferative and apoptotic outcomes of levofloxacin with cisplatin combination as well as their single usage were examined with WST-1, Caspase-3/BCA and Annexin V methods on SCC-15 cells and a healthy cell line (MRC-5). 24 h treatment of 50 mM single levofloxacin, 50 mM single cisplatin and 50 mM levofloxacin-cisplatin combination resulted in viability rates of SCC-15 cells as 90%, 67% and 80.8%, respectively. Caspase-3 enzyme activity was enhanced 0.92-fold for single levofloxacin, 13.05-fold for single cisplatin and 9.73-fold for the combination of levofloxacin-cisplatin, the total apoptotic activity of single levofloxacin, single cisplatin and levofloxacin-cisplatin combination were observed as 4.88%, 21.14%, 16.21%, respectively on SCC-15. The apoptotic effect of cisplatin on MRC-5 has been shown to be suppressed when combined with levofloxacin. Considering the cell viability, caspase-3, and apoptotic activity results, it's conclude that the levofloxacin-cisplatin combination was also effective compared to the only cisplatin treatment on OSCC cells. The combination has shown less toxicity for healthy cells than single cisplatin treatment. Therefore, our apoptotic findings suggest that the different dosage combinations are necessary to understand the interaction for the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Genome-Wide CpG Island Methylation Profiles of Cutaneous Skin with and without HPV Infection

HPV infection is one of the most commonly transmitted diseases among the global population. While it can be asymptomatic, non-genital HPV infection often gives rise to cutaneous warts, which are benign growths arising from the epidermal layer of the skin. This study aimed to produce a global analysis of the ways in which cutaneous wart formation affected the CpG island methylome. The Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip microarray was utilized in order to quantitatively interrogate CpG island methylation in genomic DNA extracted from 24 paired wart and normal skin samples. Differential methylation analysis was carried out by means of assigning a combined rank score using RnBeads. The 1000 top-ranking CpG islands were then subject to Locus Overlap Analysis (LOLA) for enrichment of genomic ranges, while signaling pathway analysis was carried out on the top 100 differentially methylated CpG islands. Differential methylation analysis illustrated that the most differentially methylated CpG islands in warts lay within the ITGB5, DTNB, RBFOX3, SLC6A9, and C2orf27A genes. In addition, the most enriched genomic region sets in warts were Sheffield's tissue-clustered DNase hypersensitive sites, ENCODE's segmentation and transcription factor binding sites, codex sites, and the epigenome sites from cistrome. Lastly, signaling pathway analysis showed that the GRB2, GNB1, NTRK1, AXIN1, and SKI genes were the most common regulators of the genes associated with the top 100 most differentially methylated CpG islands in warts. Our study shows that HPV-induced cutaneous warts have a clear CpG island methylation profile that sets them apart from normal skin. Such a finding could account for the temporary nature of warts and the capacity for individuals to undergo clinical remission.

MiR-154 inhibits the growth of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting GALNT7

MicroRNAs are critical regulators of the development and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). However, the role of microRNA-154 (miR-154) in the development and progression of LSCC has not been clarified. We found that down-regulated miR-154 expression in LSCC tissues was associated with poorer prognosis in LSCC patients. MiR-154 over-expression inhibited the proliferation, clonogenicity, and migration of LSCC cells and induced cell cycle arrest, which were reversed by miR-154 inhibition. MiR-154 targeted GALNT7 expression by reducing GALNT7-regulated luciferase activity in LSCC cells while up-regulating GALNT7 mRNA transcription in LSCC tissues and cells. GALNT7 silencing significantly attenuated the proliferation, clonogenicity, and migration of LSCC cells and induced cell cycle arrest. Finally, intravenous treatment with lentivirus for miR-154, but not scrambled control miRNA, significantly restrained the growth of implanted LSCC Hep-2 tumors and decreased the tumor mass by reducing GALNT7 expression in mice. Therefore, miR-154 may serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for LSCC.

Comparative assessment of HPV, alcohol and tobacco etiological fractions in Algerian patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Background

Despite the increasing incidence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in Algeria, scarce information is available on the importance of the preventable etiological factors which may drive the disease. Remarkably, a significant number of cases occur in nonsmoker and nondrinker patients; hence, suggesting that alternative risk factors, like Human papillomavirus (HPV), might be etiologically involved. To gain more insight on the risk factors associated with the disease in the country, we evaluated the etiological fraction of HPV in comparison to tobacco and alcohol intake in LSCC patients.

Methods

To evaluate the etiopathologic fraction (EF) for HPV compared to history of tobacco and alcohol in LSCC, HPV DNA presence in 46 invasive and 3 non-invasive formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded laryngeal tumors was screened using the SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25 Assay. Demographic data and information related to exposure to the risk factors were gathered through interviewer-assisted questionnaires.

Results

We observed that 40.8% of all LSCC cases were associated with smoking, 40.8% had combined tobacco and alcohol exposure history, and 14.3% did not show prior exposure to either risk factor. 1 out of 3 in-situ carcinoma cases was positive for HPV-6. HPV prevalence was null in the invasive tumors. HPV DNA was detected in 2.38% for all studied cases. 10.2% of LSCC patients did not associate with any of the studied risk factors.

Conclusion

Here we show that HPV etiological fraction in LSCC Algerian patients is low and smoking and alcohol remain the principal etiopathologic risk for LSCC burden in Algeria.