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Pasquet M, Wallon L, Fusier PY, Restagno F, Rio E. An optimized recipe for making giant bubbles. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:101. [PMID: 36547787 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Large bubbles are primarily used in physics laboratories to study 2D turbulence, surface wavers, and fundamental properties of soap systems. Outside of physics, blowing large bubbles is also a part of many performances and shows. Both the scientific and artistic communities usually want to get reasonably stable foam films. The purpose of this article is to propose the main physical ingredients needed for an effective recipe to make stable films and bubbles. We propose controlled experiments to measure both the ease of generating a bubble, and its stability in different stabilizing solutions, which we choose by adding the ingredients contained in a bubble artist's recipe one by one. Our main findings are that (i) the surfactant concentration must not be too high, (ii) the solution must contain long flexible polymer chains to allow for easy bubble generation and (iii) the addition of glycerol provides improved bubble stability by preventing evaporation. Finally, we propose an efficient recipe, which takes into account these considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pasquet
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Laura Wallon
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
| | | | - Frédéric Restagno
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rio
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France.
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2
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Sepulveda J, Montillet A, Della Valle D, Loisel C, Riaublanc A. Deformation of gas-liquid interfaces in a non-Newtonian fluid at high throughputs inside a microfluidic device and effect of an expansion on bubble breakup mechanisms. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Tsibranska S, Tcholakova S, Golemanov K, Denkov N, Pelan E, Stoyanov SD. Role of interfacial elasticity for the rheological properties of saponin-stabilized emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 564:264-275. [PMID: 31923825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Saponins are natural surfactants which can provide highly viscoelastic interfaces. This property can be used to quantify precisely the effect of interfacial dilatational elasticity on the various rheological properties of bulk emulsions. EXPERIMENTS We measured the interfacial dilatational elasticity of adsorption layers from four saponins (Quillaja, Escin, Berry, Tea) adsorbed on hexadecane-water and sunflower oil-water interfaces. In parallel, the rheological properties under steady and oscillatory shear deformations were measured for bulk emulsions, stabilized by the same saponins (oil volume fraction between 75 and 85%). FINDINGS Quillaja saponin and Berry saponin formed solid adsorption layers (shells) on the SFO-water interface. As a consequence, the respective emulsions contained non-spherical drops. For the other systems, the interfacial elasticities varied between 2 mN/m and 500 mN/m. We found that this interfacial elasticity has very significant impact on the emulsion shear elasticity, moderate effect on the dynamic yield stress, and no effect on the viscous stress of the respective steadily sheared emulsions. The last conclusion is not trivial, because the dilatational surface viscoelasticity is known to have strong impact on the viscous stress of steadily sheared foams. Mechanistic explanations of all observed effects are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Tsibranska
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 J. Bourchier Ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Slavka Tcholakova
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 J. Bourchier Ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Konstantin Golemanov
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 J. Bourchier Ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Denkov
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 J. Bourchier Ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Simeon D Stoyanov
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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4
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Sahu A, Subramaniam P. Integrated Microfluidic Device for Continuous Separation and Preconcentration of Surface Active Solutes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Sahu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pushpavanam Subramaniam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Qi H, Bai Z, Zhang Q, Lai X. Synthesis of a Gemini Betaine Surfactant and Its Properties as Foam Drainage Agent. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA novel betaine Gemini surfactant (B18-4-18) was synthesized by two-step reaction with N,N-dimethyl oleoaminde-propylamine, sodium 2-hydroxy-3-chloro propanesulfate and 1,4-dibromobutane as main raw materials. The structure of the synthesized betaine Gemini surfactant was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1HNMR), the surface tension curve and related parameters were obtained by surface tension measurements. The surface tension of oleamide hydroxypropyl betaine (B18) and the Gemini surfactant (B18-4-18) at different concentrations was measured. The experimental results showed that the structure of the synthesized compounds was in conformity with the expected structure of the surfactants. The critical micelle concentration of B18 was 6.1 × 10−6 mol/L, the corresponding surface tension was 34.27 mN/m. The critical micelle concentration of B18-4-18 was 5.0 × 10−6 mol/L, the corresponding surface tension was 31.67 mN/m at 25°C. The liquid carrying rate of B18 and B18-4-18 can reach 87% and 92% in water respectively. The liquid carrying rate of B18 and B18-4-18 can reach 82% and 84% in 150 000 mg/L mineralized water. The liquid carrying rate of B18 and B18-4-18 can reach 64% and 67% respectively at 10% condensate oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi
- 1Wuqi Oil Production Factory, Yanchang Oilfield Co. Ltd, Yan'an 717600, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhonggang Bai
- 1Wuqi Oil Production Factory, Yanchang Oilfield Co. Ltd, Yan'an 717600, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunzheng Zhang
- 2College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lai
- 3College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
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Wang Y, Ge J, Zhang G, Jiang P, Song K, Zhang W. Effect of Surface Dilatational Modulus on Foam Flow in a Porous Medium. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2017. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to clarify the role of surface dilatational property in foam flow in a porous medium, three systems were prepared: a system with low surface dilatational modulus and high surface tension, a system with low surface dilatational modulus and low surface tension, and a system with high surface dilatational modulus and low surface tension. By measuring the lamella number and pressure drop across the porous medium, it has been found that differing from flow in a capillary tube, a system with high surface dilatational modulus could achieve a high pressure drop in a porous medium. The conclusion drawn as to the reason is that bubbles with smaller diameter resulting from a structure induced breakup and high dilatational modulus are the main reasons. Flow experiments at 40°C also demonstrate the effect of surface dilatational modulus on the pressure drop.
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Role of surface properties for the kinetics of bubble Ostwald ripening in saponin-stabilized foams. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mughal A, Libertiny T, Schröder-Turk G. How bees and foams respond to curved confinement: Level set boundary representations in the Surface Evolver. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wang Y, Ge J, Zhang G, Jiang P. Effect of organic acid on lauroamide propyl betaine surface dilatational modulus and foam performance in a porous medium. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1183210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Jijiang Ge
- China University of Petroleum Huadong, Dongying, China
| | | | - Ping Jiang
- China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
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Wang Y, Ge J, Song K, Zhang G, Jiang P. Effect of organic acid chain length on foam performance in a porous medium. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1251324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Jijiang Ge
- China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Kaifei Song
- China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Guicai Zhang
- China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
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11
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Bronfort A, Caps H. Foams in a rotating drum: An analogy with granular materials. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Huerre A, Miralles V, Jullien MC. Bubbles and foams in microfluidics. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6888-902. [PMID: 24913678 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00595c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics offers great tools to produce highly-controlled dispersions of gas into liquid, from isolated bubbles to organized microfoams. Potential technological applications are manifold, from novel materials to scaffolds for tissue engineering or enhanced oil recovery. More fundamentally, microfluidics makes it possible to investigate the physics of complex systems such as foams at scales where the capillary forces become dominant, in model experiments involving few well-controlled parameters. In this context, this review does not have the ambition to detail in a comprehensive manner all the techniques and applications involving bubbles and foams in microfluidics. Rather, it focuses on particular consequences of working at the microscale, under confinement, and hopes to provide insight into the physics of such systems. The first part of this work focuses on bubbles, and more precisely on (i) bubble generation, where the confinement can suppress capillary instabilities while inertial effects may play a role, and (ii) bubble dynamics, paying special attention to the lubrication film between bubble and wall and the influence of confinement. The second part addresses the formation and dynamics of microfoams, emphasizing structural differences from macroscopic foams and the influence of the confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Huerre
- MMN, UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, PSL research University, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
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Miralles V, Selva B, Cantat I, Jullien MC. Foam drainage control using thermocapillary stress in a two-dimensional microchamber. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:238302. [PMID: 24972233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.238302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the drainage of a 2D microfoam in a vertical Hele-Shaw cell, and show that the Marangoni stress at the air-water interface generated by a constant temperature gradient applied in situ can be tuned to control the drainage. The temperature gradient is applied in such a way that thermocapillarity and gravity have an antagonistic effect. We characterize the drainage over time by measuring the liquid volume fraction in the cell and find that thermocapillarity can overcome the effect of gravity, effectively draining the foam towards the top of the cell, or exactly compensate it, maintaining the liquid fraction at its initial value over at least 60 s. We quantify these results by solving the mass balance in the cell, and provide insight into the interplay between gravity, thermocapillarity, and capillary pressure governing the drainage dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Miralles
- MMN, UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, PSL research University, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - B Selva
- LOF, unité mixte Solvay-CNRS-Bordeaux 1, 178 avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, F-33608 Pessac cedex, France
| | - I Cantat
- IPR, (UMR CNRS 6251), Université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - M-C Jullien
- MMN, UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, PSL research University, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
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Zhang H, Xu G, Liu T, Xu L, Zhou Y. Foam and interfacial properties of Tween 20–bovine serum albumin systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Bronfort A, Caps H. Faraday instability at foam-water interface. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:066313. [PMID: 23368044 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.066313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A nearly two-dimensional foam is generated inside a Hele-shaw cell and left at rest on its liquid bath. The system is then vertically shaken and, above a well-defined acceleration threshold, surface waves appear at the foam-liquid interface. Those waves are shown to be subharmonic. The acceleration threshold is studied and compared to the common liquid-gas case, emphasizing the energy dissipation inside the foam. An empirical model is proposed for this energy loss, accounting for the foam characteristics such as the bubble size but also the excitation parameter, namely the linear velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bronfort
- GRASP, Physics Department B5, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Baret JC, Kleinschmidt F, El Harrak A, Griffiths AD. Kinetic aspects of emulsion stabilization by surfactants: a microfluidic analysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:6088-93. [PMID: 19292501 DOI: 10.1021/la9000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In classical emulsification processes, surfactants play two roles: first, they reduce the interfacial tension, facilitating droplet deformation and rupture, and second, they reduce droplet coalescence. Here, we use a microfluidic emulsification system to completely uncouple these two processes, allowing stabilization against coalescence to be studied quantitatively and independently of droplet formation. We demonstrate that, in addition to the classical effect of stabilization by an increase of surfactant concentration, the dynamics of adsorption of surfactant at the water-oil interface is a key element for droplet stabilization. Microfluidic emulsification devices can therefore be tailored to improve emulsification while decreasing the concentration of surfactant by increasing the time before the droplets first come into contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Baret
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7006, Strasbourg, France.
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Cox SJ, Weaire D, Mishuris G. The viscous froth model: steady states and the high-velocity limit. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2009.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The steady-state solutions of the viscous froth model for foam dynamics are analysed and shown to be of finite extent or to asymptote to straight lines. In the high-velocity limit, the solutions consist of straight lines with isolated points of infinite curvature. This analysis is helpful in the interpretation of observations of anomalous features of mobile two-dimensional foams in channels. Further physical effects need to be adduced in order to fully account for these.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Cox
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, UK
| | - D. Weaire
- School of Physics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G. Mishuris
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, UK
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Frenz L, Blouwolff J, Griffiths AD, Baret JC. Microfluidic production of droplet pairs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:12073-6. [PMID: 18823095 DOI: 10.1021/la801954w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study a microfluidic dual nozzle for the production of water-in-oil droplet pairs. Droplets are paired by the hydrodynamic coupling of two nozzles over a wide range of aqueous and oil flow rates provided that they are larger than the channel dimensions. The droplet production frequencies and volumes are related to the flow rates through a single, experimentally determined power-law. The data are in good agreement with a model based on a geometrical decomposition of the dual nozzle leading to a general equation of droplet frequencies as a function of the various flow rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Frenz
- Institut de Science et d'Ingenierie Supramoleculaires (ISIS), Universite Louis Pasteur, CNRS UMR 7006, Strasbourg, France
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