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Hashimoto K, Oikawa H, Shibata H. Characterization of Porous β-Type Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics Formed via Physical Foaming with Freeze-Drying. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5363. [PMID: 38791401 PMCID: PMC11120988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Porous β-tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2; β-TCP) was prepared via freeze-drying and the effects of this process on pore shapes and sizes were investigated. Various samples were prepared by freezing β-TCP slurries above a liquid nitrogen surface at -180 °C with subsequent immersion in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. These materials were then dried under reduced pressure in a freeze-dryer, after which they were sintered with heating. Compared with conventional heat-based drying, the resulting pores were more spherical, which increased both the mechanical strength and porosity of the β-TCP. These materials had a wide range of pore sizes from 50 to 200 µm, with the mean and median values both approximately 100 µm regardless of the freeze-drying conditions. Mercury porosimetry data showed that the samples contained small, interconnected pores with sizes of 1.24 ± 0.25 µm and macroscopic, interconnected pores of 25.8 ± 4.7 µm in size. The effects of nonionic surfactants having different hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) values on foaming and pore size were also investigated. Materials made with surfactants having lower HLB values exhibited smaller pores and lower porosity, whereas higher HLB surfactants gave higher porosity and slightly larger macropores. Even so, the pore diameter could not be readily controlled solely by adjusting the HLB value. The findings of this work indicated that high porosity (>75%) and good compressive strength (>2 MPa) can both be obtained in the same porous material and that foaming agents with HLB values between 12.0 and 13.5 were optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino-shi 275-0016, Chiba, Japan; (H.O.); (H.S.)
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2
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Jiang X, Koike R. Numerical Study of the Effect of High Gravity in Material Extrusion System and Polymer Characteristics during Filament Fabrication. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3037. [PMID: 37514426 PMCID: PMC10385754 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer science plays a crucial role in the understanding and numerical study of material extrusion processes that have revolutionized additive manufacturing (AM). This study investigated the impact of high-gravity conditions on material extrusion and conducted a numerical study by referring to the development of a high-gravity material extrusion system (HG-MEX). In this study, we evaluated the polymeric characteristics of HG-MEX. By analyzing the interplay between polymer behavior and gravity, we provide insights into the effects of high gravity on extrusion processes, including filament flow, material deposition, and the resulting fabrication characteristics. The established numerical study of high-gravity material extrusion in additive manufacturing is a meaningful and valuable approach for improving the quality and efficiency of the process. This study is unique in that it incorporates material surface characteristics to represent the performance and contact with polymer science in additive manufacturing. The findings presented herein contribute to a broader understanding of polymer science and its practical implications for HG-MEX under various gravitational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Research and Development Department, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina 243-0435, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Koike
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Kanagawa, Japan
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Xie Z, Shentu J, Long Y, Lu L, Shen D, Qi S. Effect of dissolved organic matter on selective oxidation of toluene by ozone micro-nano bubble water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138400. [PMID: 36925009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation capacity of ozone micro-nano bubble water (OMBW) was always higher than ozonated water due to enhanced contact by bubble interface, while the effect of coexisted dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the oxidation efficiency was still unclear. In this paper, batch experiments were carried out to investigate the selective oxidation of toluene by both OMBW and ozonated water (OW) with coexisted DOM in water. Five types of background solutions were applied in this study, including humic acid solution, fulvic acid solution and three types of diluted landfill leachates at the same content of total organic carbon. Results showed that coexisted DOM had a greater inhibition effect on toluene oxidation rate by OMBW, and the oxidation rate of toluene by OMBW and OW became close. It was mainly caused by the decreased reaction rate between toluene and hydroxyl radical (kT-OH·) in OMBW after the introduction of DOM, which competed for the adsorption sites on micro-nano bubble interface. The fraction of ozone to oxidize toluene as well as kT-OH· was in positive correlations with SUVA254 and the content of humic acid-like substances, but negatively correlated with E2/E3, content of tryptophan-like proteins and content of fulvic acid-like substances. In addition, increasing the ozone dose was not effective in increasing the utilization rate of ozone in OMBW due to limited adsorption sites on micro-nano bubble interface. The paper was conductive to the application of ozone micro-nano bubble water in groundwater remediation with complex water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Jiali Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Li Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Shengqi Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
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Gong L, Wu F, Yang W, Huang C, Li W, Wang X, Wang J, Tang T, Zeng H. Unraveling the hydrophobic interaction mechanisms of hydrocarbon and fluorinated surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 635:273-283. [PMID: 36587579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Numerous hydrocarbon and fluorine-based hydrophobic surfaces have been widely applied in various engineering and bioengineering fields. It is hypothesized that the hydrophobic interactions of hydrocarbon and fluorinated surfaces in aqueous media would show some differences. EXPERIMENTS The hydrophobic interactions of hydrocarbon and fluorinated surfaces with air bubbles in aqueous solutions have been systematically and quantitatively measured using a bubble probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. Ethanol was introduced to water for modulating the solution polarity. The experimental force profiles were analyzed using a theoretical model combining the Reynolds lubrication theory and augmented Young-Laplace equation by including disjoining pressure arisen from the Derjarguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) and non-DLVO interactions (i.e., hydrophobic interactions). FINDINGS The experiment results show that the hydrophobic interactions were firstly weakened and then strengthened by increasing ethanol content in the aqueous media, mainly due to the variation in interfacial hydrogen bonding network. The fluorinated surface exhibited less sensitivity to ethanol than hydrocarbon surface, which is attributed to the presence of ordered interfacial water layer. Our work reveals the different hydrophobic effects of hydrocarbon and fluorinated surfaces, with useful implications on modulating the interfacial interactions of relevant materials in various engineering and bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Feiyi Wu
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Wenshuai Yang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Charley Huang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Heavy Machinery Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Heavy Machinery Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Tian Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Hao Z, Chen H, Jin X, Liu Z. Comparative Study on the Behavior of Keyhole in Analogy Welding and Real Deep Penetration Laser Welding. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:9001. [PMID: 36556807 PMCID: PMC9783988 DOI: 10.3390/ma15249001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In deep penetration laser welding, the behavior of the keyhole has an important influence on the welding quality. As it is difficult to directly observe the keyhole and detect the pressure inside the keyhole during metal laser welding, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods are commonly used methods in studying keyhole behavior. However, these methods cannot provide direct real information on keyhole behavior. In this paper, a method of analogy welding is proposed, in which high speed gas is used to blow the liquid to generate the keyhole. Relevant process experiments were conducted to explore keyhole behavior in analogy welding and real deep penetration laser welding. The pressure balance of the keyhole, both in analogy welding and real deep penetration laser welding, were analyzed. The laws obtained in analogy welding and real deep penetration laser welding are similar, which indicates that studying keyhole formation and the maintenance principle using the analogy welding method proposed in this paper may be helpful for deep understanding of the keyhole formation and maintenance mechanisms in real deep penetration laser welding.
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Manufacturing a TiO2-Based Semiconductor Film with Nanofluid Pool Boiling and Sintering Processes toward Solar-Cell Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071165. [PMID: 35407284 PMCID: PMC9000513 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, nanofluid boiling was applied as a process for the creation of a semiconductor TiO2 nanoparticle film that can be deposited onto a conductive substrate (F-doped SnO2 glass: FTO). A steel-base device designed for pool boiling was used to deposit a TiO2-based nanofluid consisting of nanoparticles with an average size of about 20 nm. The boiling of the nanofluid directly on the FTO glass substrate allowed for the deposition of the nanoparticles onto the FTO surface. In principle, the surface responsible for transferring heat to the fluid can be covered with these nanoparticles when the nanofluid boils. Using the as-deposited films, crystal growth of the TiO2 nanoparticle was controlled by varying the strategies of the post-sintering profile. The maximum temperatures, periods, and ramping rates for the obtained samples were systematically changed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that a densely packed TiO2-nanoparticle layer was obtained for the as-deposited substrate via pool boiling. For the maximum temperature at 550 °C, the TiO2 grain sizes became larger (~50 nm) and more round-shaped TiO2 nanostructures were identified. Notably, we have demonstrated for the first time how the sintering of TiO2 nanoparticles proceeds for the nanoporous TiO2 films using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. We found that the TiO2 nanoparticles fused with each other and crystal growth occurred through neighboring 2–4 nanoparticles for the 550 °C sample, which was proved by the TEM analysis that continuous lattice fringes corresponding to the (101) anatase phase were clearly observed through the entire area of some nanoparticles aligned horizontally. In addition, the loss of the TiO2 nanofluid (precursor solution) was completely avoided in our TiO2 deposition. Unlike the commonly used spin-coating method, nanofluid pool boiling would provide an alternative cost-effective approach to manufacture semiconductor layers for various applications, such as solar cells.
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Dousti A, Gharedaghi H, Hanafizadeh P, Ashjaee M. Different nanofluids effect on bubble characteristics at the isothermal bubble column. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Dousti
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Gharedaghi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Pedram Hanafizadeh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Ashjaee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
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Zhang Y, Hu M, Zhou Y. An Experimental Study on Bubble Growth in Laponite RD as Thixotropic Yield Material. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13132887. [PMID: 32605053 PMCID: PMC7372451 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The growth and release of the leading major bubble at the tip of a needle in the thixotropic yield material Laponite RD was different from subsequent minor bubbles. The gas injection experiments combined with high-speed camera were conducted. The results showed that the shape of the major bubbles transformed from an inverted carrot shape to an inverted teardrop shape, while the shape of the minor bubbles tended to be elliptical. In addition, the pressure of bubble emergence consisted of hydrostatic pressure, capillary pressure, and cracking pressure. The major and minor bubbles differed only in the cracking pressure. The pressure when the minor bubble detached could be estimated from the lateral hydrostatic pressure. It can be deduced from dimensionless numbers that buoyancy and viscous forces were, respectively, the main driving force and resistance of bubble growth. The yield stress of Laponite RD and inertial force at the initial moment resulted in distinctive behavior of the major bubble. In addition to the viscosity resistance, surface tension, and hydrostatic pressure had a non-negligible influence on minor bubbles and still accounted for 10-20% of the total resistance in the later stage but less than 5% in major bubble growth.
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Liu YM, Wu ZQ, Bao S, Guo WH, Li DW, He J, Zeng XB, Huang LJ, Lu QQ, Guo YZ, Chen RQ, Ye YJ, Zhang CY, Deng XD, Yin DC. The Possibility of Changing the Wettability of Material Surface by Adjusting Gravity. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:2640834. [PMID: 32043083 PMCID: PMC7007757 DOI: 10.34133/2020/2640834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The contact angle, as a vital measured parameter of wettability of material surface, has long been in dispute whether it is affected by gravity. Herein, we measured the advancing and receding contact angles on extremely low contact angle hysteresis surfaces under different gravities (1-8G) and found that both of them decrease with the increase of the gravity. The underlying mechanism is revealed to be the contact angle hysteresis and the deformation of the liquid-vapor interface away from the solid surface caused by gradient distribution of the hydrostatic pressure. The real contact angle is not affected by gravity and cannot measured by an optical method. The measured apparent contact angles are angles of inclination of the liquid-vapor interface away from the solid surface. Furthermore, a new equation is proposed based on the balance of forces acting on the three-phase contact region, which quantitatively reveals the relation of the apparent contact angle with the interfacial tensions and gravity. This finding can provide new horizons for solving the debate on whether gravity affects the contact angle and may be useful for the accurate measurement of the contact angle and the development of a new contact angle measurement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ming Liu
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000 Sichuan, China
| | - Zi-Qing Wu
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng Bao
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Hong Guo
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin He
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Zeng
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Jun Huang
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin-Qin Lu
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun-Zhu Guo
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui-Qing Chen
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Jing Ye
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Yan Zhang
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu-Dong Deng
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- Key Lab of Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangdong, China
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Gharedaghi H, Dousti A, Hanafizadeh P, Ashjaee M. Numerical investigation of temperature increment effect on bubble dynamics in stagnant water and Al 2O 3 nanofluid column. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2017.1368754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Gharedaghi
- Center of Excellence in Design and Optimization of Energy Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Dousti
- Center of Excellence in Design and Optimization of Energy Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Hanafizadeh
- Center of Excellence in Design and Optimization of Energy Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ashjaee
- Center of Excellence in Design and Optimization of Energy Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Gharedaghi H, Dousti A, Eshraghi J, Hanafizadeh P, Ashjaee M. A novel numerical approach for investigation of the gas bubble characteristics in stagnant liquid using Young-Laplace equation. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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