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Wang T, Li W, Wu G. Bioinspired Tetranuclear Manganese Cubane Complex as an Efficient Molecular Electrocatalyst for Two-Electron Water Oxidation Towards Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406701. [PMID: 38740950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Stable homogeneous two-electron water oxidation electrocatalysts are highly demanded to understand the precise mechanism and reaction intermediates of electrochemical H2O2 production. Here we report a tetranuclear manganese complex with a cubane structure which can electrocatalyze water oxidation to hydrogen peroxide under alkaline and neutral conditions. Such a complex demonstrates an optimal Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 87 %, which is amongst (if not) the highest FE(H2O2) of reported homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysts. In addition, active species were identified and co-catalysts were excluded through ESI-MS characterization. Furthermore, we identified water binding sites and isolated one-electron oxidation intermediate by chemical oxidation of the catalyst in the presence of water substrates. It is evident that efficient proton-accepting electrolytes avoid rapid proton building-up at electrode and substantially improve reaction rate and selectivity. Accordingly, we propose a two-electron catalytic cycle model for water oxidation to hydrogen peroxide with the bioinspired molecular electrocatalyst. The present work is expected to provide an ideal platform to elucidate the two-electron WOR mechanism at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongshuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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2
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Cheng S, Sun Y, Li Y, Zhang S, Yang L, Chen C, Huang Z, Xia X, Li H. Synergy of oxygen reduction for H 2O 2 production and electro-fenton induced by atomic hydrogen over a bifunctional cathode towards water purification. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143022. [PMID: 39103102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In the Electro-Fenton (EF) process, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced in situ by a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR), which is further activated by electrocatalysts to generate reactive oxygen specieces (ROS). However, the selectivity of 2e transfer from catalysts to O2 is still unsatisfactory, resulting in the insufficient H2O2 availability. Carbon based materials with abundant oxygen-containing functional groups have been used as excellent 2e ORR electrocatalysts, and atomic hydrogen (H*) can quickly transfer one electron to H2O2 in a wide pH range and avoiding the restrict of traditional Fenton reaction. Herein, nickel nanoparticles growth on oxidized carbon deposited on modified carbon felt (Ni/Co@CFAO) was prepared as a bifunctional catalytic electrode coupling 2e ORR to form H2O2 with H* reducing H2O2 to produce ROS for highly efficient degradation of antibiotics. Electrochemical oxidation and thermal treatment were used to modulate the structure of carbon substrates for increasing the electro-generation of H2O2, while H* was produced over Ni sites through H2O/H+ reduction constructing an in-situ EF system. The experimental results indicated that 2e ORR and H* induced EF processes could promote each other mutually. The optimized Ni/Co@CFAO with a Ni:C mass ratio of 1:9 exhibited a high 2e selectivity and H2O2 yield of 49 mg L-1. As a result, the designed Ni/Co@CFAO exhibited excellent electrocatalytic ability to degrade tetracycline (TC) under different aqueous environmental conditions, and achieved 98.5% TC removal efficiency within 60 min H2O2 and H* were generated simultaneously at the bifunctional cathode and react to form strong oxidizing free radicals •OH. At the same time, O2 gained an electron to form •O2-, which could react with •OH and H2O to form 1O2, which had relatively long life (10-6∼10-3 s), further promoting the efficient removal of antibiotics in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingbo Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhegang Huang
- PCFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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3
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Tuci G, Rossin A, Saki Z, Caporaso L, Liu Y, Centi G, Giambastiani G. The Still Elusive Role of Lightweight Doping in Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts for the Selective Oxygen Reduction Reaction to Hydrogen Peroxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400660. [PMID: 38847086 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The two-electron electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a valuable alternative to the more conventional and energy-intensive anthraquinone process. From a circularity viewpoint, metal-free catalysts constitute a sustainable alternative for the process. In particular, lightweight hetero-doped C-materials are cost-effective and easily scalable samples that replace - more and more frequently - the use of critical raw elements in the preparation of highly performing (electro)catalysts. Anyhow, their large-scale exploitation in industrial processes still suffers from technical limits of samples upscale and reproducibility other than a still moderate comprehension of their action mechanism in the process. This concept article offers a comprehensive and exhaustive "journey" through the most representative lightweight hetero-doped C-based electrocatalysts and their performance in the 2e- ORR process. It provides an interpretation of phenomena at the triple-phase interface of solid catalyst, liquid electrolyte and gaseous oxygen based on the doping-driven generation of ideal electronic microenvironments at the catalyst surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tuci
- Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Andrea Rossin
- Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Zeinab Saki
- Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- University of Salerno, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli"/DCB, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Yuefeng Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Gabriele Centi
- University of Messina, Department ChiBioFarA, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
- European Research Institute of Catalysis (ERIC aisbl), Rond Point Robert Schuman,14, B-1040, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff" - DICUS - and INSTM Research Unit, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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4
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Qiao R, Wang J, Hu H, Lu S. Covalent Organic Frameworks Based Electrocatalysts for Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Design Principles, Recent Advances, and Perspective. Molecules 2024; 29:2563. [PMID: 38893439 PMCID: PMC11173880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an environmentally friendly oxidant with a wide range of applications, and the two-electron pathway (2e-) of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for H2O2 production has attracted much attention due to its eco-friendly nature and operational simplicity in contrast to the conventional anthraquinone process. The challenge is to design electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity and to understand their structure-activity relationship and catalytic mechanism in the ORR process. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide an efficient template for the construction of highly efficient electrocatalysts due to their designable structure, excellent stability, and controllable porosity. This review firstly outlines the design principles of COFs, including the selection of metallic and nonmetallic active sites, the modulation of the electronic structure of the active sites, and the dimensionality modulation of the COFs, to provide guidance for improving the production performance of H2O2. Subsequently, representative results are summarized in terms of both metallic and metal-free sites to follow the latest progress. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives of 2e- ORR electrocatalysts based on COFs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuanglong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Zhao G, Chen T, Tang A, Yang H. Roles of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups in Carbon for Electrocatalytic Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304065. [PMID: 38487973 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed great research interests in developing high-performance electrocatalysts for the two-electron (2e-) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that enables the sustainable and flexible synthesis of H2O2. Carbon-based electrocatalysts exhibit attractive catalytic performance for the 2e- ORR, where oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs) play a decisive role. However, current understanding is far from adequate, and the contribution of OFGs to the catalytic performance remains controversial. Therefore, a critical overview on OFGs in carbon-based electrocatalysts toward the 2e- ORR is highly desirable. Herein, we go over the methods for constructing OFGs in carbon including chemical oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, and precursor inheritance. Then we review the roles of OFGs in activating carbon toward the 2e- ORR, focusing on the intrinsic activity of different OFGs and the interplay between OFGs and metal species or defects. At last, we discuss the reasons for inconsistencies among different studies, and personal perspectives on the future development in this field are provided. The results provide insights into the origin of high catalytic activity and selectivity of carbon-based electrocatalysts toward the 2e- ORR and would provide theoretical foundations for the future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tianci Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Aidong Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Huaming Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Mineral Materials and Application, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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6
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Jia S, Yu H, Na J, Liu Z, Lv K, Ren Z, Sun S, Shao Z. Efficient Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Oxygen-Doped Porous Carbon Catalysts at Industrial Current Densities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38659341 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Metal-free carbon catalysts (MFCCs) are one of the commonly used catalysts for electrocatalytic two-electron oxygen reduction (2e- ORR) synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Oxygen doping is an effective means to improve the performance of MFCCs, but the performance of oxygen-doped carbon catalysts is still not high enough, and the contribution of different oxygen functional groups (OFGs) to the catalytic performance is still inconclusive. In this paper, carbon-based catalysts with different oxygen contents and ratios of OFGs were prepared, and the high 2e- ORR activity of COOH + C-OH was demonstrated by combining the results of experiments and theoretical calculations. The prepared oxygen-doped carbon-based catalyst C-0.1M80 achieved an onset potential of 0.795 V (vs RHE), a selectivity of up to 98.2% (0.6 V vs RHE), and a H2O2 oxidation current of 1.33 mA cm-2 (0.5 V vs RHE) in a rotating ring-disk electrode test (0.1 M KOH solution), which was an outstanding performance in MFCCs. In a solid electrolyte flow cell, C-0.1M80 achieved a Faraday efficiency of 97.5% at 200 mA cm-2 with a corresponding H2O2 production rate of 123.7 mg cm-2 h-1. In addition, a flow cell stability test was performed at an industrial current density (100 mA cm-2) with an astounding 200 h of uninterrupted operation, also achieving an outstanding average Faradaic efficiency (95.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyuan Jia
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingchen Na
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaiqiu Lv
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Ren
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shucheng Sun
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhigang Shao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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7
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Trench AB, Fernandes CM, Moura JPC, Lucchetti LEB, Lima TS, Antonin VS, de Almeida JM, Autreto P, Robles I, Motheo AJ, Lanza MRV, Santos MC. Hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration from O 2 electroreduction: A review focusing on carbon electrocatalysts and environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141456. [PMID: 38367878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stands as one of the foremost utilized oxidizing agents in modern times. The established method for its production involves the intricate and costly anthraquinone process. However, a promising alternative pathway is the electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production, accomplished through the oxygen reduction reaction via a 2-electron pathway. This method not only simplifies the production process but also upholds environmental sustainability, especially when compared to the conventional anthraquinone method. In this review paper, recent works from the literature focusing on the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction promoted by carbon electrocatalysts are summarized. The practical applications of these materials in the treatment of effluents contaminated with different pollutants (drugs, dyes, pesticides, and herbicides) are presented. Water treatment aiming to address these issues can be achieved through advanced oxidation electrochemical processes such as electro-Fenton, solar-electro-Fenton, and photo-electro-Fenton. These processes are discussed in detail in this work and the possible radicals that degrade the pollutants in each case are highlighted. The review broadens its scope to encompass contemporary computational simulations focused on the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction, employing different models to describe carbon-based electrocatalysts. Finally, perspectives and future challenges in the area of carbon-based electrocatalysts for H2O2 electrogeneration are discussed. This review paper presents a forward-oriented viewpoint of present innovations and pragmatic implementations, delineating forthcoming challenges and prospects of this ever-evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline B Trench
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Machado Fernandes
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo C Moura
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Lanna E B Lucchetti
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Thays S Lima
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S Antonin
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - James M de Almeida
- Ilum Escola de Ciência - Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Brazil
| | - Pedro Autreto
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Irma Robles
- Center for Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry, S.C., Parque Tecnologico Queretaro, 76703, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Artur J Motheo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos R V Lanza
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Mauro C Santos
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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Taqieddin A, Sarrouf S, Ehsan MF, Alshawabkeh AN. New Insights on Designing the Next-Generation Materials for Electrochemical Synthesis of Reactive Oxidative Species Towards Efficient and Scalable Water Treatment: A Review and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 11:111384. [PMID: 38186676 PMCID: PMC10769459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical water remediation technologies offer several advantages and flexibility for water treatment and degradation of contaminants. These technologies generate reactive oxidative species (ROS) that degrade pollutants. For the implementation of these technologies at an industrial scale, efficient, scalable, and cost-effective in-situ ROS synthesis is necessary to degrade complex pollutant mixtures, treat large amount of contaminated water, and clean water in a reasonable amount of time and cost. These targets are directly dependent on the materials used to generate the ROS, such as electrodes and catalysts. Here, we review the key design aspects of electrocatalytic materials for efficient in-situ ROS generation. We present a mechanistic understanding of ROS generation, including their reaction pathways, and integrate this with the key design considerations of the materials and the overall electrochemical reactor/cell. This involves tunning the interfacial interactions between the electrolyte and electrode which can enhance the ROS generation rate up to ~ 40% as discussed in this review. We also summarized the current and emerging materials for water remediation cells and created a structured dataset of about 500 electrodes and 130 catalysts used for ROS generation and water treatment. A perspective on accelerating the discovery and designing of the next generation electrocatalytic materials is discussed through the application of integrated experimental and computational workflows. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive review and perspectives on designing and discovering materials for ROS synthesis, which are critical not only for successful implementation of electrochemical water remediation technologies but also for other electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taqieddin
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Stephanie Sarrouf
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Muhammad Fahad Ehsan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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Gimenes Vernasqui L, de Oliveira Santiago Santos G, Isidro J, Oliveira Silva T, de Vasconcelos Lanza MR, Saez C, Gomes Ferreira N, Rodrigo Rodrigo MA. New diamond coatings for a safer electrolytic disinfection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117871-117880. [PMID: 37875760 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new coating of boron-doped diamond ultra-nanocrystalline (U-NBDD), tailored to prevent massive formation of perchlorates during disinfection, is evaluated as electrode for the reclaiming of treated secondary wastewater by the electrochemically assisted disinfection process. Results obtained are compared to those obtained by using a standard electrode (STD) that was evaluated as a standard in previous research showing outstanding performance for this application. First tests were carried out to evaluate the chlorine speciation obtained after the electrolysis of synthetic chloride solutions at two different ranges of current densities. Concentrations of hypochlorite obtained using the U-NBDD anode at 25 mA cm-2 were 1.5-fold higher, outperforming STD anode; however, at 300 mA cm-2, an overturn on the behavior of anodes occurs where the amount of hypochlorite produced on STD anode was 1.5-fold higher. Importantly, at low current density the formation of chlorates and perchlorates is null using U-NBDD. Then, the disinfection of the real effluent of the secondary clarifier of a municipal wastewater treatment facility is assessed, where inactivation of Escherichia coli is achieved at low charge applied per volume electrolyzed (0.08 A h L-1) at 25 mA cm-2 using the U-NBDD. These findings demonstrate the appropriateness of the strategy followed in this work to obtain safer electro-disinfection technologies for the reclaiming of treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Gimenes Vernasqui
- Laboratório Associado de Sensores E Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Av. Dos Astronautas, São José Dos Campos, SP, 1758, 12227 010, Brazil
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gessica de Oliveira Santiago Santos
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Grupo de Processos Eletroquímicos e Ambientais, GPEA Research Group -São Carlos São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Julia Isidro
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Taynara Oliveira Silva
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Grupo de Processos Eletroquímicos e Ambientais, GPEA Research Group -São Carlos São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos Lanza
- Grupo de Processos Eletroquímicos e Ambientais, GPEA Research Group -São Carlos São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Cristina Saez
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Neidenei Gomes Ferreira
- Laboratório Associado de Sensores E Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Av. Dos Astronautas, São José Dos Campos, SP, 1758, 12227 010, Brazil
| | - Manuel Andres Rodrigo Rodrigo
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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10
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Jiang K, Li Z, Yu Y, Li J, Ma Z, Wei H, Chu H. SO x-modified porous carbon as a highly active electrocatalyst for efficient H 2O 2 generation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10271-10274. [PMID: 37538047 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02513f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A SOx-decorated porous carbon electrocatalyst that exhibits excellent 2e- oxygen reduction reaction activity is synthesized using UV-curing technology in combination with a pyrolysis process. The H2O2 selectivity using the SOx-porous C shows 95.1% at 0.4 V and delivers a H2O2 production rate of 604.2 mmol gcat-1 h-1. Density-functional theory calculations reveal the reasons for the improvement of catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhong Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Zhenyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Jiefei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Zhuoyuan Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Haibin Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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11
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Mugo SM, Lu W, Robertson S. Anthraquinone-Polyaniline-Integrated Textile Platforms for In Situ Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide for Microbial Deactivation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2859. [PMID: 37447504 PMCID: PMC10361206 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a versatile and effective disinfectant against common pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Electrochemical H2O2 generation has been studied in the past, but a lack of studies exists on miniaturized electrochemical platforms for the on-demand synthesis of H2O2 for antibacterial applications. In this article, a chemically modified cotton textile platform capable of in situ H2O2 production is demonstrated for E. coli deactivation. The cotton textile was modified by layer-by-layer coating with conductive carbon nanotubes/cellulose nanocrystals (CNT/CNC) and a polymer of polyaniline (PANI) decorated with anthraquinone (AQ), designated as the AQ@PANI@CNT/CNC@textile antibacterial patch. The AQ@PANI@CNT/CNC@textile antibacterial textile patch H2O2 production capabilities were evaluated using both electrochemical and colorimetric methods. The AQ@PANI@CNT/CNC@textile antibacterial patch electrochemically produced H2O2 concentrations up to 209 ± 25 µM over a 40 min period and displayed a log reduction of 3.32 for E. coli over a period of 2 h. The AQ@PANI@CNT/CNC@textile antibacterial patch offers promise for use as a self-disinfecting pathogen control platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Mugo
- Physical Sciences Department, MacEwan University, 10700-104 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Weihao Lu
- Physical Sciences Department, MacEwan University, 10700-104 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Scott Robertson
- Physical Sciences Department, MacEwan University, 10700-104 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
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12
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Huang X, Song M, Zhang J, Shen T, Luo G, Wang D. Recent Advances of Electrocatalyst and Cell Design for Hydrogen Peroxide Production. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:86. [PMID: 37029260 PMCID: PMC10082148 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 via a selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction has emerged as an attractive alternative to the current energy-consuming anthraquinone process. Herein, the progress on electrocatalysts for H2O2 generation, including noble metal, transition metal-based, and carbon-based materials, is summarized. At first, the design strategies employed to obtain electrocatalysts with high electroactivity and high selectivity are highlighted. Then, the critical roles of the geometry of the electrodes and the type of reactor in striking a balance to boost the H2O2 selectivity and reaction rate are systematically discussed. After that, a potential strategy to combine the complementary properties of the catalysts and the reactor for optimal selectivity and overall yield is illustrated. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising opportunities for high-efficient H2O2 electrochemical production are highlighted for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Modeling the electrosynthesis of H2O2: Understanding the role of predatory species. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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14
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Wen H, Huang S, Meng X, Xian X, Zhao J, Roy VAL. Recent progress in the design of photocatalytic H 2O 2 synthesis system. Front Chem 2022; 10:1098209. [PMID: 36618869 PMCID: PMC9815808 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1098209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide under mild reaction conditions is a promising technology. This article will review the recent research progress in the design of photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis systems. A comprehensive discussion of the strategies that could solve two essential issues related to H2O2 synthesis. That is, how to improve the reaction kinetics of H2O2 formation via 2e- oxygen reduction reaction and inhibit the H2O2 decomposition through a variety of surface functionalization methods. The photocatalyst design and the reaction mechanism will be especially stressed in this work which will be concluded with an outlook to show the possible ways for synthesizing high-concentration H2O2 solution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobing Wen
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Sen Huang
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xianguang Meng
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China,*Correspondence: Xianguang Meng, ; Xiaole Xian, ; Jingjing Zhao,
| | - Xiaole Xian
- Traditional Chinese Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China,*Correspondence: Xianguang Meng, ; Xiaole Xian, ; Jingjing Zhao,
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China,*Correspondence: Xianguang Meng, ; Xiaole Xian, ; Jingjing Zhao,
| | - Vellaisamy A. L. Roy
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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15
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Wang Y, Zou J, Cao Y, Zhu Z, Pan F, Jiang Z. Hybrid membranes by co-assembling rigid BN nanosheets and flexible GO nanosheets for concentrating hydrogen peroxide solution. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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16
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Chaparinia F, Cheshmeh Soltani RD, Safari M, Godini H, Khataee A. Treatment of aquatic medium containing common and emerging contaminants using an aero-electrochemical process based on graphite cathode and three metal oxides alloy as anode: Central composite design and photo/sono-enhancement. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134129. [PMID: 35231477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An aero-electrochemical advanced oxidation process (aero-EAOP) equipped with graphite cathode and dimensionally stable anodes was utilized for the treatment of aquatic media containing common and emerging contaminants. Among various anode materials, the application of Ti/RuO2/IrO2/SnO2 anode resulted in the highest effectiveness. Central composite experimental design (CCED) was used to attain the optimum operational parameters in terms of chlorine generation. Simultaneous decolorization and ammonium removal by the aero-EAOP process were investigated. Accordingly, the decolorization efficiency of 94%, along with the ammonium removal of 65.2%, was obtained within 30 min. Implementation of ultrasound and UV irradiation resulted in the complete decolorization within 25 and 20 min, respectively. In comparison, the influence of ultrasound and UV irradiation on the ammonium removal by the aero-EAOP reactor was not remarkable. Mineralization efficiency of 75.1% was obtained during the short reaction time of 30 min. With increasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 2 to 20 min, decolorization efficiency increased from 12.0 to 55.7% and ammonium removal efficiency increased from 16.6 to 37.8%, respectively. The complete degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) and tetracycline (TC) antibiotics were achieved within 25 and 30 min, respectively. The degradation efficiencies of ibuprofen (IBP), acetaminophen (APAP) and endocrine disrupting compound of bisphenol A (BPA) were obtained to be 58, 66 and 78% within 30 min, respectively. Photo-assisted aero-EAOP was more efficient than the aero-EAOP in degrading target emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Chaparinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Safari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hatam Godini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprous, Mersin 10, Turkey; Department of Material Science and Physical Chemistry of Materials, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
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17
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Huang X, Liu W, Zhang J, Song M, Zhang C, Li J, Zhang J, Wang D. Coupling Co-N-C with MXenes Yields Highly Efficient Catalysts for H 2O 2 Production in Acidic Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11350-11358. [PMID: 35199988 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) offers a promising method to replace the anthraquinone process for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. However, the efficiency of this process suffers from sluggish kinetics, particularly in an acidic environment. Therefore, employing catalysts with high electroactivity is highly desirable for H2O2 synthesis. Here, an effective strategy for preparing Co-N-C/Ti3C2Tx with high H2O2 selectivity and ORR reactivity is proposed. The acquired Co-N-C/Ti3C2Tx shows excellent H2O2 electrosynthesis performance in acidic media with H2O2 productivity of up to 3200 ppm h-1, superior to state-of-the-art catalysts. Interestingly, a H2O2 concentration of 6.0 wt % was obtained after the stability test, and the Co-N-C/Ti3C2Tx catalyst was found to effectively catalyze organic dye degradation. Further analysis reveals that the enhanced H2O2 electrosynthesis performance originates from the layered structure and the oxygen functional groups of Ti3C2Tx. The layered structure can effectively promote increased exposure of active sites, while the oxygen functional groups will fine-tune the electronic structure of Co atoms, allowing a selective ORR pathway to produce H2O2. This work provides a strategy to design and fabricate highly efficient catalysts for H2O2 production and degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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18
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Shi H, Wu Q, Wu Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Huang H, Liu Y, Kang Z. A metal free catalyst for efficient and stable one-step photocatalytic production of pure hydrogen peroxide. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely used as a green and clean energy. The pure H2O2 solution has attracted much attention for its special applications in many fields. Photocatalytic water splitting...
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19
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Wu Q, Zhou S, Fu C, Zhang J, Chen B, Pan H, Lin Q. Direct synthesis of H 2O 2 over Pd–M@HCS (M = Sn, Fe, Co, or Ni): effects of non-noble metal M on the electronic state and particle size of Pd. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01074g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct synthesis of H2O2 in a yolk–shell structure assisted by M (M = Fe,Co,Ni,Sn) metal doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quansheng Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, and Guizhou Key Laboratory for Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Songhua Zhou
- Guizhou Tianfu Chemical Co.,LTD, Qiannan, Guizhou 558000, China
| | - Chengbing Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, and Guizhou Key Laboratory for Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jiesong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, and Guizhou Key Laboratory for Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, and Guizhou Key Laboratory for Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Hongyan Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, and Guizhou Key Laboratory for Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- State key laboratory of efficient utilization for low grade phosphate rock and its associated resources, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, and Guizhou Key Laboratory for Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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20
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Anantharaj S, Karthik PE, Noda S. The Significance of Properly Reporting Turnover Frequency in Electrocatalysis Research. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sengeni Anantharaj
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Pitchiah Esakki Karthik
- Department of Chemical Engineering Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Suguru Noda
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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21
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Anantharaj S, Karthik PE, Noda S. The Significance of Properly Reporting Turnover Frequency in Electrocatalysis Research. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23051-23067. [PMID: 34523770 PMCID: PMC8596788 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For decades, turnover frequency (TOF) has served as an accurate descriptor of the intrinsic activity of a catalyst, including those in electrocatalytic reactions involving both fuel generation and fuel consumption. Unfortunately, in most of the recent reports in this area, TOF is often not properly reported or not reported at all, in contrast to the overpotentials at a benchmarking current density. The current density is significant in determining the apparent activity, but it is affected by catalyst-centric parasitic reactions, electrolyte-centric competing reactions, and capacitance. Luckily, a properly calculated TOF can precisely give the intrinsic activity free from these phenomena in electrocatalysis. In this Viewpoint we ask: 1) What makes the commonly used activity markers unsuitable for intrinsic activity determination? 2) How can TOF reflect the intrinsic activity? 3) Why is TOF still underused in electrocatalysis? 4) What methods are used in TOF determination? and 5) What is essential in the more accurate calculation of TOF? Finally, the significance of normalizing TOF by Faradaic efficiency (FE) is stressed and we give our views on the development of universal analytical tools to determine the exact number of active sites and real surface area for all kinds of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengeni Anantharaj
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Advanced Science and EngineeringWaseda University3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-kuTokyo169-8555Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and EngineeringWaseda University3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-kuTokyo169-8555Japan
| | - Pitchiah Esakki Karthik
- Department of Chemical EngineeringHanyang University222 Wangsimni ro, Seongdong-guSeoul04763Republic of Korea
| | - Suguru Noda
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Advanced Science and EngineeringWaseda University3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-kuTokyo169-8555Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and EngineeringWaseda University3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-kuTokyo169-8555Japan
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