1
|
Yan Y, Yang X, Ning P, Wang C, Sun X, Wang F, Gao P, Li K. Cu/TiO 2 adsorbents modified by air plasma for adsorption-oxidation of H 2S. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:476-488. [PMID: 39095182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, non-thermal plasma (NTP) was employed to modify the Cu/TiO2 adsorbent to efficiently purify H2S in low-temperature and micro-oxygen environments. The effects of Cu loading amounts and atmospheres of NTP treatment on the adsorption-oxidation performance of the adsorbents were investigated. The NTP modification successfully boosted the H2S removal capacity to varying degrees, and the optimized adsorbent treated by air plasma (Cu/TiO2-Air) attained the best H2S breakthrough capacity of 113.29 mg H2S/gadsorbent, which was almost 5 times higher than that of the adsorbent without NTP modification. Further studies demonstrated that the superior performance of Cu/TiO2-Air was attributed to increased mesoporous volume, more exposure of active sites (CuO) and functional groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups), enhanced Ti-O-Cu interaction, and the favorable ratio of active oxygen species. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated the main reason for the deactivation was the consumption of the active components (CuO) and the agglomeration of reaction products (CuS and SO42-) occupying the active sites on the surface and the inner pores of the adsorbents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Yan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; National-Regional Engineering Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chi Wang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; City College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; National-Regional Engineering Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao S, Ning J, He X, Wang T, Xu C, Chen M, Wang K, Zhou M, Jiang K. In Situ Plasma Polymerization of Self-Stabilized Polythiophene Enables Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes with Ultra-Long Cycle Life. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311204. [PMID: 38459801 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Constructing a flexible and chemically stable multifunctional layer for the lithium (Li) metal anodes is a highly effective approach to improve the uneven deposition of Li+ and suppress the dendrite growth. Herein, an organic protecting layer of polythiophene is in situ polymerized on the Li metal via plasma polymerization. Compared with the chemically polymerized thiophene (C-PTh), the plasma polymerized thiophene layer (P-PTh), with a higher Young's modulus of 8.1 GPa, shows strong structural stability due to the chemical binding of the polythiophene and Li. Moreover, the nucleophilic C─S bond of polythiophene facilitates the decomposition of Li salts in the electrolytes, promoting the formation of LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers. The synergetic effect of the rigid LiF as well as the flexible PTh-Li can effectively regulate the uniform Li deposition and suppress the growth of Li dendrites during the repeated stripping-plating, enabling the Li anodes with long-cycling lifespan over 8000 h (1 mA cm-2, 1 mAh cm-2) and 2500 h (10 mA cm-2, 10 mAh cm-2). Since the plasma polymerization is facile (5-20 min) and environmentally friendly (solvent-free), this work offers a novel and promising strategy for the construction of the forthcoming generation of high-energy-density batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Manlin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kangli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiao H, Wang B, Zhang Y. Effect of DBD Plasma Treatment on Activity of Mo-Based Sulfur-Resistant Methanation Catalyst. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202301002. [PMID: 38443312 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202301002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
By combining the advantages of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) low temperature plasma and fluidized bed, the effect of plasma on the performance of supported Mo-based catalyst was studied in this paper. The performance of the catalyst obtained by plasma treatment, calcined, plasma+calcined was compared, and the appropriate catalyst preparation scheme was explored. Comparing with the three catalysts, it was concluded that the catalyst average conversion after 30 W plasma treatment is 33.40 %, which was 8.94 % and 12.75 % higher than the other two, respectively. The structure and properties of the catalyst were characterized by N2-Physisorption, H2-chemisorption, XRD, TEM, XPS, Raman and NO-pulse adsorption. Then, by analyzing the characterization results, it can be seen that plasma can make the catalyst have a higher specific surface area and a more dispersed active metal with smaller grain size. Through the surface species identification characterization, it was found that plasma can produce more defective structures and expose more active sites, which is the main reason for the difference in conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Baowei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin Y, Luo B, Li K, Moskowitz BM, Mosevitzky Lis B, Wachs IE, Zhu M, Sun Y, Zhu T, Li X. Plasma-assisted manipulation of vanadia nanoclusters for efficient selective catalytic reduction of NO x. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3592. [PMID: 38678057 PMCID: PMC11055856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Supported nanoclusters (SNCs) with distinct geometric and electronic structures have garnered significant attention in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. However, their directed synthesis remains a challenge due to limited efficient approaches. This study presents a plasma-assisted treatment strategy to achieve supported metal oxide nanoclusters from a rapid transformation of monomeric dispersed metal oxides. As a case study, oligomeric vanadia-dominated surface sites were derived from the classic supported V2O5-WO3/TiO2 (VWT) catalyst and showed nearly an order of magnitude increase in turnover frequency (TOF) value via an H2-plasma treatment for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. Such oligomeric surface VOx sites were not only successfully observed and firstly distinguished from WOx and TiO2 by advanced electron microscopy, but also facilitated the generation of surface amide and nitrates intermediates that enable barrier-less steps in the SCR reaction as observed by modulation excitation spectroscopy technologies and predicted DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yin
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bingcheng Luo
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kezhi Li
- Institute of Engineering Technology, Sinopec Catalyst Co. Ltd., Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Benjamin M Moskowitz
- Operando Molecular Spectroscopy & Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Bar Mosevitzky Lis
- Operando Molecular Spectroscopy & Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Israel E Wachs
- Operando Molecular Spectroscopy & Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ye Sun
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianle Zhu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang W, Mai J, Liu L, Yu N, Fu L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Wu Y, van Ree T. Recent advances of bifunctional catalysts for zinc air batteries with stability considerations: from selecting materials to reconstruction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4368-4401. [PMID: 37638171 PMCID: PMC10448312 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
With the growing depletion of traditional fossil energy resources and ongoing enhanced awareness of environmental protection, research on electrochemical energy storage techniques like zinc-air batteries is receiving close attention. A significant amount of work on bifunctional catalysts is devoted to improving OER and ORR reaction performance to pave the way for the commercialization of new batteries. Although most traditional energy storage systems perform very well, their durability in practical applications is receiving less attention, with issues such as carbon corrosion, reconstruction during the OER process, and degradation, which can seriously impact long-term use. To be able to design bifunctional materials in a bottom-up approach, a summary of different kinds of carbon materials and transition metal-based materials will be of assistance in selecting a suitable and highly active catalyst from the extensive existing non-precious materials database. Also, the modulation of current carbon materials, aimed at increasing defects and vacancies in carbon and electron distribution in metal-N-C is introduced to attain improved ORR performance of porous materials with fast mass and air transfer. Finally, the reconstruction of catalysts is introduced. The review concludes with comprehensive recommendations for obtaining high-performance and highly-durable catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jiarong Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Nengfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yankai Liu
- Hunan Bolt Power New Energy Co., Ltd Dianjiangjun Industrial Park, Louxing District Loudi 417000 Hunan China
| | - Yuping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- Hunan Bolt Power New Energy Co., Ltd Dianjiangjun Industrial Park, Louxing District Loudi 417000 Hunan China
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Teunis van Ree
- Department of Chemistry, University of Venda Thohoyandou 0950 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang T, Zhou L, Yang CH, Zhang SW. Self-cementation of gold tailings activated by nonthermal plasma irradiated calcium (hydro)oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 325:121442. [PMID: 36921659 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The alkalinity of CaO is commonly insufficient in alkali-activating raw soils or minerals for the formation of cementation or geopolymerization. In this study, nonthermal plasma (NTP) irradiation was employed to activate traditional CaO to enhance its efficacy in alkali activation and further intensify the self-cementation of gold tailings. The solidification/stabilization (S/S) of the gold tailings-based matrix activated by NTP-CaO was better than that of CaO. The NTP irradiation enhanced the surface hydroxyl groups and oxygen atoms, decreased the binding energy, formed nanoparticles, and significantly changed the morphologies of the calcium activator. The dosage of the NTP-irradiated CaO (NTP-CaO) directly affected the self-cemented solidification/stabilization of gold tailings. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model was appropriate for analysing the NTP-CaO-activated geopolymerization kinetics of gold tailings. Three-dimensional (3D) structural minerals covered with small pores were determined in the NTP-CaO-activated cemented samples. The employment of NTP-CaO facilitated the formation of aluminosilicate geopolymers during the self-cementation of gold tailings according to comprehensive characterization strategies. The study achieves the efficient self-remediation of gold tailings by activating calcium precursors, which further solves the contradiction between salinization and alkali activation in the field of noncalcined cementitious materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China; School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
| | - Lulu Zhou
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - Chun-Hai Yang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - Shu-Wen Zhang
- Nuclear Resources Engineering College, University of South China, 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou J, Wei T, An X. Combining non-thermal plasma technology with photocatalysis: a critical review. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1538-1545. [PMID: 36541425 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to the excellent application prospects in the fields of new energy generation and environmental remediation, photocatalysis technology has attracted the increasing attention of researchers. Although significant progress has been made in the past decades, the practical application of this technology is still restricted by the moderate catalytic efficiency. To improve the performance of catalysts, new methods are extremely required for the controllable synthesis of high-efficiency catalysts. To further comprehend the relationship between material structure and catalytic activity, the surface active sites of catalysts should be regulated at the atomic and molecular levels. As the fourth state of matter, plasma can generate diverse active species with low energy consumption. As a subset of plasmas, non-thermal plasma (NTP), defined by the great temperature difference between ions (near room temperature) and electrons (usually hotter than 2 orders of magnitude), contributes to the rapid synthesis of functional nanomaterials under relatively mild conditions. Furthermore, NTP has been widely used for the surface modification of materials. Therefore, the combination of NTP and photocatalysis is expected to provide an ideal approach to synthesize high-performance catalysts and precisely customize their surface structures, which is becoming a new direction in the field of catalysis research. This paper fundamentally reviews the progress in the combination of NTP with photocatalysis for versatile applications. Beginning with the principles of photocatalysis and plasma technology, the application of NTP for catalyst synthesis, the plasma-assisted modification of surface actives sites, and the impact of plasma-involved processes on the catalytic performance are discussed, which will provide useful insights into the performance enhancement of catalysts via plasma-assisted processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tingcha Wei
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xiaoqiang An
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Muslimov AE, Gadzhiev MK, Kanevsky VM. Influence of Plasma Treatment Parameters on the Structural-Phase Composition, Hardness, Moisture-Resistance, and Raman-Enhancement Properties of Nitrogen-Containing Titanium Dioxide. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8514. [PMID: 36500006 PMCID: PMC9736553 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The paper shows, for the first time, the prospects of treatment with a quasi-equilibrium low-temperature nitrogen plasma in an open atmosphere for the formation of super-hard, super-hydrophobic TiN/TiO2 composite coatings with pronounced Raman-enhancement properties. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy, as well as the analysis of hardness and moisture-resistance properties, are used as analytical research methods. During plasma treatment of titanium films on sapphire with a mass average temperature of 4-6 kK, an X-ray amorphous hydrophilic titanium oxide film with a low nitrogen content is formed. The nitrogen content in titanium oxide films increases with increasing treatment temperature up to 6-7 kK. In this case, an X-ray amorphous hydrophobic film is formed. With a further increase in temperature to 7-10 kK, a TiN/TiO2 composite structure based on polycrystalline rutile is formed with increased hydrophobicity and pronounced Raman enhancement properties due to the effective excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. The presence of the crystalline phase increases the dephasing time, which determines the quality of the resonance and the achievable amplification of the electromagnetic field near the TiN inclusions. All treated films on sapphire have a super-hardness above 25 GPa (Vickers hardness test) due to high grain size, the presence of nitrogen-containing inclusions concentrated along grain boundaries, and compressive stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arsen E. Muslimov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Makhach Kh. Gadzhiev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Vladimir M. Kanevsky
- Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Moscow 119333, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muslimov AE, Gadzhiev MK, Kanevsky VM. Synthesis of Superhydrophobic Barium Hexaferrite Coatings with Low Magnetic Hardness. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7865. [PMID: 36363455 PMCID: PMC9655212 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using the multifunctional material barium hexaferrite as an example, the prospects for treatment at a quasi-equilibrium low temperature in an open atmosphere to form superhydrophobic magnetic coatings with pronounced crystalline and magnetic anisotropy have been demonstrated for the first time. The relationship between plasma treatment conditions, structural-phase composition, morphology, and superhydrophobic properties of (0001) films of barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19 on C-sapphire is studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as magnetometry and moisture resistance analysis, were used as research methods. During plasma treatment with a mass-average temperature of 8-10 kK, intense evaporation and surface melting were observed, and texturing of the deposit along (0001) is found. When the treatment temperature was reduced to 4-5 kK, the evaporation of the material was minimized and magnetic and crystal anisotropy increased. However, the increase in the size of crystallites was accompanied by the transition of oxygen atoms from lattice nodes to interstitial positions. All samples exhibited low coercive fields below 500 Oe, associated with the frustration of the magnetic subsystem. Features of growth of materials with a wurtzite structure were used to form a superhydrophobic coating of barium hexaferrite. Plasma treatment regimes for obtaining self-cleaning coatings are proposed. The use of magnetically hard barium hexaferrite to radically change the properties of a coating is demonstrated herein as an example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arsen E. Muslimov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Makhach Kh Gadzhiev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir M. Kanevsky
- Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|