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Michaud ME, Mota L, Bakhtiari M, Thomas BE, Tomeo J, Pilcher W, Contreras M, Ferran C, Bhasin SS, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, LoGerfo FW, Liang P, Bhasin MK. Early Injury Landscape in Vein Harvest by Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics. Circ Res 2024; 135:110-134. [PMID: 38808504 PMCID: PMC11189745 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vein graft failure following cardiovascular bypass surgery results in significant patient morbidity and cost to the healthcare system. Vein graft injury can occur during autogenous vein harvest and preparation, as well as after implantation into the arterial system, leading to the development of intimal hyperplasia, vein graft stenosis, and, ultimately, bypass graft failure. Although previous studies have identified maladaptive pathways that occur shortly after implantation, the specific signaling pathways that occur during vein graft preparation are not well defined and may result in a cumulative impact on vein graft failure. We, therefore, aimed to elucidate the response of the vein conduit wall during harvest and following implantation, probing the key maladaptive pathways driving graft failure with the overarching goal of identifying therapeutic targets for biologic intervention to minimize these natural responses to surgical vein graft injury. METHODS Employing a novel approach to investigating vascular pathologies, we harnessed both single-nuclei RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics analyses to profile the genomic effects of vein grafts after harvest and distension, then compared these findings to vein grafts obtained 24 hours after carotid-carotid vein bypass implantation in a canine model (n=4). RESULTS Spatial transcriptomic analysis of canine cephalic vein after initial conduit harvest and distention revealed significant enrichment of pathways (P<0.05) involved in the activation of endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells, namely pathways responsible for cellular proliferation and migration and platelet activation across the intimal and medial layers, cytokine signaling within the adventitial layer, and ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling throughout the vein wall. Subsequent single-nuclei RNA-sequencing analysis supported these findings and further unveiled distinct EC and fibroblast subpopulations with significant upregulation (P<0.05) of markers related to endothelial injury response and cellular activation of ECs, fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Similarly, in vein grafts obtained 24 hours after arterial bypass, there was an increase in myeloid cell, protomyofibroblast, injury response EC, and mesenchymal-transitioning EC subpopulations with a concomitant decrease in homeostatic ECs and fibroblasts. Among these markers were genes previously implicated in vein graft injury, including VCAN, FBN1, and VEGFC, in addition to novel genes of interest, such as GLIS3 and EPHA3. These genes were further noted to be driving the expression of genes implicated in vascular remodeling and graft failure, such as IL-6, TGFBR1, SMAD4, and ADAMTS9. By integrating the spatial transcriptomics and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing data sets, we highlighted the spatial architecture of the vein graft following distension, wherein activated and mesenchymal-transitioning ECs, myeloid cells, and fibroblasts were notably enriched in the intima and media of distended veins. Finally, intercellular communication network analysis unveiled the critical roles of activated ECs, mesenchymal-transitioning ECs, protomyofibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells in upregulating signaling pathways associated with cellular proliferation (MDK [midkine], PDGF [platelet-derived growth factor], VEGF [vascular endothelial growth factor]), transdifferentiation (Notch), migration (ephrin, semaphorin), ECM remodeling (collagen, laminin, fibronectin), and inflammation (thrombospondin), following distension. CONCLUSIONS Vein conduit harvest and distension elicit a prompt genomic response facilitated by distinct cellular subpopulations heterogeneously distributed throughout the vein wall. This response was found to be further exacerbated following vein graft implantation, resulting in a cascade of maladaptive gene regulatory networks. Together, these results suggest that distension initiates the upregulation of pathological pathways that may ultimately contribute to bypass graft failure and presents potential early targets warranting investigation for targeted therapies. This work highlights the first applications of single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic analyses to investigate venous pathologies, underscoring the utility of these methodologies and providing a foundation for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E. Michaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.E.M., M.B., B.E.T., S.S.B., M.K.B.)
| | - Lucas Mota
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mojtaba Bakhtiari
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.E.M., M.B., B.E.T., S.S.B., M.K.B.)
| | - Beena E. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.E.M., M.B., B.E.T., S.S.B., M.K.B.)
| | - John Tomeo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William Pilcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.P., M.K.B.)
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Division of Nephrology (C.F.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Swati S. Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.E.M., M.B., B.E.T., S.S.B., M.K.B.)
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (S.S.B., M.K.B.)
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank W. LoGerfo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patric Liang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (L.M., J.T., M.C., C.F., L.P.-N., F.W.L., P.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Manoj K. Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.E.M., M.B., B.E.T., S.S.B., M.K.B.)
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (S.S.B., M.K.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.P., M.K.B.)
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Yue W, Zhang H, Gao Y, Ding J, Xue R, Dong C, Liu F, Yang L, Yang L, Li L. Procollagen-lysine 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 promotes collagen cross-linking and ECM stiffening to induce liver fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167205. [PMID: 38696846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Procollagen-lysine 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (Plod2) is a key collagen lysyl hydroxylase mediating the formation of collagen fiber and stabilized collagen cross-links, and has been identified in several forms of fibrosis. However, the potential role and regulatory mechanism of Plod2 in liver fibrosis remain unclear yet. Mouse liver fibrosis models were induced by injecting carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneally. The morphology and alignment of collagen was observed under transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy. Large amounts of densely packed fibrillar collagen fibers produced by myofibroblasts (MFs) were deposited in fibrotic liver of mice reaching very large diameters in the cross section, accompanied with ECM stiffening, which was positively correlated with collagen-crosslinking. The expression of Plod2 was dynamically up-regulated in fibrotic liver of mouse and human. In MFs transfection of Plod2 siRNA made collagen fibers more orderly and linear aligned which can be easily degraded and protected from ECM stiffness. Administration of Plod2 siRNA preventatively or therapeutically in CCl4 mice reduced the average size of collagen bundles in transverse section, increased collagen solubility, decreases the levels of crosslinking products hydroxylysylpyridinoline and lysylpyridinoline, prevented ECM stiffening and alleviated liver fibrosis. Altogether, Plod2 mediates the formation of stabilized profibrotic collagen cross-links in MFs, leading to the alteration of collagen solubility and ECM stiffness, and eventually aggravates liver fibrosis, which provide potential target for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingru Ding
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Renmin Xue
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chengbin Dong
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fuquan Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Michaud ME, Mota L, Bakhtiari M, Thomas BE, Tomeo J, Pilcher W, Contreras M, Ferran C, Bhasin S, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, LoGerfo FW, Liang P, Bhasin MK. Integrated single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveals propagation of early acute vein harvest and distension injury signaling pathways following arterial implantation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.31.564995. [PMID: 37961724 PMCID: PMC10635041 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.564995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Vein graft failure (VGF) following cardiovascular bypass surgery results in significant patient morbidity and cost to the healthcare system. Vein graft injury can occur during autogenous vein harvest and preparation, as well as after implantation into the arterial system, leading to the development of intimal hyperplasia, vein graft stenosis, and, ultimately, bypass graft failure. While previous studies have identified maladaptive pathways that occur shortly after implantation, the specific signaling pathways that occur during vein graft preparation are not well defined and may result in a cumulative impact on VGF. We, therefore, aimed to elucidate the response of the vein conduit wall during harvest and following implantation, probing the key maladaptive pathways driving graft failure with the overarching goal of identifying therapeutic targets for biologic intervention to minimize these natural responses to surgical vein graft injury. Methods Employing a novel approach to investigating vascular pathologies, we harnessed both single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) analyses to profile the genomic effects of vein grafts after harvest and distension, then compared these findings to vein grafts obtained 24 hours after carotid-cartoid vein bypass implantation in a canine model (n=4). Results Spatial transcriptomic analysis of canine cephalic vein after initial conduit harvest and distention revealed significant enrichment of pathways (P < 0.05) involved in the activation of endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts (FBs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), namely pathways responsible for cellular proliferation and migration and platelet activation across the intimal and medial layers, cytokine signaling within the adventitial layer, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling throughout the vein wall. Subsequent snRNA-seq analysis supported these findings and further unveiled distinct EC and FB subpopulations with significant upregulation (P < 0.00001) of markers related to endothelial injury response and cellular activation of ECs, FBs, and VSMCs. Similarly, in vein grafts obtained 24 hours after arterial bypass, there was an increase in myeloid cell, protomyofibroblast, injury-response EC, and mesenchymal-transitioning EC subpopulations with a concomitant decrease in homeostatic ECs and fibroblasts. Among these markers were genes previously implicated in vein graft injury, including VCAN (versican), FBN1 (fibrillin-1), and VEGFC (vascular endothelial growth factor C), in addition to novel genes of interest such as GLIS3 (GLIS family zinc finger 3) and EPHA3 (ephrin-A3). These genes were further noted to be driving the expression of genes implicated in vascular remodeling and graft failure, such as IL-6, TGFBR1, SMAD4, and ADAMTS9. By integrating the ST and snRNA-seq datasets, we highlighted the spatial architecture of the vein graft following distension, wherein activated and mesenchymal-transitioning ECs, myeloid cells, and FBs were notably enriched in the intima and media of distended veins. Lastly, intercellular communication network analysis unveiled the critical roles of activated ECs, mesenchymal transitioning ECs, protomyofibroblasts, and VSMCs in upregulating signaling pathways associated with cellular proliferation (MDK, PDGF, VEGF), transdifferentiation (Notch), migration (ephrin, semaphorin), ECM remodeling (collagen, laminin, fibronectin), and inflammation (thrombospondin), following distension. Conclusions Vein conduit harvest and distension elicit a prompt genomic response facilitated by distinct cellular subpopulations heterogeneously distributed throughout the vein wall. This response was found to be further exacerbated following vein graft implantation, resulting in a cascade of maladaptive gene regulatory networks. Together, these results suggest that distension initiates the upregulation of pathological pathways that may ultimately contribute to bypass graft failure and presents potential early targets warranting investigation for targeted therapies. This work highlights the first applications of single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic analyses to investigate venous pathologies, underscoring the utility of these methodologies and providing a foundation for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E. Michaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lucas Mota
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mojtaba Bakhtiari
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Beena E. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John Tomeo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - William Pilcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Swati Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Frank W. LoGerfo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patric Liang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Manoj K. Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Gaar J, Naffa R, Brimble M. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic crosslinks found in collagen and elastin and their chemical synthesis. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review summarized the enzymatic and non-enzymatic crosslinks found in collagen and elastin and their organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gaar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland Central 1010
- New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
| | - Rafea Naffa
- New Zealand Leather and Shoe Research Association
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Margaret Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland Central 1010
- New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
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5
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Collagen cross-linking mediated by lysyl hydroxylase 2: an enzymatic battlefield to combat fibrosis. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:377-387. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe hallmark of fibrosis is an excessive accumulation of collagen, ultimately leading to organ failure. It has become evident that the deposited collagen also exhibits qualitative modifications. A marked modification is the increased cross-linking, leading to a stabilization of the collagen network and limiting fibrosis reversibility. Not only the level of cross-linking is increased, but also the composition of cross-linking is altered: an increase is seen in hydroxyallysine-derived cross-links at the expense of allysine cross-links. This results in irreversible fibrosis, as collagen cross-linked by hydroxyallysine is more difficult to degrade. Hydroxyallysine is derived from a hydroxylysine in the telopeptides of collagen. The expression of lysyl hydroxylase (LH) 2 (LH2), the enzyme responsible for the formation of telopeptidyl hydroxylysine, is universally up-regulated in fibrosis. It is expected that inhibition of this enzyme will lead to reversible fibrosis without interfering with the normal repair process. In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of collagen modifications and cross-linking, with an emphasis on LH2-mediated hydroxyallysine cross-links, and their implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of fibrosis.
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Shao S, Zhang X, Duan L, Fang H, Rao S, Liu W, Guo B, Zhang X. Lysyl Hydroxylase Inhibition by Minoxidil Blocks Collagen Deposition and Prevents Pulmonary Fibrosis via TGF-β₁/Smad3 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8592-8601. [PMID: 30481795 PMCID: PMC6278642 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a deadly disease characterized by excessive collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the lungs. Collagen is the primary protein component of the ECM. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the formation and deposition of collagen in the ECM under normal and pathological conditions remain unclear. Previous studies showed that lysyl hydroxylase (LH) plays a crucial role in the formation of collagen. Minoxidil is an FDA-approved anti-hypertensive agent that inhibits LH that reduces fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the functional roles of LHs (LH1, LH2, and LH3) in pulmonary fibrosis and the anti-fibrotic effects of minoxidil. Material/Methods Patient serum samples were examined for their expression of procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenases (PLOD) 1–3, the genes encoding LH 1–3. Mice with bleomycin (BLM 2.5 mg/kg)-induced pulmonary fibrosis were administered a minoxidil solution (30 mg/kg) by oral gavage. Results The PLOD mRNA levels were significantly higher in the IPF patients than in the healthy control subjects. Minoxidil suppressed the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. These effects were associated with blocking TGF-β1/Smad3 signal transduction and attenuating the expression and activity of LHs, resulting in decreased collagen formation, thus reducing the pulmonary fibrosis. The anti-fibrotic effects of minoxidil may be mediated through competitive inhibition of LHs activity, resulting in decreased pyridine cross-link formation and collagen production and deposition. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that LH represents a target to prevent or treat pulmonary fibrosis, and minoxidil may provide an effective agent to inhibit LHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjun Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangning Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Lingdi Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Haiyan Fang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Shanshan Rao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Weijia Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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7
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Qi Y, Xu R. Roles of PLODs in Collagen Synthesis and Cancer Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:66. [PMID: 30003082 PMCID: PMC6031748 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the major component of extracellular matrix. Collagen cross-link and deposition depend on lysyl hydroxylation, which is catalyzed by procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD). Aberrant lysyl hydroxylation and collagen cross-link contributes to the progression of many collagen-related diseases, such as fibrosis and cancer. Three lysyl hydroxylases (LH1, LH2, and LH3) are identified, encoded by PLOD1, PLOD2, and PLOD3 genes. Expression of PLODs is regulated by multiple cytokines, transcription factors and microRNAs. Dysregulation of PLODs promotes cancer progression and metastasis, suggesting that targeting PLODs is potential strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the investigation of function and regulation of PLODs in normal tissue development and disease progression, especially in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Qi
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ren Xu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Naffa R, Holmes G, Ahn M, Harding D, Norris G. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the simultaneous quantitation of collagen and elastin crosslinks. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1478:60-67. [PMID: 27916391 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel chromatographic analytical method for the simultaneous quantitation of collagen crosslinks. Seven non-derivatised crosslinks could be separated on a Cogent Diamond Hydride HPLC column using either isocratic or gradient conditions then detected by mass spectrometry. The total run time was less than 10min which is significantly shorter than that previously reported. This is the first method in which histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine (HHL) and histidinohydroxymero-desmosine (HHMD) were separated and identified by mass spectrometry without the need for pre- or post-column derivatization. The CVs of the retention times of all seven crosslinks were less than 1% and the limit of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.07-0.13pmol/μL and 0.20-0.38pmol/μL, respectively. This novel method was used for the routine analysis and quantitation of crosslinks in different animal skins in which potential new collagen crosslinks were identified that are as yet undocumented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafea Naffa
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Geoff Holmes
- Leather and Shoe Research Association, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Meekyung Ahn
- Leather and Shoe Research Association, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Harding
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gillian Norris
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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