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Gao D, Yan C, Wang Y, Yang H, Liu M, Wang Y, Li C, Li C, Cheng G, Zhang L. Drug-eluting contact lenses: Progress, challenges, and prospects. Biointerphases 2024; 19:040801. [PMID: 38984804 DOI: 10.1116/6.0003612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Topical ophthalmic solutions (eye drops) are becoming increasingly popular in treating and preventing ocular diseases for their safety, noninvasiveness, and ease of handling. However, the static and dynamic barriers of eyes cause the extremely low bioavailability (<5%) of eye drops, making ocular therapy challenging. Thus, drug-eluting corneal contact lenses (DECLs) have been intensively investigated as a drug delivery device for their attractive properties, such as sustained drug release and improved bioavailability. In order to promote the clinical application of DECLs, multiple aspects, i.e., drug release and penetration, safety, and biocompatibility, of these drug delivery systems were thoroughly examined. In this review, we systematically discussed advances in DECLs, including types of preparation materials, drug-loading strategies, drug release mechanisms, strategies for penetrating ocular barriers, in vitro and in vivo drug delivery and penetration detection, safety, and biocompatibility validation methods, as well as challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Gao
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Chunxiao Yan
- The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cornea and Ocular Surface Diseases, Liaoning Provincial Optometry Technology Engineering Research Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Heqing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Mengxin Liu
- The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cornea and Ocular Surface Diseases, Liaoning Provincial Optometry Technology Engineering Research Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Tsinglan School, Songshan Lake, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, China
- The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cornea and Ocular Surface Diseases, Liaoning Provincial Optometry Technology Engineering Research Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, China
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2
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Kim JR, Kim SY, Kang H, Kim DI, Yoo HJ, Han SM, Lu P, Moon GD, Hyun DC. Contact Lens with pH Sensitivity for On-Demand Drug Release in Wearing Situation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5372-5384. [PMID: 37967413 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug-releasing contact lenses are emerging therapeutic systems for treating ocular diseases. However, their applicability is limited by the burst release of drugs during lens wear and premature drug leakage during packaging, rendering the precise control of release duration or dose difficult. Here, we introduce a pH-sensitive contact lens exhibiting on-demand drug release only during lens wear and negligible premature drug leakage during packaging and transportation, which is accomplished by incorporating drug-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) coated with a pH-sensitive polymer into the contact lens. The compositionally optimized pH-sensitive polymer has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at >45 °C at pH 7.4, whereas its LCST decreases to <35 °C under acidic conditions (pH ∼ 6.5). Consequently, the MSN-incorporated contact lens sustainably releases the loaded drugs only in the acidic state at 35 °C, which corresponds to lens-wear conditions, through the MSN pores that open because of the shrinkage of polymer chains. Conversely, negligible drug leakage is observed from the contact lens under low-temperature or neutral-pH conditions corresponding to packaging and transportation. Furthermore, compared with the plain contact lens, the pH-sensitive contact lens exhibits good biocompatibility and unchanged bulk characteristics, such as optical (transmittance in the visible-light region), mechanical (elastic modulus and tensile strength), and physical (surface roughness, oxygen permeability, and water content) properties. These findings suggest that the pH-sensitive contact lens can be potentially applied in ocular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ryeol Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Hosu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Da In Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Sung Mi Han
- Optical Convergence Technology Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Geon Dae Moon
- Dongnam Regional Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan 46938, Korea
| | - Dong Choon Hyun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
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3
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Casey-Power S, Vardar C, Ryan R, Behl G, McLoughlin P, Byrne ME, Fitzhenry L. NAD+-associated-hyaluronic acid and poly(L-lysine) polyelectrolyte complexes: An evaluation of their potential for ocular drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:62-78. [PMID: 37797681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This study details the formation and characterisation of a novel nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-associated polymeric nanoparticle system. The development of a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) composed of two natural polyelectrolytes, hyaluronic acid and poly(L-lysine), and an evaluation of its suitability for NAD+ ocular delivery, primarily based on its physicochemical properties and in vitro release profile under physiological ocular flow rates, were of key focus. Following optimisation of formulation method conditions such as complexation pH, mode of addition, and charge ratio, the PEC was successfully formulated under mild formulation conditions via polyelectrolyte complexation. With a size of 235.1 ± 19.0 nm, a PDI value of 0.214 ± 0.140, and a zeta potential value of - 38.0 ± 1.1 mV, the chosen PEC, loaded with 430 µg of NAD+ per mg of PEC, exhibited non-Fickian, sustained release at physiological flowrates of 10.9 ± 0.2 mg of NAD+ over 14 h. PECs containing up to 200 µM of NAD+ did not induce any significant cytotoxic effects on an immortalised human corneal epithelial cell line. Using fluorescent labeling, the NAD+-associated PECs demonstrated retention within the corneal epithelium layer of a porcine model up to 6 h post incubation under physiological conditions. A study of the physicochemical behaviour of the PECs, in terms of size, zeta potential and NAD+ complexation in response to environmental stimuli,highlighted the dynamic nature of the PEC matrix and its dependence on both pH and ionic condition. Considering the successful formation of reproducible NAD+-associated PECs with suitable characteristics for ocular drug delivery via an inexpensive formulation method, they provide a promising platform for NAD+ ocular delivery with a strong potential to improve ocular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoirse Casey-Power
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland.
| | - Camila Vardar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Richie Ryan
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland.
| | - Gautam Behl
- EirGen Pharma, UNIT 64/64A, Westside Business Park, Old Kilmeaden Road, Co. Waterford X91 YV67, Ireland.
| | - Peter McLoughlin
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland.
| | - Mark E Byrne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Laurence Fitzhenry
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland.
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4
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Lai CF, Shiau FJ. Hydrogel Contact Lenses Embedded with Amine-Functionalized Large-Pore Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Extended Hyaluronic Acid Release. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2441. [PMID: 37686949 PMCID: PMC10490223 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Contact lenses (CLs) have emerged as an effective method for delivering ophthalmic drugs. In this research, we designed hydrogel CLs capable of extended release, utilizing large-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LPMSNs) to deliver hyaluronic acid (HA) for treating dry eye syndrome. LPMSNs were functionalized with amine groups (LPMSN-amine) to enhance HA loading and release capacity. In vitro release studies demonstrated that LPMSN-amine CLs exhibited superior slower HA release than LPMSN-siloxane and standard CLs. Within 120 h, the cumulative amount of HA released from LPMSN-amine CLs reached approximately 275.58 µg, marking a 12.6-fold improvement compared to standard CLs, when loaded from 0.1 wt% HA solutions. Furthermore, LPMSN-amine CLs effectively maintained moisture, mitigating ocular surface dehydration, making them a promising solution for dry eye management. This study successfully developed LPMSN-amine CLs for extended HA release, identifying the optimal functional groups and loading conditions to achieve sustained release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Lai
- Department of Photonics, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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5
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Lai CF, Shiau FJ. Enhanced and Extended Ophthalmic Drug Delivery by pH-Triggered Drug-Eluting Contact Lenses with Large-Pore Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18630-18638. [PMID: 37023369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drug-eluting contact lenses (DCLs) have attracted considerable attention as potential therapeutic ophthalmic drug delivery devices. In this study, we propose, fabricate, and investigate pH-triggered DCLs that are combined with large-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LPMSNs). Compared to reference DCLs, LPMSN-laden DCLs can prolong the residence time of glaucoma drugs in an artificial lacrimal fluid (ALF) environment at pH 7.4. Additionally, LPMSN-laden DCLs do not require drug preloading and are compatible with current contact lens manufacturing processes. LPMSN-laden DCLs soaked at pH 6.5 exhibit better drug loading than reference DCLs due to their specific adsorption. The sustained and extended release of glaucoma drugs by LPMSN-laden DCLs was successfully monitored in ALF, and the drug release mechanism was further explained. We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of LPMSN-laden DCLs, and qualitative and quantitative results showed no cytotoxicity. Our experimental results demonstrate that LPMSNs are excellent nanocarriers that have the potential to be used as safe and stable nanocarriers for the delivery of glaucoma drugs or other drugs. pH-triggered LPMSN-laden DCLs can significantly improve drug loading efficiency and control prolonged drug release, indicating that they have great potential for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Lai
- Department of Photonics, Feng Chia University, No. 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jia Shiau
- Department of Photonics, Feng Chia University, No. 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
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6
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Pereira-da-Mota AF, Vivero-Lopez M, Garg P, Phan CM, Concheiro A, Jones L, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. In vitro-in vivo correlation of drug release profiles from medicated contact lenses using an in vitro eye blink model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1116-1127. [PMID: 36528710 PMCID: PMC9981533 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is still a paucity of information on how in vitro release profiles from drug-loaded contact lenses (CLs) recorded in 3D printed eye models correlate with in vivo profiles. This work aims to evaluate the release profiles of two drug-loaded CLs in a 3D in vitro eye blink model and compare the obtained results with the release in a vial and the drug levels in tear fluid previously obtained from an animal in vivo study. In vitro release in the eye model was tested at two different flow rates (5 and 10 µL/min) and a blink speed of 1 blink/10 s. Model CLs were loaded with two different drugs, hydrophilic pravastatin and hydrophobic resveratrol. The release of both drugs was more sustained and lower in the 3D eye model compared to the in vitro release in vials. Interestingly, both drugs presented similar release patterns in the eye model and in vivo, although the total amount of drugs released in the eye model was significantly lower, especially for resveratrol. Strong correlations between percentages of pravastatin released in the eye model and in vivo were found. These findings suggest that the current 3D printed eye blink model could be a useful tool to measure the release of ophthalmic drugs from medicated CLs. Nevertheless, physiological parameters such as the composition of the tear fluid and eyeball surface, tear flow rates, and temperature should be optimized in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Pereira-da-Mota
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Piyush Garg
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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7
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Abdi B, Mofidfar M, Hassanpour F, Kirbas Cilingir E, Kalajahi SK, Milani PH, Ghanbarzadeh M, Fadel D, Barnett M, Ta CN, Leblanc RM, Chauhan A, Abbasi F. Therapeutic contact lenses for the treatment of corneal and ocular surface diseases: advances in extended and targeted drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122740. [PMID: 36804524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The eye is one of the most important organs in the human body providing critical information on the environment. Many corneal diseases can lead to vision loss affecting the lives of people around the world. Ophthalmic drug delivery has always been a major challenge in the medical sciences. Since traditional methods are less efficient (∼ 5%) at delivering drugs to ocular tissues, contact lenses have generated growing interest in ocular drug delivery due to their potential to enhance drug bioavailability in ocular tissues. The main techniques used to achieve sustained release are discussed in this review, including soaking in drug solutions, incorporating drug into multilayered contact lenses, use of vitamin E barriers, molecular imprinting, nanoparticles, micelles and liposomes. The most clinically relevant results on different eye pathologies are presented. In addition, this review summarizes the benefits of contact lenses over eye drops, strategies for incorporating drugs into lenses to achieve sustained release, results of in vitro and in vivo studies, and the recent advances in the commercialization of therapeutic contact lenses for allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Abdi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mofidfar
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Hassanpour
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh K Kalajahi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Paria H Milani
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghanbarzadeh
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daddi Fadel
- Center for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Barnett
- University of California, Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christopher N Ta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, CO, USA.
| | - Farhang Abbasi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Guiomar AJ, Urbano AM. Polyhexanide-Releasing Membranes for Antimicrobial Wound Dressings: A Critical Review. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1281. [PMID: 36557188 PMCID: PMC9781366 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic, non-healing skin wounds in the general population, most notably diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers and pressure ulcers, is approximately 2% and is expected to increase, driven mostly by the aging population and the steady rise in obesity and diabetes. Non-healing wounds often become infected, increasing the risk of life-threatening complications, which poses a significant socioeconomic burden. Aiming at the improved management of infected wounds, a variety of wound dressings that incorporate antimicrobials (AMDs), namely polyhexanide (poly(hexamethylene biguanide); PHMB), have been introduced in the wound-care market. However, many wound-care professionals agree that none of these wound dressings show comprehensive or optimal antimicrobial activity. This manuscript summarizes and discusses studies on PHMB-releasing membranes (PRMs) for wound dressings, detailing their preparation, physical properties that are relevant to the context of AMDs, drug loading and release, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, wound-healing capacity, and clinical trials conducted. Some of these PRMs were able to improve wound healing in in vivo models, with no associated cytotoxicity, but significant differences in study design make it difficult to compare overall efficacies. It is hoped that this review, which includes, whenever available, international standards for testing AMDs, will provide a framework for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Jorge Guiomar
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Urbano
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology-CIMAGO, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Navarro-Gil FJ, Huete-Toral F, Domínguez-Godínez CO, Carracedo G, Crooke A. Contact Lenses Loaded with Melatonin Analogs: A Promising Therapeutic Tool against Dry Eye Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123483. [PMID: 35743553 PMCID: PMC9225312 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin analogs topically administered evoke a potent tear secretagogue effect in rabbits. This route of drug administration requires high drug concentration and frequent dosing due to its reduced ocular surface retention. Therefore, contact lenses (CLs) have emerged as an alternative drug-delivery system that prolongs drug retention in the cornea, improving its therapeutic performance. This study explores the in vitro ability of five commercially available hydrogel CLs to act as a delivery system for melatonin analogs and the in vivo secretagogue effect of melatonin analog-loaded CLs. We soaked CLs with melatonin or melatonin analog solutions (1 mM) for 12 h. Spectroscopic assays showed that IIK7-loaded CLs led to the inadequate delivery of this compound. Conventional hydrogel lenses loaded with agomelatine released more agomelatine than silicone ones (16–33% more). In contrast, the CLs of silicone materials are more effective as a delivery system of 5-MCA-NAT than CLs of conventional materials (24–29%). The adaptation of CLs loaded with agomelatine or 5-MCA-NAT in rabbits triggered a higher tear secretion than the corresponding eye drops (78% and 59% more, respectively). These data suggest that CLs preloaded with melatonin analogs could be an adequate strategy to combat aqueous tear deficient dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Navarro-Gil
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.D.-G.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (F.J.N.-G.); (A.C.); Tel.: +34-91-3946883 (F.J.N.-G); +34-91-3946859 (A.C.)
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen Olalla Domínguez-Godínez
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.D.-G.); (G.C.)
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.D.-G.); (G.C.)
| | - Almudena Crooke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (F.J.N.-G.); (A.C.); Tel.: +34-91-3946883 (F.J.N.-G); +34-91-3946859 (A.C.)
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10
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Pereira-da-Mota AF, Vivero-Lopez M, Serramito M, Diaz-Gomez L, Serro AP, Carracedo G, Huete-Toral F, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Contact lenses for pravastatin delivery to eye segments: Design and in vitro-in vivo correlations. J Control Release 2022; 348:431-443. [PMID: 35688348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of cholesterol-lowering statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, is associated with beneficial effects on eye conditions. This work aims to design contact lenses (CLs) that can sustainedly deliver pravastatin and thus improve the ocular efficacy while avoiding systemic side effects of statins. Bioinspired hydrogels were prepared with monomers that resemble hydrophobic (ethylene glycol phenyl ether methacrylate) and amino (2-aminoethyl methacrylamide hydrochloride) functionalities of the active site of HMG-CoA. Best performing CLs loaded >6 mg/g, in vitro fulfilled the release demands for daily wearing, and showed anti-inflammatory activity (lowering TNF-α). High hydrostatic pressure sterilization preserved the stability of both the drug and the hydrogel network. Ex vivo tests revealed the ability of pravastatin to accumulate in cornea and sclera and to penetrate through transscleral route. In vivo tests (rabbits) confirmed that, compared to eye drops and for the same dose, CLs provided significantly higher pravastatin levels in tear fluid within 1 to 7 h of wearing. Moreover, after 8 h wearing pravastatin was present in cornea, sclera, aqueous humour and vitreous humour. Strong correlations between percentages of drug released in vitro and in vivo were found. Effects of volume and proteins on release rate and Levy plots were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Pereira-da-Mota
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Serramito
- Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Ocupharm Research Group, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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11
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Pereira-da-Mota AF, Phan CM, Concheiro A, Jones L, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Testing drug release from medicated contact lenses: The missing link to predict in vivo performance. J Control Release 2022; 343:672-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Lanier OL, Manfre M, Kulkarni S, Bailey C, Chauhan A. Combining modeling of drug uptake and release of cyclosporine in contact lenses to determine partition coefficient and diffusivity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105891. [PMID: 34051298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmic drug delivery via eye drops is inefficient because only about 1-5% of the drug permeates the cornea during the short residence time of a few minutes. Contact lenses are receiving considerable attention for delivering ophthalmic drugs because of higher bioavailability and the possibility of sustained release from hour to days, and possibly longer. The drug release durations from contact lenses are typically measured in vitro and it is challenging to relate the in vitro release to in vivo release, particularly for hydrophobic drugs which may not exhibit sink release in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro release can be fitted to diffusion equation to determine the partition coefficient and diffusivity, which can then be utilized to model in vivo release. The Higuchi equation is frequently used to model the short time release from a contact lens to determine diffusivity with the implicit assumption that the release is under sink conditions and the starting concentration in the lens was uniform. Both conditions may be violated when measuring release of hydrophobic drugs from contact lenses because the diffusivity and partition coefficient, and also the time needed for equilibrium are not known a priori. Here we develop a method to use the data for both loading and release of cyclosporine, which is a common hydrophobic ophthalmic drug, to determine the partition coefficient and diffusivity. The proposed approach does not require sink conditions and also does not require the lens to be fully equilibrated during loading, which may take almost a month for lenses considered here. The model is based on solving the diffusion equation in the gel along with a mass balance in the fluid. The model equations are solved numerically by finite difference. When the value of partition coefficient is high, such as it is for cyclosporine, the dynamic data is only sensitive to a ratio of partition coefficient and diffusivity, and this ratio had to first be determined from the loading data. Then the two unknown parameters were obtained by minimizing the error between the model prediction and experimental data. The method was used to determine D and K for several silicone hydrogel formulations with varying ratio of hydrogel and silicone fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Lanier
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Miranda Manfre
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Sandesh Kulkarni
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Claire Bailey
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States.
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13
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Wuchte LD, DiPasquale SA, Byrne ME. In vivo drug delivery via contact lenses: The current state of the field from origins to present. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021; 63:102413. [PMID: 34122626 PMCID: PMC8192067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past half century, contact lenses have been investigated for their potential as drug delivery devices for ocular therapeutics. Hundreds of studies have been published in the pursuit of the most effective and efficient release strategies and methods for contact lens drug delivery. This paper provides a thorough overview of the various contact lens drug delivery strategies, with a specific, comprehensive focus on in vivo studies that have been published since the field began in 1965. Significant accomplishments, current trends, as well as future strategies and directions are highlighted. In vivo study analysis provides a straightforward perspective and assessment of method success and commercialization potential in comparison to benchtop, in vitro studies. Analysis of the majority of published work indicates in vitro and in vivo studies do not correlate with a correlation coefficient of 0.25, with many in vitro studies grossly overestimating drug release duration and not showing appreciable drug release control. However, there has been an increase in activity in the last decade, and some methods have generated promising results exhibiting controlled release with commercialization potential. Clinical translation of drug releasing lenses is on the horizon and has high potential to impact a large number of patients providing efficacious treatment compared to current topical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana D. Wuchte
- Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices, & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Stephen A. DiPasquale
- Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices, & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
- OcuMedic, Inc, 107 Gilbreth Parkway, Mullica Hill, NJ, 08062, USA
| | - Mark E. Byrne
- Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices, & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
- OcuMedic, Inc, 107 Gilbreth Parkway, Mullica Hill, NJ, 08062, USA
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14
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Eid HM, Naguib IA, Alsantali RI, Alsalahat I, Hegazy AM. Novel Chitosan-Coated Niosomal Formulation for Improved Management of Bacterial Conjunctivitis: A Highly Permeable and Efficient Ocular Nanocarrier for Azithromycin. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3027-3036. [PMID: 33940026 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to formulate, optimize, and characterize azithromycin chitosan coated niosomes (AZM-CTS-NSM) as a novel colloidal system that increases precorneal residence period, eye permeation, and bioavailability. AZM-NSM was formulated via a modified thin-film hydration strategy and then coated with CTS. We assessed the influence of the cholesterol: surfactant molar ratio, CTS concentration, and surfactant type on particle diameter, entrapment, zeta potential, and NSM adhesion force to the corneal mucosal membrane and employed a central composite design (CCD). The resulting optimized AZM-CTS-NSM has a mean diameter of 376 nm, entrapment of 74.2%, surface charge of 32.1 mV, and mucoadhesion force of 3114 dyne/cm2. The optimized AZM-CTS-NSM demonstrated a prolonged in vitro release behavior. When compared with commercial eye drops, the optimized AZM-CTS-NSM produced a 2.61-fold increase in the apparent permeability coefficient, significantly improving corneal permeability. Additionally, ocular irritation was assessed, with no major irritant effects found to be induced by the formulated NSM. Compared with AZM commercial drops, the optimized AZM-CTS-NSM revealed ˃ 3-fold increase in AZM concentration in the rabbit eyes. Collectively, these findings indicate that CTS-NSM is a potentially valuable ocular nanocarrier that could augment the efficacy of AZM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim A Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Izzeddin Alsalahat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Amira M Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62111, Egypt
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15
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Atorvastatin-Eluting Contact Lenses: Effects of Molecular Imprinting and Sterilization on Drug Loading and Release. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050606. [PMID: 33922123 PMCID: PMC8143582 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are receiving increasing attention in the ophthalmic field. Their activity as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–CoA (HMG–CoA) reductase inhibitors is clinically used to regulate cholesterol levels and leads to pleiotropic effects, which may help in the management of diabetes-related ocular pathologies. This work aims to design bioinspired contact lenses (CLs) with an affinity for atorvastatin by mimicking the active site of HMG–CoA reductase. Sets of imprinted and nonimprinted 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels were synthesized, varying the contents in functional monomers that bear chemical groups that resemble those present in HMG–CoA reductase, namely, ethylene glycol phenyl ether methacrylate (EGPEM), 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride (AEMA), and N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA). The hydrogels were characterized in terms of suitability as CLs (solvent uptake, light transmission, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility) and capability to load and release atorvastatin. Three sterilization protocols (steam heat, gamma radiation, and high hydrostatic pressure) were implemented and their effects on hydrogel properties were evaluated. Copolymerization of AEMA and, particularly, APMA endowed the hydrogels with a high affinity for atorvastatin (up to 11 mg/g; KN/W > 200). Only high hydrostatic pressure sterilization preserved atorvastatin stability and hydrogel performance. Permeability studies through the porcine cornea and sclera tissues revealed that the amount of atorvastatin accumulated in the cornea and sclera could be effective to treat ocular surface diseases.
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16
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Erdal NB, Adolfsson KH, De lima S, Hakkarainen M. In vitro and in vivo effects of ophthalmic solutions on silicone hydrogel bandage lens material Senofilcon A. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 101:354-362. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nejla B Erdal
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Karin H Adolfsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Sara De lima
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Ophthalmology and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,
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17
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Resveratrol-Loaded Hydrogel Contact Lenses with Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Performance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040532. [PMID: 33920327 PMCID: PMC8069945 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact lenses (CLs) are prone to biofilm formation, which may cause severe ocular infections. Since the use of antibiotics is associated with resistance concerns, here, two alternative strategies were evaluated to endow CLs with antibiofilm features: copolymerization with the antifouling monomer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and loading of the antioxidant resveratrol with known antibacterial activity. MPC has, so far, been used to increase water retention on the CL surface (Proclear® 1 day CLs). Both poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (HEMA) and silicone hydrogels were prepared with MPC covering a wide range of concentrations (from 0 to 101 mM). All hydrogels showed physical properties adequate for CLs and successfully passed the hen’s egg-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test. Silicone hydrogels had stronger affinity for resveratrol, with higher loading and a slower release rate. Ex vivo cornea and sclera permeability tests revealed that resveratrol released from the hydrogels readily accumulated in both tissues but did not cross through. The antibiofilm tests against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus evidenced that, in general, resveratrol decreased biofilm formation, which correlated with its concentration-dependent antibacterial capability. Preferential adsorption of lysozyme, compared to albumin, might also contribute to the antimicrobial activity. In addition, importantly, the loading of resveratrol in the hydrogels preserved the antioxidant activity, even against photodegradation. Overall, the designed hydrogels can host therapeutically relevant amounts of resveratrol to be sustainedly released on the eye, providing antibiofilm and antioxidant performance.
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18
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Next-generation contact lenses: Towards bioresponsive drug delivery and smart technologies in ocular therapeutics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 161:80-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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An illustrated review on nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) as an approach in modern drug delivery: Fabrication, characterization, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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20
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Silva D, de Sousa HC, Gil MH, Santos LF, Moutinho GM, Salema-Oom M, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Serro AP, Saramago B. Diclofenac sustained release from sterilised soft contact lens materials using an optimised layer-by-layer coating. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119506. [PMID: 32512224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A layer-by-layer (LbL) coating was designed using ionic polysaccharides (chitosan, sodium alginate, sodium hyaluronate) and genipin (crosslinker), to sustain the release of diclofenac sodium salt (DCF) from soft contact lens (SCL) materials. The coating was hydrophilic, biocompatible, non-toxic, reduced bacterial growth and had minor effects on the physical properties of the material, such as wettability, ionic permeability, refractive index and transmittance, which remained within the recommended values for SCLs. The coating was applied on a silicone-based hydrogel and on commercial SofLens and Purevision SCLs. The coating attenuated the initial drug burst and extended the therapeutic period for, at least, two weeks. Relevantly, the problems of sterilizing drug loaded SCLs coated with biopolymers, using classic methods that involve high temperature or radiation, were successfully solved through high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) sterilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hermínio C de Sousa
- Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FCTUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Gil
- Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FCTUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Guilhermina Martins Moutinho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Madalena Salema-Oom
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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21
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Abstract
The use of contact lenses as ocular drug delivery systems has been considered intuitive for decades. However, at this time, there are no approved products using such systems. In this article, we review the challenges with current therapies, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of different drug classes and the patient population. In addition, we note the relative lack of clinical studies, and list potential products in active development at this time. In particular, we address the alignment of time course of the therapeutic need, the pharmacokinetics of the molecule, and the delivery characteristics of the systems (e.g., pulsatile vs. zero-order). We also discuss the needs of various populations including the elderly (who may have motor and cognitive issues as well as presbyopia) and the young. While a contact lens delivery system may also provide refractive correction, to date, most of the studies have used noncorrective (plano) lenses. We also considered nanotechnology-based carrier systems. We generalize the development of contact lens delivery systems to all ocular delivery systems in which there are relatively few product approvals and long development times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Novack
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- PharmaLogic Development, Inc., San Rafael, California, USA
| | - Melissa Barnett
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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22
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Varela-Garcia A, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Cytosine-functionalized bioinspired hydrogels for ocular delivery of antioxidant transferulic acid. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1171-1180. [PMID: 31995040 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Contact lenses (CLs) are being pointed out as feasible platforms for controlled delivery of ophthalmic drugs. Bioinspired strategies may endow CLs with affinity for a given drug by mimicking its physiological receptor using adequate functional monomers and tuning their conformation in the space through the molecular imprinting technology. However, there are some active substances, such as efficient antioxidant agents, that cannot be used as templates because they degrade during polymerization or even hinder the polymerization itself. Therefore, the development of CLs able to sustain the release of antioxidants for the prevention and/or treatment of several age-related and light-induced eye diseases has not been explored yet. Searching for an alternative bioinspired strategy, the present work relies on the fact that some drugs owe their therapeutic action to their ability to interact with nucleotides that build up DNA and RNA. Thus, the aim of this work was to design hydrogels functionalized with the nitrogenous base cytosine for the controlled uptake and release of transferulic acid (TA) having a complementary chemical structure in terms of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking ability. Hydrogels were prepared from mixtures of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethyleneglycolphenylether methacrylate (EGPEM). GMA was used as a bridge to immobilize cytosine after hydrogel synthesis, while EGPEM was added to reinforce hydrophobic interactions with TA. The hydrogels were characterized in terms of suitability to be used as CLs (swelling, light transmission, mechanical properties, biocompatibility) and capability to host TA and sustain its release in lachrymal fluid while maintaining the antioxidant activity. Relevantly, the bioinspired CLs favored TA accumulation in cornea and sclera tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Varela-Garcia
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma, Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma, Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma, Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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23
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Wei N, Dang H, Huang C, Sheng Y. Timolol loaded microemulsion laden silicone contact lens to manage glaucoma: in vitro and in vivo studies. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1710183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yanjuan Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
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24
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Alvarez-Rivera F, Serro AP, Silva D, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Hydrogels for diabetic eyes: Naltrexone loading, release profiles and cornea penetration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Evaluating the potential of drug eluting contact lenses for treatment of bacterial keratitis using an ex vivo corneal model. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:499-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Maulvi FA, Patil RJ, Desai AR, Shukla MR, Vaidya RJ, Ranch KM, Vyas BA, Shah SA, Shah DO. Effect of gold nanoparticles on timolol uptake and its release kinetics from contact lenses: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:350-362. [PMID: 30625414 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Contact lenses are ideally suited for extended drug delivery to the ocular tissues, but incorporation of any particulate system affects the critical properties of the contact lens. Timolol loading by the conventional soaking method does not significantly alter the critical properties of the contact lens. However, there are challenges of low drug loading and high burst release. This research work aimed to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on loading and its release kinetics from the contact lens using the soaking method. In one approach, GNPs were loaded into the timolol soaking solution (GNPs-SS), and in another approach, GNPs were incorporated into the contact lenses (GNPs-CL) during fabrication. The contact lenses were soaked at two different concentrations of timolol (i.e., 2 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml). Swelling and optical transmittance were not significantly affected by the presence of GNPs in the contact lenses. A significant uptake/loading of timolol using the GNPs in both the approaches was observed. The in vitro flux data showed no significant improvement in the release rate profiles of timolol when using both approaches. However, the in vivo study in the rabbit tear fluid showed high timolol concentration with the GNPs-laden contact lens at all timepoints in comparison to the soaked contact lenses without GNPs. The in vivo pharmacodynamic study in rabbits showed a 2 mmHg average fall in intraocular pressure (72 h) using the GNPs-laden contact lenses, while the soaked contact lenses without GNPs and eye drops solution (0.5 %w/v) showed 2 mmHg. The drug distribution study in the ocular tissue showed a significant improvement in the drug deposition with the GNPs-laden contact lenses in the ciliary muscle and conjunctiva. This study successfully demonstrated the potential of GNPs to enhance the uptake of drug from the drug soaking solution to treat glaucoma without compromising the critical properties of contact lens. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we have overcome the limitation of the conventional soaking method of low drug loading and high burst release from the contact lenses. We have investigated the effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on the timolol loading and its release kinetics from the contact lenses. The study revealed the potential of GNPs to enhance the uptake of timolol from the timolol soaking solution to treat glaucoma without compromising the critical lens properties.
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Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Anguiano-Igea S, Varela-García A, Vivero-Lopez M, Concheiro A. Bioinspired hydrogels for drug-eluting contact lenses. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:49-62. [PMID: 30448434 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficient ocular drug delivery that can overcome the challenges of topical application has been largely pursued. Contact lenses (CLs) may act as light-transparent cornea/sclera bandages for prolonged drug release towards the post-lens tear fluid, if their composition and inner architecture are fitted to the features of the drug molecules. In this review, first the foundations and advantages of using CLs as ocular drug depots are revisited. Then, pros and cons of common strategies to prepare drug-loaded CLs are analyzed on the basis of recent examples, and finally the main section focuses on bioinspired strategies that can overcome some limitations of current designs. Most bioinspired strategies resemble a reverse engineering process to create artificial receptors for the drug inside the CL network by mimicking the human natural binding site of the drug. Related bioinspired strategies are being also tested for designing CLs that elute comfort ingredients mimicking the blinking-associated renewal of eye mucins. Other bioinspired approaches exploit the natural eye variables as stimuli to trigger drug release or take benefit of bio-glues to specifically bind active components to the CL surface. Overall, biomimicking approaches are being revealed as valuable tools to fit the amounts loaded and the release profiles to the therapeutic demands of each pathology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomimetic and bioinspired strategies are remarkable tools for the optimization of drug delivery systems. Translation of the knowledge about how drugs interact with the natural pharmacological receptor and about components and dynamics of anterior eye segment may shed light on the design criteria for obtaining efficient drug-eluting CLs. Current strategies for endowing CLs with controlled drug release performance still require optimization regarding amount loaded, drug retained in the CL structure during storage, regulation of drug release once applied onto the eye, and maintenance of CL physical properties. All these limitations may be addressed through a variety of recently growing bioinspired approaches, which are expected to pave the way of medicated CLs towards the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Soledad Anguiano-Igea
- HGBeyond Materials Science S.L, Edificio Emprendia, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angela Varela-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; HGBeyond Materials Science S.L, Edificio Emprendia, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Cyclosporine-loaded cross-linked inserts of sodium hyaluronan and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for ocular administration. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:308-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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A computational and experimental approach to develop minocycline-imprinted hydrogels and determination of their drug delivery performances. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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A comprehensive review on contact lens for ophthalmic drug delivery. J Control Release 2018; 281:97-118. [PMID: 29782944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the prevalence of electronic devices and an aging population, the number of people affected with eye disease is increasing year by year. In spite of a large number of eye drops on the market, most of them do not perform sufficiently, due to rapid clearance mechanisms and ocular barriers. To enhance drug delivery to the eye, a number of novel formulations for ocular diseases have been investigated over recent decades, aiming to increase drug retention and permeation while also allowing for sustained drug release over prolonged periods. The contact lens, initially used to correct visual acuity and beautify female eyes, is one such novel formulation with outstanding potential. Recently, contact lenses have been extensively used for ocular drug delivery to enhance ocular bioavailability and reduce side effects, and are particularly suitable for the treatment of chronic diseases, and thus are of interest to ophthalmic scientists. This review summarizes contact lens classification, methods of preparation, strategies for integrating drugs into lenses, in vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical applications. This review also discusses the current state of ocular drug therapy and provides an outlook for future therapeutic opportunities in the field of ocular drug delivery.
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Zhu Q, Liu C, Sun Z, Zhang X, Liang N, Mao S. Inner layer-embedded contact lenses for pH-triggered controlled ocular drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:220-229. [PMID: 29730260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Contact lenses (CLs) are ideally suited for controlled ocular drug delivery, but are limited by short release duration, poor storage stability and low drug loading. In this study, we present a novel inner layer-embedded contact lens capable of pH-triggered extended ocular drug delivery with good storage stability. Blend film of ethyl cellulose and Eudragit S100 was used as the inner layer, while pHEMA hydrogel was used as outer layer to fabricate inner layer-embedded contact lens. Using diclofenac sodium(DS) as a drug model, influence of polymer ratio in the blend film, EC viscosity, drug/polymer ratio, inner layer thickness and outlayer thickness of pHEMA hydrogel on drug release behavior was studied and optimized for daily use. The pH-triggered drug eluting pattern enables the inner layer-embedded contact lens being stored in phosphate buffer solution pH 6.8 with ignorable drug loss and negligible changes in drug release pattern. In vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits showed sustained drug release for over 24 h in tear fluid, indicating significant improvement in drug corneal residence time. A level A IVIVC was established between in vitro drug release and in vivo drug concentration in tear fluid. In conclusion, this inner layer embedded contact lens design could be used as a platform for extended ocular drug delivery with translational potential for both anterior and posterior ocular diseases therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ning Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shirui Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Yokozaki Y, Shimoyama Y. Loading of vitamin E into silicone hydrogel by supercritical carbon dioxide impregnation toward controlled release of timolol maleate. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jug M, Hafner A, Lovrić J, Kregar ML, Pepić I, Vanić Ž, Cetina-Čižmek B, Filipović-Grčić J. An overview of in vitro dissolution/release methods for novel mucosal drug delivery systems. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:350-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Desai AR, Maulvi FA, Pandya MM, Ranch KM, Vyas BA, Shah SA, Shah DO. Co-delivery of timolol and hyaluronic acid from semi-circular ring-implanted contact lenses for the treatment of glaucoma: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1580-1591. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00212f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlled drug release from semi-circular drug-loaded ring-implanted contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita R. Desai
- Maliba Pharmacy College
- Uka Tarsadia University
- Surat 394350
- India
| | | | - Mihir M. Pandya
- Maliba Pharmacy College
- Uka Tarsadia University
- Surat 394350
- India
| | - Ketan M. Ranch
- Maliba Pharmacy College
- Uka Tarsadia University
- Surat 394350
- India
| | - Bhavin A. Vyas
- Maliba Pharmacy College
- Uka Tarsadia University
- Surat 394350
- India
| | | | - Dinesh O. Shah
- Shah-Schulman Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology
- Dharmsinh Desai University
- Nadiad 387001
- India
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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Nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels as a pathway for enzyme-triggered drug release in ophthalmic applications. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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pH triggered controlled drug delivery from contact lenses: Addressing the challenges of drug leaching during sterilization and storage. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Dominguez-Godinez C, Carracedo G, Pintor J. Diquafosol Delivery from Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses: Improved Effect on Tear Secretion. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 34:170-176. [PMID: 28700254 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability to uptake and to deliver diquafosol from commercial contact lenses (CLs) and its effect on tear secretion. METHODS For both in vitro and in vivo experiments, two commercial silicone hydrogel (Si-Hy) CLs (comfilcon A and balafilcon A) were used. The CLs were soaked overnight for 12 h in diquafosol solution and control CLs were soaked in saline solution (NaCl 0.9%). The CLs were introduced into a new well container with 1 mL of saline solution, and aliquots of 100 μL were extracted at different times during a period of 6 h to measure the diquafosol release. For in vivo experiments, nine male New Zealand white rabbits were used. CLs soaked in diquafosol were inserted in the eye and compared with control CLs and diquafosol topical instillation. Schirmer's tests were performed to evaluate tear secretion and diquafosol release at different times during the 6-h period. RESULTS For in vitro experiments, the largest amount of diquafosol was released during the first 24 h for both CL materials under study, without statistical differences between them (P < 0.05). The topical application showed the maximum release at 1 min after instillation, meanwhile the release from both CL materials was at 30 min of insertion. The effect on tear secretion was higher with CL delivery compared with topical instillation (P < 0.05), being 300 min for both CLs and 90 min for topical application. CONCLUSION The use of CLs increases the residence time of diquafosol on the ocular surface with a concomitant enhancement in tear secretion during longer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Dominguez-Godinez
- 1 Department of Optics II (Optometry and Vision), Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- 1 Department of Optics II (Optometry and Vision), Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Pintor
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
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Qin G, Zhu Z, Li S, McDermott AM, Cai C. Development of ciprofloxacin-loaded contact lenses using fluorous chemistry. Biomaterials 2017; 124:55-64. [PMID: 28188995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a simple method to load drugs into commercially available contact lenses utilizing fluorous chemistry. We demonstrated this method using model compounds including fluorous-tagged fluorescein and antibiotic ciprofloxacin. We showed that fluorous interactions facilitated the loading of model molecules into fluorocarbon-containing contact lenses, and that the release profiles exhibited sustained release. Contact lenses loaded with fluorous-tagged ciprofloxacin exhibited antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro, while no cytotoxicity towards human corneal epithelial cells was observed. To mimic the tear turnover, we designed a porcine eye infection model under flow conditions. Significantly, the modified lenses also exhibited antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the ex vivo infection model. Overall, utilizing fluorous chemistry, we can construct a drug delivery system that exhibits high drug loading capacity, sustained drug release, and robust biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoting Qin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Siheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | | | - Chengzhi Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Abstract
This review highlights the current state of knowledge of in vivo testing of drug-delivering contact lenses. There has been a significant increase in interest in alternative means to deliver ocular pharmaceuticals, and within the past few decades, contact lenses have emerged as a vehicle of interest because of their biocompatibility and acceptance by both eye care professionals and the public. Using techniques such as molecular imprinting, vitamin E diffusion barriers, ionic reservoirs, and drug-impregnated films, significantly improved drug release kinetics have been observed in vitro. Extension of these results into in vivo studies has thus far been limited but has led to evidence of the viability of this drug delivery platform by demonstrating improved drug residence time, drug penetration, and clinical outcomes when compared with conventional therapy such as eye drops. The evidence supporting these improvements has occurred in both animal models and small human trials and is presented within this review.
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40
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Lasowski F, Sheardown H. Atropine and Roscovitine Release from Model Silicone Hydrogels. Optom Vis Sci 2016; 93:404-11. [PMID: 26779867 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Drug delivery to the anterior eye has a low compliance and results in significant drug losses. In pediatric patients, eye diseases such as myopia and retinoblastoma can potentially be treated pharmacologically, but the risk associated with high drug concentrations coupled with the need for regular dosing limits their effectiveness. The current study examined the feasibility of atropine and roscovitine delivery from model silicone hydrogel materials which could potentially be used to treat myopia and retinoblastoma, respectively. METHODS Model silicone hydrogel materials that comprised TRIS and DMA were prepared with the drug incorporated during synthesis. Various materials properties, with and without incorporated drug, were investigated including water uptake, water contact angle, and light transmission. Drug release was evaluated under sink conditions into phosphate buffered saline. RESULTS The results demonstrate that up to 2 wt% of the drugs can be incorporated into model silicone hydrogel materials without adversely affecting critical materials properties such as water uptake, light transmission, and surface hydrophilicity. Equilibrium water content ranged from 15 to 32% and transmission exceeded 89% for materials with at least 70% DMA. Extended release exceeding 14 days was possible with both drugs, with the total amount of drug released from the materials ranging from 16% to over 76%. Although a burst effect was noted, this was thought to be due to surface-bound drug, and therefore storage in an appropriate packaging solution could be used to overcome this if desired. CONCLUSIONS Silicone hydrogel materials have the potential to deliver drugs for over 2 weeks without compromising lens properties. This could potentially overcome the need for regular drop instillation and allow for the maintenance of drug concentration in the tear film over the period of wear. This represents a potential option for treating a host of ophthalmic disorders in children including myopia and retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Lasowski
- *BEng †PhD Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (all authors)
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41
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42
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Yang M, Yang Y, Lei M, Ye C, Zhao C, Xu J, Wu K, Yu M. Experimental studies on soft contact lenses for controlled ocular delivery of pirfinedone: in vitro and in vivo. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3538-3543. [DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1204570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Yangfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Ming Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengtian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Chunshun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Kaili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Minbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
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Pimenta AFR, Valente A, Pereira JMC, Pereira JCF, Filipe HP, Mata JLG, Colaço R, Saramago B, Serro AP. Simulation of the hydrodynamic conditions of the eye to better reproduce the drug release from hydrogel contact lenses: experiments and modeling. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:755-762. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Timolol maleate (TM) has been used for many years for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients. However, the topical mode of administration (eyedrops) is far from optimal because of the issues of low bioavailability, high drug wastage, and lack of patient compliance. Suboptimal control of the IOP leads to disease progression and eventually to blindness. Ideally, TM is delivered to the patient so that its action is both localized and sustained for 3 months or more. In this work, we developed a subconjunctival TM microfilm for sustained, long-term delivery of TM to the eyes, using the biodegradable elastomer poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLC). The copolymer is biocompatible and has flexibility and mechanical characteristics suitable for a patient-acceptable implant. Controlling the release of TM for 3 months is challenging, and this work describes how, by using a combination of multilayering and blending with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers, we were able to develop a TM-incorporated biodegradable film that can deliver TM at a therapeutic dose for 90 days in vitro. The data was further confirmed in a diseased primate model, with sustained IOP-lowering effects for 5 months with a single implant, with acceptable biocompatibility and partial degradation.
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Mahomed A, Wolffsohn JS, Tighe BJ. Structural design of contact lens-based drug delivery systems; in vitro and in vivo studies of ocular triggering mechanisms. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 39:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Design and development of novel bioadhesive niosomal formulation for the transcorneal delivery of anti-infective agent: In-vitro and ex-vivo investigations. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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47
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Malakooti N, Alexander C, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Imprinted Contact Lenses for Sustained Release of Polymyxin B and Related Antimicrobial Peptides. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3386-94. [PMID: 26094884 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop drug-soft contact lens combination products suitable for controlled release of antimicrobial peptides on the ocular surface. Incorporation of functional monomers and the application of molecular imprinting techniques were explored to endow 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels with the ability to load and to sustain the release of polymyxin B and vancomycin. Various HEMA-drug-functional monomer-cross-linker molar ratios were evaluated to prepare polymyxin B imprinted and non-imprinted hydrogels. Acrylic acid-functionalized and imprinted hydrogels loaded greater amounts of polymyxin B and led to more sustained release profiles, in comparison with non-functionalized and non-imprinted networks. Polymyxin B-loaded hydrogels showed good biocompatibility in hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane tests. Functionalized hydrogels also loaded vancomycin and sustained its release, but the imprinting effect was only exhibited with polymyxin B, as demonstrated in rebinding tests. Microbiological assays carried out with Pseudomonas aeruginosa allowed identification of the most suitable hydrogel composition for efficient bacteria eradication; some hydrogels being able to stand several continued challenges against this important bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Malakooti
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.,School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
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48
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Tashakori-Sabzevar F, Mohajeri SA. Development of ocular drug delivery systems using molecularly imprinted soft contact lenses. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:703-13. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.948451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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