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Lake JA, Woods E, Hoffmeyer E, Schaller KL, Cruz-Cruz J, Fernandez J, Tufa D, Kooiman B, Hall SC, Jones D, Hayashi M, Verneris MR. Directing B7-H3 chimeric antigen receptor T cell homing through IL-8 induces potent antitumor activity against pediatric sarcoma. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009221. [PMID: 39043604 PMCID: PMC11268054 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in pediatric oncology have occurred for some cancers; however, new therapies for sarcoma have been inadequate. Cellular immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has shown dramatic benefits in leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma but has been far less successful in pediatric solid tumors such as rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and osteosarcoma (OS). Balancing issues of "on-target, off-tumor toxicity", investigators have identified B7-H3 as a broadly expressed tumor antigen with otherwise restricted expression on normal tissues. We hypothesized that rapid homing via a chemokine receptor and CAR engagement through B7-H3 would enhance CAR T cell efficacy in solid tumors. METHODS We generated B7-H3 CAR T cells that also express the Interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptor, CXCR2. Cytokine production, flow cytometry, Seahorse assays and RNA sequencing were used to compare the B7-H3 CXCR2 (BC2) CAR T cells with B7-H3 CAR T cells. We developed an IL-8 overexpressing human RMS mouse model to test homing and cytotoxicity in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrate that IL-8 is expressed by RMS and OS and expression significantly increases after radiation. Overexpression of an IL-8 receptor, CXCR2, on B7-H3 CAR T cells enhances homing into IL-8 expressing tumors, augments T cell metabolism and leads to significant tumor regression. CONCLUSION These findings warrant further investigation into the use of BC2 CAR T cells as a treatment for patients with RMS, OS and other B7-H3-expressing, IL-8 producing solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Lake
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elena Woods
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric Hoffmeyer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristin L Schaller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joselyn Cruz-Cruz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph Fernandez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dejene Tufa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin Kooiman
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Spencer C Hall
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dallas Jones
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Masanori Hayashi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Cilla S, Rossi R, Habberstad R, Klepstad P, Dall'Agata M, Kaasa S, Valenti V, Donati CM, Maltoni M, Morganti AG. Explainable Machine Learning Model to Predict Overall Survival in Patients Treated With Palliative Radiotherapy for Bone Metastases. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2024; 8:e2400027. [PMID: 38917384 DOI: 10.1200/cci.24.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The estimation of prognosis and life expectancy is critical in the care of patients with advanced cancer. To aid clinical decision making, we build a prognostic strategy combining a machine learning (ML) model with explainable artificial intelligence to predict 1-year survival after palliative radiotherapy (RT) for bone metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data collected in the multicentric PRAIS trial were extracted for 574 eligible adults diagnosed with metastatic cancer. The primary end point was the overall survival (OS) at 1 year (1-year OS) after the start of RT. Candidate covariate predictors consisted of 13 clinical and tumor-related pre-RT patient characteristics, seven dosimetric and treatment-related variables, and 45 pre-RT laboratory variables. ML models were developed and internally validated using the Python package. The effectiveness of each model was evaluated in terms of discrimination. A Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) explainability analysis to infer the global and local feature importance and to understand the reasons for correct and misclassified predictions was performed. RESULTS The best-performing model for the classification of 1-year OS was the extreme gradient boosting algorithm, with AUC and F1-score values equal to 0.805 and 0.802, respectively. The SHAP technique revealed that higher chance of 1-year survival is associated with low values of interleukin-8, higher values of hemoglobin and lymphocyte count, and the nonuse of steroids. CONCLUSION An explainable ML approach can provide a reliable prediction of 1-year survival after RT in patients with advanced cancer. The implementation of SHAP analysis provides an intelligible explanation of individualized risk prediction, enabling oncologists to identify the best strategy for patient stratification and treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savino Cilla
- Medical Physics Unit, Responsible Research Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Romina Rossi
- Palliative Care Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Studio Tumori "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Ragnhild Habberstad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Oncology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pal Klepstad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monia Dall'Agata
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Stein Kaasa
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa Valenti
- Palliative Care Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Costanza M Donati
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Maltoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio G Morganti
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Gutiérrez-Chamorro L, Felip E, Castellà E, Quiroga V, Ezeonwumelu IJ, Angelats L, Esteve A, Perez-Roca L, Martínez-Cardús A, Fernandez PL, Ferrando-Díez A, Pous A, Bergamino M, Cirauqui B, Romeo M, Teruel I, Mesia R, Clotet B, Riveira-Muñoz E, Margelí M, Ballana E. SAMHD1 expression is a surrogate marker of immune infiltration and determines prognosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:189-208. [PMID: 37667113 PMCID: PMC10899429 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The lack of validated surrogate biomarkers is still an unmet clinical need in the management of early breast cancer cases that do not achieve complete pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Here, we describe and validate the use of SAMHD1 expression as a prognostic biomarker in residual disease in vivo and in vitro. METHODS SAMHD1 expression was evaluated in a clinical cohort of early breast cancer patients with stage II-III treated with NACT. Heterotypic 3D cultures including tumor and immune cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible of SAMHD1 depletion through whole transcriptomic profiling, immune infiltration capacity and subsequent delineation of dysregulated immune signaling pathways. RESULTS SAMHD1 expression was associated to increased risk of recurrence and higher Ki67 levels in post-NACT tumor biopsies of breast cancer patients with residual disease. Survival analysis showed that SAMHD1-expressing tumors presented shorter time-to-progression and overall survival than SAMHD1 negative cases, suggesting that SAMHD1 expression is a relevant prognostic factor in breast cancer. Whole-transcriptomic profiling of SAMHD1-depleted tumors identified downregulation of IL-12 signaling pathway as the molecular mechanism determining breast cancer prognosis. The reduced interleukin signaling upon SAMHD1 depletion induced changes in immune cell infiltration capacity in 3D heterotypic in vitro culture models, confirming the role of the SAMHD1 as a regulator of breast cancer prognosis through the induction of changes in immune response and tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION SAMHD1 expression is a novel prognostic biomarker in early breast cancer that impacts immune-mediated signaling and differentially regulates inflammatory intra-tumoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gutiérrez-Chamorro
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eudald Felip
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Castellà
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias I Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Quiroga
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laura Angelats
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laia Perez-Roca
- Banc de Tumors, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Martínez-Cardús
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Pedro Luis Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias I Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Angelica Ferrando-Díez
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Pous
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Milana Bergamino
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cirauqui
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marga Romeo
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Iris Teruel
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ricard Mesia
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Riveira-Muñoz
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mireia Margelí
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology (ICO)-Badalona, B-ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology) and IGTP (Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain.
| | - Ester Ballana
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain.
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Sunakawa Y, Kuboki Y, Watanabe J, Terazawa T, Kawakami H, Yokota M, Nakamura M, Kotaka M, Sugimoto N, Ojima H, Oki E, Kajiwara T, Yamamoto Y, Tsuji Y, Denda T, Tamura T, Ishihara S, Taniguchi H, Nakajima TE, Morita S, Shirao K, Takenaka N, Ozawa D, Yoshino T. Exploratory Biomarker Analysis Using Plasma Angiogenesis-Related Factors and Cell-Free DNA in the TRUSTY Study: A Randomized, Phase II/III Study of Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Bevacizumab as Second-Line Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Target Oncol 2024; 19:59-69. [PMID: 38194163 PMCID: PMC10830797 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-01027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TRUSTY study evaluated the efficacy of second-line trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) plus bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). OBJECTIVE This exploratory biomarker analysis of TRUSTY investigated the relationship between baseline plasma concentrations of angiogenesis-related factors and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and the efficacy of FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab in patients with mCRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS The disease control rate (DCR) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between baseline plasma samples of patients with high and low plasma concentrations (based on the median value) of angiogenesis-related factors. Correlations between cfDNA concentrations and PFS were assessed. RESULTS Baseline characteristics (n = 65) were as follows: male/female, 35/30; median age, 64 (range 25-84) years; and RAS status wild-type/mutant, 29/36. Patients in the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-low and interleukin (IL)-8-low groups had a significantly higher DCR (risk ratio [95% confidence intervals {CIs}]) than patients in the HGF-high (1.83 [1.12-2.98]) and IL-8-high (1.70 [1.02-2.82]) groups. PFS (hazard ratio {HR} [95% CI]) was significantly longer in patients in the HGF-low (0.33 [0.14-0.79]), IL-8-low (0.31 [0.14-0.70]), IL-6-low (0.19 [0.07-0.50]), osteopontin-low (0.39 [0.17-0.88]), thrombospondin-2-low (0.42 [0.18-0.98]), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1-low (0.26 [0.10-0.67]) groups versus those having corresponding high plasma concentrations of these angiogenesis-related factors. No correlation was observed between cfDNA concentration and PFS. CONCLUSION Low baseline plasma concentrations of HGF and IL-8 may predict better DCR and PFS in patients with mCRC receiving FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab, however further studies are warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER jRCTs031180122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sunakawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Yasutoshi Kuboki
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Terazawa
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yokota
- Department of General Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ojima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Ota, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kajiwara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Denda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Tamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Taniguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takako Eguchi Nakajima
- Department of Early Clinical Development, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Naruhito Takenaka
- Clinical Development and Medical Affairs Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ozawa
- Clinical Development and Medical Affairs Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Zhu QM, Li HX, Ma PQ, Wu LX, Wang TH, Li WB, Zhang L, Yang X, Kong X, Sun YL, Yan T. A potential immunotherapy target for breast cancer: parenchymal and immune-stromal expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1163. [PMID: 38031068 PMCID: PMC10685553 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain‑containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical component of the innate immune system. It has been known to play an important role in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer patients. While the clinical evidence of the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and long-term survival is still limited, the possible roles of parenchymal or immune-stromal cells of breast cancer tissues in contributing to such carcinogenesis and progression still need to be clarified. This study is an analysis of patients receiving breast cancer surgery in a previous clinical trial. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway-related proteins, including NLRP3, caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), IL-1β, and IL-18, in parenchymal and immune-stromal cells of breast cancer tissues compared to those of adjacent normal tissues, respectively. The relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome expression and clinicopathological characteristics, as well as 5-year survivals were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS In the parenchymal cells, ASC and IL-18 protein levels were significantly up-regulated in breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). In the immune-stromal cells, all the five NLRP3 inflammasome pathway-related proteins were significantly elevated in breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). Carcinoma cell embolus was found to significantly correlate with high NLRP3 expression in parenchymal cells of the tumor (x2=4.592, P=0.032), while the expression of caspase-1 was negatively correlated with tumor progression. Histological grades were found to have a positive correlation with IL-18 expression in immune-stromal cells of the tumor (x2=14.808, P=0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that high IL-18 expression in the immune-stromal cells and the positive carcinoma cell embolus were both associated with poor survival (P < 0.05). The multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model implied that the high IL-18 expression and positive carcinoma cell embolus were both independent risk factors for unfavorable prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in immune-stromal and tumor parenchymal cells in the innate immune system was not isotropic and the main functions are somewhat different in breast cancer patients. Caspase-1 in parenchymal cells of the tumor was negatively correlated with tumor progression, and upregulation of IL-18 in immune-stromal cells of breast cancer tissues is a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential immunotherapy target. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial has been registered at the Chictr.org.cn registry system on 21/08/2018 (ChiCTR1800017910).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Mei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui-Xian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Pei-Qing Ma
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin-Xin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tai-Hang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- The School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Motyka J, Kicman A, Kulesza M, Ławicki S. CXC ELR-Positive Chemokines as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3118. [PMID: 37370728 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most common type of malignant lesison, breast cancer is a leading challenge for clinicians. Currently, diagnosis is based on self-examination and imaging studies that require confirmation by tissue biopsy. However, there are no easily accessible diagnostic tools that can serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer patients. One of the possible candidates for such markers is a group of chemokines that are closely implicated in each stage of tumorigenesis. Many researchers have noted the potential of this molecule group to become tumor markers and have tried to establish their clinical utility. In this work, we summarize the results obtained by scientists on the usefulness of the ELR-positive CXC group of chemokines in ancillary diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Motyka
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kicman
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-267 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Kulesza
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Gunnarsdottir FB, Bendahl PO, Johansson A, Benfeitas R, Rydén L, Bergenfelz C, Larsson AM. Serum immuno-oncology markers carry independent prognostic information in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer, from a prospective observational study. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:29. [PMID: 36945037 PMCID: PMC10031935 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is a challenging disease, and despite new therapies, prognosis is still poor for a majority of patients. There is a clinical need for improved prognostication where immuno-oncology markers can provide important information. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum immuno-oncology markers in MBC patients and their respective relevance for prediction of survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated a broad panel of 92 immuno-oncology proteins in serum from 136 MBC patients included in a prospective observational study (NCT01322893) with long-term follow-up. Serum samples were collected before start of systemic therapy and analyzed using multiplex proximity extension assay (Olink Target 96 Immuno-Oncology panel). Multiple machine learning techniques were used to identify serum markers with highest importance for prediction of overall and progression-free survival (OS and PFS), and associations to survival were further evaluated using Cox regression analyses. False discovery rate was then used to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Using random forest and random survival forest analyses, we identified the top nine and ten variables of highest predictive importance for OS and PFS, respectively. Cox regression analyses revealed significant associations (P < 0.005) of higher serum levels of IL-8, IL-10 and CAIX with worse OS in multivariable analyses, adjusted for established clinical prognostic factors including circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Similarly, high serum levels of IL-8, IL-10, ADA and CASP8 significantly associated with worse PFS. Interestingly, high serum levels of FasL significantly associated with improved OS and PFS. In addition, CSF-1, IL-6, MUC16, TFNSFR4 and CD244 showed suggestive evidence (P < 0.05) for an association to survival in multivariable analyses. After correction for multiple comparisons, IL-8 still showed strong evidence for correlation to survival. CONCLUSION To conclude, we found six serum immuno-oncology markers that were significantly associated with OS and/or PFS in MBC patients, independently of other established prognostic factors including CTCs. Furthermore, an additional five serum immuno-oncology markers provided suggestive evidence for an independent association to survival. These findings highlight the relevance of immuno-oncology serum markers in MBC patients and support their usefulness for improved prognostication. Trial registration Clinical Trials (NCT01322893), registered March 25, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Björk Gunnarsdottir
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Johansson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Skåne University Hospital, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Caroline Bergenfelz
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Larsson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden.
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8
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Kang P, Liu D, Li L, Guo X, Ye Y, Li Y, Jiang Q, Lin S, Yuan Q. Interleukin 8 in plasma is an efficacy marker for advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy and PD-1 blockade. Cytokine 2023; 163:156133. [PMID: 36724715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade promotes combination therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) and chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy improves the outcome of prognosis in advanced NSCLC, while effective biomarkers to follow prognostic efficacy are still to be found. METHODS We enrolled 44 NSCLC patients with HFRT combined with PD-1 blockade, 13 patients with chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, additionally collected tissue samples from 8 patients with earlystage NSCLC without therapy, and peripheral whole blood from 16 healthy donors, detected the expression differences of cytokines Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) in the peripheral plasma and tissues by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and tumor-infiltrating T cells with recombinant human IL-8 in vitro to observe the changes of immune memory T cell subtypes and apoptosis. RESULTS Our results show that IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17A are highly expressed in advanced NSCLC, high levels of IL-8 are significantly associated with poor prognosis in advanced NSCLC patients treated with HFRT + PD1 blockade, high circulating IL-8 in NSCLC increased apoptosis of effector memory RA (TemRA; CD45RA+CCR7-) T cell subsets and CD8+ T cell subsets in tissues, resulting in decreased peripheral TemRA and stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCM: CD45RA +CCR7 + CD95 +) in tissue. CONCLUSION We suggest that IL-8 can impair immune memory function in NSCLC. It is a useful biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of HFRT + PD1 blockade in advanced NSCLC. Further exploration of easily available plasma biomarkers for personalized treatment of NSCLC is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Kang
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lin Li
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiyuan Guo
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yingchun Ye
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Qing Yuan
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China.
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9
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Peng J, Madduri S, Clontz AD, Stewart DA. Clinical trial-identified inflammatory biomarkers in breast and pancreatic cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1106520. [PMID: 37181043 PMCID: PMC10173309 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer and pancreatic cancer are two common cancer types characterized by high prevalence and high mortality rates, respectively. However, breast cancer has been more well-studied than pancreatic cancer. This narrative review curated inflammation-associated biomarkers from clinical studies that were systematically selected for both breast and pancreatic cancers and discusses some of the common and unique elements between the two endocrine-regulated malignant diseases. Finding common ground between the two cancer types and specifically analyzing breast cancer study results, we hoped to explore potential feasible methods and biomarkers that may be useful also in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer. A PubMed MEDLINE search was used to identify articles that were published between 2015-2022 of different kinds of clinical trials that measured immune-modulatory biomarkers and biomarker changes of inflammation defined in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and pancreatic cancer patients. A total of 105 papers (pancreatic cancer 23, breast cancer 82) were input into Covidence for the title and abstract screening. The final number of articles included in this review was 73 (pancreatic cancer 19, breast cancer 54). The results showed some of the frequently cited inflammatory biomarkers for breast and pancreatic cancers included IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CD8+ T cells and VEGF. Regarding unique markers, CA15-3 and TNF-alpha were two of several breast cancer-specific, and CA19 and IL-18 were pancreatic cancer-specific. Moreover, we discussed leptin and MMPs as emerging biomarker targets with potential use for managing pancreatic cancer based on breast cancer studies in the future, based on inflammatory mechanisms. Overall, the similarity in how both types of cancers respond to or result in further disruptive inflammatory signaling, and that point to a list of markers that have been shown useful in diagnosis and/or treatment method response or efficacy in managing breast cancer could potentially provide insights into developing the same or more useful diagnostic and treatment measurement inflammatory biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. More research is needed to investigate the relationship and associated inflammatory markers between the similar immune-associated biological mechanisms that contribute to breast and pancreatic cancer etiology, drive disease progression or that impact treatment response and reflect survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Supradeep Madduri
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Angela D. Clontz
- Department of Nutrition, Meredith College, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Delisha A. Stewart
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Delisha A. Stewart,
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10
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Schauer T, Henriksson A, Strandberg E, Lindman H, Berntsen S, Demmelmaier I, Raastad T, Nordin K, Christensen JF. Pre-treatment levels of inflammatory markers and chemotherapy completion rates in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:89-98. [PMID: 36269530 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy efficacy is largely dependent on treatment adherence, defined by the relative dose intensity (RDI). Identification of new modifiable risk factors associated with low RDI might improve chemotherapy delivery. Here, we evaluated the association between low RDI and pre-chemotherapy factors, including patient- and treatment-related characteristics and markers of inflammation. METHODS This exploratory analysis assessed data from 267 patients with early-stage breast cancer scheduled to undergo (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy included in the Physical training and Cancer (Phys-Can) trial. The association between low RDI, defined as < 85%, patient-related (age, body mass index, co-morbid condition, body surface area) and treatment-related factors (cancer stage, receptor status, chemotherapy duration, chemotherapy dose, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) was investigated. Analyses further included the association between RDI and pre-chemotherapy levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in 172 patients with available blood samples. RESULTS An RDI of < 85% occurred in 31 patients (12%). Univariable analysis revealed a significant association with a chemotherapy duration above 20 weeks (p < 0.001), chemotherapy dose (p = 0.006), pre-chemotherapy IL-8 (OR 1.61; 95% CI (1.01; 2.58); p = 0.040) and TNF-α (OR 2.2 (1.17; 4.53); p = 0.019). In multivariable analyses, inflammatory cytokines were significant association with low RDI for IL-8 (OR: 1.65 [0.99; 2.69]; p = 0.044) and TNF-α (OR 2.95 [1.41; 7.19]; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS This exploratory analysis highlights the association of pre-chemotherapy IL-8 and TNF-α with low RDI of chemotherapy for breast cancer. IL-8 and TNF-α may therefore potentially help to identify patients at risk for experiencing dose reductions. Clinical trial number NCT02473003 (registration: June 16, 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schauer
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anna Henriksson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emelie Strandberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Lindman
- Department of Oncology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Sjukhusvägen, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Universitetsveien 25, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Ingrid Demmelmaier
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Universitetsveien 25, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Universitetsveien 25, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin Nordin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesper F Christensen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Exercise and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Correlation between oxidative stress markers and cytokines in different stages of breast cancer. Cytokine 2023; 161:156082. [PMID: 36347127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress marker and reduced glutathione (GSH) as antioxidant and correlate them to different inflammatory markers as interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in different stages of breast cancer (BC). For the purpose of comparisons, 35 healthy subjects matched for age, sex and ethnic background were selected who have no history or clinical evidence of BC or any chronic disease and obvious abnormalities as a control group and 35 patients of different stages of BC were participated in the study. The cancer patients were diagnosed by specialists. Even the exact cause of the disease has not been identified but according to this study, 5% of the patients were having family history of the disease and 62% of the patients were having a BMI over 25. Over 60% of the patients were postmenopausal and all females participated in this study were nonsmokers. MDA level showed a significant increase when BC patients were compared to healthy subjects, this oxidative stress marker showed a significant increase with the increase of the stage of the disease. In contrast the level of the lipid peroxide scavenger GSH reduced with increasing the stage of the disease. The level of some cytokines showed a significant change between different stages and the control group. Correlation between MDA and GSH with these cytokines showed a positive correlation between all cytokines and the MDA level and a negative correlation between GSH and the cytokines. The results of this study suggests that BC stimulates the oxidative stress response and for that, different inflammatory cytokines will be produced and there is a pronounced relationship between oxidative stress parameters and these cytokines and the level of these cytokines are associated with aggressive tumors.
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12
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Liu G, Chen XT, Zhang H, Chen X. Expression analysis of cytokines IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 and VEGF in breast cancer patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1019247. [PMID: 36531035 PMCID: PMC9753904 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1019247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between changes in peripheral blood vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) concentrations in breast cancer patients and their significance and clinical value in breast cancer staging and invasive metastasis. METHODS From September 2021 to April 2022, 60 breast cancer patients from Chongqing Medical University Hospital No. 2022 were enrolled in the breast breast cancer surgery group, while 30 patients with benign breast disease were enrolled in the control group during the same period. Venous blood samples were collected at admission and 1 week after surgery to determine the expression of these factors in serum. Statistical methods such as Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the above factors and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. RESULTS By analyzing data from patients with benign and malignant breast tumors, an association was found with serum levels of IL-6, IL-17 and VEGF. Their respective areas under the operating characteristic curve were 0.649, 0.734 and 0.656 (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the cytokine expression levels of IL-17 and VEGF in different molecular typing (P values were 0.008 and 0.040, respectively). The expression levels of IL-17 and VEGF were higher in HER-2 receptor-positive and triple-negative patients than in hormone receptor-positive patients (P < 0.05). Also, no significant correlation was found between the various cytokines mentioned in the article and breast cancer lymph node metastasis and Tumor Node Metastasis stage (TNM stage). In addition, in the breast cancer surgery group, postoperative VEGF levels were lower (P < 0.05) and IL-6 levels were higher (P < 0.05) compared to preoperative levels. CONCLUSIONS Serum IL-6, IL-17, and VEGF are strongly associated with breast cancer development and can be used as a reference indicators for breast cancer diagnosis. In addition, post-operative VEGF levels decreases and IL-6 levels increases compared to pre-operative levels, which can also be used as an a postoperative follow-up indicator. In contrast, IL-5 and IL-8 have not found to be significantly associated with breast cancer patients in this study, which requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang-Ting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Li X, Xie G, Zhai J, He Y, Wang T, Wang Y, Shen L. Association of serum Interleukin-8 level with lymph node metastasis and tumor recurrence in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:975269. [PMID: 36185222 PMCID: PMC9522897 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.975269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of pretherapeutic serum interleukin-8 (sIL-8) has been demonstrated to correlate with chemoresistance in gastric cancer. However, its clinicopathological significance of sIL-8 in gastric cancer remains unknown. Herein, a total of 335 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled. The clinicopathological features were collected, and the sIL-8 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The sIL-8 levels ranged from 1.48 pg/ml to 1025.22 pg/ml with > 15.41 pg/ml defined as high according to the receiver operating characteristic analysis. sIL-8 levels were strongly associated with Lauren classification and tumor recurrence. High sIL-8 correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) in the intestinal- and diffuse-type tumors and acted as an independent risk factor for LNM in both types. Patients with high sIL-8 levels had worse relapse-free survival than those with low sIL-8 levels. High sIL-8 level was associated with tumor relapse in the intestinal- and diffuse-type tumors, and was also an independent risk factor in the intestinal- and mixed-type tumors. Further analysis revealed that sIL-8 levels were positively associated with LNM and tumor relapse in patients with negative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), but not in those with elevated serum CEA levels. In conclusion, this retrospective study demonstrated that the pretherapeutic sIL-8 level has predictive value for LNM and tumor recurrence, and may serve as a potential tumor marker in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiping Xie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yani He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongya Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizong Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lizong Shen,
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14
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Liquid Biopsy as a Tool for the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Monitoring of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179952. [PMID: 36077348 PMCID: PMC9456236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. The treatment of BC is complicated owing to intratumoral complexity. Tissue biopsy and immunohistochemistry are the current gold standard techniques to guide breast cancer therapy; however, these techniques do not assess tumoral molecular heterogeneity. Personalized medicine aims to overcome these biological and clinical complexities. Advances in techniques and computational analyses have enabled increasingly sensitive, specific, and accurate application of liquid biopsy. Such progress has ushered in a new era in precision medicine, where the objective is personalized treatment of breast cancer, early screening, accurate diagnosis and prognosis, relapse detection, longitudinal monitoring, and drug selection. Liquid biopsy can be defined as the sampling of components of tumor cells that are released from a tumor and/or metastatic deposits into the blood, urine, feces, saliva, and other biological substances. Such components include circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), platelets, and exosomes. This review aims to highlight the role of liquid biopsy in breast cancer and precision medicine.
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15
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Santolla MF, Talia M, Cirillo F, Scordamaglia D, De Rosis S, Spinelli A, Miglietta AM, Nardo B, Filippelli G, De Francesco EM, Belfiore A, Lappano R, Maggiolini M. The AGEs/RAGE Transduction Signaling Prompts IL-8/CXCR1/2-Mediated Interaction between Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:2402. [PMID: 35954247 PMCID: PMC9368521 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the cognate receptor, named RAGE, are involved in metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Moreover, the AGEs/RAGE transduction pathway prompts a dysfunctional interaction between breast cancer cells and tumor stroma toward the acquisition of malignant features. However, the action of the AGEs/RAGE axis in the main players of the tumor microenvironment, named breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), remains to be fully explored. In the present study, by chemokine array, we first assessed that interleukin-8 (IL-8) is the most up-regulated pro-inflammatory chemokine upon AGEs/RAGE activation in primary CAFs, obtained from breast tumors. Thereafter, we ascertained that the AGEs/RAGE signaling promotes a network cascade in CAFs, leading to the c-Fos-dependent regulation of IL-8. Next, using a conditioned medium from AGEs-exposed CAFs, we determined that IL-8/CXCR1/2 paracrine activation induces the acquisition of migratory and invasive features in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Altogether, our data provide new insights on the involvement of IL-8 in the AGEs/RAGE transduction pathway among the intricate connections linking breast cancer cells to the surrounding stroma. Hence, our findings may pave the way for further investigations to define the role of IL-8 as useful target for the better management of breast cancer patients exhibiting metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Santolla
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Marianna Talia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenica Scordamaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Rosis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Asia Spinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Miglietta
- Breast and General Surgery Unit, Regional Hospital Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Bruno Nardo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Breast and General Surgery Unit, Regional Hospital Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Construction and Validation of Angiogenesis-Related Prognostic Risk Signature to Facilitate Survival Prediction and Biomarker Excavation of Breast Cancer Patients. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1525245. [PMID: 35498539 PMCID: PMC9045999 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1525245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at exploring the potential mechanism of angiogenesis, a biological process-related gene in breast cancer (BRCA), and constructing a risk model related to the prognosis of BRCA patients. We used multiple bioinformatics databases and multiple bioinformatics analysis methods to complete our exploration in this research. First, we use the RNA-seq transcriptome data in the TCGA database to conduct a preliminary screening of angiogenesis-related genes through univariate Cox curve analysis and then use LASSO regression curve analysis for secondary screening. We successfully established a risk model consisting of seven angiogenesis-related genes in BRCA. The results of ROC curve analysis show that the risk model has good prediction accuracy. We can successfully divide BRCA patients into the high-risk and low-risk groups with significant prognostic differences based on this risk model. In addition, we used angiogenesis-related genes to perform cluster analysis in BRCA patients and successfully divided BRCA patients into three clusters with significant prognostic differences, namely, cluster 1, cluster 2, and cluster 3. Subsequently, we combined the clinical-pathological data for correlation analysis, and there is a significant correlation between the risk model and the patient’s T and stage. Multivariate Cox regression curve analysis showed that the age of BRCA patients and the risk score of the risk model could be used as independent risk factors in the progression of BRCA. In particular, based on this angiogenesis-related risk model, we have drawn a matching nomogram that can predict the 5-, 7-, and 10-year overall survival rates of BRCA patients. Subsequently, we performed a series of pan-cancer analyses of CNV, SNV, OS, methylation, and immune infiltration for this risk model gene and used GDSC data to explore drug sensitivity. Subsequently, to gain insight into the protein expression of these risk model genes in BRCA, we used the immunohistochemical data in the THPA database for verification. The results showed that the protein expressions of IL18, RUNX1, SCG2, and THY1 molecules in BRCA tissues were significantly higher than those in normal breast tissues, while the protein expressions of PF4 and TNFSF12 molecules in BRCA tissues were significantly lower than those in normal breast tissues. Finally, we conducted multiple GSEA analyses to explore the biological pathways these risk model genes can cross in cancer progression. In summary, we believe that this study can provide valuable data and clues for future studies on angiogenesis in BRCA.
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Hirata N, Yamada S, Yanagida S, Ono A, Yasuhiko Y, Nishida M, Kanda Y. Lysophosphatidic Acid Promotes the Expansion of Cancer Stem Cells via TRPC3 Channels in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041967. [PMID: 35216080 PMCID: PMC8877950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive cancer for which targeted therapeutic agents are limited. Growing evidence suggests that TNBC originates from breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms controlling BCSC proliferation will be crucial for new drug development. We have previously reported that the lysosphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate mediates the CSC phenotype, which can be identified as the ALDH-positive cell population in several types of human cancer cell lines. In this study, we have investigated additional lipid receptors upregulated in BCSCs. We found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor 3 was highly expressed in ALDH-positive TNBC cells. The LPAR3 antagonist inhibited the increase in ALDH-positive cells after LPA treatment. Mechanistically, the LPA-induced increase in ALDH-positive cells was dependent on intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+), and the increase in Ca2+ was suppressed by a selective inhibitor of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3 (TRPC3). Moreover, IL-8 production was involved in the LPA response via the activation of the Ca2+-dependent transcriptional factor nuclear factor of activated T cells. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the lipid-mediated regulation of BCSCs via the LPA-TRPC3 signaling axis and suggest several potential therapeutic targets for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hirata
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.H.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Pharmacological Evaluation Institute of Japan (PEIJ), Ibaraki 305-0031, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.H.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Pharmacological Evaluation Institute of Japan (PEIJ), Ibaraki 305-0031, Japan
| | - Shota Yanagida
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.H.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Yukuto Yasuhiko
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.H.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.H.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Shen Y, Zhang B, Wei X, Guan X, Zhang W. CXCL8 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with TNBC brain metastasis and immune infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108454. [PMID: 34929481 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients with TNBC are associated with an increased risk of developing brain metastasis and shortest median survival post-brain metastasis-diagnosis. However, the regulatory mechanism of TNBC brain metastasis has not been addressed. Here, by a series of integrated analyses of differential gene expression profile from brain metastases and primary triple negative breast cancer, we identified 15 differentially expressed genes in both TNBC brain metastasis tissue samples and TNBC brain metastasis cell line. After analyzing the prognostic value of those 15 differentially expressed genes, we found that CXCL8 was the only gene associated with multiple prognostic indicators in both all-breast cancer and TNBC populations. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses demonstrated that CXCL8 was associated with humoral immune response and immune cell infiltration. CXCL8 expression had a positive correlation with three immune-related scores (ImmuneScore, ESTIMATEScore and StromalScore), and multiple types of immune cell infiltration, including macrophages, neutrophils and Th1 cells. Besides, we also verified the prometastatic effect of CXCL8, by treating MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t cells with different concentrations of recombinant human CXCL8. Taken together, our results suggest that CXCL8 can be used as a prognostic biomarker and is associated with TNBC brain metastasis and immune infiltration. Our findings provide a new perspective on TNBC brain metastasis and illustrate great potential to develop new CXCL8-targeted therapy for clinical TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Shen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoguo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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19
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Shi Y, Liu X, Du J, Zhang D, Liu J, Chen M, Zhao J, Zhong W, Xu Y, Wang M. Circulating cytokines associated with clinical outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients who received chemoimmunotherapy. Thorac Cancer 2021; 13:219-227. [PMID: 34825500 PMCID: PMC8758427 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pretreatment and on‐treatment plasma cytokine levels in predicting clinical benefit in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with anti‐programmed death‐1 (PD‐1)‐based chemotherapy is still a matter of debate. Methods We measured 12 kind of plasma cytokines in patients with stage III/IV NSCLC before and during treatment with anti‐PD‐1 based chemotherapy. Associations with best overall response, and survival including progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Chi‐square test and Kaplan–Meier plots with log‐rank test, respectively. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to determine independent risk factors. Results Of a total of 60 patients, high‐level of pretreatment interleukin‐2 was associated with longer PFS (log rank p = 0.049), while high‐level of pretreatment interleukin‐8 was associated with shorter OS (log rank p = 0.006). Increased on‐treatment interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) was associated with both better response (odds ratio [OR] 6.233, 95% confidential interval [CI]: 1.451–26.344, p = 0.013) and longer PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.305, 95% CI: 0.127–0.730, p = 0.008). On the contrary, increased on‐treatment interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was associated with a worse response (OR 0.015, 95% CI: 0.001–0.400, p = 0.012), worse PFS (HR 2.639, 95% CI: 1.163–5.991, p = 0.020) and worse OS (HR 2.742, 95% CI: 1.063–7.074, p = 0.037). Increased interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) was found to be associated with better PFS (HR 0.336, 95% CI: 0.153–0.745, p = 0.007). Conclusions In patients with advanced NSCLC who received chemoimmunotherapy, on‐treatment increased IL‐1β and IFN‐γ may serve as positive indicator of efficacy, while on‐treatment increased IL‐6 might play a predictive role of worse clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuequan Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Bartlett DB, Hanson ED, Lee JT, Wagoner CW, Harrell EP, Sullivan SA, Bates LC, Alzer MS, Amatuli DJ, Deal AM, Jensen BC, MacDonald G, Deal MA, Muss HB, Nyrop KA, Battaglini CL. The Effects of 16 Weeks of Exercise Training on Neutrophil Functions in Breast Cancer Survivors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733101. [PMID: 34777343 PMCID: PMC8578958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following therapy, breast cancer survivors (BCS) have an increased risk of infections because of age and cancer dysregulation of inflammation and neutrophil functions. Neutrophil functions may be improved by exercise training, although limited data exist on exercise and neutrophil functions in BCS.Sixteen BCS [mean age: 56 (SD 11) years old] completed 16 weeks of community-based exercise training and a 45-minute acute bout of cycling before (Base) and after (Final) the exercise training program. Exercise training consisted of 3 x 40 – 60 minute mixed mode aerobic exercises, comprising 10 – 30 minutes aerobic and 30 minutes resistance training. At Base and Final, we took BCS blood samples before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 1 hour after (1Hr) acute exercise to determine neutrophil counts, phenotype, bacterial killing, IL-6, and IL-8 levels. Eleven healthy, age- and physical activity levels-matched women (Control) completed the acute bout of exercise once as a healthy response reference. Resting Responses. BCS and Controls had similar Base PRE absolute neutrophil counts [mean (SD): 3.3 (1.9) v 3.1 (1.2) x 109/L, p=0.801], but BCS had lower bacterial phagocytosis [3991 (1233) v 4881 (417) MFI, p=0.035] and higher oxidative killing [6254 (1434) v 4709 (1220) MFI, p=0.005], lower CD16 [4159 (1785) v 7018 (1240) MFI, p<0.001], lower CXCR2 [4878 (1796) v 6330 (1299) MFI, p=0.032] and higher TLR2 [98 (32) v 72 (17) MFI, p=0.022] expression, while IL-6 [7.4 (5.4) v 4.0 (2.7) pg/mL, p=0.079] levels were marginally higher and IL-8 [6.0 (4.7) v 7.9 (5.0) pg/mL, p=0.316] levels similar. After 16 weeks of training, compared to Controls, BCS Final PRE phagocytosis [4510 (738) v 4881 (417) MFI, p=0.146] and TLR2 expression [114 (92) v 72 (17) MFI, p=0.148] were no longer different. Acute Exercise Responses. As compared to Controls, at Base, BCS phagocytic Pre-Post response was lower [mean difference, % (SD): 12% (26%), p=0.042], CD16 Pre-Post response was lower [12% (21%), p=0.016] while CD16 Pre-1Hr response was higher [13% (25%), p=0.022], TLR2 Pre-Post response was higher [15% (4%) p=0.002], while IL-8 Pre-Post response was higher [99% (48%), p=0.049]. As compared to Controls, following 16 weeks of training BCS phagocytic Pre-Post response [5% (5%), p=0.418], CD16 Pre-1Hr response [7% (7%), p=0.294], TLR2 Pre-Post response [6% (4%), p=0.092], and IL-8 Pre-Post response [1% (9%), p=0.087] were no longer different. Following cancer therapy, BCS may have impaired neutrophil functions in response to an acute bout of exercise that are partially restored by 16 weeks of exercise training. The improved phagocytosis of bacteria in BCS may represent an exercise-induced intrinsic improvement in neutrophil functions consistent with a reduced risk of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Bartlett
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jordan T Lee
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Chad W Wagoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth P Harrell
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie A Sullivan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren C Bates
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mohamdod S Alzer
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dean J Amatuli
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Allison M Deal
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Brian C Jensen
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Grace MacDonald
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael A Deal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hyman B Muss
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kirsten A Nyrop
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claudio L Battaglini
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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21
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Liukkonen MPK, Paterno JJ, Kivinen N, Siintamo L, Koskela AKJ, Kaarniranta K. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related serum markers ET-1, IL-8 and TGF-β2 are elevated in a Finnish wet age-related macular degeneration cohort. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 100:e1153-e1162. [PMID: 34699684 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been hypothesized that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may occur in the retinal pigment epithelium of advanced stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Various serum and plasma growth factors and inflammatory mediators have been linked to AMD. We were interested in finding out whether systemic levels of EMT-associated markers were altered in the serum of wet AMD patients. Serum biomarkers associated with the various pathological processes of AMD may present an avenue towards identifying and characterizing the birth mechanisms of wet AMD, its progression and severity, paving the way towards the application of precision medicine. METHODS We chose to measure the serum levels of known biomarkers of EMT - EGF (epidermal growth factor), ET-1 (endothelin 1), IL-8 (interleukin 8), TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 (transforming growth factor-beta 1 and 2) and VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) - using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We measured them from 71 Finnish wet AMD patients who were receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF-A injection treatments, as well as 64 age-adjusted controls. RESULTS We found significantly elevated levels of ET-1, IL-8 and TGF-β2 in the serums of wet AMD patients. CONCLUSIONS ET-1, IL-8 and TGF-β2 appear to be useful serum biomarkers in understanding active wet AMD. However, we cannot conclude that local retinal EMT-processes could be observed from the corresponding systemic serum biomarkers in patients undergoing anti-VEGF-A treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko P. K. Liukkonen
- Department of Ophthalmology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Jussi J. Paterno
- Department of Ophthalmology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
| | - Niko Kivinen
- Department of Ophthalmology Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
| | - Leea Siintamo
- Department of Ophthalmology Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
| | - Ali K. J. Koskela
- Department of Ophthalmology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
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22
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Karabicici M, Alptekin S, Fırtına Karagonlar Z, Erdal E. Doxorubicin-induced senescence promotes stemness and tumorigenicity in EpCAM-/CD133- nonstem cell population in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HuH-7. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2185-2202. [PMID: 33524223 PMCID: PMC8334288 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic induction of senescence is a potential means to treat cancer, primarily acting through the induction of a persistent growth‐arrested state in tumors. However, recent studies have indicated that therapy‐induced senescence (TIS) in tumor cells allows for the prolonged survival of a subgroup of cells in a dormant state, with the potential to re‐enter the cell cycle along with an increased stemness gene expression. Residual cells after TIS with increased cancer stem cell phenotype may have profound implications for tumor aggressiveness and disease recurrence. Herein, we investigated senescence‐associated stemness in EpCAM+/CD133+ liver cancer stem cell and EpCAM−/CD133− nonstem cell populations in HuH7 cell line. We demonstrated that treatment with doxorubicin induces senescence in both cell populations, accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of reprogramming genes SOX2, KLF4, and c‐MYC as well as liver stemness‐related genes EpCAM, CK19, and ANXA3 and the multidrug resistance‐related gene ABCG2. Moreover, doxorubicin treatment significantly increased EpCAM + population in nonstem cells indicating senescence‐associated reprogramming of nonstem cell population. Also, Wnt/β‐catenin target genes were increased in these cells, while inhibition of this signaling pathway decreased stem cell gene expression. Importantly, Dox‐treated EpCAM−/CD133− nonstem cells had increased in vivo tumor‐forming ability. In addition, when SASP‐CM from Dox‐treated cells were applied onto hİPSC‐derived hepatocytes, senescence was induced in hepatocytes along with an increased expression of TGF‐β, KLF4, and AXIN2. Importantly, SASP‐CM was not able to induce senescence in Hep3B‐TR cells, a derivative line rendered resistant to TGF‐β signaling. Furthermore, ELISA experiments revealed that the SASP‐CM of Dox‐treated cells contain inflammatory cytokines IL8 and IP10. In summary, our findings further emphasize the importance of carefully dissecting the beneficial and detrimental aspects of prosenescence therapy in HCC and support the potential use of senolytic drugs in HCC treatment in order to eliminate adverse effects of TIS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Esra Erdal
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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23
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Suenaga M, Mashima T, Kawata N, Wakatsuki T, Dan S, Seimiya H, Yamaguchi K. Serum IL-8 level as a candidate prognostic marker of response to anti-angiogenic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:131-139. [PMID: 32920703 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liver metastasis (LM) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Here, we investigated the prognostic utility of several serum factors in mCRC patients with or without LM who were treated with anti-angiogenic agents in first-line (FL) or salvage-line (SL) settings. METHODS A combined cohort of 125 patients was analyzed in this single institute pooled analysis: FL cohort receiving bevacizumab (n = 71) and SL cohort receiving regorafenib (n = 54). Blood samples were obtained at baseline (BL) and during treatment, and serum factors were measured by ELISA. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, the log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazard regression methods. RESULTS In univariate analysis of the combined cohort, right-sided CRC, primary unresected tumor, wild-type KRAS, LM, ≥ 2 metastatic sites, and SL were associated with shorter OS; in multivariable analysis, LM and SL remained significant. Serum angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) levels ≥ 2190.3 pg/ml and interleukin (IL)-8 levels ≥ 15.1 pg/ml at BL were significantly associated with LM. Using these cut-off values, patients with higher Ang-2 or IL-8 levels at BL had shorter OS than those with lower BL levels (Ang-2: hazard ratio [HR] 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-4.51, P = 0.001; IL-8: HR 4.31, 95%CI 2.11-8.79, P < 0.001). High serum IL-8 level remained a significant predictor of shorter OS in multivariable analysis (HR 3.24, 95%CI 1.47-7.16, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Circulating IL-8 and Ang-2 levels are associated with LM in mCRC patients. IL-8 may be a prognostic marker of response to anti-angiogenic therapy, regardless of the treatment timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsukuni Suenaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Mashima
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Naomi Kawata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.,Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Takeru Wakatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
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24
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Fousek K, Horn LA, Palena C. Interleukin-8: A chemokine at the intersection of cancer plasticity, angiogenesis, and immune suppression. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107692. [PMID: 32980444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression relies on the ability of cancer cells to effectively invade surrounding tissues and propagate. Among the many mechanisms that contribute to tumor progression is the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenotypic plasticity phenomenon that increases the cancer cells' motility and invasiveness and influences their surrounding microenvironment by promoting the secretion of a variety of soluble factors. One such factor is IL-8, a chemokine with multiple pro-tumorigenic roles within the tumor microenvironment (TME), including stimulating proliferation or transformation of tumor cells into a migratory or mesenchymal phenotype. Further, IL-8 can increase tumor angiogenesis or recruit larger numbers of immunosuppressive cells to the tumor. Prognostically, observations in many tumor types show that patients with higher levels of IL-8 at baseline experience worse clinical outcomes. Additionally, studies have shown that the chemokine directly contributes to the development of resistance to both chemotherapy and molecularly targeted agents. More recently, clinical studies evaluating levels of IL-8 in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy deduced that myeloid tumor infiltration driven by IL-8 contributes to resistance to ICI agents and that peripheral IL-8 can predict outcomes to ICI therapy. Further, pre-clinical data demonstrate that targeting IL-8 or its receptors enables improved tumor killing by immune cells, and treatment strategies combining blockade of the IL-8/IL-8R axis with ICI ultimately improve anti-tumor efficacy. Based on these results and the prognostic capacity of IL-8, there are a number of ongoing clinical trials evaluating the addition of IL-8 targeting strategies to immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Fousek
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lucas A Horn
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Palena
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Rapoport BL, Steel HC, Theron AJ, Heyman L, Smit T, Ramdas Y, Anderson R. High Mobility Group Box 1 in Human Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E1664. [PMID: 32664328 PMCID: PMC7407638 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an extremely versatile protein that is located predominantly in the nucleus of quiescent eukaryotic cells, where it is critically involved in maintaining genomic structure and function. During cellular stress, however, this multifaceted, cytokine-like protein undergoes posttranslational modifications that promote its translocation to the cytosol, from where it is released extracellularly, either actively or passively, according to cell type and stressor. In the extracellular milieu, HMGB1 triggers innate inflammatory responses that may be beneficial or harmful, depending on the magnitude and duration of release of this pro-inflammatory protein at sites of tissue injury. Heightened awareness of the potentially harmful activities of HMGB1, together with a considerable body of innovative, recent research, have revealed that excessive production of HMGB1, resulting from misdirected, chronic inflammatory responses, appears to contribute to all the stages of tumorigenesis. In the setting of established cancers, the production of HMGB1 by tumor cells per se may also exacerbate inflammation-related immunosuppression. These pro-inflammatory mechanisms of HMGB1-orchestrated tumorigenesis, as well as the prognostic potential of detection of elevated expression of this protein in the tumor microenvironment, represent the major thrusts of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; (L.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Liezl Heyman
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; (L.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Teresa Smit
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; (L.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Yastira Ramdas
- The Breast Care Centre, Netcare Milpark, 9 Guild Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
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Tiainen L, Korhonen EA, Leppänen VM, Luukkaala T, Hämäläinen M, Tanner M, Lahdenperä O, Vihinen P, Jukkola A, Karihtala P, Aho S, Moilanen E, Alitalo K, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL. High baseline Tie1 level predicts poor survival in metastatic breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:732. [PMID: 31340773 PMCID: PMC6657075 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin growth factors (Angs) regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by binding to the endothelial Tie2 receptor. Ang2 expression is elevated in tissue hypoxia and inflammation, which also induce cleavage of the extracellular domain of the orphan Tie1 receptor. Here we have examined if the concentrations of Ang2 and the soluble extracellular domain of Tie1 in patient plasma are associated with the prognosis of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods Plasma Tie1 and Ang2 levels were measured in metastatic breast cancer patients treated in a phase II trial with a taxane-bevacizumab combination chemotherapy in the first-line treatment setting. They were analyzed before treatment, after 6 weeks and 6 months of treatment, and at the final study visit. Using the median concentrations as cutoffs, Tie1 and Ang2 data were dichotomized into low and high concentration groups. Additionally, we analyzed Tie1 concentrations in plasma from 10 healthy women participating in a breast cancer primary prevention study. Results Plasma samples were available from 58 (89%) of the 65 patients treated in the trial. The baseline Tie1 levels of the healthy controls were significantly lower than those of the metastatic patients (p < 0.001). The overall survival of the patients with a high baseline Tie1 level was significantly shorter (multivariate HR 3.07, 95% CI 1.39–6.79, p = 0.005). Additionally, the progression-free survival was shorter for patients with a high baseline Tie1 level (multivariate HR 3.78, 95% CI 1.57–9.09, p = 0.003). In contrast, the baseline Ang2 levels had no prognostic impact in a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The combined analysis of baseline Tie1 and Ang2 levels revealed that patients with both high Tie1 and high Ang2 baseline levels had a significantly shorter overall survival than the patients with low baseline levels of both markers (multivariate HR for overall survival 4.32, 95% CI 1.44–12.94, p = 0.009). Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate the prognostic value of baseline Tie1 plasma concentration in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Combined with the results of the Ang2 analyses, the patients with both high Tie1 and Ang2 levels before treatment had the poorest survival. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00979641, registration date 19-DEC-2008. The regional Ethics Committee: R08142M, registration date 18-NOV-2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Tiainen
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Emilia A Korhonen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Leppänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Tanner
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Outi Lahdenperä
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Vihinen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Arja Jukkola
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 10, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 10, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonja Aho
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko-Liisa Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland
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