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Forma A, Grunwald A, Zembala P, Januszewski J, Brachet A, Zembala R, Świątek K, Baj J. Micronutrient Status and Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4968. [PMID: 38732186 PMCID: PMC11084730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, at the same time being one of the most prevalent causes of women's death. Many factors such as alcohol, weight fluctuations, or hormonal replacement therapy can potentially contribute to breast cancer development and progression. Another important factor in breast cancer onset includes micronutrient status. In this narrative review, we analyzed 23 micronutrients and their possible influence on breast cancer onset and progression. Further, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of micronutrient status on the prevention of breast cancer and its possible influence on various therapeutic pathways. We researched meta-analyses, systemic and narrative reviews, retrospective studies, as well as original studies on human and animal models. The results of these studies indicate a possible correlation between the different levels of micronutrients and a decreased risk of breast cancer as well as a better survival rate. However, further studies are necessary to establish adequate doses of supplementation of the chosen micronutrients and the exact mechanisms of micronutrient impact on breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Arkadiusz Grunwald
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Patryk Zembala
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Januszewski
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Chair of Fundamental Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (K.Ś.); (J.B.)
| | - Adam Brachet
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Roksana Zembala
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kamila Świątek
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Chair of Fundamental Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (K.Ś.); (J.B.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Chair of Fundamental Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (K.Ś.); (J.B.)
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Nilsson L, Khazaei S, Tryggvadottir H, Björner S, Bressan A, Jirström K, Adrian G, Falck AK, Borgquist S, Isaksson K, Jernström H. Pre- and Postoperative Antioxidant Use, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation and Clinical Outcome in Different Treatment Groups of Breast Cancer Patients. Clin Breast Cancer 2024; 24:e152-e166.e9. [PMID: 38307727 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients often use antioxidants that may interact with adjuvant treatments. The purpose was to investigate pre- and postoperative antioxidant use in relation to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in different breast cancer treatment groups. METHODS AND PATIENTS Pre- and postoperative antioxidant (vitamin A, C, E, carotenoids, or Q10) or multivitamin use was self-reported by patients from Lund (n = 1855) and Helsingborg (n=478), Sweden. Patients were followed for up to 15 years. Clinical data were obtained from patient charts. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was evaluated in tumor tissue arrays from 915 patients from Lund and with Western blot in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS About 10% of patients used antioxidants. Nuclear AhR (AhRnuc) positivity was twice as common in preoperative antioxidant users compared to non-users. In mechanistic studies vitamin C increased AhR levels and its downstream target CYP1B1, indicating AhR activation. There were significant interactions between tumor AhRnuc status and preoperative antioxidant use in relation to clinical outcome. In all patients, antioxidant use (other than multivitamins) at both visits was associated with poorer prognosis, while use only at the follow-up visit was associated with better prognosis, compared with no use at either visit. CONCLUSION The clinical impact of antioxidants depended on antioxidant type, timing of use, and tumor AhR activation. Antioxidants may influence clinical outcome by activation of the master regulator AhR in addition to interference with free radicals. Further studies are needed to identify breast patients that might improve or worsen their prognosis when using antioxidants postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Växjö Central Hospital and Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Somayeh Khazaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helga Tryggvadottir
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofie Björner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Bressan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Adrian
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Falck
- Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolin Isaksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Helena Jernström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Paul T, Palaniyandi K, Gnanasampanthapandian D. Therapeutic Approaches to Increase the Survival Rate of Cancer Patients in the Younger and Older Population. Curr Aging Sci 2024; 17:16-30. [PMID: 38062658 DOI: 10.2174/0118746098241507231127114248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Various developments have been observed in the treatment of cancer patients, such as higher survival rates and better treatment outcomes. However, expecting similar outcomes in older patients remains a challenge. The main reason for this conclusion is the exclusion of older people from clinical trials for cancer drugs, as well as other factors, such as comorbidity, side effects, age-related frailties and their willingness to undergo multiple treatments. However, the discovery of new techniques and drug combinations has led to a significant improvement in the survival of the elderly population after the onset of the disease. On the other hand, cancer treatments have not become more complex for the younger population when compared to the older population, as the younger population tends to respond well to treatment trials and their physiological conditions are stable in response to treatments. In summary, this review correlates recent cancer treatment strategies and the corresponding responses and survival outcomes of older and younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharrun Paul
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu, India
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu, India
| | - Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu, India
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Huang Y, Lin Z, Zhang S, Qiu M, Xiang Z, Hu Z. Association between the Preoperative Dietary Antioxidant Index and Postoperative Quality of Life in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Study Based on the TTD Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:2828. [PMID: 37447155 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary antioxidants are associated with risk of death in cancer patients, and they were used to evaluate the prognosis of cancer patients. Dietary antioxidant index (DAI) can be used to evaluate dietary antioxidant content comprehensively; this study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative DAI on health-related quality of life in patients with esophageal cell squamous carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Data on dietary intakes were collected using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DAI was calculated for all study participants based on FFQ data of each participant. The study involved conducting several follow-up activities with patients diagnosed with ESCC to evaluate their quality of life. The approach employed in the study was to conduct a telephone interview. The EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30, version 3.0) and the Esophageal Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-OES18) were used to collect data on the quality of life of the patients; all patients completed the full follow-up. RESULTS This prospective study was performed on 376 participants who were recruited from Fujian Cancer Hospital and First Hospital of Fujian Medical University. They all were diagnosed with ESCC. The results indicated that the time to deterioration of global health status (p = 0.043), cognitive functioning (p = 0.031), dry mouth (p = 0.019), and speech problems (p = 0.031) significantly delay in the high DAI group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that global health status (HR = 0.718, 95% CI: 0.532-0.969), cognitive functioning (HR = 0.641, 95% CI: 0.450-0.913), dry mouth (HR = 0.637, 95% CI: 0.445-0.911), and speech problems (HR = 0.651, 95% CI: 0.449-0.945) were improved in the high DAI group. CONCLUSIONS Prognostic value of preoperative DAI was significant for patients with ESCC who undergo surgical intervention. Its level was positively correlated with the postoperative quality of life of patients, which can delay and improve the occurrence of postoperative physical function and symptom deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jinsong Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Suhong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Minglian Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Zhisheng Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
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Koda Y, Nagasaki Y. Newly Designed Cysteine-Based Self-Assembling Prodrugs for Sepsis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1775. [PMID: 37376222 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential signaling molecules that maintain intracellular redox balance; however, the overproduction of ROS often causes dysfunction in redox homeostasis and induces serious diseases. Antioxidants are crucial candidates for reducing overproduced ROS; however, most antioxidants are less effective than anticipated. Therefore, we designed new polymer-based antioxidants based on the natural amino acid, cysteine (Cys). Amphiphilic block copolymers, composed of a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment and a hydrophobic poly(cysteine) (PCys) segment, were synthesized. In the PCys segment, the free thiol groups in the side chain were protected by thioester moiety. The obtained block copolymers formed self-assembling nanoparticles (NanoCys(Bu)) in water, and the hydrodynamic diameter was 40-160 nm, as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. NanoCys(Bu) was stable from pH 2 to 8 under aqueous conditions, as confirmed by the hydrodynamic diameter of NanoCys(Bu). Finally, NanoCys(Bu) was applied to sepsis treatment to investigate the potential of NanoCys(Bu). NanoCys(Bu) was supplied to BALB/cA mice by free drinking for two days, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intraperitoneally injected into the mice to prepare a sepsis shock model (LPS = 5 mg per kg body weight (BW)). Compared with the Cys and no-treatment groups, NanoCys(Bu) prolonged the half-life by five to six hours. NanoCys(Bu), designed in this study, shows promise as a candidate for enhancing antioxidative efficacy and mitigating the adverse effect of cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koda
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
- School of Medical Sciences, School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
- Center for Research in Radiation, Isotope and Earth System Sciences (CRiES), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
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Kour R, Sharma N, Showkat S, Sharma S, Nagaiah K, Kumar S, Kaur S. Methanolic fraction of Cassia fistula L. bark exhibits potential to combat oxidative stress and possess antiproliferative activity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:296-312. [PMID: 36919564 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2189435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cassia fistula L. is well known for its traditional medicinal properties as an anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic, and wound healing agent. The aim of the present study was to determine antioxidant, genoprotective, and cytotoxic potential of different fractions of C. fistula bark including hexane (CaMH), chloroform (CaMC), ethyl acetate (CaME), and methanol (CaMM). Among all the fractions studied, CaMM exhibited maximal radical scavenging activity in antioxidant DPPH assay, Superoxide anion radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay displayed an IC50 value of 18.95, 29.41, and 13.38 µg/ml, respectively. CaMM fraction possessed the highest phenolic (130.37 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight of extract) and flavonoid (36.96 mg rutin equivalent/g dry weight of fraction) content. Data demonstrated significant positive correlation between polyphenol levels and radical scavenging activity. Single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) exhibited genoprotective potential of C. fistula bark fractions against DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human lymphocytes. CaMM fraction displayed highest protective ability against H2O2 induced-toxicity as evidenced by significant decrease in % tail DNA content from 30 to 7% at highest concentration (200 µg/ml). CaMM was found to be rich in catechin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and kaempferol. The phenolic content and antioxidant ability of the fractions was markedly negatively correlated with H2O2- induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Cytotoxic potential was evaluated against dermal epidermoid carcinoma (A431), pancreatic (MIA PaCa-2) and brain glioblastoma (LN-18) cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Results showed that C. fistula bark fractions possessed highest toxicity against the skin carcinoma cells. CaMM fraction reduced over 50% cell growth at the concentration of 76.72 µg/ml in A431 cells. These findings suggest that fractions of C. fistula bark exhibit potential to be considered as therapeutic agents in various carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasdeep Kour
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sheikh Showkat
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Aquatic toxicology lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kommu Nagaiah
- Centre for natural products and Traditional knowledge, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Klyushova LS, Kandalintseva NV, Grishanova AY. Antioxidant Activity of New Sulphur- and Selenium-Containing Analogues of Potassium Phenosan against H 2O 2-Induced Cytotoxicity in Tumour Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3131-3145. [PMID: 35877440 PMCID: PMC9317250 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among known phenolic antioxidants, the overwhelming majority of compounds have lipophilic properties and the number of known water-soluble compounds is very small. The list of hydrophilic phenolic antioxidants can be expanded via the synthesis of a structurally related series of polyfunctional compounds for further research on their biological activity in vitro. New sulphur- and selenium-containing analogues of antioxidant potassium phenosan were synthesised. In vitro cytotoxicity and cytostaticity as well as antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity to human cell lines (HepG2, Hep-2 and MCF-7) were investigated by high-content analysis. A selenium-containing analogue showed higher biological activity than did a sulphur-containing one. As compared to the activity of potassium phenosan, the selenium-containing analogue had a cell line-dependent antioxidant effect against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity: comparable in HepG2 cells and greater in Hep-2 cells. The selenium-containing analogue significantly increased the death of MCF-7 cells at concentrations above 50 µM. The sulphur-containing analogue has lower biological activity as compared to potassium phenosan and the selenium-containing analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov S. Klyushova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 2/12 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Natalya V. Kandalintseva
- Department of Chemistry, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, 28 Vilyuyskaya Str., 630126 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Alevtina Y. Grishanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 2/12 Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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