1
|
Deore UV, Mahajan HS, Surana SJ, Joshi AA. Exploring film forming ability and improving its bioadhesiveness by thiolation of mucilaginous polysaccharides from Cassia uniflora seeds for drug delivery application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129500. [PMID: 38242397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of the present work were to explore film forming ability of mucilaginous polysaccharides obtained from Cassia uniflora seeds and improving its bioadhesive potential by thiolation for drug delivery and other applications. Thiolation was achieved by esterification reaction with thioglycolic acid. The modification was confirmed by performing and comparing its zeta potential, DSC, and spectrophotometric characterization by FTIR and NMR with unmodified mucilaginous polysaccharide. The modified mucilaginous polysaccharides FTIR spectra showed an additional absorption band at 2565 cm-1 and new shifts appeared in the 1H (δ 3.24 and at δ 3.44 ppm) and 13C NMR spectra's (21.56 ppm) confirming the esterification of mucilaginous polysaccharides. The prepared films of thiolated and unmodified mucilaginous polysaccharides were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, pH, and weight measurement, The film formulation had a thickness of 0.16 to 0.18 mm, pH in the range of 6.79 to 7.09 and weight uniformity 0.89 to 0.94 mg. The results reveal that the films based on thiolated material improved bioadhesive properties after thiolation. The SEM photographs revealed a smooth surface of film formulations. The diclofenac-loaded film of thiolated mucilaginous polysaccharide also showed >1.5-fold an increase in in-vitro drug release and exhibited non Fickian transport mechanism. These findings could increase the possible applications of chemically modified-thiolated mucilaginous polysaccharides of Cassia uniflora seeds in drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ujwaldip V Deore
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Near Karvand Naka, Shirpur, 425405 Dist: Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Hitendra S Mahajan
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Near Karvand Naka, Shirpur, 425405 Dist: Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay J Surana
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Near Karvand Naka, Shirpur, 425405 Dist: Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol A Joshi
- ASPM's K. T. Patil College of Pharmacy, Siddarth Nagar, Barshi Road, Dist: Osmanabad 413501, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pandey J, Singh BD, Khanam H, Tiwari B, Azaz T, Singh R. Cassia fistula galactomannan stabilized copper nanocatalyst as an efficient, recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the fast clickable [3+2] Huisgen cycloadditions in water. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128098. [PMID: 37972839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have first time investigated the synthesis of copper nanocatalyst by using biopolymer galactomannan, naturally extracted from Cassia fistula pods. The methodology involved for the preparation of copper nanocatalyst is economical, efficient, environment friendly, and did not involve further processing for stabilization or reduction of copper nanoparticles. The morphology and structural characterization of the nanocatalyst was performed by using different techniques such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, XRD, XPS, ICP-MS, BET, and TGA analysis. The prepared copper nanocatalyst is applied for the click [3+2] Huisgen cycloadditions of various azides and alkynes, employing water as environmentally benign solvent. In comparison to earlier reported methods, our method requires lowest catalyst loading, less reaction time, excellent yields and have wide substrate scope. Additionally, the catalyst was easily recovered by simple filtration and recycled at least ten consecutive times without any appreciable loss of efficiency and selectivity. The effect of mannose and galactose (Man/Gal) ratio of Cassia fistula galactomannan on the catalytic activity were also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India.
| | - Bal Dev Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Huda Khanam
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Bhoopendra Tiwari
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Tazeen Azaz
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ruchi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Zhen H, Yang S, Yan Q, Jiang Z. Manno-oligosaccharides from Cassia Seed Gum Attenuate Atherosclerosis through Inflammation Modulation and Intestinal Barrier Integrity Improvement in ApoE -/- Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300187. [PMID: 37967354 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Manno-oligosaccharides from cassia seed gum (CMOS) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and regulatory effects on cholesterol metabolism. However, their protective effects against the progression of atherosclerosis (AS) and underlying molecular mechanisms have not been investigated. This study investigates the anti-atherosclerotic effects of CMOS on ApoE-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS CMOS are supplemented in atherosclerotic male ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat-high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD). After the 12-week intervention, CMOS at 1200 mg kg-1 ·bw d-1 significantly decrease the atherosclerotic lesion area by 0.63-fold and the aortic arch lesion size by 0.63-fold when compared to the HFHCD group. Moreover, inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions is reduced by CMOS intervention, and the levels of serum lipids and inflammatory cytokines are decreased. The number of goblet cells and the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins in the H-CMOS group increase, thus indicating that CMOS can restore intestinal barrier integrity in atherosclerotic mice. Furthermore, CMOS reshape the unbalanced gut microbiota in ApoE-/- mice caused by HFHCD, and reduce the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio and Faecalibaculum that exhibits positive relationships with inflammation. CONCLUSION CMOS inhibit inflammation, alter intestinal barrier integrity, and regulate gut microbiota to attenuate AS in ApoE-/- mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongmin Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Changder A, Mandal SK, Sarkar S, Paul R, Ghosh A, Paul P, Dua TK, Sahu R, Nandi G, Ghosh LK. Evaluation of Cassia fistula seed galactomannan as tablet-binder in formulation of diclofenac sodium-loaded monolithic matrix tablet. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127173. [PMID: 37783253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate Cassia fistula seed galactomannan (CFSG) as a tablet-binder in the formulation of a monolithic matrix tablet using diclofenac sodium as a model drug. Initially, CFSG was extracted and purified from the seeds of the Cassia fistula tree and then screened for phytochemicals. Native CFSG was characterized with polysaccharide content determination, monosaccharide composition analysis, elemental analysis, FTIR, solid-state 13C NMR, molecular weight, zeta potential, DSC, TGA-DTA, XRD, viscosity, pH and surface tension, rheology, SEM and acute oral toxicity study. Prior to formulation, the drug-CFSG compatibility was checked by FTIR, DSC, and XRD. Diclofenac sodium-loaded granules were prepared by the wet granulation method and evaluated for various granule properties. Finally, granules were compressed into tablets and evaluated for binding and other tablet properties. The granules showed to have optimum micromeritic properties. Tablet hardness and friability were found to be approximately 7 kg/m2 and 0.3 %, respectively, which substantiate the excellent binding capacity of CFSG. Other tablet properties were also found to be within the Pharmacopoeial compliance limit. The tablets with a minimum concentration of CFSG (2.5%w/w) as binder showed appreciable mechanical strength and faster drug release, which ratifies CFSG as an alternative tablet binder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Changder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Mandal
- Research and Development, East India Pharmaceutical Works Limited, Kolkata 700061, India
| | - Saurav Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist., Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Riyasree Paul
- Flemming College of Pharmacy, Balarampur, Kolkata 700144, India
| | - Ananya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Paramita Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist., Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Dua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist., Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist., Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Gouranga Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist., Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India.
| | - Lakshmi Kanta Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie CH, Huang SX, Li JF, Luo ZH, Huang GF, Yan BB, Fan HX, Zheng JX, Zhou ZQ, Gao H. Two new meroterpenoids from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia and their antioxidant activity. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2023; 25:1051-1057. [PMID: 37010914 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2193334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Two new (1 and 2) meroterpenoids were isolated from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Antioxidant activities of 1 and 2 were evaluated by the ORAC and DPPH radical scavenging assays, and the results revealed that compound 2 displayed oxygen radical absorbance capacity. The discovery of compounds 1 and 2 added new members of this kind of natural product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Hong Xie
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shang-Xiong Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-Feng Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Geng-Feng Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing-Bing Yan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Xia Fan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-Xia Zheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheng-Qun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Senniappan S, Palanisamy S, Manon Mani V, Umesh M, Govindasamy C, Khan MI, Shanmugam S. Exploring the adsorption efficacy of Cassia fistula seed carbon for Cd (II) ion removal: Comparative study of isotherm models. Environ Res 2023; 235:116676. [PMID: 37453504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study demonstrates the potential of Cassia fistula seed carbon (CFSC), a waste lignocellulosic biomass, to eliminate Cd (II) ion-from saturated liquid samples. The efficient removal of about 93.2% (w/v) of Cd (II) ions from 10 mg/L concentration was achieved within 80 min of treatment. The CFSC dosage of 100 mg/50 mL accounted as optimal for enhanced Cd (II) removal. Cd (II) adsorption onto CFSC was observed to be maximum at pH 6. The investigational trials were assessed with three isotherm models such Dubinin-Radushkevich, Freundlich, and Langmuir. The specifications obtained from this experimental study align well with the Langmuir isotherm model, which describes the maximal adsorption capacity of 68.02 mg/g. Cd (II) adsorption data from this study exhibited the R2 of 0.9 under pseudo-second-order. Maximum desorption (76.3% w/v) was obtained with 0.3 M HCL. This study revealed that thermally activated C. fistula seed carbon (CFSC) can be tuned to be lucrative adsorbent for Cd (II) elimination from water and waste-water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasireka Senniappan
- Department of Chemistry, V.S.B College of Engineering Technical Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shanmughaprabha Palanisamy
- Department of Chemistry, Park College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641659, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vellingiri Manon Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathnavel Subramaniam College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 641402, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mridul Umesh
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ibrar Khan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabarathinam Shanmugam
- Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguyen VCN, Phan HVT, Nguyen VK, Vo DT, Tran TN, Dao MT, Hoang LTTT. A Comparison of a Conventional Chemical Coagulant and a Natural Coagulant Derived from Cassia fistula Seeds for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 85:324-331. [PMID: 37249609 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cassia fistula seed-derived coagulant has been reported to exhibit high coagulating-flocculating activity, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness for the wastewater treatment, especially of textile wastewater. For heavy metal removal, however, research focusing on evaluating the feasibility of this material is still limited. Therefore, this study reports jar-test experiments in which the Zn2+ and Ni2+ removal efficiency of C. fistula coagulant was assessed. Moreover, a comparison of coagulation performance using a conventional chemical coagulant and the natural coagulant was performed. Characterization of the C. fistula seed-derived coagulant revealed the presence of important functional groups and fibrous networks with rough surfaces. A bench-scale study indicated that the coagulation performance of the two coagulants depends strongly on the initial concentration of metal ions, pH level, and coagulant dosage. The C. fistula seed-derived coagulant was found to possess higher removal efficiency than polyaluminum chloride. This natural coagulant removed over 80% of metal ions at the optimal conditions of pH 5.0, a metal ion concentration of 25 ppm, and a dosage of 0.8 and 1.6 g/L for Zn2+ and Ni2+, respectively. This study shows that C. fistula seed-derived coagulant is a potential alternative to chemical coagulants and could be developed to provide an environmentally friendly, economical, and efficient wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoang-Vinh-Truong Phan
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Van-Kieu Nguyen
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Duc-Thuong Vo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong, 820000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Nha Tran
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong, 820000, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Trung Dao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong, 820000, Vietnam.
| | - Le-Thuy-Thuy-Trang Hoang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong, 820000, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
王 恒, 李 梦, 李 燊, 史 精, 黄 莉, 程 索, 邹 纯, 鄢 海. [Spectrum-effect relationship of total anthraquinone extract of Cassia seeds against fluorouracil-induced liver injury in mice]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2023; 43:825-831. [PMID: 37313825 PMCID: PMC10267224 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.05.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between the total anthraquinone extract of Cassia seeds and fluorouracil (5-Fu)-induced liver injury in mice and identify the effective components in the extract. METHODS A mouse model of liver injury was established by intraperitoneal injection of 5-Fu, with bifendate as the positive control. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver tissue were detected to investigate the effect of the total anthraquinone extract of Cassia seeds (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg) on liver injury induced by 5-Fu. HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of the total anthraquinone extracts were established to analyze the spectrum- effectiveness of the extract against 5- Fu- induced liver injury in mice and screen the effective components using the grey correlation method. RESULTS The 5- Fu- treated mice showed significant differences in liver function parameters from the normal control mice (P < 0.05), suggesting successful modelling. Compared with those in the model group, serum ALT and AST activities were decreased, SOD and T- AOC activities significantly increased, and MPO level was significantly lowered in the mice treated with the total anthraquinone extract (all P < 0.05). HPLC fingerprints of the 31 components in the total anthraquinone extract of Cassia seeds showed good correlations with the potency index of 5-Fu-induced liver injury but with varying correlation strengths. The top 15 components with known correlations included aurantio-obtusina (peak 6), rhein (peak 11), emodin (peak 22), chrysophanol (peak 29) and physcion (peak 30). CONCLUSION The effective components in the total anthraquinone extract of Cassia seeds, including aurantio-obtusina, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion, are coordinated to produce protective effects against 5-Fu-induced liver injury in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 恒 王
- />皖南医学院药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 梦奇 李
- />皖南医学院药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 燊星 李
- />皖南医学院药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 精干 史
- />皖南医学院药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 莉 黄
- />皖南医学院药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 索婷 程
- />皖南医学院药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 纯才 邹
- />皖南医学院药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 海燕 鄢
- />皖南医学院药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kour R, Sharma N, Showkat S, Sharma S, Nagaiah K, Kumar S, Kaur S. Methanolic fraction of Cassia fistula L. bark exhibits potential to combat oxidative stress and possess antiproliferative activity. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2023; 86:296-312. [PMID: 36919564 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2189435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cassia fistula L. is well known for its traditional medicinal properties as an anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic, and wound healing agent. The aim of the present study was to determine antioxidant, genoprotective, and cytotoxic potential of different fractions of C. fistula bark including hexane (CaMH), chloroform (CaMC), ethyl acetate (CaME), and methanol (CaMM). Among all the fractions studied, CaMM exhibited maximal radical scavenging activity in antioxidant DPPH assay, Superoxide anion radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay displayed an IC50 value of 18.95, 29.41, and 13.38 µg/ml, respectively. CaMM fraction possessed the highest phenolic (130.37 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight of extract) and flavonoid (36.96 mg rutin equivalent/g dry weight of fraction) content. Data demonstrated significant positive correlation between polyphenol levels and radical scavenging activity. Single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) exhibited genoprotective potential of C. fistula bark fractions against DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human lymphocytes. CaMM fraction displayed highest protective ability against H2O2 induced-toxicity as evidenced by significant decrease in % tail DNA content from 30 to 7% at highest concentration (200 µg/ml). CaMM was found to be rich in catechin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and kaempferol. The phenolic content and antioxidant ability of the fractions was markedly negatively correlated with H2O2- induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Cytotoxic potential was evaluated against dermal epidermoid carcinoma (A431), pancreatic (MIA PaCa-2) and brain glioblastoma (LN-18) cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Results showed that C. fistula bark fractions possessed highest toxicity against the skin carcinoma cells. CaMM fraction reduced over 50% cell growth at the concentration of 76.72 µg/ml in A431 cells. These findings suggest that fractions of C. fistula bark exhibit potential to be considered as therapeutic agents in various carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasdeep Kour
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sheikh Showkat
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Aquatic toxicology lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kommu Nagaiah
- Centre for natural products and Traditional knowledge, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Otify AM, Mohamed OG, El-Amier YA, Saber FR, Tripathi A, Younis IY. Bioherbicidal Activity and Metabolic Profiling of Allelopathic Metabolites of Three Cassia species using UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS and Molecular Networking. Metabolomics 2023; 19:16. [PMID: 36892715 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compared to synthetic herbicides, natural products with allelochemical properties can inhibit weed germination, aiding agricultural output with less phytotoxic residue in water and soil. OBJECTIVES To identify natural product extracts of three Cassia species; C. javanica, C. roxburghii, and C. fistula and to investigate the possible phytotoxic and allelopathic potential. METHODS Allelopathic activity of three Cassia species extracts was evaluated. To further investigate the active constituents, untergated metabolomics using UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS and ion-identity molecular networking (IIMN) approach was performed to identify and determine the distribution of metabolites in different Cassia species and plant parts. RESULTS We observed in our study that the plant extracts showed consistent allelopathic activity against seed germination (P < 0.05) and the inhibition of shoot and root development of Chenopodium murale in a dose-dependent manner. Our comprehensive study identified at least 127 compounds comprising flavonoids, coumarins, anthraquinones, phenolic acids, lipids, and fatty acid derivatives. We also report the inhibition of seed germination, shoot growth, and root growth when treated with enriched leaf and flower extracts of C. fistula, and C. javanica, and the leaf extract of C. roxburghii. CONCLUSION The present study recommends further evaluation of Cassia extracts as a potential source of allelopathic compounds in agricultural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Otify
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Osama G Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yasser A El-Amier
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatema R Saber
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Inas Y Younis
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qin W, Yang Z, Yin J, Chen D, Huo J, Wang J, Wang L, Zhuo Q. Effect Assessment of Aurantio-Obtusin on Novel Human Renal Glomerular Endothelial Cells Model Using a Microfluidic Chip. Nutrients 2022; 14:4615. [PMID: 36364876 PMCID: PMC9654768 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cassiae semen is widely used as a raw material of health food. Anthraquinone compounds, the main components in cassiae semen, have been reported to show nephrotoxicity. Aurantio-obtusin (AO) is a major anthraquinone compound extracted from cassiae semen. This study investigates the effects of AO on the morphology and physiological function of human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) on a microfluidic chip device for the first time. HRGECs were cultured on a microfluidic plate and exposed to a series of AO concentrations. Compared with traditional 96-well culture, HRGECs cultured on the microfluidic chip appeared to better mimic the glomerular microenvironment in vivo. AO induced different degrees of damage to cellular morphology and physiological function. The leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), increased in the AO treated groups. At the same time, cell viability and expression of ZO-1 in the AO treated groups decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The innovative device enables direct visualization and quantification to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of AO on HRGECs, and provides a useful visual in vitro model for studying health effect of health food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qin
- Department of Central Laboratory, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiyong Yin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Junsheng Huo
- Department of Central Laboratory, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qin Zhuo
- Department of Central Laboratory, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sepehr F, Shirafkan H, Behzad C, Memariani Z, Mozaffarpur SA. The effect of Cassia fistula L. syrup in geriatrics constipation in comparison with the lactulose: A randomized clinical trial. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 297:115466. [PMID: 35798138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cassia fistula is widely used in traditional Persian Medicine as a mild laxative. The rate of chronic constipation increases above the age of 60. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effect of Cassia fistula syrup (CFS) on geriatric constipation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This clinical trial study was performed on 70 aged patients who were referred to the clinic of gastroenterology of Rouhani Hospital, Babol, North of Iran. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of CFS or Lactulose with a dose of 30 ccs/day. Patients were visited two weeks after entering the study to evaluate the frequency of defecation, feeling of incomplete emptying after defecation, manual maneuver, consistency of stool, and also the quality of life. RESULTS The frequency of defecation per week varied from 1.82 ± 1.16 to 8.36 ± 3.44 in the CFS group after 2 weeks of intervention that was significantly more than the Lactulose that changed from 2.16 ± 1.46 to 5.66 ± 2.96 (P-value = 0.023, partial eta square = 0.079, NNT = 4). The quality of life, the percent of straining, lumpy or hard stool, pain during defecation, and the consistency of stool based on VAS were significantly better in the CFS group. The sensation of incomplete defecation, anorectal obstruction, and manual maneuvering were not different significantly between groups. CONCLUSION CFS can be more effective than Lactulose on geriatric constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farangiz Sepehr
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Hoda Shirafkan
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Catherine Behzad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health, Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang S, Rao S, Yang MW, Huang YT, Hong FF, Yang SL. Pharmacological effects of the Cassia Seed on atherosclerosis: A meta-analysis based on network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30411. [PMID: 36086754 PMCID: PMC10980403 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to shed light on the active ingredients and potential targets of Cassia Seed about anti-atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology. METHODS The active ingredients and potential targets of Cassia Seed were obtained from traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) and SwissTargetPrediction database. Then, atherosclerosis-related targets were screened via GeneCards, online mendelian inheritance in man, therapeutic target database and DrugBank database. The common targets and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was later identified and built. Furthermore, we used the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) database server to accomplish the enrichment analysis. The compounds-targets-pathways network was ultimately constructed by Cytoscape. RESULTS A total of 14 active ingredients and 475 related targets were sifted from Cassia Seed. Among 574 potential atherosclerotic targets, there were 99 targets overlapped with those of Cassia Seed. Topological analysis with Cytoscape revealed that proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) and catenin beta-1 were considered as the hub gene. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis suggested that the Cassia Seed had the potential to influence varieties of biological processes and pathways, including positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation, inflammatory response, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway and arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolism. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings support that anti-atherosclerosis effects of Cassia Seed are characterized by multi-component, multi-target and multi-path mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sijing Rao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mei Wen Yang
- Department of Surgery, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ting Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chew YL, Khor MA, Xu Z, Lee SK, Keng JW, Sang SH, Akowuah GA, Goh KW, Liew KB, Ming LC. Cassia alata, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica: Food Ingredients as Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Atopic Dermatitis-A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175475. [PMID: 36080243 PMCID: PMC9457827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine is critical in disease treatment and management. Herbs are gaining popularity for disease management and treatment. Therefore, they can be utilised as complementary and alternative treatment (CAT) ingredients. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the common non-communicable diseases. It is characterised by chronic inflammatory skin disease with intense pruritus and eczematous lesions. AD is associated with oxidative stress, microbial infection, and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Both children and adults could be affected by this skin disorder. The prevalence of AD is increasing along with the country’s level of development. This review revisited the literature on four medicinal herbs widely used as complementary medicine to manage AD. These therapeutic herbs are commonly eaten as food and used as spices in Asian cuisine. The four food herbs reviewed are Cassia alata, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa Linn, and Azadirachta indica. Their traditional uses and phytochemical content will be covered. Four relevant pharmacological and biological activities of the plants crucial in AD management have been reviewed and discussed, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, and wound recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +603-9101-8880; Fax: +603-9102-3606
| | - Mei-Ann Khor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Zhao Xu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Kei Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jing-Wen Keng
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Huey Sang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71809, Malaysia
| | - Kai Bin Liew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee JY, Liao WL, Liu YH, Kuo CL, Lung FW, Hsieh CL. Oral administration of processed Cassia obtusifolia L. seed powder May reduce body weight and cholesterol in overweight patients with schizophrenia: A 36-week randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of high and low doses. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 292:115111. [PMID: 35304275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obesity in patients with schizophrenia is related to antipsychotic drug use, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, which are critical risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cassia seed is a traditional Chinese medicine that can be used to treat various eye disorders. Anthraquinone-containing Cassia seed were used to lower serum levels of fat and cholesterol. AIM OF STUDY The effects of Cassia seed powder on body weight and lipids were investigated in overweight or obese patients with schizophrenia. METHODS The present study was designed as a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Ninety-four patients with schizophrenia who were overweight or obese were assigned to a control group (CG, 47 patients) and treatment group (TG, 47 patients) that received low dose Cassia seed power (0.3 g once daily) and Cassia seed powder (3.0 g once daily), respectively, for 36 weeks. The main outcome was the change in body mass index and waist circumference (WC). The secondary outcome was the change in serum lipids, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and glycated hemoglobin. RESULTS Seventy-four patients completed the study (n = 36, CG; n = 38, TG). WC was significantly lower at the second (24 weeks, 98.63 ± 9.44 vs 95.80 ± 10.26 cm, p = 0.023), third (36 weeks, 98.35 ± 9.46 vs 95.05 ± 10.07 cm, p = 0.002), and fourth (48 weeks, 98.78 ± 9.48 vs 93.73 ± 10.28 cm, p < 0.001) follow-ups than at baseline in the TG, but only significantly lower than baseline at the fourth follow-up (100.78 ± 13.98 vs 94.03 ± 9.74 cm, p = 0.006); no significant difference in CG was observed at both the second (101.03 ± 13.62 vs 97.35 ± 8,29 cm, p = 0.08) and third (100.55 ± 13.69 vs 96.55 ± 8.29 cm, p = 0.066) follow-up. The difference in serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels between the baseline and the third follow-up was greater in the TG than in the CG (149.68 ± 34.85 vs 179.08 ± 75.87 mg/dL, p = 0.033; 84.40 ± 28.06 vs102.08 ± 34.12 mg/dL, p = 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSION In patients with schizophrenia who were overweight or obese, oral administration of Cassia seed powder (3.0 g) for 24 weeks and 36 weeks reduced WC, and oral administration of Cassia seed powder for 36 weeks reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels, suggesting that Cassia seed powder aids the management of patients with schizophrenia who are overweight or obese. However, these results are preliminary, and future studies should use larger sample sizes, multiple testing centers, and multiple dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ying Lee
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - For-Wey Lung
- Calo Psychiatric Center, Pingtung County, 925, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan; Institute of Education, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; International Graduate Program of Education and Human Development (IGPEHD), National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40467, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Farag MA, Kabbash EM, Mediani A, Döll S, Esatbeyoglu T, Afifi SM. Comparative Metabolite Fingerprinting of Four Different Cinnamon Species Analyzed via UPLC-MS and GC-MS and Chemometric Tools. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092935. [PMID: 35566284 PMCID: PMC9104325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess metabolites heterogeneity among four major Cinnamomum species, including true cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and less explored species (C. cassia, C. iners, and C. tamala). UPLC-MS led to the annotation of 74 secondary metabolites belonging to different classes, including phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids, and lignans. A new proanthocyanidin was identified for the first time in C. tamala, along with several glycosylated flavonoid and dicarboxylic fatty acids reported for the first time in cinnamon. Multivariate data analyses revealed, for cinnamates, an abundance in C. verum versus procyandins, dihydro-coumaroylglycosides, and coumarin in C. cassia. A total of 51 primary metabolites were detected using GC-MS analysis encompassing different classes, viz. sugars, fatty acids, and sugar alcohols, with true cinnamon from Malaysia suggested as a good sugar source for diabetic patients. Glycerol in C. tamala, erythritol in C. iners, and glucose and fructose in C. verum from Malaysia were major metabolites contributing to the discrimination among species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (T.E.); (S.M.A.); Tel.: +11-202-2362245 (M.A.F.); +49-511-762-5589 (T.E.)
| | - Eman M. Kabbash
- Phytochemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Stefanie Döll
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am KleinenFelde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (T.E.); (S.M.A.); Tel.: +11-202-2362245 (M.A.F.); +49-511-762-5589 (T.E.)
| | - Sherif M. Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (T.E.); (S.M.A.); Tel.: +11-202-2362245 (M.A.F.); +49-511-762-5589 (T.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Veeramani C, El Newehy AS, Alsaif MA, Al-Numair KS. Cassia fistula nutrition rich flower tea derived biotic nanoparticles synthesis, characterization and their antioxidant and anti-hyperglycaemic properties. Afr Health Sci 2022; 22:384-394. [PMID: 36032488 PMCID: PMC9382472 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v22i1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cassia fistula (CF) is a nutrient-rich flowering plant and it has been used to cure numerous human health problems including cardiac diseases, bacterial infection, and inflammation. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the production and characterisation of biomimetic iron oxide nanoparticles (ICF) derived from CF flower tea as well as evaluate their antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Methodology CF tea derived ICF synthesis and characterized by established physical-chemical methods. Moreover, this synthesized ICF were checked for their antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties such as alpha-amylase, glucose intake, total antioxidant (TAA), ferrous reducing (FA), and radical scavenging (DPPH) properties. Results The synthesized ICF characterization and size were confirmed primarily by described physical and chemical methods. Our findings revealed that ICF have a powerful antihyperglycemic mechanism by involving alpha-amylase inhibition and enhanced glucose absorption. Meanwhile, this ICF exhibited distinguished antioxidant competence by improving TAA and free radical scavenging (TAA, DPPH) properties. Finally, this ICF has proven anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant mechanisms due to their presence of nano-sized biomolecules. Conclusion In this study, it might be concluded that the CF is the best source for iron oxide nanoparticles production with clarity, small size and high solidity. Moreover, this nanoparticle has proven in vitro anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Veeramani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S El Newehy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsaif
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Al-Numair
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun W, Feng L, Wen X, Han B, Xing D, Hu P, Li R. First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Didymella americana on Cassia nomame in China. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1304. [PMID: 34664984 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-21-1799-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Sun
- College of Marine Resources and Environment & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Lina Feng
- College of Marine Resources and Environment & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Xiaolei Wen
- College of Marine Resources and Environment & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Bojia Han
- College of Marine Resources and Environment & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Danrun Xing
- College of Marine Resources and Environment & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Pengju Hu
- College of Marine Resources and Environment & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Ruolin Li
- College of Marine Resources and Environment & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hasan MU, Adeel S, Batool F, Ahmad T, Tang RC, Amin N, Khan SR. Sustainable application of Cassia obovata-based chrysophanic acid as potential source of yellow natural colorant for textile dyeing. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:10740-10753. [PMID: 34524676 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current pandemic scenario, sustainable green products particularly antiviral, antioxidant, and antibacterial in nature are gaining worldwide fame in almost every walk of life. Cassia obovata (C. obovata) has been valorized as a source of yellow natural dye for nylon dyeing. For the isolation of dye extracts and for surface tuning, nylon fabrics were treated with microwave rays up to 10 min. For getting new shades with good to excellent fastness characteristics, sustainable bio-mordants in comparison with chemical mordants have been used at 60 °C, 70 °C, and 80°C. It has been found that for getting effective colorant yield, acidic extract should be exposed to MW ray treatment up to 6 min, and for getting improved fastness rating, bio-mordants have given excellent color characteristics. Statistical optimization of dyeing variable shows that application of 40 mL of C. obovata acidic extract of RE of 6 pH containing 3 g/100 mL of salt when employed at 55 °C for 45 min has given excellent results onto irradiated nylon fabric (RNF). It is inferred that Cassia obovata has an excellent potential for coloration of surface-modified fabrics, where the application of low amount of bio-mordants under statistical optimized conditions has made process more ecological, economical, and sustainable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ul Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Adeel
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Batool
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tanvir Ahmad
- Department of Statistics, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ren-Cheng Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Nimra Amin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Rehman Khan
- Applied Chemistry Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rajagopal A, Rajakannu S. Cassia auriculata and its role in infection / inflammation: A close look on future drug discovery. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132345. [PMID: 34826955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The herbal plants contain various active compounds which have the ability to treat several human diseases without any side effects like cancer chemotherapeutic drugs used currently. It is reported that majority of the presently used drugs are derived from natural resources like plants or their products and hence, there is an urgent need to search for novel drugs from natural resources. Accordingly, the present study was designed to exploit an ethnomedicinally important plant Cassia auriculata Linn. for the identification of its phytoconstituents responsible for various properties such as antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-diabetic activities. Different extracts of the plant were subjected to chromatographic techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to acquire the fingerprint of the phytoconstituents present in the plant. The extracts were analyzed by Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Visible) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The efficacy of the extracts was examined through different in vitro assay methods. The GC-MS study exhibited the occurrence of 48 phytoconstituents in all the tested extracts and the HPLC study revealed the presence of quercetin. Different in vitro evaluations of the plant revealed that both ethyl acetate (DPPH-IC50: 340.9 μg/ml) and ethanol fractions (DPPH-IC50: 205.5 μg/ml) exhibited a potent activity. Hence, using the above study, novel potent antimicrobial and anti-diabetic principles from C. auriculata can be formulated in the future towards the clinical progress of therapeutic remedies against these ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subashini Rajakannu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Giri DD, Jha JM, Srivastava N, Hashem A, Abd Allah EF, Shah M, Pal DB. Sustainable removal of arsenic from simulated wastewater using solid waste seed pods biosorbents of Cassia fistula L. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132308. [PMID: 34826947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation is focused to develop a new type of solid waste based biosorbent, derived from the Cassia fistula pod biomass. The prepared biosorbent has been characterized through different techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscope and X-ray diffraction to investigate the physiochemical properties which are potential for the bioadsorbent application. The experiments have been performed considering four parameters namely; pH, biosorbent dose, initial concentration of As+3 and duration in the batch reactor. The experimental results have been analyzed using the design-expert software for the optimization of different parameters. The maximum removal of arsenic could be achieved ∼91% whereas monolayer adsorption capacity is found to be 1.13 mg g-1 in 80 min at pH 6.0 and 30 °C by using 60 mg dose of bioadsorbent. The arsenic adsorption behavior of the bio-adsorbent has been well interpreted in terms of pseudo-first order and Freundlich model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deen Dayal Giri
- Department of Botany, Maharaj Singh College, Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Mant Jha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology(BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maulin Shah
- Environmental Technology Limited, Ankeleshwar, Gujrat, India
| | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Theamwong N, Intarabumrung W, Sangon S, Aintharabunya S, Ngernyen Y, Hunt AJ, Supanchaiyamat N. Activated carbons from waste Cassia bakeriana seed pods as high-performance adsorbents for toxic anionic dye and ciprofloxacin antibiotic remediation. Bioresour Technol 2021; 341:125832. [PMID: 34461404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Waste Cassia bakeriana seed pods were used for porous carbon production in a facile pyrolysis process. The carbons were highly efficient adsorbents for methylene blue, congo red and ciprofloxacin antibiotic from aqueous media. The experimental results demonstrated that despite moderate surface area of 283.4 m2/g, KOH activated carbon (PSAC-KOH) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for congo red reported to date for carbon-based adsorbents (970 mg/g). PSAC-KOH also demonstrated a high adsorption capacity at 600 mg/g for ciprofloxacin. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the carbons demonstrated an extensive graphitic characteristic, while Fourier transform infrared spectra of PSAC-KOH suggested a high proportion of aromaticity which promotes adsorption mechanisms including electrostatic and π-π interactions. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitting suggested a rate-controlling chemisorption mechanism. The utilization of waste Cassia bakeriana seed pods for carbon production may create new opportunities to develop sustainable and highly efficient adsorbents for water remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidchakarn Theamwong
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wimonsiri Intarabumrung
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suwiwat Sangon
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suphattra Aintharabunya
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yuvarat Ngernyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Andrew J Hunt
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nontipa Supanchaiyamat
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hemavathy RV, Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Vo DVN, Karishma S, Jeevanantham S. Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) ions onto surface modified adsorbents derived from Cassia fistula seeds: Optimization and modelling study. Chemosphere 2021; 283:131276. [PMID: 34182625 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cassia fistula seeds has been utilized for the abstraction of Pb(II) ions from the aqueous environment. Raw Cassia fistula seeds (RCF) and three different surface modified (physically treated - PMCF and chemically treated - HMCF and SMCF) adsorbent material were taken for investigation. The adsorption properties of these materials and their contact amongst the Pb(II) ion and sorbent materials were characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis. The parameters influencing the adsorption capacity of varied adsorbents were evaluated: maximum solution pH for Pb(II) is 5.0; interactive time is 30 min; dosage is 8.0 g/L for RCF, 4.0 g/L for HMCF, 2.5 g/L for PMCF and 1.0 g/L for SMCF. The modelling study reveals that Freundlich isotherm and Pseudo first order kinetics fits well and the utmost adsorption measurements for the varied adsorbents were found to be 13.22, 28.28, 48.66 and 129.3 mg/g, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R V Hemavathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - S Karishma
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Jeevanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tietel Z, Ananth DA, Sivasudha T, Klipcan L. Metabolomics of Cassia Auriculata Plant Parts (Leaf, Flower, Bud) and Their Antidiabetic Medicinal Potentials. OMICS 2021; 25:294-301. [PMID: 33904794 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common chronic disease where therapeutics innovation is much needed. The search for novel antidiabetic molecules can be greatly facilitated by high throughput metabolomic characterization of herbal medicines. Cassia auriculata is a shrub used in Ayurvedic medicine and native to India and Sri Lanka. While C. auriculata has been used as a medicinal herb in diabetes, the molecular evidence for its antidiabetic medicinal potentials and components needs to be established. Moreover, the phytocomposition of the various plant parts is not fully known. We report a comprehensive metabolomic gas chromatography mass spectrometry study of the C. auriculata plant parts, including the leaf, flower, and bud. We identified a total of 102 primary and secondary metabolites in seven chemical groups, including amino acids (AA), carboxylic acids, nucleosides, fatty acids, among others. Interestingly, plant parts differed in their metabolomic signatures. While in the flowers and leaves nine and six AA were identified, respectively, no AA was detected in the buds. Some of the identified compounds have been previously noted for their antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic bioactivities. These findings offer a concrete metabolomic basis on the phytocomposition of individual C. auriculata plant parts. These omics data call for future research on the function of the identified compounds, and clinical studies to further evaluate their antidiabetic potentials and mechanisms of action in the clinic. Finally, we note that plant omics research offers an important avenue to inform, verify, and strengthen the evidentiary base and clinical testing of herbs with medicinal potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Devanesan Arul Ananth
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Thilagar Sivasudha
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Liron Klipcan
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization M.P. Negev, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun M, He N, Lv Z. Polysaccharides extracted from Cassia seeds protect against high glucose-induced retinal endothelial cell injury. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:2465-2472. [PMID: 33733282 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the protect effect of polysaccharides extract from cassia seeds (CSPE) on human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) in hyperglycemia environment. METHODS The same amount of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs), respectively, inoculated in vitro were divided into normal group (Con group), hyperglycemia group (H-Glu group), and different concentration of cassia polysaccharides extract (CSPE) combined with high glucose medium group (CSPE group). HRECs in Con group were cultured routinely. The cell in H-Glu group was treated with high glucose, in which the concentration of glucose in the medium was 30 mM. HRECs in CSPE group were treated with different concentrations of CSPE combined with high glucose. Enhanced cell counting kit-8(CCK8) assay was used to measure the HRECs cell survival rate in different groups. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different group was measured by flow cytometry. The real-time quantitative PCR analysis was used for determining intracellular heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA levels. Western Blot was applied to test the change of proteins, such as HO-1- and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein. RESULTS The cell survival rate of the H-Glu group was significantly lower than that of the Con group (P < 0.05). When the concentration of CSPE was 100 mg/ml in CSPE group, the HRECs cell survival rate was significantly lower than that of the Con group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference with H-Glu group. When the concentration of CSPE in CSPE group was between 50 µg/ml and 1 × 104 µg/ml, the survival rate of HRECs cells showed no significant difference compared with that of H-Glu group and Con group. However, when the concentration of CSPE in CSPE group was between 2.5 and 40 µg/ml, the HRECs cell survival rate was significantly higher than that of H-Glu group (P < 0.05) with a concentration-independent, and there was no significant difference between CSPE group and Con group. The ROS production was lowest in the CSPE group and was lower in Con group than in the H-Glu group. The contents of HO-1 mRNA (P < 0.05), HO-1 and Nrf2 protein were lower in the H-Glu group than in the CSPE and Con group, and there was no significant difference between the CSPE group and H-Glu group. CONCLUSIONS A certain concentration range of CSPE can increase the expression of the downstream protein HO-1 and negatively regulate the production of ROS by upregulating the expression of Nrf2, thus protecting human retinal endothelial cells from oxidative damage caused by high glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhigang Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kaur S, Kumar A, Pandit K, Kaur S. Modulation of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects of fractions from Cassia fistula L. on human cervical HeLa and breast MCF-7 cancer cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:6619-6634. [PMID: 33000335 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties of extracts of Cassia fistula prepared by sequentially fractionation of 80% methanolic (CaLM extract) extract of C. fistula leaves, namely CaLH (hexane), CaLC (chloroform), CaLE (ethyl acetate), CaLB (n-butanol), and CaLA (aqueous) fractions. The antimutagenicity of the fractions was tested against mutagens viz. S9-independent, namely 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98) and sodium azide (TA100) and S9-dependent, 2-AF (2-aminofluorene). Among the tested fractions, CaLE fraction showed a potent efficacy with an inhibition percentage of 85.57% (TA98) and 89.93% (TA100) against the mutagenicity induced by 2-aminofluorene. The CaLE fraction could significantly scavenge free radicals in various assays, namely DPPH, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays with an IC50 of 12.80, 144, and 257.3 μg/ml respectively. The antiproliferative potential of the effective CaLE fraction was assessed using MTT assay against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells with GI50 value of 243.4 and 324.6 μg/ml respectively. The fraction exhibited remarkable apoptosis-inducing effects through the externalization of phosphatidylserine in HeLa cells as analyzed by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay. The HPLC analysis of CaLE revealed the presence of catechin, epiafzelechin, and chlorogenic acid which are responsible for its antimutagenic and antiproliferative efficacy. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kritika Pandit
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kaur S, Pandit K, Chandel M, Kaur S. Antiproliferative and apoptogenic effects of Cassia fistula L. n-hexane fraction against human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:32017-32033. [PMID: 32504442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study was performed to evaluate the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing potential of n-hexane fraction from Cassia fistula L. (Caesalpinioideae) fruits. The antiproliferative property of the fraction was determined by MTT assay against cancer cell lines including HeLa, MG-63, IMR-32, and PC-3 with GI50 value of 97.69, 155.2, 143, and 160.2 μg/ml respectively. The fraction was further explored for its apoptotic effect using confocal, SEM, and flow cytometry studies in HeLa cells. It was observed that the treatment of fraction revealed fragmentation of DNA, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies in a dose-dependent manner. The fraction also showed a remarkable increase in the level of ROS, mitochondrial depolarization and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and induction in the phosphatidylserine externalization analyzed using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay in HeLa cells. Kaempferol, Ellagic acid, and Epicatechin are the major phytoconstituents present in the fraction as revealed by the HPLC. The treatment of n-hexane fraction showed downregulation in the gene expression of Bcl-2 and upregulation in the expression level of p53, Bad, and caspase-3 genes analyzed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR in HeLa cells. These results suggest that n-hexane fraction from C. fistula inhibited the proliferation of cervical cancer cells efficiently by the induction of apoptosis. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India
| | - Kritika Pandit
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Madhu Chandel
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Q, Zhou J, Xiang Z, Tong Q, Pan J, Wan L, Chen J. Anti-diabetic and renoprotective effects of Cassiae Semen extract in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 239:111904. [PMID: 31022564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cassiae Semen, the dried seed of Cassia obtusifolia L. (Leguminosae), is a traditional Chinese medicine. It has long been used as the treatment of diabetic hyperlipidemia and diabetic constipation in Traditional Chinese Medicine formulae. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic and renoprotective effects of Cassiae Semen extract (CSE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quality control of CSE was performed using HPLC. CSE were orally administered at 27, 54 and 81 mg/kg dose to high-sucrose-high-fat (HSHF) diet and STZ-induced diabetic rats for 60 days. Body weight, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism profiles were measured to assess the anti-diabetic effect of CSE. Oxidative stress markers and inflammatory factors were determined using commercial kits. Renal function related parameters were also measured. Histopathological examination of kidney was conducted for the validation of pathological changes in the diabetic rats. Immunohistochemical examination of kidney was measured to investigate the expression of RAGE in renal tissues. RESULTS Five compounds, including two anthraquinones and three naphtopyrones were simultaneously determined in CSE. Compared with diabetic control, groups treated with CSE exhibited an anti-diabetic effect, including a significant amelioration in body weight, glycemic control, oral glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism (P < 0.01). Moreover, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses decreased after oral administration of CSE (P < 0.01). CSE also showed protective effects on renal functions, decreasing the ratio of kidney/body weight, 24 h urine volume, 24 h urine protein, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P < 0.01). Additionally, renal protective effect was also observed in histopathological examination. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CSE downregulated the expression of RAGE. CONCLUSIONS It turned out that CSE had both anti-diabetic and renoprotective effects in diabetic rats. CSE can be a potential agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiewen Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhinan Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qilin Tong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Luosheng Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jiachun Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mohammed HA, Abdel-Aziz MM, Hegazy MM. Anti-Oral Pathogens of Tecoma stans (L.) and Cassia javanica (L.) Flower Volatile Oils in Comparison with Chlorhexidine in Accordance with Their Folk Medicinal Uses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060301. [PMID: 31238555 PMCID: PMC6631167 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Teeth decay and plaque are complicated problems created by oral pathogens. Tecoma stans (L.) and Cassia javanica (L.) are two ornamental evergreen plants widely distributed in Egypt. These plants are traditionally used for oral hygienic purposes. This study aims to elucidate the volatile oil constituents obtained from the flowers of these plants and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of these volatile oils against specific oral pathogens in comparison to chlorhexidine. Materials and Methods: The flowers obtained from both plants were extracted by n-hexane. GC-MS spectrometry was used to identify the constituents. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured using tetrazolium salt (2,3-bis[2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) (XTT). Results: GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 32 and 29 compounds, representing 100% of the volatile constituents of Tecoma stans and Cassia javanica, respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed more than 60% of the volatile oil constituents are represented in both plants with different proportions. Chlorhexidine exerted stronger activity than tested plants against all microorganisms. Cassia javanica flower extract was more active against all tested microorganisms than Tecoma stans. Of note was the effect on Streptococcus mutans, which was inhibited by 100% at 12.5 and 25 µg/mL of Cassia javanica and Tecoma stans, respectively. The growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus was also completely inhibited by 25 µg/mL of the Cassia javanica extract. MIC90 and MIC were also calculated, which revealed the superiority of Cassia javanica over Tecoma stans against all tested oral pathogens. Conclusion: Cassia javanica flower volatile oils showed a potential anti-oral pathogen activity at relatively low concentrations. Also, Cassia javanica and Tecoma stans demonstrated a strong activity against tooth decay's notorious bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Both plants can be potential substituents to chlorhexidine. Formulating the constituents of these plants in toothpastes and mouthwashes as anti-oral pathogen preparations can be an interesting future plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdoon A Mohammed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt.
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- Regional Centre for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa M Hegazy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kuriakose GC, Lakshmanan M D, Bp A, Rs HK, Th AK, Ananthaswamy K, C J. Extract of Penicillium sclerotiorum an endophytic fungus isolated from Cassia fistula L. induces cell cycle arrest leading to apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane depolarization in human cervical cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:1062-1071. [PMID: 30021342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventeen endophytic fungi were isolated from various tissues of Cassia fistula and the ethyl acetate extracts obtained from 21-day cultures of all the endophytic fungal isolates were initially screened for their cytotoxicity against HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) cells using MTT assay. Of these, Penicillium sclerotiorum extract (PSE), significantly affected the viability of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. The extract of P. Sclerotiorum was further analyzed by GC-MS, which showed three compounds, hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid and benzoic acid to be the major active principles in the extracts.The extract was further tested for invitro cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines. Of the cell lines tested, HeLa cells showed maximum sensitivity followed by A549, while A431 and U251 were moderately sensitive and MCF-7 was insensitive to the treatment. In addition, normal human embryonic kidney cells, HEK293 remained insensitive to the treatment. Furthermore, the mechanism of cytotoxic activity exhibited by PSE was investigated by evaluating cell cycle progression and apoptotic induction in HeLa cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the PSE arrested cells at S and G2/M phase of the cell cycle in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin V- Propidium iodide double staining showed that, the extract potentiates apoptosis rather than necrosis in cells. This was supported by the down regulation in the proapoptotic protein BCL2 and up regulation of BAX (BCL2 Associated X), tumor suppressor protein, p53 and Apaf-1 [Apoptotic Peptidase Activating Factor 1]. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and a distinct DNA fragmentation pattern observed following the treatment, suggest that the PSE treatment leads to activation of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Further, the extract also exhibited both antioxidant and anti-angiogenic properties. These results indicate that endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants may serve as potential sources of the anti-cancerous compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gini C Kuriakose
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Divya Lakshmanan M
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Arathi Bp
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Hari Kumar Rs
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anantha Krishna Th
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kavya Ananthaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jayabhaskaran C
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jang SH, Yang DK. The combination of Cassia obtusifolia L. and Foeniculum vulgare M. exhibits a laxative effect on loperamide-induced constipation of rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195624. [PMID: 29621360 PMCID: PMC5886691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic constipation is a functional gastrointestinal disease that is detrimental to the quality of patient life. Cassia obtusifolia L. (CO) and Foeniculum vulgare M. (FV) are commonly used as medicinal foods in many countries. We aimed to examine the laxative effect and their underlying mechanism of CO and FV mixture on loperamide (lop)-induced constipated rats. To determine the laxative effects of these compounds, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: the control, lop-induced constipated (2mg/kg), and three doses (100, 300, and 500mg/kg) of CO and FV mixture-, and Bisacodyl (bis, 3.3mg/kg)-treated groups. The mixture of CO and FV and bis were orally administered once a day for 4 weeks. For induction of constipation, the lop were treated with a dose of 2 mg/kg twice a day on the 3rd week after treatments of CO and FV extracts and bis. The results were revealed that the CO and FV mixture has the laxative effects more than those in CO and FV-alone treatments on constipated rats by determining the stool parameters, including stool number and weight. Indeed, stool parameters, such as, stool number, weight, and water contents and colonic peristalsis from the intestinal transit length and ratio were dramatically improved by CO and FV mixture treatment. Histological study also revealed that CO and FV mixture enhanced the thicknesses of mucosa and muscular layers of the colon in constipated rats. For their underlying mechanism, the mRNAs and proteins expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchR) M2 and M3 and their downstream signaling were preserved by CO and FV mixture treatment in constipated rats. Therefore, this study suggests that treatment with CO and FV mixture has beneficial effects against constipation. We further suggest that CO and FV mixture may be utilized as an alternative therapeutic strategy for constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Jang
- Research & Development in TEAZEN, Inc., Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Gobong-ro, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sreelakshmi V, Abraham A. Protective effects of Cassia tora leaves in experimental cataract by modulating intracellular communication, membrane co-transporters, energy metabolism and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:1274-1282. [PMID: 28274170 PMCID: PMC6130452 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1299769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cataract is the clouding of eye lens which causes impairment in vision and accounts for the leading factor of global blindness. Functional food-based prevention of cataract finds application in vision research because of its availability and easy access to all classes of the society. Cassia tora Linn. (Caesalpinaceae) is an edible plant mentioned in the traditional systems of medicine for whole body health, especially to the eyes. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the potential of ethyl acetate fraction of Cassia tora leaves (ECT) on experimental cataract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cataract was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite (4 μg/g body weight) on 10th day. ECT was supplemented orally from 8th day up to 12th day at a concentration of 5 μg/g body weight and marker parameters were evaluated after 30 days. RESULTS The production of MPO and the activation of calpain were reduced 52.17% and 36.67% by ECT in lens tissue, respectively. It modulated the energy status by significantly increasing the activity of CCO 1 (55.56%) and ATP production (41.88%). ECT maintained the ionic balance in the lens by reducing the level of sodium (50%) and increasing the level of potassium (42.5%). It also reduced cell junction modifications and preserved a functional ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results reinforce the growing attention on wild plant food resources for preventive protection against cataract. The data suggest the value of Cassia tora leaves as a functional food for ameliorating cataract pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sreelakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Annie Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tran HN, You SJ, Chao HP. Fast and efficient adsorption of methylene green 5 on activated carbon prepared from new chemical activation method. J Environ Manage 2017; 188:322-336. [PMID: 28006742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from golden shower (GS) through a new chemical activation process. The three-stage process comprised (1) hydrothermal carbonization of GS to produce hydrochar, (2) pyrolysis of hydrochar to produce biochar, and (3) subsequent chemical activation of biochar with K2CO3 to obtain GSHBAC. The traditional synthesis processes (i.e., one-stage and two-stage) were also examined for comparison. In the one-stage process, GS that was impregnated with K2CO3 was directly pyrolyzed (GSAC), and the two-stage process consisted of (1) pyrolytic or hydrothermal carbonization to produce biochar or hydrochar and (2) subsequent chemical activation was defined as GSBAC and GSHAC, respectively. The synthesized ACs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, point zero charge, and Boehm titration. The adsorption results demonstrated that the MG5 adsorption process was not remarkably affected by neither the solution pH (2.0-10) nor ionic strength (0-0.5 M NaCl). Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption equilibrium was quickly established, with a low activation energy required for adsorption (Ea; 3.30-27.8 kJ/mol), and the ACs removed 50-73% of the MG5 concentration from solution within 01 min. Desorption studies confirmed the adsorption was irreversible. Thermodynamic experiments suggested that the MG5 adsorption was spontaneous (-ΔG°) and endothermic (+ΔH°), and increased the randomness (+ΔS°) in the system. Although the specific surface areas of the ACs followed the order GSAC (1,413) > GSHAC (1,238) > GSHBAC (903) > GSBAC (812 m2/g), the maximum adsorption capacities determined from the Langmuir model (Qomax) at 30 °C exhibited the following order: GSHBAC (531) > GSAC (344) > GSHAC (332) > GSBAC (253 mg/g). Oxygenation of the ACs' surface through a hydrothermal process with acrylic acid resulted in a decrease in MG5 adsorption and identified the importance of π-π interactions to the adsorption process. The primary interactions in MG5 adsorption were π-π interactions and pore filling, while hydrogen bonding and n-π interactions were minor contributors. The three-stage process can be regarded as the effective preparation method of AC with a high adsorption capacity toward the cationic dye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Nguyen Tran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 320, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 320, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Jie You
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 320, Taiwan.
| | - Huan-Ping Chao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 320, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abid R, Mahmood R, Santosh Kumar HS. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of ethanol extract of Cassia fistula fruit in hyperlipidemic mice. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:2822-2829. [PMID: 27256804 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1185445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The plant Cassia fistula L. (Caesalpiniaceae) fruit was widely used by traditional practitioners to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in India. Hyperlipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder and the major risk factor for the development of CVDs. Although most of the current hypolipidemic drugs are expensive and have potential side effects, the research focusing on natural alternative medicines is relevant. OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of ethanol extract of C. fistula fruit (CFE) in high-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemia in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral administration of CFE at 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight on HFD induced hyperlipidemia mice for 30 days. The standard drug atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) was used to compare the efficacy of CFE. Hypolipidemic effect was evidenced by the measurement of serum lipid profile and further confirmed by Oil Red O staining of adipose tissue. The hepatic and cardiac melondialdehyde (MDA) level and antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were determined. RESULTS Treatment with CFE at different doses has significantly restored the levels of serum lipid, MDA and enzymes activities in the liver and heart of hyperlipidemia mice. Oil Red O staining of visceral adipose tissue has shown marked reduction of lipid accumulation in adipocytes; whereas, administration of CFE at 500 mg/kg showed remarkable (p < 0.001) hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects in HFD fed mice. CONCLUSION C. fistula fruit demonstrated hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties in vivo and the results corroborate the use of this plant in traditional medicine for cardiac ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Abid
- a Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Jnanasahyadri, Kuvempu University , Shivamogga , Karnataka , India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- a Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Jnanasahyadri, Kuvempu University , Shivamogga , Karnataka , India
| | - Hulikal Shivashankara Santosh Kumar
- a Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Jnanasahyadri, Kuvempu University , Shivamogga , Karnataka , India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alayo MA, Femi-Oyewo MN, Bakre LG, Fashina AO. LARVICIDAL POTENTIAL AND MOSQUITO REPELLENT ACTIVITY OF CASSIA MIMOSOIDES EXTRACTS. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2015; 46:596-601. [PMID: 26867378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate larvicidal activities of extracts of Cassia mimosoides leaves and pods as a potential agent in vector control of malaria and to evaluate repellent effect against Anopheles gambiae mosquito of the extract formulated in an aqueous cream base. Petroleum spirit, ethanol, water and dichloromethane extracts were tested against third and fourth instar Anopheles gambiae larvae. The petroleum extract was formulated in an aqueous cream base and repellency determined using N-N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) as control. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, steroids, and flavonoids but absence of cardiac glycosides and alkaloids in powdered C. mimosoides. A dose related response was observed in the mortality rate of the extracts, with 2 mg/ml petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts achieving 100 % mortality. Larvicidal activity of extracts based on LC50 values was petroleum ether > dichloromethane > ethanol > water. The formulated petroleum ether extract cream had a characteristic odor, hard and smooth texture, skin feeling of smoothness, ease of application by rubbing, easy removal using soap and water, non-irritating effect on skin and an acceptable pH value. The cream containing 2%-6% (w/w) extract and control achieved 100% repellency against mosquitoes after an exposure time of 5 minutes. There was a linear relationship between percent concentration of plant extract in the cream samples and repellent activity. These results suggest that crude extracts of C. mimosoides can be developed as eco-friendly larvicide and mosquito repellent and encourage further effort to investigate the bioactive compounds in the extracts.
Collapse
|
36
|
Dangarembizi R, Chivandi E, Dawood S, Erlwanger KH, Gundidza M, Magwa ML, Muredzi P, Samie A. Report-The fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of the underutilised Cassia abbreviata seed oil. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015; 28:1005-1008. [PMID: 26004707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of the underutilised Cassia abbreviata seed oil was determined using gas chromatographic methods. C. abbreviata seeds yielded 9.53% of yellowish-green oil consisting mainly of oleic acid (37.8%), palmitic acid (26.5%), linoleic acid (26.7%), stearic acid (4.1%) and elaidic acid (2.1%). The oil was solid at room temperature, had a saponification value of 376.16 mg KOH/g and an iodine value of 26.48 g I2/100g oil. The fatty acid composition and saponification value of the C. abbreviata seed oil suggest that it may find application in both cosmetic and pharmaceutical natural product formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Dangarembizi
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Eliton Chivandi
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Sumaya Dawood
- School of Therapeutics Sciences, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Kennedy Honey Erlwanger
- School of Therapeutics Sciences, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Mazuru Gundidza
- Harare Institute of Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ganges Road Belvedere, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Michael Libala Magwa
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape
| | - Perkins Muredzi
- School of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Harare Institute of Technology, Ganges Road Belvedere, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Amidou Samie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050 Thohoyandou, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim YS, Jung DH, Sohn E, Lee YM, Kim CS, Kim JS. Extract of Cassiae semen attenuates diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of advanced glycation end products accumulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:734-739. [PMID: 24374123 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which accelerates the development of diabetic complications. Previous studies have shown that extract of Cassiae semen (CS), the seed of Cassia tora, has inhibitory activity on AGEs formation in vitro and reduces transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and extracellular matrix protein expression via inhibition of AGEs-mediated signaling in glomerular mesangial cells. In this study, to examine the preventive effects of CS extract on the development of diabetic nephropathy in vivo, streptozotocin (STZ)-injected diabetic rats were orally administered CS extract (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 12 weeks. Serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol in diabetic rats were significantly higher compared to control rats. CS or aminoguanidine (AG) treatment significantly reduced these factors. Proteinuria and creatinine clearance were also significantly decreased in the CS-treated group compared with the untreated diabetic group. The CS-treated group had significantly inhibited COX-2 mRNA and protein, which mediates the symptoms of inflammation in the renal cortex of diabetic rats. Furthermore, histopathological studies of kidney tissue showed that in diabetic rats, AGEs, the receptor for AGEs, TGF-β1, and collagen IV were suppressed by CS treatment. Our data suggest that oral treatment of CS can inhibit the development of diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of AGEs accumulation in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Sook Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Jung
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Sohn
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Mi Lee
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sumathy V, Zakaria Z, Chen Y, Latha LY, Jothy SL, Vijayarathna S, Sasidharan S. Evaluation of the effect of Cassia surattensis Burm. f., flower methanolic extract on the growth and morphology of Aspergillus niger. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:1648-1654. [PMID: 23832733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cassia (C.) surattensis Burm. f. (Leguminosae), a medicinal herb native to tropical equatorial Asia, was commonly used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of methanolic flower extract of C. surattensis against Aspergillus (A.) niger. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antifungal activity of C. surattensis flower extract was studied by using agar disc diffusion method, broth dilution method, percentage of hyphal growth inhibition and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. RESULTS The extract exhibited good antifungal activity with zone of inhibition 15 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 6.25 mg/ml. The flower extract exhibited considerable antifungal activity against A. niger with a IC50 of 2.49 mg/ml on the hyphal growth. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM) squashed, collapsed, empty and deformation of hyphae were the major changes observed. Shrunken conidiophores were the obvious alteration on the spores. Morphological alterations observed on A. niger caused by the flower extract could be the contribution of chemical compounds present in the Cassia flower. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of carbohydrate, tannins, saponins and phenols in the extract. The amount of tannin, total phenolics and flavonoids were estimated to be 55.14 ± 3.11 mg/g, 349.87 ± 5.41 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 89.64 ± 3.21 mg/g catechin equivalent respectively. CONCLUSIONS C. surattensis flower extract potently inhibited the growth of A. niger and are, therefore, excellent candidates for use as the lead compounds for the development of novel antifungal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Sumathy
- Biological Program, School of Distance Education, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mondal A, Rajalingam D, Kumar Maity T. Anti-inflammatory effect of O-methylated flavonol 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-chromen-4-one obtained from Cassia sophera Linn in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 147:525-529. [PMID: 23454604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cassia sophera Linn (Family Caesalpiniaceae), popularly known as kasundi, is used both in the Indian traditional system and folk medicine to treat several inflammatory pathologies such as asthma, arthritis and pains. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the scientific basis of anti-inflammatory activity of Cassia sophera ethanol extracts and of an isolated constituent of Cassia sophera. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory activity of Cassia sophera was studied using the carrageenan, dextran induced rat paw edema, and cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats. The ethanol extract was administered at the concentrations of 200 and 400mg/kg body weight whereas rhamnetin (RN) was administered at a dose of 10 and 15 mg/kg, b.w. Indomethacin was used as standard drug. RESULTS The HPLC analysis revealed that good amounts of rhamnetin (0.18%) was present in Cassia sophera.The ethanol extracts at 400mg/kg, showed maximum inhibition of inflammation induced by carrageenan (44%), dextran (40%), cotton pellets (37.47%). On the other hand rhamnetin (15 mg/kg) exhibited maximum anti-inflammatory effect, that is 79 and 33% at the end of 3h with carrageenin, and dextran-induced rat paw edema, respectively. In a chronic test rhamnetin (15 mg/kg) showed 43.32% reduction in granuloma weight. CONCLUSION The marked inhibitory effect on paw edema and granuloma showed that Cassia sophera possess remarkable anti-inflammatory activity which may be due to rhamnetin at least in part, supporting the folkloric usage of the plant to treat various inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mondal
- Drug Development Diagnostics & Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700 032, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hussain MM, Mandal J, Bhattacharya K. Airborne load of Cassia pollen in West Bengal, eastern India: its atmospheric variation and health impact. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:2735-2744. [PMID: 22810379 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A Burkard personal volumetric sampler was used at Sriniketan, a town about 150 km northwest of Calcutta, in the state of West Bengal, in eastern India to record the frequency of three common airborne Cassia pollen types, Cassia tora, Cassia occidentalis, and Cassia fistula for two consecutive years (2004-2006). Correlation was made between the meteorological factors and the pollen concentration in the atmosphere. The study reports Cassia pollinosis by in vivo skin prick test in respiratory allergic patients. The highest positive reactions were exhibited by C. tora (34.7 %), C. fistula (33.3 %), and C. occidentalis (28.5 %). The allergic potential of these was investigated by in vitro enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test. Their protein components were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in the range of 15.8-81.5 kDa. In C. occidentalis and C. fistula, 11 bands were found, while it was 10 in C. tora. The results show that the Cassia pollen occur significantly in the atmosphere with the potential to elicit an allergic response in susceptible patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mir Musaraf Hussain
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yerbanga RS, Lucantoni L, Lupidi G, Dori GU, Tepongning NR, Nikiéma JB, Esposito F, Habluetzel A. Antimalarial plant remedies from Burkina Faso: their potential for prophylactic use. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 140:255-260. [PMID: 22301449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saye, a combination remedy prepared from Cochlospermum planchonii Hook.f. (Cochlospermaceae), Cassia alata L. (Fabaceae) and Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. et Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae), N'Dribala, a Cochlospermum planchonii root decoction, and a fruit preparation of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) are plant remedies of the folk medicine in Burkina Faso and are commonly used by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed at validating the antiplasmodial activity of the preparations and at estimating their potential for prophylaxis, using the murine malaria system Plasmodium berghei/Anopheles stephensi. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extracts were orally administered to mice (6 animals per treatment group) at a daily dose of 200mg/kg body weight for nine days, applying protocols that mimic as much as possible traditional recipes and treatment schemes. RESULTS Saye, N'Dribala and Azadirachta indica preparations revealed prophylactic activity, reducing parasitaemia in treated mice, with respect to controls, by 52.0% (CI(95) 46.1-57.9), 45.5% (CI(95) 44.5-46.5) and 45.0% (CI(95) 41.1-48.9), respectively. No evidence of transmission blocking effects was detected with any of the tested remedies. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms, in the murine malaria system, the antiplasmodial properties of the examined remedies on the Plasmodium stages developing in the vertebrate host, thus encouraging studies aiming at identifying the active fractions and compounds responsible for the described activity and to develop standardized prophylactic remedies.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Abstract
The determination of o-methoxycinnamaldehyde is described, based upon an absorption measurement at 1266 cm−1 in the infra-red region of the spectrum together with the normal assay for total aldehydes. Comparison of the absorption at 1266 and 1312 cm−1 may be used qualitatively to distinguish between oils derived from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia Blume and those from the leaves and twigs.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The ethanol leaf extract (ELE) of Cassia fistula Linn. (Caesalpinaceae) was evaluated for antiulcer activity against pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer. Ranitidine (30 mg/kg b.w.) and ELE at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg b.w. were administered orally in different groups of rats (n = 6), 1 h prior to pyloric ligation. Four hours after pyloric ligation, the gastric juice was collected for evaluation of various parameters. The antiulcer activity of ELE was evidenced by the significant attenuation of gastric volume, pH, free acidity, and total acidity in the gastric juice of pyloric-ligated rats in a dose-dependent manner, and this protective effect could be due to strengthening of the mucosal defense mechanism. ELE pre-treatment significantly attenuated the fall in status of sialic acid and fucose accompanied by an increase in hexose, hexosamine, total non-amino polysaccharide, total carbohydrate, and C:P ratio in the gastric juice of pylorus-ligated rats, and this effect could be due to protection of the mucosal barrier system. ELE pre-treatment significantly prevented the increase in LPO and SOD accompanied by a fall in CAT, in the gastric juice of pyloric-ligated rats. This protective ability of ELE against pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer could be attributed to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. Higher doses of ELE (750 mg/kg b.w.) produced maximum antiulcer activity comparable to ranitidine treatment. In essence, the antiulcer activity of ELE could be attributed to (i) a decrease in gastric acid secretion, (ii) protection of the mucosal barrier and restoration of mucosal secretions, (iii) inhibition of free radical generation or prevention of lipid peroxidation, and (iv) free radical scavenging or antioxidant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivanesan Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. A.L.M.P.G. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gupta S, Sharma SB, Bansal SK, Prabhu KM. Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Cassia auriculata L. leaves in experimental diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 123:499-503. [PMID: 19473793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cassia auriculata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is widely used from ancient period to treat diabetes mellitus. The leaves of Cassia auriculata are having potential in the development of drug for diabetes due to its antihyperglycemic and lipid-lowering activity. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was to evaluate antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Cassia auriculata leaves (CLEt) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mild diabetic (MD) and severe diabetic (SD) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Albino rats were rendered diabetic by STZ (45 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). CLEt was orally administered to MD and SD rats at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses for 1 day to determine antihyperglycemic activity. The 400 mg/kg dose was administered daily for 3 weeks to assess glycemic control and hypolipidemic effect. RESULTS CLEt showed dose dependant fall in fasting blood glucose (FBG). After 5h of extract administration at 400mg/kg dose, FBG was reduced by 13.9% and 17.4% in MD and SD rats respectively. After 3 weeks treatment, CLEt produced significant reduction in FBG and glycosylated haemoglobin (GHb) in both MD and SD rats. Serum lipid levels were reversed towards normal in extract fed MD and SD rats. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that CLEt possesses potent antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in both MD and SD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi 110095, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ali NH, Kazmi SU, Faizi S. Modulation of humoral immunity by Cassia fistula and amoxy-cassia. Pak J Pharm Sci 2008; 21:21-23. [PMID: 18166514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Immonomodulatory effect of fruit of C fistula, a traditional medicinal plant and its synergistic antimicrobial combination with amoxicillin named Amoxy-cassia (Patent # 1371240, Government of Pakistant) studied on humoral immune system of BALB/c mice. Animal immunized with sheep RBC and treated with C. fistula fruit, amoxycassia, amoxicillin and saline Number of activated anti-SRBC producing cell in spleen calculated by haemolytic plaque assay. Antibody titer in blood was measured by haemagglutination test. Number of plaques formed by the animal treated with Amoxy-cassia, amoxicillin, C.fistula, and normal saline were 191, 86, 53, 34 per 10(5) spleen cells respectively. Haemagglutinating Antibody (HA) titer was evaluated on post-immunized day 4, 6, 8, 10. Rising antibody titer was observed in all animals but Amoxy-cassia treated mice serum had the highest HA titer through out the experiment suggesting its therapeutic usefulness. But further detailed studies of mechanisms of immunomodulation and its probable use in immuno compromised individual are still to be investigated and their possible use as an adjuvant during vaccination programs in order to reduce number of non-responder to vaccines need to be studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Hassan Ali
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ali NH, Kazmi SU, Faizi S. Activity of synergistic combination Amoxy- cassia against Salmonella. Pak J Pharm Sci 2007; 20:140-5. [PMID: 17416570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The object of this study was to formulate new, cost effective anti-microbial combination for Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica Serover Typhi (SEST) based on the synergistic activity of amoxicillin with the aqueous fruit solution of Cassia fistula (CFF), a medicinal plant found in Pakistan which when tested alone have weak antimicrobial activity against blood isolates of MDR SEST. MIC of MDR SEST for amoxicillin and CFF alone was 750 microg/ml and 3750 microg/ml. The MIC of amoxicillin in combination with CFF was 23.4-187.5 microg/ml and 0.37-1.56 microg/ml for MDR and MDS SEST respectively. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) using chequer-board titration suggested synergism for 80% MDR and MDS SEST tested, no antagonism observed. Time kill kinetics showed difference > log2 in CFU of CFF having sub-lethal amoxicillin concentrations. This novel combination is named as Amoxy-cassia. In vivo it is found to be non toxic at 1 gm/body weight of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Hassan Ali
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sartorelli P, Andrade SP, Melhem MSC, Prado FO, Tempone AG. Isolation of antileishmanial sterol from the fruits of Cassia fistula using bioguided fractionation. Phytother Res 2007; 21:644-7. [PMID: 17397117 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Natural products represent a rich source of new chemical entities for the development of drugs for neglected diseases. Leishmaniasis still afflicts the poorest populations in the world, with 12 million cases worldwide. This work analysed crude extracts and fractions from the fruits of Cassia fistula against the most dramatic and fatal disease form of leishmaniasis, the visceral form (VL). Hexane extract from the fruits showed significant antileishmanial activity against the promastigote form of Leishmania L. chagasi. The bioguided fractionation resulted in the isolation of a sterol, clerosterol, which was further analysed in different models. Promastigotes presented an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of 10.03 microg/mL and intracellular amastigotes demonstrated high susceptibility, with an IC50 of 18.10 microg/mL. Mammalian cytotoxicity was evaluated and it was demonstrated that clerosterol was 3.6-fold less toxic than the standard drug pentamidine. No antifungal activity of the isolated clerosterol was found. Future studies of the extracted compounds of Cassia fistula could be a useful tool for the development of new therapeutic agents for VL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Sartorelli
- Centro de Estudos Químicos, UNIFIEO, Centro Universitário FIEO, Av. Franz Voegeli, 300 Bloco Branco, 4 andar. CEP, Osasco, SP, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The ethanol and methanol extracts of Cassia auriculata flowers were screened for antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity was determined by an improved assay based on the decolorization of the radical monocation of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The ethanol and methanol extracts of C. auriculata flowers showed antioxidant activity in both assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kumaran
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai 600 059, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Cassia tora fiber supplement consisting of 2 g of soluble fiber extracted from Cassia semen (C. tora L.), 200 mg of alpha-tocopherol, 500 mg of ascorbic acid, and 300 mg of maltodextrin was formulated in a pack, and given to 15 type II diabetic subjects (seven men and eight women 57.1 +/- 2.9 years old) with instructions to take two packs per day for 2 months. Placebo contained maltodextrin only with a little brown caramel color. Lifestyle factors and dietary intakes of the subjects were not altered during the 2-month period. Serum total cholesterol was moderately (P < .1) decreased in the C. tora group compared with the age- and gender-matched placebo group, as was the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 (P < .1). Levels of serum triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol tended to decrease more in the C. tora-supplemented group than in the placebo group. Serum alpha-tocopherol was increased (P < .01) but lipid peroxides were not significantly lower in the C. tora group. Fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were not changed by the fiber supplement. We concluded that C. tora supplements can help improve serum lipid status in type II diabetic subjects without serious adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The ethanol extract of the roots of Cassia auriculata was studied for its nephroprotective activity in cisplatin- and gentamicin-induced renal injury in male albino rats. In the cisplatin model, the extract at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg body wt. reduced elevated blood urea and serum creatinine and normalized the histopathological changes in the curative regimen. In the gentamicin model, the ethanol extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg body wt. reduced blood urea and serum creatinine effectively in both the curative and the preventive regimen. The extract had a marked nitric oxide free-radical-scavenging effect. The findings suggest that the probable mechanism of nephroprotection by C. auriculata against cisplatin- and gentamicin-induced renal injury could be due to its antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Annie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|