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Machado FR, Bortolotto VC, Araujo SM, Dahleh MMM, Fernandes EJ, Musachio EAS, Funguetto-Ribeiro AC, Haas SE, Guerra GP, Prigol M, Boeira SP. Toxicological analysis of chronic exposure to polymeric nanocapsules with different coatings in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109939. [PMID: 38723702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology involves the utilization of nanomaterials, including polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) that are drug carriers. For modify drug release and stability, nanoformulations can feature different types of polymers as surface coatings: Polysorbate 80 (P80), Polyethylene glycol (PEG), Chitosan (CS) and Eudragit (EUD). Although nanoencapsulation aims to reduce side effects, these polymers can interact with living organisms, inducing events in the antioxidant system. Thus far, little has been described about the impacts of chronic exposure, with Drosophila melanogaster being an in vivo model for characterizing the toxicology of these polymers. This study analyzes the effects of chronic exposure to polymeric NCs with different coatings. Flies were exposed to 10, 50, 100, and 500 μL of NCP80, NCPEG, NCCS, or EUD. The survival rate, locomotor changes, oxidative stress markers, cell viability, and Nrf2 expression were evaluated. Between the coatings, NCPEG had minimal effects, as only 500 μL affected the levels of reactive species (RS) and the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) without reducing Nrf2 expression. However, NCEUD significantly impacted the total flies killed, RS, CAT, and Superoxide dismutase from 100 μL. In part, the toxicity mechanisms of these coatings can be explained by the imbalance of the antioxidant system. This research provided initial evidence on the chronic toxicology of these nanomaterials in D. melanogaster to clarify the nanosafety profile of these polymers in future nanoformulations. Further investigations are essential to characterize possible biochemical pathways involved in the toxicity of these polymeric coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciéle Romero Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Stífani Machado Araujo
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Eliana Jardim Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Elisa Haas
- Pharmacology Laboratory - LABFAR, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS 22 97650-970, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Silvana Peterini Boeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil.
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Fu W, Xiao Z, Chen Y, Pei J, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wu H, Pei Y, Wei S, Wang Y, Wang D. Molecular integrative study on interaction domains of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 with sirtuin 6. Biochimie 2023; 211:68-77. [PMID: 36924820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the elements causing aging and related diseases. Inhibiting Nrf2 activity or increasing oxidative pressure can replicate the deficits of premature aging. SIRT6 is one of the few proteins that can regulate both life span and aging. Deletion of SIRT6 in human cells impairs the antioxidant capacity of cells, which results in the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and DNA oxidation products. Characterization of the binding of Nrf2 with SIRT6 is critical for understanding the modulation of Nrf2-correlated cell activities by SIRT6. The yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that the binding of Nrf2 with SIRT6 is mediated by Neh1 and Neh3 domains. The elimination of the Neh1 and Neh3 domains decreased the binding stability and free energy, according to the molecular dynamic analysis. The roles of theses domains in mediating the binding were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. In cells transfected with the small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the Nrf2 Neh1 domain and plasmids overexpressing domain-mutant Nrf2, it was discovered that Nrf2 lost its activity to stimulate the transcription of antioxidant genes in the absence of Neh1 and Neh3 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanmeng Fu
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Zhengpan Xiao
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jinli Pei
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Zhuandan Zhang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Central Laboratory, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315046, China
| | - Yechun Pei
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wei
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yuerong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; One Health Collaborative Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
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Rockwell CE, Jin Y, Boss AP, Kaiser LM, Awali S. The Complicated Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2 in Allergy and Asthma. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:500-507. [PMID: 34930784 PMCID: PMC11022934 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-activated transcription factor that is highly responsive to oxidative stress and electrophilic stimuli. Upon activation, Nrf2 upregulates a battery of cytoprotective genes meant to prevent cell death or damage. In many models of inflammation, Nrf2 protects against the immune response and decreases injury, including in the context of asthma and allergy. However, in some models of asthma and allergy, Nrf2 either does not play a role or can even exacerbate inflammation. In general, the reasons behind these discrepancies are not clear and the mechanisms by which Nrf2 modulates immune response are largely uncharacterized. The aim of this review is to highlight current literature assessing the role of Nrf2 in allergy and asthma to understand Nrf2 as a potential therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is an important immune mediator that modulates numerous immune cell types in various inflammatory diseases, including allergy and asthma. There is considerable interest in Nrf2 as a drug target in inflammation, which is complicated by the complex nature of Nrf2 in the immune system. This review focuses on the role of Nrf2 in asthma and allergy, including in regulating immune cell function and in detoxifying xenobiotics that exacerbate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yining Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Allison P Boss
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Luca M Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Saamera Awali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Li YJ, Takeda K, Yamamoto M, Kawada T. Potential of NRF2 Pathway in Preventing Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Fine Particles. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:710225. [PMID: 35295150 PMCID: PMC8915851 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.710225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with significant adverse health effects. Recent studies support the idea that inhalation of fine particles can instigate extrapulmonary effects on the cardiovascular system through several pathways. The systemic transfer of ultrafine particles (UFPs) or soluble particle components (organic compounds and metals) is of particular concern. An integral role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent pathways has been suggested in systemic inflammatory responses and vascular dysfunction at the molecular level. Accumulating lines of evidence suggest that fine particles affect fetal development, giving rise to low birth weight and a reduction in fetal growth, and also affect the immune, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Oxidative stress plays an important role in fine particles toxicity; pre-treatment with antioxidants partially suppresses the developmental toxicity of fine particles. On the other hand, Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nfe2l2), also known as NRF2, is a transcription factor essential for inducible and/or constitutive expression of phase II and antioxidant enzymes. Studies using Nrf2-knockout mice revealed that NRF2 dysfunction is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been detected in human NRF2 locus. An NRF2 gene SNP (−617C > A; rs6721961), located in the upstream promoter region, affects the transcriptional level of NRF2 and thereby the protein level and downstream gene expression. It has been reported that the SNP-617 is associated with various diseases. The onset and exacerbation of the diseases are regulated by genetic predisposition and environmental factors; some people live in the air-polluted environment but are not affected and remain healthy, suggesting the presence of individual differences in the susceptibility to air pollutants. NRF2 polymorphisms may also be associated with the fetal effects of fine particles exposure. Screening high-risk pregnant women genetically susceptible to oxidative stress and prevention by antioxidant interventions to protect fetal development in air-polluted areas should be considered. This article reviews the recent advances in our understanding of the fetal health effects of fine particles and describes potential chemoprevention via the NRF2 pathway to prevent the developmental and reproductive toxicity of fine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ji Li
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Johansson E, Martin LJ, He H, Chen X, Weirauch MT, Kroner JW, Khurana Hershey GK, Biagini JM. Second-hand smoke and NFE2L2 genotype interaction increases paediatric asthma risk and severity. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:801-810. [PMID: 33382170 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with paediatric asthma, and oxidative stress is believed to play a role in mediating this association. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) is important for the defence against oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To explore interactions between NFE2L2 genotype and SHS exposure in paediatric asthma risk. METHODS We used a genotyped subset of patients of European ancestry (N = 669, median age at enrolment = 6.8 years) enrolled in the clinical cohort Greater Cincinnati Pediatric Clinic Repository as the study population, and a population-based paediatric cohort (N = 791) to replicate our findings. History of asthma diagnosis was obtained from medical records, and SHS exposure was obtained from questionnaires. Four NFE2L2 tagging SNPs were included in the analysis, and interactions between SHS and NFE2L2 genotype were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS Three of the analysed SNPs, rs10183914, rs1806649 and rs2886161, interacted significantly with SHS exposure to increase asthma risk (p ≤ .02). The interaction was replicated in an independent cohort for rs10183914 (p = .04). Interactions between SHS exposure and NFE2L2 genotype were also associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (p = .016). In stratified analyses, NFE2L2 genotype was associated with daily asthma symptoms in children with SHS exposure (OR = 3.1; p = .048). No association was found in children without SHS exposure. Examination of publicly available chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) data sets confirmed the presence of active histone marks and binding sites for particular transcription factors overlapping the coordinates for the significantly associated SNPs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study provides evidence that NFE2L2 genotype interacts with SHS exposure to affect both asthma risk and severity in children and identifies a population of children at increased risk of asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Johansson
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hua He
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John W Kroner
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Nrf2 Lowers the Risk of Lung Injury via Modulating the Airway Innate Immune Response Induced by Diesel Exhaust in Mice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100443. [PMID: 33096811 PMCID: PMC7589508 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of Nrf2 in airway immune responses induced by diesel exhaust (DE) inhalation in mice. C57BL/6J Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2−/− mice were exposed to DE or clean air for 8 h/day and 6 days/week for 4 weeks. After DE exposure, the number of neutrophils and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and interleukin (IL)-17 level in the lung tissue increased in Nrf2−/− mice compared with Nrf2+/+ mice; however, the lack of an increase in the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the lung tissue in Nrf2+/+ mice and mild suppression of the level of TNF-α in Nrf2−/− mice were observed; the level of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the lung tissue decreased in Nrf2−/− mice than in Nrf2+/+ mice; the number of DE particle-laden alveolar macrophages in BALF were larger in Nrf2−/− mice than in Nrf2+/+ mice. The results of electron microscope observations showed alveolar type II cell injury and degeneration of the lamellar body after DE exposure in Nrf2−/− mice. Antioxidant enzyme NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase (NQO)1 mRNA expression level was higher in Nrf2+/+ mice than in Nrf2−/− mice after DE exposure. Our results suggested that Nrf2 reduces the risk of pulmonary disease via modulating the airway innate immune response caused by DE in mice.
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Al-Harbi NO, Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, AlThagfan SS, Alqinyah M, Alqahtani F, Ibrahim KE, Al-Harbi MM. Sulforaphane treatment reverses corticosteroid resistance in a mixed granulocytic mouse model of asthma by upregulation of antioxidants and attenuation of Th17 immune responses in the airways. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:276-284. [PMID: 31100413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane has received considerable attention in recent years due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its preventive effect in the inhibition of airway inflammation is known; however, whether it affects mixed granulocyte asthma (corticosteroid resistance phenotype) is largely undiscovered. Therefore, we assessed the effect of pharmacological activation of Nrf2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor, using sulforaphane in a mouse model of mixed granulocyte airway inflammation. Mice were sensitized and challenged with cockroach allergen extract (CE), and airway inflammatory parameters and markers of steroid resistance [Nrf2 activity, oxidant-antioxidant balance in airway epithelial cells (AECs)/lung, and IL-17A-related pathway in Th17 cells and dendritic cells (DCs)] were investigated. Our results show that sulforaphane administration reduced neutrophilic airway inflammation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and Th17 immune responses in a mixed granulocyte mouse model of asthma through Nrf2 activation. On the other hand, corticosteroid treatment decreased Th2/eosinophilic immune responses but had little on Th17/neutrophilic immune responses. However, combined treatment with both almost completely blocked both neutrophilic/eosinophilic and Th17/Th2 immune responses in the lung. Sulforaphane treatment led to induction of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx) in AECs and pulmonary non-enzymatic antioxidants. Further, it led to reduction in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6/IL-23/IL-17A) in Th17 cells/CD11c + DCs during mixed granulocytic inflammation. Collectively, our study presents the evidence that activation of Nrf2 by sulforaphane reduces neutrophilic airway inflammation by upregulation of antioxidants and downregulation of inflammatory cytokines in airways. This is possibly the basis for reversal of corticosteroid resistance in this model. This shows the therapeutic potential of sulforaphane in mixed granulocyte asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan S AlThagfan
- Clinical and Hospital Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqinyah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vogel CFA, Kado SY, Kobayashi R, Liu X, Wong P, Na K, Durbin T, Okamoto RA, Kado NY. Inflammatory marker and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent responses in human macrophages exposed to emissions from biodiesel fuels. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:993-1002. [PMID: 31543100 PMCID: PMC6858841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel or renewable diesel fuels are alternative fuels produced from vegetable oil and animal tallow that are being considered to help reduce the use of petroleum-based fuels and emissions of air pollutants including greenhouse gases. Here, we analyzed the gene expression of inflammatory marker responses and the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme after exposure to diesel and biodiesel emission samples generated from an in-use heavy-duty diesel vehicle. Particulate emission samples from petroleum-based California Air Resource Board (CARB)-certified ultralow sulfur diesel (CARB ULSD), biodiesel, and renewable hydro-treated diesel all induced inflammatory markers such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX)-2 and interleukin (IL)-8 in human U937-derived macrophages and the expression of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme CYP1A1. Furthermore, the results indicate that the particle emissions from CARB ULSD and the alternative diesel fuel blends activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and induce CYP1A1 in a dose- and AhR-dependent manner which was supported by the AhR luciferase reporter assay and gel shift analysis. Based on a per mile emissions with the model year 2000 heavy duty vehicle tested, the effects of the alternative diesel fuel blends emissions on the expression on inflammatory markers like IL-8 and COX-2 tend to be lower than emission samples derived from CARB ULSD fuel. The results will help to assess the potential benefits and toxicity from biofuel use as alternative fuels in modern technology diesel engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Franz Adam Vogel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, USA; Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Sarah Y Kado
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick Wong
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, USA; Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kwangsam Na
- Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert A Okamoto
- Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Norman Y Kado
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, USA; Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, USA; Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Marrot L. Pollution and Sun Exposure: A Deleterious Synergy. Mechanisms and Opportunities for Skin Protection. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5469-5486. [PMID: 28925870 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170918123907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollutants are diverse chemical entities, including gases such as ozone and particulate matter PM. PM contains toxic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Some PAHs can induce strong oxidative stress under UVA exposure. Pollution aggravates some skin diseases such as atopy or eczema, but epidemiological data also pointed to a correlation with early occurrence of (photo)-aging markers. OBJECTIVE This paper aims at reviewing current literature dealing with dermatological effects of pollution, either on in vitro models or using in vivo approaches (including humans). It particularly focuses on the probable deleterious synergy between pollutants and sunlight. RESULTS An exhaustive analysis of literature suggests that skin may be impacted by external stress through oxidation of some of its surface components. However, pollutants detected in plasma may also be provided to deep skin by the circulation of the blood. Oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic impairments are among the most probable mechanisms of pollution- derived dermatological hazards. Moreover these stresses should be amplified by the deleterious synergy between pollution and sunlight. Some experiments from our lab identified few PAHs inducing a huge toxic stress, at nanomolar concentrations, when exposed to long UVA wavelengths. Prevention strategies should thus combine surface protection (long UVA sunscreens, antioxidants) and enhanced skin tissue resistance through stimulation of the natural antioxidation/detoxification pathway Nrf2. CONCLUSION In people exposed to highly polluted environments, pollutants and sunlight may synergistically damage skin, requiring a specific protection.
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Fetoni AR, Zorzi V, Paciello F, Ziraldo G, Peres C, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Salvatore AM, Crispino G, Tognola G, Gentile G, Spampinato AG, Cuccaro D, Guarnaccia M, Morello G, Van Camp G, Fransen E, Brumat M, Girotto G, Paludetti G, Gasparini P, Cavallaro S, Mammano F. Cx26 partial loss causes accelerated presbycusis by redox imbalance and dysregulation of Nfr2 pathway. Redox Biol 2018; 19:301-317. [PMID: 30199819 PMCID: PMC6129666 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GJB2, the gene that encodes connexin 26 (Cx26), are the most common cause of sensorineural hearing impairment. The truncating variant 35delG, which determines a complete loss of Cx26 protein function, is the prevalent GJB2 mutation in several populations. Here, we generated and analyzed Gjb2+/- mice as a model of heterozygous human carriers of 35delG. Compared to control mice, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) worsened over time more rapidly in Gjb2+/- mice, indicating they were affected by accelerated age-related hearing loss (ARHL), or presbycusis. We linked causally the auditory phenotype of Gjb2+/- mice to apoptosis and oxidative damage in the cochlear duct, reduced release of glutathione from connexin hemichannels, decreased nutrient delivery to the sensory epithelium via cochlear gap junctions and deregulated expression of genes that are under transcriptional control of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a pivotal regulator of tolerance to redox stress. Moreover, a statistically significant genome-wide association with two genes (PRKCE and TGFB1) related to the Nrf2 pathway (p-value < 4 × 10-2) was detected in a very large cohort of 4091 individuals, originating from Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia, with hearing phenotype (including 1076 presbycusis patients and 1290 healthy matched controls). We conclude that (i) elements of the Nrf2 pathway are essential for hearing maintenance and (ii) their dysfunction may play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of human presbycusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Fetoni
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Institute of Otolaryngology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Zorzi
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Ziraldo
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Peres
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Crispino
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tognola
- CNR Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Gentile
- CNR Institute of Neurological Sciences, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Denis Cuccaro
- CNR Institute of Neurological Sciences, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marco Brumat
- Dept Med Surg & Hlth Sci, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Dept Med Surg & Hlth Sci, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gaetano Paludetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Institute of Otolaryngology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Dept Med Surg & Hlth Sci, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Fabio Mammano
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy; University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", Padova, Italy.
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11
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Khurana N, Sikka SC. Targeting Crosstalk between Nrf-2, NF-κB and Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100352. [PMID: 30257470 PMCID: PMC6210752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and androgen receptor (AR) signaling play a pivotal role in the initiation, development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Numerous papers in the literature have documented the interconnection between oxidative stress and inflammation; and how antioxidants can combat the inflammation. It has been shown in the literature that both oxidative stress and inflammation regulate AR, the key receptor involved in the transition of PCa to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this review, we discuss about the importance of targeting Nrf-2-antioxidant signaling, NF-κB inflammatory response and AR signaling in PCa. Finally, we discuss about the crosstalk between these three critical pathways as well as how the anti-inflammatory antioxidant phytochemicals like sulforaphane (SFN) and curcumin (CUR), which can also target AR, can be ideal candidates in the chemoprevention of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Khurana
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis Medical Campus, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA.
| | - Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine,1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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12
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Zagorski JW, Turley AE, Freeborn RA, VanDenBerg KR, Dover HE, Kardell BR, Liby KT, Rockwell CE. Differential effects of the Nrf2 activators tBHQ and CDDO-Im on the early events of T cell activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 147:67-76. [PMID: 29155145 PMCID: PMC5905342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) promotes CD4+ Th2 differentiation. In the current study, we assessed the role of Nrf2 in early events following T cell activation. The Nrf2 activators, tBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone) and CDDO-Im (the imidazolide derivative of the triterpenoid CDDO), were used in conjunction with splenocytes derived from wild-type and Nrf2-null mice to distinguish between Nrf2-specific and off-target effects. CDDO-Im inhibited early IFNγ production in a largely Nrf2-dependent manner. In contrast, tBHQ and CDDO-Im had little effect on expression of CD25 or CD69. Furthermore, tBHQ inhibited GM-CSF and IL-2 production in both wild-type and Nrf2-null T cells, suggesting this effect is Nrf2-independent. Conversely, CDDO-Im caused a concentration-dependent increase in IL-2 secretion in wild-type, but not Nrf2-null, splenocytes, suggesting that Nrf2 promotes IL-2 production. Interestingly, both compounds inhibit NFκB DNA binding, where the suppression by tBHQ is Nrf2-independent and CDDO-Im is Nrf2-dependent. Surprisingly, as compared to wild-type splenocytes, Nrf2-null splenocytes showed lower nuclear accumulation of c-Jun, a member of the AP-1 family of transcription factors, which have been shown to drive multiple immune genes, including IL-2. Both Nrf2 activators caused a Nrf2-dependent trend toward increased nuclear accumulation of c-Jun. These data suggest that modulation of cytokine secretion by tBHQ likely involves multiple pathways, including AP-1, NFκB, and Nrf2. Overall, the data suggest that Nrf2 activation inhibits secretion of the Th1 cytokine IFNγ, and increases early production of IL-2, which has been shown to promote Th2 differentiation, and may support the later occurrence of Th2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Zagorski
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Alexandra E Turley
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Robert A Freeborn
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Kelly R VanDenBerg
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Heather E Dover
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Brian R Kardell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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13
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Liu W, Hu T, Zhou L, Wu D, Huang X, Ren X, Lv Y, Hong W, Huang G, Lin Z, Liu J. Nrf2 protects against oxidative stress induced by SiO2 nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2303-2318. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of our study was to explore the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) on the exposure of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and its influence. Materials & methods: To understand the mechanism of NP-induced oxidative stress, the involvement of oxidative-stress-responding transcription factors and the Nrf2/antioxidant reactive element (ARE) signaling pathway in the toxicity of SiO2 NPs’ exposure was investigated via in vivo and in vitro models. Results: A549 cells showed a significant cytotoxic effect while A549-shNrf2 cells showed decreased cell viability after nm-SiO2 exposure. SiO2 NPs’ exposure activated the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Nrf2−/− exposed mice showed increased reactive oxygen species, 8-hydroxyl deoxyguanosine level and decreased total antioxidant capacity. Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway activation disrupted, leading inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 and upregulation of PKR-like endoplasmic-reticulum-regulated kinase. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that Nrf2 could protect against oxidative stress induced by SiO2 NPs, and the Nrf2/ARE pathway might be involved in mild-to-moderate SiO2 NP-induced oxidative stress that was evident from dampened activity of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaohu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wenxu Hong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guanqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zequn Lin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
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14
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Nrf2 Regulates the Risk of a Diesel Exhaust Inhalation-Induced Immune Response during Bleomycin Lung Injury and Fibrosis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030649. [PMID: 28304344 PMCID: PMC5372661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of diesel exhaust (DE) on an experimental model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice. BLM was intravenously administered to both Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2−/− C57BL/6J mice on day 0. The mice were exposed to DE for 56 days from 28 days before the BLM injection to 28 days after the BLM injection. Inhalation of DE induced significant inhibition of airway clearance function and the proinflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages, an increase in neutrophils, and severe lung inflammatory injury, which were greater in Nrf2−/− mice than in Nrf2+/+ mice. In contrast, inhalation of DE was observed to induce a greater increase of hydroxyproline content in the lung tissues and significantly higher pulmonary antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in the Nrf2+/+ mice than in Nrf2−/− mice. DE is an important risk factor, and Nrf2 regulates the risk of a DE inhalation induced immune response during BLM lung injury and fibrosis in mice.
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15
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Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:314-336. [PMID: 26066302 PMCID: PMC4628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes, the primary lines of defense, are decreased. Repair systems, including the proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins, also decline. Importantly, the adaptive response to oxidative stress declines with aging. Nrf2/EpRE signaling regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant enzymes and the proteasome. Nrf2/EpRE activity is regulated at several levels, including transcription, posttranslation, and interactions with other proteins. This review summarizes current studies on age-related impairment of Nrf2/EpRE function and discusses the changes in Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
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16
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Association of Nrf2 with airway pathogenesis: lessons learned from genetic mouse models. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1931-57. [PMID: 26194645 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a key transcription factor for antioxidant response element (ARE)-bearing genes involved in diverse host defense functions including redox balance, cell cycle, immunity, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, and carcinogenesis. Nrf2 in the airways is particularly essential as the respiratory system continuously interfaces with environmental stress. Since Nrf2 was determined to be a susceptibility gene for a model of acute lung injury, its protective capacity in the airways has been demonstrated in experimental models of human disorders using Nrf2 mutant mice which were susceptible to supplemental respiratory therapy (e.g., hyperoxia, mechanical ventilation), cigarette smoke, allergens, virus, environmental pollutants, and fibrotic agents compared to wild-type littermates. Recent studies also determined that Nrf2 is indispensable in developmental lung injury. While association studies with genetic NRF2 polymorphisms supported a protective role for murine Nrf2 in oxidative airway diseases, somatic NRF2 mutations enhanced NRF2-ARE responses, and were favorable for lung carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Bioinformatic tools have elucidated direct Nrf2 targets as well as Nrf2-interacting networks. Moreover, potent Nrf2-ARE agonists protected oxidant-induced lung phenotypes in model systems, suggesting a therapeutic or preventive intervention. Further investigations on Nrf2 should yield greater understanding of its contribution to normal and pathophysiological function in the airways.
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17
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Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Medina-Reyes EI, Lastres-Becker I, Freyre-Fonseca V, Ji Z, Hernández-Pando R, Marquina B, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Espada S, Cuadrado A, Chirino YI. Nrf2 protects the lung against inflammation induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A positive regulator role of Nrf2 on cytokine release. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:782-792. [PMID: 24615891 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans and they are an important nanomaterial widely used in pharmaceutical and paint industries. Inhalation is one of the most important routes of exposure in occupational settings. Several experimental models have shown that oxidative stress and inflammation are key mediators of cell damage. In this regard, Nrf2 modulates cytoprotection against oxidative stress and inflammation, however, its role in inflammation induced by TiO2 NPs exposure has been less investigated. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of Nrf2 in the cytokines produced after 4 weeks of TiO2 NPs exposure (5 mg/kg/2 days/week) using wild-type and Nrf2 knockout C57bl6 mice. Results showed that Nrf2 protects against inflammation and oxidative damage induced by TiO2 NPs exposure, however, Nrf2 is a positive mediator in the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TGF-β in bronchial epithelium and alveolar space after 4 weeks of exposure. These results suggest that Nrf2 has a central role in up-regulation of cytokines released during inflammation induced by TiO2 NPs and those cytokines are needed to cope with histological alterations in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Estado de México, 54059, México
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, España
| | - Verónica Freyre-Fonseca
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Estado de México, 54059, México
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito Federal, CP, 11340, México
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Laboratorio 209, Edificio F, UNAM, Distrito Federal, 04510, México
| | - Sandra Espada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, España
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, España
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Estado de México, 54059, México
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Gambhir L, Checker R, Thoh M, Patwardhan R, Sharma D, Kumar M, Sandur SK. 1,4-Naphthoquinone, a pro-oxidant, suppresses immune responses via KEAP-1 glutathionylation. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:95-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Wada H, Hagiwara SI, Yamamoto Y, Takizawa H. Links between lung dysfunction and glucose metabolism dysregulation: does lung dysfunction represent a systemic disorder? Intern Med 2014; 53:2413-4. [PMID: 25365997 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Wada
- Kyorin University School of Medicine, Japan
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20
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Mehla K, Balwani S, Agrawal A, Ghosh B. Ethyl gallate attenuates acute lung injury through Nrf2 signaling. Biochimie 2013; 95:2404-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Li YJ, Shimizu T, Hirata Y, Inagaki H, Takizawa H, Azuma A, Kawada T, Sugawara I, Kudoh S, Sunazuka T, Omura S. EM, EM703 inhibit NF-kB activation induced by oxidative stress from diesel exhaust particle in human bronchial epithelial cells: Importance in IL-8 transcription. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:318-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nrf2 is a protective factor against oxidative stresses induced by diesel exhaust particle in allergic asthma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:323607. [PMID: 23738037 PMCID: PMC3655666 DOI: 10.1155/2013/323607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that air pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particle (DEP), are implicated in the increased incidence of allergic airway disorders. In vitro studies of molecular mechanisms have focused on the role of reactive oxygen species generated directly and indirectly by the exposure to DEP. Antioxidants effectively reduce the allergic inflammatory effects induced by DEP both in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, Nrf2 is a transcription factor essential for the inducible and/or constitutive expression of phase II and antioxidant enzymes. Disruption of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to airway inflammatory responses and exacerbation of allergic inflammation induced by DEP in mice. Host responses to DEP are regulated by a balance between antioxidants and proinflammatory responses. Nrf2 may be an important protective factor against oxidative stresses induced by DEP in airway inflammation and allergic asthma and is expected to contribute to chemoprevention against DEP health effects in susceptible individuals.
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Li N, Wang M, Barajas B, Sioutas C, Williams MA, Nel AE. Nrf2 deficiency in dendritic cells enhances the adjuvant effect of ambient ultrafine particles on allergic sensitization. J Innate Immun 2013; 5:543-54. [PMID: 23595026 DOI: 10.1159/000347060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is an important risk factor for asthma. Generation of oxidative stress by PM is a major mechanism of its health effects. Transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) mediates antioxidant and phase II enzymes and is essential in protecting against oxidative stress and lung inflammation. We have previously shown that ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) could exert a potent adjuvant effect on allergic sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. We hypothesized that Nrf2 deficiency in dendritic cells (DC) could enhance the adjuvant potential of UFP on allergic sensitization. We show that the adjuvant effect of intranasally instilled UFP is significantly enhanced in Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) mice compared with their wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) counterparts. Under resting conditions, Nrf2(-/-) DC displayed an intrinsic predilection to a T helper 2-favoring cytokine profile characterized by a low level of IL-12p70 and a high level of IL-6 as compared to Nrf2(+/+) DC. Adoptive transfer of OVA/UFP-treated Nrf2(-/-) DC provoked a more severe allergic inflammation in the lung than Nrf2(+/+) DC in the same treatment group. We conclude that Nrf2 deficiency in DC may promote a constitutive immune-polarizing cytokine milieu, which we propose may have contributed to the augmented adjuvant effect of UFP on allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich., USA
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Cho HY, van Houten B, Wang X, Miller-DeGraff L, Fostel J, Gladwell W, Perrow L, Panduri V, Kobzik L, Yamamoto M, Bell DA, Kleeberger SR. Targeted deletion of nrf2 impairs lung development and oxidant injury in neonatal mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1066-82. [PMID: 22400915 PMCID: PMC3423869 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nrf2 is an essential transcription factor for protection against oxidant disorders. However, its role in organ development and neonatal disease has received little attention. Therapeutically administered oxygen has been considered to contribute to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in prematurity. The current study was performed to determine Nrf2-mediated molecular events during saccular-to-alveolar lung maturation, and the role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of hyperoxic lung injury using newborn Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2(-/-)) and wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) mice. RESULTS Pulmonary basal expression of cell cycle, redox balance, and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism genes was lower while lymphocyte immunity genes were more highly expressed in Nrf2(-/-) neonates than in Nrf2(+/+) neonates. Hyperoxia-induced phenotypes, including mortality, arrest of saccular-to-alveolar transition, and lung edema, and inflammation accompanying DNA damage and tissue oxidation were significantly more severe in Nrf2(-/-) neonates than in Nrf2(+/+) neonates. During lung injury pathogenesis, Nrf2 orchestrated expression of lung genes involved in organ injury and morphology, cellular growth/proliferation, vasculature development, immune response, and cell-cell interaction. Bioinformatic identification of Nrf2 binding motifs and augmented hyperoxia-induced inflammation in genetically deficient neonates supported Gpx2 and Marco as Nrf2 effectors. INNOVATION This investigation used lung transcriptomics and gene targeted mice to identify novel molecular events during saccular-to-alveolar stage transition and to elucidate Nrf2 downstream mechanisms in protection from hyperoxia-induced injury in neonate mouse lungs. CONCLUSION Nrf2 deficiency augmented lung injury and arrest of alveolarization caused by hyperoxia during the newborn period. Results suggest a therapeutic potential of specific Nrf2 activators for oxidative stress-associated neonatal disorders including BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Youn Cho
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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Noah TL, Zhou H, Zhang H, Horvath K, Robinette C, Kesic M, Meyer M, Diaz-Sanchez D, Jaspers I. Diesel exhaust exposure and nasal response to attenuated influenza in normal and allergic volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 185:179-85. [PMID: 22071326 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201103-0465oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Diesel exhaust enhances allergic inflammation, and pollutants are associated with heightened susceptibility to viral respiratory infections. The effects of combined diesel and virus exposure in humans are unknown. OBJECTIVES Test whether acute exposure to diesel modifies inflammatory responses to influenza virus in normal humans and those with allergies. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of nasal responses to live attenuated influenza virus in normal volunteers and those with allergic rhinitis exposed to diesel (100 μg/m(3)) or clean air for 2 hours, followed by standard dose of virus and serial nasal lavages. Endpoints were inflammatory mediators (ELISA) and virus quantity (quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). To test for exposure effect, we used multiple regression with exposure group (diesel vs. air) as the main explanatory variable and allergic status as an additional factor. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Baseline levels of mediators did not differ among groups. For most postvirus nasal cytokine responses, there was no significant diesel effect, and no significant interaction with allergy. However, diesel was associated with significantly increased IFN-γ responses (P = 0.02), with no interaction with allergy in the regression model. Eotaxin-1 (P = 0.01), eosinophil cationic protein (P < 0.01), and influenza RNA sequences in nasal cells (P = 0.03) were significantly increased with diesel exposure, linked to allergy. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to diesel exhaust leads to increased eosinophil activation and increased virus quantity after virus inoculation in those with allergic rhinitis. This is consistent with previous literature suggesting a diesel "adjuvant" effect promoting allergic inflammation, and our data further suggest this change may be associated with reduced virus clearance.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00617110).
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Noah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7310, USA.
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Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases in most industrialized countries has increased. Although the exact mechanisms behind this rapid increase in prevalence remain uncertain, a variety of air pollutants have been attracting attention as one causative factor. Epidemiological and toxicological research suggests a causative relationship between air pollution and the increased incidence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other allergic disorders. These include ozone, nitrogen dioxide and, especially particulate matter, produced by traffic-related and industrial activities. Strong epidemiological evidence supports a relationship between air pollution and the exacerbation of asthma and other respiratory diseases. Recent studies have suggested that air pollutants play a role in the development of asthma and allergies. Researchers have elucidated the mechanisms whereby these pollutants induce adverse effects; they appear to affect the balance between antioxidant pathways and airway inflammation. Gene polymorphisms involved in antioxidant pathways can modify responses to air pollution exposure. While the characterization and monitoring of pollutant components currently dictates pollution control policies, it will be necessary to identify susceptible subpopulations to target therapy/prevention of pollution-induced respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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