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Jia H, Dong N. Effects of bile acid metabolism on intestinal health of livestock and poultry. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38649786 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are synthesised in the liver and are essential amphiphilic steroids for maintaining the balance of cholesterol and energy metabolism in livestock and poultry. They can be used as novel feed additives to promote fat utilisation in the diet and the absorption of fat-soluble substances in the feed to improve livestock performance and enhance carcass quality. With the development of understanding of intestinal health, the balance of bile acid metabolism is closely related to the composition and growth of livestock intestinal microbiota, inflammatory response, and metabolic diseases. This paper systematically reviews the effects of bile acid metabolism on gut health and gut microbiology in livestock. In addition, our paper summarised the role of bile acid metabolism in performance and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Jia
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Dong
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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2
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Shan J, Liu S, Liu H, Yuan J, Lin J. Mechanism of Qingchang Suppository on repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier in ulcerative colitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1221849. [PMID: 37675045 PMCID: PMC10478270 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1221849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory inflammatory bowel disease, and the outcomes of conventional therapies of UC, including 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biological agents, are not satisfied with patients and physicians with regard to adverse reactions and financial burden. The abnormality of the intestinal mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of UC was verified. Qingchang Suppository (QCS) is an herbal preparation and is effective in treating ulcerative proctitis. The mechanism of QCS and its active ingredients have not been concluded especially in mucosal healing. This review elucidated the potential mechanism of QCS from the intestinal mucosal barrier perspective to help exploring future QCS research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suxian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tsitsami E, Sarrigeorgiou I, Tsinti M, Rouka EC, Zarogiannis SG, Lymberi P. Natural autoimmunity in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2023; 21:44. [PMID: 37138302 PMCID: PMC10155367 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (oligo-JIA) is considered as an antigen-driven lymphocyte-mediated autoimmune disease. Natural antibodies (NAbs) are pre-immune antibodies produced in the absence of exogenous antigen stimulation, participating in both, innate and adaptive immunity. Considering their major immunoregulatory role in homeostasis and autoimmune pathogenesis, we designed this study to further elucidate their role in oligo-JIA pathogenesis. METHODS Seventy children with persistent oligo-JIA and 20 healthy matched controls were enrolled in the study. Serum IgM and IgA antibodies against human G-actin, human IgG F(ab΄)2 fragments and the hapten TriNitroPhenol (TNP) as well as the total concentration of serum IgM and IgA were measured by in-house enzyme-immunoassays. Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess data distribution, and significant differences of non-parametric data between groups of the study. Backward regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of multiple factors (age, gender, disease activity, anti-nuclear antibody positivity, presence of uveitis) on continuous dependent variables (activities and activity/ concentration ratios of IgM and IgA NAbs). RESULTS The ratios of IgA anti-TNP, anti-actin and anti-F(ab΄)2 levels to total serum IgA concentration were found to be significantly increased in patients with oligo-JIA compared to healthy subjects. Significantly elevated levels of IgM anti-TNP antibodies were also found in children with inactive oligo-JIA compared to those of children with active disease and of healthy controls. In the presence of anterior uveitis, IgM anti-TNP levels were significantly higher than in patients without uveitis or in healthy controls. Backward regression analysis revealed that the disease activity and the presence of anterior uveitis independently affect IgM anti-TNP levels. CONCLUSUIONS Our findings are in accordance with the hypothesis that NAbs contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and provide additional evidence that disturbances in natural autoimmunity may contribute to the as yet unclarified pathogenesis of oligo-JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tsitsami
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Children's Hospital "Aghia Sofia", Thivon & Papadiamadopoulou, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Sarrigeorgiou
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127, Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsinti
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Children's Hospital "Aghia Sofia", Thivon & Papadiamadopoulou, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Erasmia C Rouka
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Geopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500, Geopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Peggy Lymberi
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127, Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521, Athens, Greece.
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Costi S, Germinario S, Pandolfi M, Pellico MR, Amati A, Gattinara M, Chighizola CB, Caporali R, Marino A. Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Literature Review-Based Cohort. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030502. [PMID: 36980060 PMCID: PMC10047775 DOI: 10.3390/children10030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare autoinflammatory bone disorder that mainly involves children and adolescents. The association with other inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, and arthritis, has been reported in the literature. In particular, the relationship between bone and intestinal inflammation is still poorly understood. For this purpose, our review aims to describe the cases reported in the literature concerning this association and to compare them with data from our single-center cohort of patients. Methods: We conducted a literature review of published cases of CNO associated with IBD. Eligible articles were identified through a Medline search in the PubMed database until December 2022. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with CNO referred to G. Pini Hospital and compared them with the literature-review-based cohort. Results: Fifty-seven patients with a defined diagnosis of CNO and associated IBD were described in the literature (female 55%). The median age of onset of the disease (CNO or IBD) was 11 years. In 32/53 (60%), a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD) was made, while 18 (34%) patients were classified as suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC) and 3 (6%) from undifferentiated IBD. The diagnosis of CNO preceded the diagnosis of IBD in 59% of cases; while in 24%, IBD anticipated CNO; and in 17%, the two conditions appeared simultaneously. The median time between the two events was 24 months. In our Italian cohort (n = 23 patients), no diagnosis of IBD was made. No significant differences were found when comparing clinical and demographical characteristics of the Italian vs. review-based cohort, except for a significant involvement of rachis in the Italian group. Conclusions: The correlation between autoinflammatory bone disease and intestinal inflammation should be further investigated. It is essential to promote awareness among pediatric rheumatologists and gastroenterologists about this possible association to facilitate the diagnosis and better optimize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Costi
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cecilia Beatrice Chighizola
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Pediatric and Adult Rheumatic Diseases (RECAP.RD), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Pediatric and Adult Rheumatic Diseases (RECAP.RD), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Achille Marino
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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5
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Panelli S, D'Auria E, Papaleo S, Alvaro A, Bandi C, Comandatore F, Zuccotti G. Biotics in pediatrics: a short overview. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022; 74:682-687. [PMID: 35822582 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.06989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to provide a general overview to the topic of this special issue. In this study the available categories of biotics were defined (i.e., probiotics, prebiotics, postobiotics and synbiotics) as first actors of therapies that target the gut flora, with the aim to modify it in a specific direction, generally with the goal of controlling inflammatory phenomena. The points that must be considered when evaluating the results of these interventions, and, specifically, the changes in gut microbiota following the assumption of biotics were analyzed. This context typically represented the one of clinical trials aimed at inducing or maintaining remission in pediatric autoimmune inflammatory diseases, that often yield conflicting results. We finally attempted to draft possible research developments for the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Panelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" Pediatric Clinical Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy -
| | - Enza D'Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stella Papaleo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" Pediatric Clinical Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alvaro
- Department of Biosciences, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" Pediatric Clinical Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" Pediatric Clinical Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Comandatore
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" Pediatric Clinical Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Wen S, Zhao Y, Liu S, Chen Y, Yuan H, Xu H. Polystyrene microplastics exacerbated liver injury from cyclophosphamide in mice: Insight into gut microbiota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156668. [PMID: 35710014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have infiltrated human food system globally, and the latent health risks have been well-described. However, the impact of pre-consumed MPs on liver resistance to foreign robust stimuli remains unclear. In this study, we developed a mouse model drinking roughly 18 and 180 μg/kg/day polystyrene MPs for 90 days, then intraperitoneally injected mice with 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CTX) to investigate whether chronic pre-exposure to MPs aggravates hepatoxicity induced by CTX. Slight liver injury was found in single CTX-treated mice, while more significant liver histopathological damage, inflammation and oxidative stress elicited by CTX were observed in pre-drinking MPs mice. Moreover, chronic exposure of MPs induced remarkable colonic impairments (e.g., leaky gut, mild inflammation and repressed antioxidant activity) as well as gut microbiota perturbation, which manifested positive association with aggravated hepatotoxicity via spearman correlation analysis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) trail was conducted to ulteriorly demonstrate the critical role of MPs-altered gut bacteria in exaggerated liver susceptibility to CTX stimulation. In conclusion, our study provided an insight that the adverse impact of MPs could be best revealed when animals suffering attack from hazardous substance. It also contributes to comprehensive assessment of health risk from environmentally pervasive MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yanbiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Belvoncikova P, Maronek M, Gardlik R. Gut Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810729. [PMID: 36142642 PMCID: PMC9503867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis has recently been reported in a number of clinical states, including neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular, metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Yet, it is not completely understood how colonizing microorganisms are implicated in their pathophysiology and molecular pathways. There are a number of suggested mechanisms of how gut microbiota dysbiosis triggers or sustains extraintestinal diseases; however, none of these have been widely accepted as part of the disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have proposed that gut microbiota and its metabolites could play a pivotal role in the modulation of immune system responses and the development of autoimmunity in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis or type 1 diabetes. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a valuable tool for uncovering the role of gut microbiota in the pathological processes. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about gut microbiota dysbiosis and the potential of FMT in studying the pathogeneses and therapies of autoimmune diseases. Herein, we discuss the extraintestinal autoimmune pathologies with at least one published or ongoing FMT study in human or animal models.
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Saini A, Dalal P, Sharma D. Deciphering the Interdependent Labyrinth between Gut Microbiota and the Immune System. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1122-1135. [PMID: 35730958 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome interacts with each other and the host, which has significant effects on health and disease development. Intestinal homeostasis and inflammation are maintained by the dynamic interactions between gut microbiota and the innate and adaptive immune systems. Numerous metabolic products produced by the gut microbiota play a role in mediating cross-talk between gut epithelial and immune cells. In the event of an imbalance between the immune system and microbiota, the body becomes susceptible to infections, and homeostasis is compromised. This review mainly focuses on the interplay between microbes and the immune system, such as, T-cell and B-cell mediated adaptive responses to microbiota and signaling pathways for effective communication between the two. We have also highlighted the role of microbes in the activation of the immune response, the development of memory cells, and how the immune system determines the diversity of human gut microbiota. The review also explains the relationship of commensal microbiota and their relation in the production of immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Saini
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, -140306, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302006
| | - Priyanka Dalal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, -140306, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, -140306, India
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9
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Derfalvi B, Boros KK, Szabo D, Bozsaki G, Cseh A, Rudas G, Muller KE, Veres G. Joint involvement, disease activity and quality of life in pediatric Crohn's disease - a cross-sectional study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:6. [PMID: 35093127 PMCID: PMC8801094 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few published data describe how joint involvement, the most prevalent extraintestinal manifestation, affects quality of life (QoL) of children with Crohn's disease (CD). Arthritis and arthralgia rates in pediatric CD patients are reportedly 3-24% and 17-22%, respectively, but studies on pre-emptive and systematic screening of joint involvement with detailed musculoskeletal rheumatological exam are lacking. More detailed data collection on joint involvement improves our understanding of how arthropathy relates to disease activity and QoL measured by the Pediatric CD Activity Index (PCDAI) and IMPACT-III questionnaire. Our study aims were to assess joint involvement in pediatric CD and correlate it with the PCDAI and IMPACT-III. METHODS In this cross-sectional, observational study, a pediatric gastroenterologist assessed consecutively-seen pediatric CD patients at a tertiary care center. Patients were screened for prevalence of current and previous arthropathy, including arthritis, enthesitis and arthralgia. A single experienced pediatric rheumatologist evaluated detailed musculoskeletal history, joint status, and modified Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Reports (JAMAR). PCDAI, IMPACT-III, sacroiliac MRI, and HLA-B27 genetic testing were also completed. RESULTS A total of 82 (male:female, 1.2:1; age, 13.7 ± 3.2 years) patients were involved in this study. Mean disease duration at time of study was 21.6 ± 21 months; eight of the patients were newly-diagnosed. Of the 82 patients, 29 (35%) had evidence of arthritis; for 24 of those, this was revealed by physical exam during cross-sectional screening, and by prior documentation for the remaining five patients. Joint examination confirmed active arthritis in 8/24 (33%), active enthesitis in 1/24 (4%), and evidence of previous arthritis in 15/24 (62.5%) patients. Hip (41%) and knee (38%) joints were most commonly affected. Cumulative incidence of arthralgia was 48% (39/82), and 46% (18/39) of those patients had only arthralgia without arthritis, usually affecting the knee. Axial involvement was present in 10/82 (12%) patients. Joint involvement correlated with more severe CD disease activity, specifically higher PCDAI and lower IMPACT-III scores, and increased requirement for infliximab treatment. Sacroiliitis and HLA-B27 positivity were insignificant factors in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS When a rheumatologist performed the assessment, joint involvement in pediatric CD was more prevalent than previously reported, in this cross-sectional study. Arthritis was associated with more severe CD disease activity and lower QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Derfalvi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University/IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Kriszta Katinka Boros
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 98211st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Doloresz Szabo
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 98211st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Bozsaki
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 98211st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aron Cseh
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 98211st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Rudas
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821MR Science Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Eszter Muller
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary ,grid.413987.00000 0004 0573 5145Heim Pal National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Veres
- grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Paediatric Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Harjacek M. Immunopathophysiology of Juvenile Spondyloarthritis (jSpA): The "Out of the Box" View on Epigenetics, Neuroendocrine Pathways and Role of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF). Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:700982. [PMID: 34692718 PMCID: PMC8526544 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.700982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile spondyloarthritis (jSpA) is a an umbrella term for heterogeneous group of related seronegative inflammatory disorders sharing common symptoms. Although it mainly affects children and adolescents, it often remains active during adulthood. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in its occurrence, although the exact underlying immunopathophysiology remains incompletely elucidated. Accumulated evidence suggests that, in affected patients, subclinical gut inflammation caused by intestinal dysbiosis, is pivotal to the future development of synovial-entheseal complex inflammation. While the predominant role of IL17/23 axis, TNF-α, and IL-7 in the pathophysiology of SpA, including jSpA, is firmly established, the role of the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is generally overlooked. The purpose of this review is to discuss and emphasize the role of epigenetics, neuroendocrine pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary (HPA) axis, and to propose a novel hypothesis of the role of decreased NLRP3 gene expression and possibly MIF in the early phases of jSpA development. The decreased NLRP3 gene expression in the latter, due to hypomethylation of promotor site, is (one of) the cause for inflammasome malfunction leading to gut dysbiosis observed in patients with early jSpA. In addition, we highlight the role of MIF in the complex innate, adaptive cellular and main effector cytokine network, Finally, since treatment of advanced bone pathology in SpA remains an unmet clinical need, I suggest possible new drug targets with the aim to ultimately improve treatment efficacy and long-term outcome of jSpA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Harjacek
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Zhao Y, Liu S, Tang Y, You T, Xu H. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Ameliorated Long-Term Exposure to TiO 2 Nanoparticles Induced Microbiota-Mediated Liver and Colon Inflammation and Fructose-Caused Metabolic Abnormality in Metabolism Syndrome Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9788-9799. [PMID: 34382390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A huge number of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) exist in confectionery foods, which is a high-risk factor for development of diet-induced metabolism syndrome (MetS). In this study, we built a high fructose drinking-induced MetS mouse model, and oral intake of 20 mg/kg TiO2 NPs was administered for 8 weeks. Significant pathological changes and inflammatory factors of overproduction were detected in the liver and colon. The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis results indicated that TiO2 NPs evidently and further perturbed the gut microbiota diversity, compositions, and KEGG pathways in MetS mice. Fecal microbiota transplant experiment proved that TiO2 NPs-altered gut microbiota drives liver and colon inflammation damage. More importantly, oral supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) ameliorated not only the TiO2 NPs-induced inflammation but also the fructose-caused metabolic abnormality. LGG recovered the gut dysbiosis and decreased the abundance of inflammation-related bacteria (Desulfovibrionaceae, Clostridia, and Proteobacteria), thereby protecting against TiO2 NPs-induced severe inflammation damage. Our study suggests the necessity of assessing the toxic effects of foodborne nanoparticles on the chronic disease population and potential usefulness of probiotics as prophylactic and therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yizhou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Tao You
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Yang QY, Ma LL, Zhang C, Lin JZ, Han L, He YN, Xie CG. Exploring the Mechanism of Indigo Naturalis in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Based on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:674416. [PMID: 34366843 PMCID: PMC8339204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.674416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical trials have proven that indigo naturalis is a candidate drug for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), but its therapeutic mechanism is still unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of indigo naturalis to treat mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC. Methods: DSS-induced UC mice were treated with indigo naturalis (200 mg/kg), indigo (4.76 mg/kg), and indirubin (0.78 mg/kg) for 1 week. The anti-UC mechanism of indigo naturalis was studied by pathological section, inflammatory factor, western blot, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: According to body weight change, disease activity index, and colon length, indigo naturalis had the strongest anti DSS-induced UC effect, followed by indirubin and indigo. Pathological section showed that indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells, increase the secretion of intestinal mucus, and repair the intestinal mucosa. Indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could reduce IL-1β,IL-6, and TNF-α by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal transduction. Indigo naturalis and indigo could also reduce IgA and IgG both in serum and colon tissue. In addition, indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could adjust the gut microbiota structure of DSS-induced UC mice, reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of probiotics. Conclusion: Indigo and indirubin are one of the main anti-UC components of indigo naturalis. INN could regulate intestinal flora, reduce inflammation, repair intestinal mucosa, and improve the physiological status of DSS-induced UC mice and its anti-UC mechanism may be involved in inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yue Yang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Le-le Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Nan He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Guang Xie
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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13
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Wang J, Zheng S, Yang X, Huazeng B, Cheng Q. Influences of non-IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy-associated gut microbial dysbiosis on regulatory T cell-mediated intestinal immune tolerance and homeostasis. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105020. [PMID: 34089791 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbial dysbiosis is closely associated with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) during infancy. Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of the commensal microbiota-induced intestinal regulatory T (Treg) cell response in the development of oral tolerance and protection against IgE-mediated food allergies. However, the influences of CMPA (particularly non-IgE-mediated CMPA)-associated microbial dysbiosis on Treg cell-mediated intestinal immune tolerance and homeostasis remain poorly characterized. To investigate this issue, fecal microbiota from infant donors with food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) associated with cow's milk, which is the most frequent clinical type of non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal CMPA, and from age-matched healthy controls were transplanted into germ-free mice in this study. Two weeks post fecal microbiota transplantation, the gut microbiome of the recipient mice was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the intestinal immunological alterations associated with the Treg cell compartment and intestinal immune homeostasis were detected. The specific gut microbial phylotypes that were potentially responsible for the disruption of intestinal immune homeostasis were also analyzed. We observed that the main characteristics of the gut microbiome in infant donors could be stably maintained in recipient mice. We also found that mice colonized with the gut microbiome from infants with cow's milk-induced FPIAP showed significant deficiencies in the accumulation and function of intestinal Treg cells. Furthermore, these mice showed disrupted intestinal immune homeostasis, which was characterized by an overactivated Th2 biased immune response. We further identified two potentially pathogenic genera that contribute to this disruption. Overall, our results highlight a destructive effect of non-IgE-mediated CMPA-associated microbial dysbiosis on intestinal immune tolerance and homeostasis. We believe these findings will help improve our understanding of the gut microbiota-mediated pathogenesis of non-IgE-mediated CMPA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatircs, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Department of Child Health Care, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Child Health Care, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ben Huazeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Child Health Care, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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14
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Li R, Meng X, Chen B, Zhao L, Zhang X. Gut Microbiota in Lupus: a Butterfly Effect? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:27. [PMID: 33864162 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease that typically displays chronic inflammatory tissue damage and miscellaneous circulatory autoantibodies, as well as distinctive type 1 interferon signatures. The etiology of SLE is unclear and currently is attributed to genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Gut microbiota has recently been considered a critical environmental pathogenic factor in immune-related disorders, and studies are ongoing to uncover the key pathogens and the imputative mechanisms. Fundamental advancements on the role of the microbiota in SLE pathology have been achieved in recent years and are summarized in this review. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings suggested that gut commensals could propagate autoimmunity via molecular mimicry in which ortholog-carrying microbes cross-activate autoreactive T/B cells and trigger the response against host autoantigens, or via bystander activation by stimulating antigen-presenting cells that present autoantigens and enhancing the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines, thus leading to the loss of self-tolerance and the production of autoantibodies. Additionally, the break of gut barrier and the translocation of gut commensals to inner organs can trigger immune dysregulation and inappropriate systemic inflammation. All these microbiota-mediated mechanisms could contribute to lupus immunopathogenesis and promote disease development in susceptible individuals. Evidence of the causative role of disturbed gut microbiome in SLE is still limited, and the related molecular mechanisms and pathways are largely elusive. However, the modification of gut microbiota, such as pathobiont vaccine, special diet, restricted consortium transplantation, as well as regulatory metabolites supplementation, might be promising strategies for lupus prophylaxis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Beidi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID); State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), 41 Damucang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Centre, Medical Epigenetics Research Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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15
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Ma G, Du H, Hu Q, Yang W, Pei F, Xiao H. Health benefits of edible mushroom polysaccharides and associated gut microbiota regulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6646-6663. [PMID: 33792430 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1903385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms have been an important part of the human diet for thousands of years, and over 100 varieties have been cultivated for their potential human health benefits. In recent years, edible mushroom polysaccharides (EMPs) have been studied for their activities against obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and cancer. Particularly, accumulating evidence on the exact causality between these health risks and specific gut microbiota species has been revealed and characterized, and most of the beneficial health effects of EMPs have been associated with its reversal impacts on gut microbiota dysbiosis. This demonstrates the key role of EMPs in decreasing health risks through gut microbiota modulation effects. This review article compiles and summarizes the latest studies that focus on the health benefits and underlying functional mechanisms of gut microbiota regulation via EMPs. We conclude that EMPs can be considered a dietary source for the improvement and prevention of several health risks, and this review provides the theoretical basis and technical guidance for the development of novel functional foods with the utilization of edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Mei F, Meng K, Gu Z, Yun Y, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhong Q, Pan F, Shen X, Xia G, Chen H. Arecanut ( Areca catechu L.) Seed Polyphenol-Ameliorated Osteoporosis by Altering Gut Microbiome via LYZ and the Immune System in Estrogen-Deficient Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:246-258. [PMID: 33382620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol can improve osteoporosis and is closely associated with gut microbiota, while the mechanism and the relationship among polyphenol, osteoporosis, and gut microbiota colonization remain unclear. Here, an osteoporosis rat model established by ovariectomy was employed to investigate the improving mechanism of arecanut (Areca catechu L.) seed polyphenol (ACP) on osteoporosis by regulating gut microbiota. We analyzed the bone microstructure, Paneth cells, regulating microbial protein (lysozyme (LYZ)), proinflammatory cytokines, macrophage infiltration levels, and gut microbial communities in a rat. ACP improved the trabecular microstructure compared to OVX, including the increased trabecular number (Tb.N) (P < 0.01) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (P < 0.001) and decreased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) (P < 0.01). At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was increased after ovariectomy (P < 0.001) and Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were increased in ACP (P < 0.001). Antiosteoporosis groups with lower LYZ and Paneth cells (P < 0.001) showed that the microbiota Alistipes, which have a negative effect on bone metabolism were decreased in ACP (P < 0.001). Altogether, these studies showed that the estrogen deficiency could induce the shedding of Paneth cells, which leads to the decrease of LYZ, while ACP could increase the LYZ expression by maintaining the population of Paneth cells in an estrogen-deficient host, which were implicated in gut microbiota regulation and improved osteoporosis by controlling the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Mei
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Keke Meng
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yonghuan Yun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Feibing Pan
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xuanri Shen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Guanghua Xia
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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17
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Cococcioni L, Panelli S, Varotto-Boccazzi I, Carlo DD, Pistone D, Leccese G, Zuccotti GV, Comandatore F. IBDs and the pediatric age: Their peculiarities and the involvement of the microbiota. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:17-25. [PMID: 33189590 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) are gastrointestinal disorders characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation, with growing incidence worldwide over the last decades and distinctive features in the pediatric age. An increasing body of evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a major role in inflammatory disorders, including IBDs. In this review we will discuss the most recent evidences on dysbiotic changes associated with gut inflammation, as well as environmental and genetic factors contributing to IBD pathogenesis, with a focus on the peculiarities of the pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cococcioni
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Panelli
- "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Domenico Di Carlo
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Pistone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università di Milano, Italy; "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Comandatore
- "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy
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18
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McCann LJ, Hedrich CM. Is it time to re-think juvenile-onset Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases? - First steps towards individualised treatments to meet agreed targets. Clin Immunol 2020; 223:108647. [PMID: 33310069 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liza J McCann
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, UK; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, UK; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK.
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19
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Dilek N, Papapetropoulos A, Toliver-Kinsky T, Szabo C. Hydrogen sulfide: An endogenous regulator of the immune system. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105119. [PMID: 32781284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as an endogenous signaling gasotransmitter in mammals. It is produced by mammalian cells and tissues by various enzymes - predominantly cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) - but part of the H2S is produced by the intestinal microbiota (colonic H2S-producing bacteria). Here we summarize the available information on the production and functional role of H2S in the various cell types typically associated with innate immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils) and adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes) under normal conditions and as it relates to the development of various inflammatory and immune diseases. Special attention is paid to the physiological and the pathophysiological aspects of the oral cavity and the colon, where the immune cells and the parenchymal cells are exposed to a special "H2S environment" due to bacterial H2S production. H2S has many cellular and molecular targets. Immune cells are "surrounded" by a "cloud" of H2S, as a result of endogenous H2S production and exogenous production from the surrounding parenchymal cells, which, in turn, importantly regulates their viability and function. Downregulation of endogenous H2S producing enzymes in various diseases, or genetic defects in H2S biosynthetic enzyme systems either lead to the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease or accelerate the onset and worsen the severity of various immune-mediated diseases (e.g. autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis or asthma). Low, regulated amounts of H2S, when therapeutically delivered by small molecule donors, improve the function of various immune cells, and protect them against dysfunction induced by various noxious stimuli (e.g. reactive oxygen species or oxidized LDL). These effects of H2S contribute to the maintenance of immune functions, can stimulate antimicrobial defenses and can exert anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahzli Dilek
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Tracy Toliver-Kinsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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20
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Păcularu-Burada B, Georgescu LA, Vasile MA, Rocha JM, Bahrim GE. Selection of Wild Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains as Promoters of Postbiotics in Gluten-Free Sourdoughs. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E643. [PMID: 32354104 PMCID: PMC7284720 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of inflammatory responses in humans is frequently associated with food intolerances and is likely to give rise to irritable bowel disease. The use of conventional or unconventional flours to produce gluten-free baking doughs brings important technological and nutritional challenges, and the use of the sourdough biotechnology has the potential to overcome such limitations. In addition, the typical metabolic transformations carried out by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) can become an important biotechnological process for the nutritional fortification and functionalization of sourdoughs due to the resulting postbiotics. In such a context, this research work aimed at isolating and selecting new LAB strains that resort to a wide range of natural environments and food matrices to be ultimately employed as starter cultures in gluten-free sourdough fermentations. Nineteen LAB strains belonging to the genera of Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and Streptococcus were isolated, and the selection criteria encompassed their acidification capacity in fermentations carried out on chickpea, quinoa, and buckwheat flour extracts; the capacity to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS); and the antimicrobial activity against food spoilage molds and bacteria. Moreover, the stability of the LAB metabolites after the fermentation of the gluten-free flour extracts submitted to thermal and acidic treatments was also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Păcularu-Burada
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Domneasca Street No. 111, 800201 Galati, Romania; (B.P.-B.); (L.A.G.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Luminița Anca Georgescu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Domneasca Street No. 111, 800201 Galati, Romania; (B.P.-B.); (L.A.G.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Mihaela Aida Vasile
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Domneasca Street No. 111, 800201 Galati, Romania; (B.P.-B.); (L.A.G.); (M.A.V.)
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- REQUIMTE–Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Laboratório de Química Verde (LAQV), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n. P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Gabriela-Elena Bahrim
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Domneasca Street No. 111, 800201 Galati, Romania; (B.P.-B.); (L.A.G.); (M.A.V.)
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