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Yaghoobi A, Rezaee M, Behnoush AH, Khalaji A, Mafi A, Houjaghan AK, Masoudkabir F, Pahlavan S. Role of long noncoding RNAs in pathological cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction: An emerging insight into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116248. [PMID: 38325262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of heart failure (HF), accounting for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. As a consequence of ischemia/reperfusion injury during MI, multiple cellular processes such as oxidative stress-induced damage, cardiomyocyte death, and inflammatory responses occur. In the next stage, the proliferation and activation of cardiac fibroblasts results in myocardial fibrosis and HF progression. Therefore, developing a novel therapeutic strategy is urgently warranted to restrict the progression of pathological cardiac remodeling. Recently, targeting long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) provided a novel insight into treating several disorders. In this regard, numerous investigations have indicated that several lncRNAs could participate in the pathogenesis of MI-induced cardiac remodeling, suggesting their potential therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarized lncRNAs displayed in the pathophysiology of cardiac remodeling after MI, emphasizing molecular mechanisms. Also, we highlighted the possible translational role of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets for this condition and discussed the potential role of exosomes in delivering the lncRNAs involved in post-MI cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Yaghoobi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Detopoulou P, Fragopoulou E, Nomikos T, Antonopoulou S. Associations of phase angle with platelet-activating factor metabolism and related dietary factors in healthy volunteers. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1237086. [PMID: 38024339 PMCID: PMC10655008 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1237086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phase angle (PA) is derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). It reflects cell membrane function and decreases in disease. It is affected by inflammation, oxidative stress, and diet. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory lipid mediator. Its levels, along with the activity of its metabolic enzymes, including CDP-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-cholinephosphotransferase, acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF-acetyltransferases, and PAF-AH/Lp-PLA2 are also related to dietary factors, such as the dietary antioxidant capacity (DAC). The aim of the study was to estimate whether the PAF metabolic circuit and related dietary factors are associated with PA in healthy volunteers. Methods In healthy subjects, PAF, its metabolic enzyme activity, and erythrocyte fatty acids were measured, while desaturases were estimated. Food-frequency questionnaires and recalls were used, and food groups, macronutrient intake, MedDietScore, and DAC were assessed. Lifestyle and biochemical variables were collected. DXA and BIA measurements were performed. Results Lp-PLA2 activity was positively associated with PA (rho = 0.651, p < 0.001, total population; rho = 0.780, p < 0.001, women), while PAF levels were negatively associated with PA only in men (partial rho = -0.627, p = 0.012) and inversely related to DAC. Estimated desaturase 6 was inversely associated with PA (rho = -0.404, p = 0.01, total sample). Moreover, the DAC correlated positively with PA (rho = 0.513, p = 0.03, women). All correlations were adjusted for age, body mass index, and sex (if applicable). Conclusion PA is associated with PAF levels and Lp-PLA2 activity in a gender-dependent fashion, indicating the involvement of PAF in cell membrane impairment. The relationship of PA with DAC suggests a protective effect of antioxidants on cellular health, considering that antioxidants may inhibit PAF generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education. Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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English CJ, Lohning AE, Mayr HL, Jones M, MacLaughlin H, Reidlinger DP. The association between dietary quality scores with C-reactive protein and novel biomarkers of inflammation platelet-activating factor and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:38. [PMID: 37700354 PMCID: PMC10496320 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy dietary patterns are associated with lower inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and adherence can be measured using diet quality scores. Inflammation is traditionally measured with C-reactive protein (hsCRP), however there is interest in novel pro-inflammatory markers platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) that are specifically involved in endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between PAF, Lp-PLA2, hsCRP, and six diet scores. One hundred adults (49 ± 13 years, 31% male) with variable CVD risk were recruited. Fasting PAF, Lp-PLA2 and hsCRP and usual dietary intake were measured. Adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Dairy-adjusted DASH, Vegetarian Lifestyle Index, Healthy Eating Index for Australians (HEIFA), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and PREDIMED-Plus (erMedDiet) scores were calculated. Correlations and multiple regressions were performed. hsCRP, but not PAF, independently correlated with several diet scores. Lp-PLA2 independently correlated with Vegetarian Lifestyle Index only in unadjusted models. A one-point increase in adherence to the DASH Index, the Dairy-adjusted DASH Index and the Vegetarian Lifestyle Index was associated with a 30%, 30%, and 33% reduction in hsCRP levels, respectively. Smaller effects were seen with the other diet scores with a one-point increase in adherence resulting in a 19%, 22% and 16% reduction in hsCRP with HEIFA, MEDAS, erMedDiet scores, respectively. The lack of stronger associations between the novel markers of inflammation and diet scores may be due to confounding by COVID-19 infection and vaccination programs, which prevents any firm conclusion on the relationship between PAF, Lp-PLA2 and healthy dietary patterns. Future research should aim to examine the relationship with these novel markers and healthy dietary patterns in a non-pandemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J English
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna E Lohning
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannah L Mayr
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen MacLaughlin
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Nutrition Research Collaborative, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dianne P Reidlinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.
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Papadimitriou K, Detopoulou P, Soufleris K, Voulgaridou G, Tsoumana D, Ntopromireskou P, Giaginis C, Chatziprodromidou IP, Spanoudaki M, Papadopoulou SK. Nutritional Risk and Sarcopenia Features in Patients with Crohn's Disease: Relation to Body Composition, Physical Performance, Nutritional Questionnaires and Biomarkers. Nutrients 2023; 15:3615. [PMID: 37630805 PMCID: PMC10458234 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) face malnutrition risk, which, combined with inflammation, can lead to sarcopenia, associated with a worse prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to assess malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with CD. Fifty-three patients (26 women) participated (38.1 ± 10.9 years, 79% in remission). Body composition, physical performance, nutritional questionnaires, and biomarkers were performed. Malnutrition was screened with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Malnutrition Inflammation Risk Tool (MIRT) and was assessed with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) tool using etiologic along with three different phenotypic criteria: low Body Mass Index (BMI), low Calf Circumference (CC), and low Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI). To find cases and evaluate sarcopenia, the Sarcopenia Questionnaire (SARC-F) and European Working Group on Sarcopenia2 (EWGSOP2) criteria were used. Malnutrition rates were 11.3% (n = 6), 7.5% (n = 4), and 5.6% (n = 3) based on low FFMI, CC, and BMI, correspondingly. Four (7%) patients had low Hand-Grip Strength (HGS), n = 8 (14.8%) had low Appendicular Lean Mass (ALM), and n = 3 (5.6%) had low gait speed. No-one had sarcopenia. A high albumin and triceps skinfold pattern, identified by principal component analysis, was related to reduced C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels (B = -0.180, SE = 0.085, p = 0.045). In conclusion, based on the studied anthropometric, nutritional, and functional variables, CD patients were not diagnosed with sarcopenia in the present study. Body composition patterns were related to the inflammatory burden, underlying the interplay of inflammation and malnutrition, even in remission states. Further studies on older populations and during disease exacerbation are necessary to explore the potential link between CD, inflammation, and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Metropolitan College of Thessaloniki, University of East London, 546 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, 115 26 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Soufleris
- Gastroenterology-Oncology Department, Theageneio Anticancer Hospital of Thessaloniki, 546 39 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Despoina Tsoumana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Ntopromireskou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 811 00 Myrina, Greece; (P.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 811 00 Myrina, Greece; (P.N.); (C.G.)
| | | | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.S.)
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Detopoulou P, Panoutsopoulos GI, Mantoglou M, Michailidis P, Pantazi I, Papadopoulos S, Rojas Gil AP. Relation of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) with Cancer: A Systematic Review with a Focus on Disease Outcome on Twelve Types of Cancer. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:3391-3420. [PMID: 36975471 PMCID: PMC10047416 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory proteins activate platelets, which have been observed to be directly related to cancer progression and development. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the possible association between Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and cancer (diagnostic capacity of MPV, relation to survival, the severity of the disease, and metastasis). A literature review was performed in the online database PubMed and Google Scholar for the period of 2010–2022. In total, 83 studies including 21,034 participants with 12 different types of cancer (i.e., gastric cancer, colon cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, renal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, gallbladder cancer, and multiple myeloma) were identified. The role of MPV has been extensively investigated in several types of cancer, such as gastric, colon, breast, and lung cancer, while few data exist for other types, such as renal, gallbladder cancer, and multiple myeloma. Most studies in gastric, breast, endometrium, thyroid, and lung cancer documented an elevated MPV in cancer patients. Data were less clear-cut for esophageal, ovarian, and colon cancer, while reduced MPV was observed in renal cell carcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Several studies on colon cancer (4 out of 6) and fewer on lung cancer (4 out of 10) indicated an unfavorable role of increased MPV regarding mortality. As far as other cancer types are concerned, fewer studies were conducted. MPV can be used as a potential biomarker in cancer diagnosis and could be a useful tool for the optimization of treatment strategies. Possible underlying mechanisms between cancer and MPV are discussed. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of MPV in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, Athanassaki 2, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - George I. Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Marina Mantoglou
- Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece
| | - Periklis Michailidis
- Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece
| | - Ifigenia Pantazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, Athanassaki 2, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Papadopoulos
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, Athanassaki 2, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas Gil
- Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Mediterranean Diet and Sarcopenia Features in Apparently Healthy Adults over 65 Years: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051104. [PMID: 36904104 PMCID: PMC10005300 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Low muscle mass combined with changes in physical function and muscle quality is defined as sarcopenia. In people > 60 years, sarcopenia reaches 10% and tends to increase with age. Individual nutrients, such as protein, may have a protective role against sarcopenia, but recent evidence suggests that protein alone has been ineffective in increasing muscle strength. Dietary patterns, instead, with a high "anti-inflammatory" potential, such as the Mediterranean dietary pattern, have been considered as an emerging dietary remedy against sarcopenia. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the role of Mediterranean diet in sarcopenia prevention and/or improvement, including recent data, in healthy elders. We searched published studies about sarcopenia and the Mediterranean diet until December 2022 in Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus search engine and grey literature. In total, ten articles were identified as relevant: four cross-sectional studies and six prospective. No clinical trial was identified. Only three studies assessed sarcopenia presence and four measured muscle mass, which is an essential criterion in sarcopenia diagnosis. Mediterranean diet adherence had, in general, a positive role in muscle mass and muscle function, while the results were less clear with regard to muscle strength. Additionally, there was no evidence of a positive effect of the Mediterranean diet on sarcopenia. There is a need for conduction of clinical trials in order to reach cause-effects conclusions regarding the importance of the Mediterranean diet in sarcopenia prevention and management in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean populations.
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Postprandial Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Responses to Grape Pomace Extract in Healthy Normal and Overweight/Obese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010156. [PMID: 36615813 PMCID: PMC9824782 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial oxidative stress has been shown to promote atherosclerosis. Grape pomace (GP) is a source of similar-to-wine bioactive micro-constituents with known antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate metabolic and oxidative stress responses after the intake of grape pomace (GP) extract along with a high-fat meal, in normal and overweight healthy women. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 18 women were finally included, 11 with BMI < 25 kg/m2 and 7 with BMI > 25 kg/m2, and consumed a high-fat meal with placebo or GP extract capsules in two separate visits. Blood samples were collected before and 6 h after the consumption. Measurements included basic biochemical markers, uric acid (UA), protein carbonyls (PC), thiobarbituric acid substance (TBARS) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. At certain time points, the GP extract consumption in normal-weight women reduced UA, TBARS levels, and SOD activity, whereas it increased UA and reduced PC levels in overweight/obese women, compared to the placebo. GP-derived bioactive compounds may exert antioxidant actions during the postprandial state in healthy women, through different mechanisms according to their BMI status.
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Li TY, Su W, Li LL, Zhao XG, Yang N, Gai JX, Lv X, Zhang J, Huang MQ, Zhang Q, Ji WH, Song XY, Zhou YH, Li XL, Shan HL, Liang HH. Critical role of PAFR/YAP1 positive feedback loop in cardiac fibrosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2862-2872. [PMID: 35396533 PMCID: PMC9622682 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of cardiac fibroblasts is the main cause and character of cardiac fibrosis, and inhibition of cardiac fibrosis becomes a promising treatment for cardiac diseases. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and Hippo pathway is recently recognized as key signaling mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases. In this study we explored the potential roles of PAF and Hippo signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in mice by left anterior descending artery ligation. After 28 days, the mice were sacrificed, and the hearts were collected for analyses. We showed that PAF receptor (PAFR) and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1, a key effector in the Hippo pathway) were significantly increased in the heart of MI mice. Increased expression of PAFR and YAP1 was also observed in angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated mouse cardiac fibroblasts. In mouse cardiac fibroblasts, forced expression of YAP1 increased cell viability, resulted in collagen deposition and promoted fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. We showed that PAF induced fibrogenesis through activation of YAP1 and promoted its nuclear translocation via interacting with PAFR, while YAP1 promoted the expression of PAFR by binding to and activating transcription factor TEAD1. More importantly, silencing PAFR or YAP1 by shRNA, or using transgenic mice to induce the conditional deletion of YAP1 in cardiac fibroblasts, impeded cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function in MI mice. Taken together, this study elucidates the role and mechanisms of PAFR/YAP1 positive feedback loop in cardiac fibrosis, suggesting a potential role of this pathway as novel therapeutic targets in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Liang-Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Zhao
- Zhuhai People's Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jia-Xin Gai
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Meng-Qin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wei-Hang Ji
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Song
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xue-Lian Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hong-Li Shan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Hai-Hai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Petsini F, Ntzouvani A, Detopoulou M, Papakonstantinou VD, Kalogeropoulos N, Fragopoulou E, Nomikos T, Kontogianni MD, Antonopoulou S. Consumption of Farmed Fish, Fed with an Olive-Pomace Enriched Diet, and Its Effect on the Inflammatory, Redox, and Platelet-Activating Factor Enzyme Profile of Apparently Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Trial. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142105. [PMID: 35885348 PMCID: PMC9318848 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A fish-rich diet has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health. The platelet activating factor (PAF) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis, and in vitro results support the regulating action of bioactive nutrients on PAF metabolism. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the consumption of farmed fish fed with an olive-pomace enriched diet (EF) affects PAF metabolism and the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress compared to the consumption of conventionally fed farmed fish (CF). Thirty apparently healthy adults completed a randomized double-blind crossover trial, during which they consumed both CF and EF twice a week for 8 weeks with a six-week washout period in between. The activities of PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), lysoPAF acetyltransferase (lysoPAF-AT), DTT-insensitive CDP-choline: 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-choline-phosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) in leukocytes, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) in serum were determined. The quantities of interleukin-6 (IL-6), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as the serum oxidation, were also determined. Both types of fish exerted similar effects as there were no statistically significant differences between the two interventions except for an elevated PAF-CPT and reduced arachidonic acid (AA) in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane lipids after the EF intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filio Petsini
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University,17671 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (A.N.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.F.); (T.N.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Agathi Ntzouvani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University,17671 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (A.N.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.F.); (T.N.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Maria Detopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University,17671 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (A.N.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.F.); (T.N.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Vasiliki D Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nick Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University,17671 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (A.N.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.F.); (T.N.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University,17671 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (A.N.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.F.); (T.N.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University,17671 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (A.N.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.F.); (T.N.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Meropi D Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University,17671 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (A.N.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.F.); (T.N.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University,17671 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (A.N.); (M.D.); (N.K.); (E.F.); (T.N.); (M.D.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Detopoulou P, Nomikos T, Fragopoulou E, Antonopoulou S. Association of PAF and its metabolic enzymes with GGT and the Fatty Liver Index in healthy volunteers. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:663-672. [PMID: 34182909 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119666210628125239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a lipid inflammatory mediator implicated in liver disease. Its main biosynthetic enzymes are cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and acetyl-coenzyme A: lyso-PAF-acetyltransferases (Lyso-PAF-AT), while PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) degrade PAF. OBJECTIVE To explore the relation of PAF metabolism with liver diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as reflected by the fatty liver index (FLI). METHODS In 106 healthy volunteers, PAF concentration, the activity of its metabolic enzymes, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured in whole blood, leukocytes, and serum, respectively, and the FLI was calculated. Partial correlations and linear regression models were used. RESULTS In males, serum GGT activity was positively correlated with abdominal fat (as assessed by analysis of a manually defined region of interest in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), triacylglycerols, bound-PAF, and Lp-PLA2, while the FLI was positively correlated with Lp-PLA2 activity. In females, serum GGT activity was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (age-adjusted correlations, all p<0.05). Lp-PLA2 was a significant determinant of serum GGT activity in males after controlling for age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and abdominal fat. The addition of bound-PAF in the model significantly increased the explained variance of serum GGT activity (total variance explanation 30%). CONCLUSION Bound-PAF and Lp-PLA2 activity predicted serum GGT activity, while Lp-PLA2 was also related to FLI. Our findings shed light on the metabolic pathways linking Lp-PLA2 to other atherosclerosis and/or oxidative markers, such as HDL-C, LDL-C, GGT, and FLI, and underline the important role of PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University; 70, El. Venizelou St. Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University; 70, El. Venizelou St. Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University; 70, El. Venizelou St. Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University; 70, El. Venizelou St. Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
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Bioactive Ether Lipids: Primordial Modulators of Cellular Signaling. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010041. [PMID: 33430006 PMCID: PMC7827237 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The primacy of lipids as essential components of cellular membranes is conserved across taxonomic domains. In addition to this crucial role as a semi-permeable barrier, lipids are also increasingly recognized as important signaling molecules with diverse functional mechanisms ranging from cell surface receptor binding to the intracellular regulation of enzymatic cascades. In this review, we focus on ether lipids, an ancient family of lipids having ether-linked structures that chemically differ from their more prevalent acyl relatives. In particular, we examine ether lipid biosynthesis in the peroxisome of mammalian cells, the roles of selected glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids in signal transduction in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and finally, the potential therapeutic contributions of synthetic ether lipids to the treatment of cancer.
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Forty Years Since the Structural Elucidation of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF): Historical, Current, and Future Research Perspectives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234414. [PMID: 31816871 PMCID: PMC6930554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the late 1960s, Barbaro and Zvaifler described a substance that caused antigen induced histamine release from rabbit platelets producing antibodies in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Henson described a ‘soluble factor’ released from leukocytes that induced vasoactive amine release in platelets. Later observations by Siraganuan and Osler observed the existence of a diluted substance that had the capacity to cause platelet activation. In 1972, the term platelet-activating factor (PAF) was coined by Benveniste, Henson, and Cochrane. The structure of PAF was later elucidated by Demopoulos, Pinckard, and Hanahan in 1979. These studies introduced the research world to PAF, which is now recognised as a potent phospholipid mediator. Since its introduction to the literature, research on PAF has grown due to interest in its vital cell signalling functions and more sinisterly its role as a pro-inflammatory molecule in several chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. As it is forty years since the structural elucidation of PAF, the aim of this review is to provide a historical account of the discovery of PAF and to provide a general overview of current and future perspectives on PAF research in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Consumption of plant extract supplement reduces platelet activating factor-induced platelet aggregation and increases platelet activating factor catabolism: a randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:982-991. [PMID: 30940217 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent mediator of inflammation that plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary supplement containing mainly plant extracts on PAF actions and metabolism in healthy volunteers. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8 weeks' duration study was performed. Healthy volunteers were randomly allocated into the supplement or the placebo group and fifty-eight of them completed the study. The supplement contained plant extracts (Aloe gel, grape juice, Polygonum cuspidatum) and vitamins. The activities of PAF metabolic enzymes: the two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase, cytidine 5'-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-cholinephosphotransferase) and platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) in leucocytes and lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2 in plasma were measured along with several markers of endothelial function. Platelet aggregation against PAF, ADP and thrombin receptor activating peptide was measured in human platelet-rich plasma by light transmission aggregometry. No difference was observed on soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, sP-selectin and IL-6 levels at the beginning or during the study period between the two groups. Concerning PAF metabolism enzymes' activity, no difference was observed at baseline between the groups. PAF-AH activity was only increased in the supplement group at 4 and 8 weeks compared with baseline levels. In addition, supplement consumption led to lower platelet sensitivity against PAF and ADP compared with baseline levels. However, a trial effect was only observed when platelets were stimulated by PAF. In conclusion, supplementation with plant extracts and vitamins ameliorates platelet aggregation primarily against PAF and secondarily against ADP and affects PAF catabolism by enhancing PAF-acetylhydrolase activity in healthy subjects.
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Abstract
Several epidemiological studies associated the consumption of wine with the reduction of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, as well as for diabetes. These conditions are characterized by inflammatory mechanisms in addition to other biological mechanisms. Acute and chronic inflammation is mediated by a plethora of biomarkers production and pathway activation. Since the health promoting properties of wine in different pathological conditions may include the reduction of inflammation, the aim of this paper was to collect and review the in vitro, in vivo, and human studies performed to evaluate the effects of wine on different models of inflammation. Although great variability in wine intake, period of consumption, and content of phenolic compounds was observed, data from both human and animal studies showed a positive modulation of inflammatory biomarkers (cytokines, coagulation parameters) and oxidative stress (mainly malondialdehyde) involved in cardiovascular function. In addition, some convincing evidence was obtained in different models suggesting a positive modulation of risk factors for gastric and intestinal inflammation. Contradictory results were obtained for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. To date, no significant paper has been published in the area of immune function. Integrating in vivo data and in vitro studies, the NF-κB pathway has been identified as a critical target for the protective properties of a moderate wine consumption.
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Tsoupras A, Lordan R, Zabetakis I. Inflammation, not Cholesterol, Is a Cause of Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E604. [PMID: 29757226 PMCID: PMC5986484 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Seven Countries Study, dietary cholesterol and the levels of serum cholesterol in relation to the development of chronic diseases have been somewhat demonised. However, the principles of the Mediterranean diet and relevant data linked to the examples of people living in the five blue zones demonstrate that the key to longevity and the prevention of chronic disease development is not the reduction of dietary or serum cholesterol but the control of systemic inflammation. In this review, we present all the relevant data that supports the view that it is inflammation induced by several factors, such as platelet-activating factor (PAF), that leads to the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) rather than serum cholesterol. The key to reducing the incidence of CVD is to control the activities of PAF and other inflammatory mediators via diet, exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices. The relevant studies and data supporting these views are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
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Liang H, Pan Z, Zhao X, Liu L, Sun J, Su X, Xu C, Zhou Y, Zhao D, Xu B, Li X, Yang B, Lu Y, Shan H. LncRNA PFL contributes to cardiac fibrosis by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of let-7d. Theranostics 2018; 8:1180-1194. [PMID: 29464008 PMCID: PMC5817119 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cardiac fibrosis is associated with various cardiovascular diseases and can eventually lead to heart failure. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has recently been recognized as one of the key mechanisms involved in cardiac diseases. However, the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in cardiac fibrosis have not been explicitly delineated. Methods and Results: Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we identified a lncRNA NONMMUT022555, which is designated as a pro-fibrotic lncRNA (PFL), and revealed that PFL is up-regulated in the hearts of mice in response to myocardial infarction (MI) as well as in the fibrotic cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). We found that knockdown of PFL by adenoviruses carrying shRNA attenuated cardiac interstitial fibrosis and improved ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in MI mice. Further study showed that forced expression of PFL promoted proliferation, fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and fibrogenesis in mice CFs by regulating let-7d, whereas silencing PFL mitigated TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast generation and fibrogenesis. More importantly, PFL acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of let-7d, as forced expression of PFL reduced the expression and activity of let-7d. Moreover, let-7d levels were decreased in the MI mice and in fibrotic CFs. Inhibition of let-7d resulted in fibrogenesis in CFs, whereas forced expression of let-7d abated fibrogenesis through targeting platelet-activating factor receptor (Ptafr). Furthermore, overexpression of let-7d by adenoviruses carrying let-7d precursor impeded cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function in MI mice. Conclusion: Taken together, our study elucidated the role and mechanism of PFL in cardiac fibrosis, indicating the potential role of PFL inhibition as a novel therapy for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Bozhi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
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Postprandial effects of wine consumption on Platelet Activating Factor metabolic enzymes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 130:23-29. [PMID: 28323197 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet Activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory mediator that is involved in the initiation and the prolongation of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of wine consumption on the activity of PAF metabolic enzymes and on IL-6 levels as a cytokine inflammatory marker. Healthy men participated in 4 daily trials and consumed a standardized meal along with Robola wine (trial R), or Cabernet Sauvignon (trial CS), or ethanol solution (trial E), or water (trial W). A significant trial effect was found in the activity of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (Lyso-PAF AT) (ptrial=0.01). In specific, R trial decreased enzyme activity compared to E trial (p=0.03) while a trend for differentiation was observed between CS trial and E one (p=0.06) as well as between R trial and W one (p=0.07). Concerning PAF-cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) activity, a significant trial effect was found (ptrial<0.00). Specifically, both R (p=0.002) and CS (p=0.001) trials decreased enzyme activity compared to E trial. Concerning lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) no time either trial effect was observed. Concerning IL-6 levels a significant time effect was found (ptime<0.00) while no trial effect was revealed. In conclusion, the protective effect of wine consumption could partly be explained through the modulation of PAF metabolism by wine micro-constituents that lead to lower PAF levels.
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Hirano T, Yamashita S, Takahashi M, Hashimoto H, Mori Y, Goto M. Anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, decreases macrophage infiltration and suppresses atherosclerosis in aortic and coronary arteries in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Metabolism 2016; 65:893-903. [PMID: 27173468 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have demonstrated suppression of aortic atherosclerosis by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in hypercholesterolemic mice. However, it remains unknown whether DPP-4 inhibitors also exert anti-atherogenic effects in coronary arteries. We examined the effect of anagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on atherosclerosis development in the aorta and coronary arteries in a high-cholesterol diet-fed rabbits. METHODS Japanese white rabbits were fed either normal chow (n=8) or a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol (n=34) for 14weeks. Cholesterol-fed rabbits were given 0.3% anagliptin or not in drinking water (each n=16 and 18) for 12weeks. RESULTS Dietary cholesterol intake markedly increased serum total cholesterol (TC) levels (1464±150mg/dL, mean±SE), and the most striking increase was observed among the major lipoproteins in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. No significant changes were observed in body weight, water intake, hemoglobin A1c, or glucose response to intravenous glucose loading following anagliptin administration. Anagliptin decreased TC and VLDL-cholesterol as well as cholesterol absorption markers sitosterol and campesterol slightly, although not significantly. Serum DPP-4 activity was suppressed by 82%, and active glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide levels were increased 2- to 3-fold by anagliptin treatment. Severe hypercholesterolemia resulted in the development of atherosclerosis in the aorta, and the ratio of atherosclerotic lesions to the total aortic surface area was 22±2%. Anagliptin suppressed the lesion ratio to 9±2% (p<0.001). Atherosclerotic lesions were clearly observed in the coronary arteries, where the mean intima-media area was enlarged, and intimal formation was developed. Anagliptin treatment attenuated the intima-media area and the intimal area by 43%. Alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive and macrophage-positive areas in the coronary arteries were suppressed by 66 and 75%, respectively, after anagliptin treatment. The aortic lesion ratio and the coronary intima area were correlated with each other (r=0.506, p<0.01), and each lesion correlated with TC in the whole cholesterol-fed rabbits. Gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the carotid arteries was markedly reduced by approximately 90%, and vascular DPP-4 activity was reduced by 66% after anagliptin treatment. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time that a DPP-4 inhibitor can substantially suppress plaque formation in coronary arteries with a marked reduction in macrophage accumulation likely via its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hirano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoko Yamashita
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., LTD., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., LTD., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hashimoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., LTD., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moritaka Goto
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., LTD., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Platelet-activating factor synthesis and receptor-mediated signaling are downregulated in ovine newborn lungs: relevance in postnatal pulmonary adaptation and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 4:458-69. [PMID: 24924225 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174413000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid with a wide range of biological activities. We studied PAF metabolism and PAF receptor (PAFR) signaling in perinatal ovine lungs to understand PAF's role in transition of the perinatal pulmonary hemodynamics and pathophysiology of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. We hypothesized that downregulation of PAF synthesis with upregulation of PAF catabolism by acetylhydrolase (PAF-Ah) in the newborn lung is needed for fetus-to-newborn pulmonary adaptation. Studies were conducted on fetal and newborn lamb pulmonary arteries (PA), veins (PV) and smooth muscle cells (SMC). PAF metabolism, PAFR binding and cell proliferation were studied by cell culture; gene expression was studied by qPCR. Fetal lungs synthesized 60% more PAF than newborn lungs. Compared with the fetal PVs and SMCs, PAF-Ah activity in newborn was 40-60% greater. PAF-Ah mRNA expression in newborn vessels was different from the expression by fetal PA. PAF-Ah gene clone activity confirmed deletion of hypoxia-sensitive site. PAFR mRNA expression by the PVs and SMC-PV of the fetus and newborn was greater than by corresponding PAs and SMC-PA. Q-PCR study of PAFR expression by the SMC-PV of both groups was greater than SMC-PA. Fetal SMCs bound more PAF than the newborn SMCs. PAFR antagonist, CV-3988, inhibited PAFR binding and DNA synthesis by the fetal SMCs, but augmented binding and DNA synthesis by newborn cells. We show different PAF-PAFR mediated effects in perinatal lungs, suggesting both transcriptional and translational regulation of PAF-Ah and PAFR expression in the perinatal lamb lungs. These indicate that the downregulation of PAF-mediated effects postnatally protects against persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
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Detopoulou P, Fragopoulou E, Nomikos T, Yannakoulia M, Stamatakis G, Panagiotakos DB, Antonopoulou S. The relation of diet with PAF and its metabolic enzymes in healthy volunteers. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:25-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Detopoulou P, Nomikos T, Fragopoulou E, Chrysohoou C, Antonopoulou S. Platelet activating factor in heart failure: potential role in disease progression and novel target for therapy. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2013; 10:122-9. [PMID: 23389700 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-013-0131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome with cardiac, renal, neurohormonal and sympathetic nervous system's manifestations, the pathogenesis of which among others is connected to inflammation. PAF has local and systemic effects pertaining to HF progression since it causes a negative inotropic effect, it induces arrhythmias, it induces apoptosis and it is involved in inflammation and atherosclerosis. In the present review the role of PAF in HF will be thoroughly presented along with the relevant data on PAF enzymes and the potential role of PAF metabolic circuit as a novel pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio-Benakio, Athanasaki 1, Athens, Greece.
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Paricalcitol effects on activities and metabolism of platelet activating factor and on inflammatory cytokines in hemodialysis patients. Int J Artif Organs 2013; 36:87-96. [PMID: 23335378 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paricalcitol improves the inflammatory status of hemodialysis patients. PAF is a strong inflammatory mediator which is produced during hemodialysis. We studied the effects of paricalcitol on PAF and other inflammatory mediators implicated in chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS We examined the in vitro effects of paricalcitol on PAF/thrombin-induced aggregation as well as on the activities of PAF-basic metabolic enzymes, lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (Lyso-PAF-AT), DTT-insensitive CDP-choline: 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephospho-transferase (PAF-CPT) and PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) in blood cells from healthy volunteers. In addition, the in vivo effects of paricalcitol on the above these enzymes were examined in plasma and blood cells of hemodialysis patients who had not received any type of vitamin D treatment during the last three months before and after receiving paricalcitol for a month. Finally, IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were measured. RESULTS Paricalcitol inhibited in vitro PAF/thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and the inhibitory effect was comparable with that of PAF/thrombin antagonists. In addition, paricalcitol inhibited in vitro PAF-CPT activity in platelets and leukocytes and increased PAF-AH activity in leukocytes, while much higher concentrations of paricalcitol were needed to inhibit Lyso-PAF-AT activity. Similarly, in hemodialysis patients, paricalcitol treatment reduced PAF-CPT activity in platelets and leukocytes and increased PAF-AH activity in leukocytes, while it could not influence Lyso-PAF-AT activity. On the other hand, paricalcitol therapy reduced IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS These results further support the beneficial effects of vitamin D treatment in hemodialysis patients, since it strongly affects PAF/thrombin activities, PAF-metabolism, and IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α circulating levels.
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Vlachogianni IC, Nomikos T, Fragopoulou E, Stamatakis GM, Karantonis HC, Antonopoulou S, Demopoulos CA. Interleukin-1beta stimulates platelet-activating factor production in U-937 cells modulating both its biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes. Cytokine 2013; 63:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ntzouvani A, Nomikos T, Petrogianni M, Dede V, Stamatakis G, Manios Y. Effect of fortified milk on lyso‐platelet‐activating factor acetyltranferase and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A
2
in hypercholesterolemic adults. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agathi Ntzouvani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Petrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Dede
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - George Stamatakis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Detopoulou P, Fragopoulou E, Nomikos T, Antonopoulou S, Kotroyiannis I, Vassiliadou C, Panagiotakos DB, Chrysohoou C, Pitsavos C, Stefanadis C. Baseline and 6-Week follow-up levels of PAF and activity of its metabolic enzymes in patients with heart failure and healthy volunteers--a pilot study. Angiology 2012; 64:522-8. [PMID: 23000600 DOI: 10.1177/0003319712458536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the changes in platelet-activating factor (PAF) and its metabolic enzymes over a 6-week follow-up period in patients with newly diagnosed heart failure ([HF] n = 12) compared with age-, sex-, and BMI-matched apparently healthy volunteers (n = 10). The PAF, its key biosynthetic enzymes (lyso-PAF acetyltransferase [lyso-PAF-AT] and dithiothreitol [DTT]-insensitive CDP choline: 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase [PAF-CPT]), and its catabolic isoenzymes (PAF-acetylhydrolase [PAF-AH] and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 [Lp-PLA2]) were measured in serum and leukocytes of participants. At baseline, patients with HF had lower median activities of lyso-PAF-AT (P < .001) and PAF-CPT (P = .07) in parallel with PAF levels (P = .05) and higher activities of PAF-AH (P = .02) and Lp-PLA2 (P < .001) than controls. At follow-up, PAF-CPT and PAF levels marginally increased (P = .1), lyso-PAF-AT (P < .001) remained downregulated, while PAF-AH (P = .004) and Lp-PLA2 (P < .001) remained elevated compared with the controls. Newly diagnosed patients with HF under drug treatment have an affected profile of PAF biosynthetic enzymes and especially lyso-PAF-AT.
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Kolovou V, Papakonstantinou VD, Stamatakis G, Verouti SN, Xanthopoulou MN, Kolovou G, Demopoulos CA. Platelet activating factor levels and metabolism in Tangier disease: a case study. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:89. [PMID: 22769014 PMCID: PMC3499335 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tangier disease (TD) is a phenotypic expression of rare familial syndrome with mutations in the ABCA1 transporter. The risk of coronary artery disease in patients with TD is variable. On the other hand the pivotal role of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) mediator in atheromatosis was found. Plasma lipoproteins are transporters of the PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) in cells and known as lipoprotein-phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in plasma and regulators of PAF levels in blood. In addition, PAF can be biosynthesized from the remodeling and the de novo pathways in which Lyso-platelet activating factor-acetyltransferase (Lyso-PAF-AT) and platelet activating factor-cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) are the regulatory enzymes. The aim of this study is to investigate in a TD patient with a unique mutation (C2033A), the concentration of PAF in blood, the Equivalent Concentration for 50% aggregation (EC50) values of platelet rich plasma (PRP) toward PAF, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin, and the activities of PAF metabolic enzymes Lp-PLA2, PAF-AH, Lyso-PAF-AT and PAF-CPT. Methods The EC50 value of PRP was measured by an aggregometer. The determination of the specific activity of PAF-CPT and Lyso-PAF-AT was made after in vitro enzymatic assay, chromatographic separation and measurement of the produced PAF in a biological assay with washed rabbit platelets. The determination of PAF-AH and Lp-PLA2 was made after an in vitro enzymatic assay from the decay of radioactive PAF. Results The TD patient had lower bound-PAF values in blood, decreased specific activity of PAF-CPT and Lyso-PAF-AT, increased specific activity of PAF-AH in platelets and leukocytes and Lp-PLA2 activity in plasma compared to healthy women. The EC50 of PAF and Thrombin were higher compared to healthy women. Conclusion The increased Lp-PLA2 activity, as well as, the decreased activities of PAF-CPT and Lyso-PAF-AT, explain the decreased bound-PAF level in TD patient and the EC50 of PAF. However, total PAF is in a normal range and this probably can explain one of the reasons this TD patient has no CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vana Kolovou
- Cardiology Department and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.
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Gregson J, Stirnadel-Farrant HA, Doobaree IU, Koro C. Variation of lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 across demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review of the literature. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:11-21. [PMID: 22784637 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein association phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA(2)), an enzyme which has been found in atherosclerotic plaque is currently under investigation in large Phase III clinical trials of vascular disease prevention. We assessed in a variety of different population settings variation of Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity across gender, ethnicity, diabetes, kidney disease and metabolic syndrome. We also assessed correlations with measures of circulating lipids, systemic inflammation and adiposity. METHODS Systematic review of studies measuring Lp-PLA(2) and at least one of the relevant characteristics in >50 participants. RESULTS We identified a total of 77 studies involving 102,499 participants meeting the inclusion criteria. Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity were consistently approximately 10% higher in males than females and 15% higher in Caucasians than African Americans or Hispanics. There were no clear associations of Lp-PLA(2) mass or activity with type II diabetes, markers of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen) or with body mass index. Correlations of Lp-PLA(2) mass or activity with low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were moderate and positive, whilst correlations with high density lipoprotein cholesterol were negative and moderate to weak. There was no clear differences in associations with any of the above characteristics in groups defined based upon prevalent cardiovascular disease or its risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Despite considerable variability in absolute levels of Lp-PLA(2) across studies, the variability of Lp-PLA(2) across gender, ethnicity, and levels of circulating lipids and markers of systemic inflammation are more consistent and appear not to vary importantly across categories defined by CVD or its risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gregson
- Department of Public Healthy and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom.
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Nasopoulou C, Tsoupras AB, Karantonis HC, Demopoulos CA, Zabetakis I. Fish polar lipids retard atherosclerosis in rabbits by down-regulating PAF biosynthesis and up-regulating PAF catabolism. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:213. [PMID: 22087726 PMCID: PMC3229473 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet activating factor (PAF) has been proposed as a key factor and initial trigger in atherosclerosis. Recently, a modulation of PAF metabolism by bioactive food constituents has been suggested. In this study we investigated the effect of fish polar lipid consumption on PAF metabolism. Results The specific activities of four PAF metabolic enzymes; in leukocytes, platelets and plasma, and PAF concentration; either in blood cells or plasma were determined. Samples were acquired at the beginning and at the end of a previously conducted study in male New Zealand white rabbits that were fed for 45 days with atherogenic diet supplemented (group-B, n = 6) or not (group-A, n = 6) with gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) polar lipids. The specific activity of PAF-Acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH); a catabolic enzyme of PAF, was decreased in rabbits' platelets of both A and B groups and in rabbits' leukocytes of group A (p < 0.05). On the other hand the specific activity of Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2); the catabolic enzyme of PAF in plasma was increased in both A and B groups in both leukocytes and platelets (p < 0.05). PAF-cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT); a biosynthetic enzyme of PAF showed increased specific activity only in rabbits' leukocytes of group A (p < 0.05). Neither of the two groups showed any change in Lyso-PAF-acetyltransferase (Lyso-PAF-AT) specific activity (p > 0.05). Free and bound PAF levels increased in group A while decreased in group B (p < 0.05). Conclusions Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) polar lipids modulate PAF metabolism upon atherosclerotic conditions in rabbits leading to lower PAF levels and activity in blood of rabbits with reduced early atherosclerotic lesions compared to control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina Nasopoulou
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of the Aegean, 2 Metropoliti Ioakim,814 00 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
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Detopoulou P, Nomikos T, Fragopoulou E, Stamatakis G, Panagiotakos DB, Antonopoulou S. PAF and its metabolic enzymes in healthy volunteers: interrelations and correlations with basic characteristics. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 97:43-9. [PMID: 22079887 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PAF (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), a potent inflammatory mediator, is synthesized via the remodeling and the de novo route, key enzymes of which are acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (lyso-PAF-AT) and DTT-insensitive CDP-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT), respectively. PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and its extracellular isoform lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) catabolize PAF. This study evaluated PAF levels together with leukocyte PAF-CPT, lyso-PAF-AT, PAF-AH and Lp-PLA(2) activities in 106 healthy volunteers. Men had lower PAF levels and higher activity of both catabolic enzymes and lyso-PAF-AT than women (P-values <0.05). Age was inversely correlated with PAF levels in men (r=-0.279, P=0.06) and lyso-PAF-AT in women (r=-0.280, P=0.05). In contrast, Lp-PLA(2) was positively correlated with age (r=0.201, P=0.04). Moreover, PAF-CPT was positively correlated with glucose (r=0.430, P=0.002) in women. In addition, Principal Component Analysis revealed three PAF metabolic patterns: (i) increased activities of PAF-CPT and PAF-AH, (ii) increased activities of PAF-CPT and lyso-PAF-AT and (iii) increased activity of Lp-PLA(2). The present study underlines the complexity of PAF's metabolism determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 17671, Athens, Greece
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Tsoupras AB, Chini M, Mangafas N, Tsogas N, Stamatakis G, Tsantila N, Fragopoulou E, Antonopoulou S, Gargalianos P, Demopoulos CA, Lazanas MC. Platelet-Activating Factor and Its Basic Metabolic Enzymes in Blood of Naive HIV-Infected Patients. Angiology 2011; 63:343-52. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319711420608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Chini
- 3rd Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Mangafas
- 3rd Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Tsogas
- 3rd Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Stamatakis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Nektaria Tsantila
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Gargalianos
- 1st Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit, “G. Gennimatas” Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Marios C. Lazanas
- 3rd Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Detopoulou P, Nomikos T, Fragopoulou E, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Stefanadis C, Antonopoulou S. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) in leukocytes and body composition in healthy adults. Lipids Health Dis 2009; 8:19. [PMID: 19500354 PMCID: PMC2703628 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) also known as serum platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity constitutes a novel risk marker for cardiovascular disease. Leukocytes constitute one main cellular source of circulating Lp-PLA2. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of both serum and leukocyte PAF-AH activities with fat distribution and lean tissue. One hundred healthy volunteers without cardiovascular disease history participated in this study (n = 52 men, 44 ± 13 years and n = 48 women, 43 ± 13 years). Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, while anthropometrical indices were also measured. The activity of Lp-PLA2 and levels of lipid and glycemic parameters were determined in fasting samples. Results Mean Lp-PLA2 activity was 24.8 ± 4.5 and 19.6 ± 5.0 nmol/min/mL in men and women, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean activity of PAF-AH in leukocyte homogenates was 386 ± 127 pmol/min/mg and 292 ± 92 pmol/min/mg in men and women, correspondingly (P < 0.001). In multiple regression models upper and total adiposity measures were positively associated with Lp-PLA2 activity in men after adjusting for LDL-cholesterol, age, smoking, hs-CRP and physical activity, whereas no associations were found with PAF-AH leukocyte homogenates activity. Hierarchical analysis revealed that the variables with the highest explanatory ability of Lp-PLA2 activity in men, were DXA deriving L1–L4 region of interest and arms fat (increase in R2 = 0.136, P = 0.005 and increase in R2 = 0.118, P = 0.009, respectively), followed by trunk fat and total fat. In women, no association of body composition variables with Lp-PLA2 nor PAF-AH leukocyte homogenates activity was found. Conclusion Lp-PLA2 activity is differentiated across levels of adiposity and topology of adipose tissue, whereas no association was found regarding PAF-AH leukocyte homogenates activity. Our findings suggest that Lp-PLA2 may compensate for the adiposity-associated increases in inflammatory and oxidative burden, in men.
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