1
|
Dardis A, Michelakakis H, Rozenfeld P, Fumic K, Wagner J, Pavan E, Fuller M, Revel-Vilk S, Hughes D, Cox T, Aerts J. Patient centered guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of Gaucher disease type 1. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:442. [PMID: 36544230 PMCID: PMC9768924 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder due to the deficient activity of the acid beta-glucosidase (GCase) enzyme, resulting in the progressive lysosomal accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and its deacylated derivate, glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph). GCase is encoded by the GBA1 gene, located on chromosome 1q21 16 kb upstream from a highly homologous pseudogene. To date, more than 400 GBA1 pathogenic variants have been reported, many of them derived from recombination events between the gene and the pseudogene. In the last years, the increased access to new technologies has led to an exponential growth in the number of diagnostic laboratories offering GD testing. However, both biochemical and genetic diagnosis of GD are challenging and to date no specific evidence-based guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of GD have been published. The objective of the guidelines presented here is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the technical implementation and interpretation of biochemical and genetic testing for the diagnosis of GD to ensure a timely and accurate diagnosis for patients with GD worldwide. The guidelines have been developed by members of the Diagnostic Working group of the International Working Group of Gaucher Disease (IWGGD), a non-profit network established to promote clinical and basic research into GD for the ultimate purpose of improving the lives of patients with this disease. One of the goals of the IWGGD is to support equitable access to diagnosis of GD and to standardize procedures to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, a guideline development group consisting of biochemists and geneticists working in the field of GD diagnosis was established and a list of topics to be discussed was selected. In these guidelines, twenty recommendations are provided based on information gathered through a systematic review of the literature and two different diagnostic algorithms are presented, considering the geographical differences in the access to diagnostic services. Besides, several gaps in the current diagnostic workflow were identified and actions to fulfill them were taken within the IWGGD. We believe that the implementation of recommendations provided in these guidelines will promote an equitable, timely and accurate diagnosis for patients with GD worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Disease, University Hospital of Udine, P.Le Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - H Michelakakis
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - P Rozenfeld
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos Y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - K Fumic
- Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Wagner
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
- International Gaucher Alliance, Dursley, UK
| | - E Pavan
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Disease, University Hospital of Udine, P.Le Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - M Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - S Revel-Vilk
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D Hughes
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust and University College London, London, UK
| | - T Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang D, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS. Chitotriosidase: a marker and modulator of lung disease. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/156/190143. [PMID: 32350087 PMCID: PMC9488994 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0143-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) is a highly conserved and regulated chitinase secreted by activated macrophages; it is a member of the 18-glycosylase family (GH18). CHIT1 is the most prominent chitinase in humans, can cleave chitin and participates in the body's immune response and is associated with inflammation, infection, tissue damage and remodelling processes. Recently, CHIT1 has been reported to be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial asthma, COPD and pulmonary infections, shedding new light on the role of these proteins in lung pathophysiology. The potential roles of CHIT1 in lung diseases are reviewed in this article. This is the first review of chitotriosidase in lung diseasehttp://bit.ly/2LpZUQI
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De Chang
- The 3rd Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Danielson B, Chen CH, Kaber G, Mochly-Rosen D, Grimes K, Stern R, Bollyky PL. Human Chitotriosidase Does Not Catabolize Hyaluronan. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:629-633. [PMID: 29247734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Humans express an enzyme that degrades chitin, called chitotriosidase, despite the fact that we do not produce chitin. One possible explanation for this is that chitinase also degrades hyaluronan, a polysaccharide that is abundant in human tissues and shares structural attributes in common with chitinase. The objective of this study was to determine whether human chitotriosidase is capable of hydrolyzing hyaluronan. Hyaluronan of various sizes under a range of pH conditions displayed no degradation when incubated with various chitinases over a period of 5 days, while commercial hyaluronidase readily digested the hyaluronan. Under the same conditions, recombinant chitinase but not our negative control chitinase, was able to digest chitosan. We conclude that human chitinase does not digest hyaluronan. Because chitin is a prominent component of certain fungi and insects, it seems likely that human chitinase evolved for roles in host defense rather than serving to catabolize the endogenous polymer hyaluronan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Danielson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Operations, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Operations, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Grimes
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Operations, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Stern
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Touro-Harlem College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Popević S, Šumarac Z, Jovanović D, Babić D, Stjepanović M, Jovičić S, Šobić-Šaranović D, Filipović S, Gvozdenović B, Omčikus M, Milovanović A, Videnović-Ivanov J, Radović A, Žugić V, Mihailović-Vučinić V. Verifying Sarcoidosis Activity: Chitotriosidase versus ACE in Sarcoidosis - a Case-control Study. J Med Biochem 2016; 35:390-400. [PMID: 28670191 PMCID: PMC5471634 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Until now, a proper biomarker(s) to evaluate sarcoidosis activity has not been recognized. The aims of this study were to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the two biomarkers of sarcoidosis activity already in use (serum angiotensin converting enzyme – ACE and serum chitotriosidase) in a population of 430 sarcoidosis patients. The activities of these markers were also analyzed in a group of 264 healthy controls. Methods Four hundred and thirty biopsy positive sarcoidosis patients were divided into groups with active and inactive disease, and groups with acute or chronic disease. In a subgroup of 55 sarcoidosis patients, activity was also assessed by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) scanning. Both serum chitotriosidase and ACE levels showed non-normal distribution, so nonparametric tests were used in statistical analysis. Results Serum chitotriosidase activities were almost 6 times higher in patients with active sarcoidosis than in healthy controls and inactive disease. A serum chitotriosidase value of 100 nmol/mL/h had the sensitivity of .5% and specificity of 70.0%. A serum ACE activity cutoff value of 32.0 U/L had the sensitivity of 66.0% and the specificity of 54%. A statistically significant correlation was obtained between the focal granulomatous activity detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT and serum chitotriosidase levels, but no such correlation was found with ACE. The levels of serum chitotriosidase activity significantly correlated with the disease duration (P < 0.0001). Also, serum chitotriosidase significantly correlated with clinical outcome status (COS) categories (ρ =0.272, P =0.001). Conclusions Serum chitotriosidase proved to be a reliable biomarker of sarcoidosis activity and disease chronicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spasoje Popević
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Šumarac
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Jovanović
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Babić
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Snežana Jovičić
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Šobić-Šaranović
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Filipović
- Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Maja Omčikus
- Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anđela Milovanović
- Clinic for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ana Radović
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Žugić
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Violeta Mihailović-Vučinić
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Regenboog M, van Kuilenburg AB, Verheij J, Swinkels DW, Hollak CE. Hyperferritinemia and iron metabolism in Gaucher disease: Potential pathophysiological implications. Blood Rev 2016; 30:431-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
6
|
Di Rosa M, Tibullo D, Cambria D, Distefano G, Saccone S, Di Raimondo F, Malaguarnera L. Chitotriosidase Expression during Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Differentiation and Maturation. Inflammation 2016; 38:2082-91. [PMID: 26026464 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chitotriosidase (CHIT-1) is a glycosyl hydrolase (GH), which has been found highly expressed in activated macrophages and in different monocyte-derived cell lines such as Kupffer cells and osteoclasts, as well is differently produced in diverse stages of macrophage polarization (M1 and M2). Recent finding suggests that CHIT-1 plays a crucial role in innate and acquired immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a complex group of cells that play a critical role in immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of CHIT-1 during the differentiation and maturation of DCs. Magnetically-isolated peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated toward immature DCs (iDC) and mature DCs (mDCs). Our results showed, for the first time, that CHIT-1 is expressed during the process of differentiation and maturation of DCs in a time-dependent manner. We found that CHIT1 is evenly distributed in cytoplasm of both the iDCs and mDCs. Additionally, a significantly increased expression of CHIT1 mRNA and protein was observed in mature DCs. These results suggest that CHIT-1 play an important role in the DCs immunoresponse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Bio-medical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Italy
| | - Daniela Cambria
- Department of Bio-medical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gisella Distefano
- Department of Bio-medical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Italy
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Department of Bio-medical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Time-Dependent Increase of Chitinase1 in APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1604-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
8
|
Macrophage-derived soluble CD163 level in young patients with Gaucher disease: relation to phenotypes, disease severity and complications. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 24:416-422. [PMID: 25587690 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone and lung involvement are two major causes of morbidity in Gaucher disease (GD). The soluble form of CD163 (sCD163) is a valuable diagnostic biomarker for monitoring diseases with increased macrophage activation. We determined sCD163 levels in 30 children and adolescence with GD compared with 30 healthy controls and assessed the relation to phenotypes, disease severity and complications. METHODS Thirty GD patients (10 had type 1 and 20 had type 3) were studied stressing on skeletal, pulmonary or neurological manifestations, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), hematological profile, plasma chitotriosidase activity, D-dimer and sCD163. Liver and spleen volumes and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed. RESULTS sCD163 levels were markedly elevated in patients compared with controls. D-dimer, chitotriosidase activity and sCD163 levels were significantly increased in type 3 GD patients compared with type 1. sCD163 was significantly elevated in GD patients with dysphagia, developmental delay, pulmonary hypertension risk or abnormal BMD (osteopenia/osteoporosis) than those without. GD patients receiving ERT every 2weeks had lower levels than those under ERT for more than 2weeks. sCD163 was positively correlated with age, disease duration, severity score index, D-dimer and chitotriosidase activity. The cutoff value of sCD163 at 9400ng/mL could differentiate GD patients with and without pulmonary hypertension risk with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 95%. CONCLUSIONS sCD163 is a biomarker for the clinical assessment of macrophage proliferation and activity that would help in risk prediction of bone and lung involvement and monitoring treatment response.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pacheco N, Uribe A. Enzymatic analysis of biomarkers for the monitoring of Gaucher patients in Colombia. Gene 2013; 521:129-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Mitrovic M, Sumarac Z, Antic D, Bogdanovic A, Elezovic I, Vukosavljevic D, Ignjatovic S, Majkic-Singh N, Suvajdzic N. Markers of coagulation activation and enhanced fibrinolysis in Gaucher type 1 patient: Effects of enzyme replacement therapy. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 49:58-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Kanneganti M, Kamba A, Mizoguchi E. Role of chitotriosidase (chitinase 1) under normal and disease conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:1-9. [PMID: 23439988 DOI: 10.2174/1875044301205010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian chitinases belong to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family based on structural homology and the family includes a large number of bacterial and eukaryotic chitinases. Among the mammalian chitinases, chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) are capable of hydrolyzing the β-(1, 4)-linkage between the adjacent N-acetyl glucosamine residues of chitin. CHIT1 is one of the most abundantly secreted proteins, being mainly produced by activated macrophages and epithelial cells. CHIT1 plays a pivotal role in the context of infectious disease including malaria and fungi infections as a host defense towards chitin in pathogen's cell structure and as a diagnostic marker of disease. In contrast, CHI1 released by activated Kupffer cells in liver could induce hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Increased serum levels of CHIT1 were observed in patients with many disorders, including Gaucher's disease, bronchial asthma, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, CHIT1 seems to have dual (regulatory and pathogenic) roles depending on the disease and producing cell types during the inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Kanneganti
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|