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The Role of the Gastric Hormones Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 in Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011059
expr 982648605 + 846360072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin and nesfatin-1 are enteroendocrine peptide hormones expressed in rat X/A-like and human P/D1cells of the gastric mucosa. Besides their effect on food intake, both peptides are also implicated in various other physiological systems. One of these is the reproductive system. This present review illustrates the distribution of ghrelin and nesfatin-1 along the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, their modulation by reproductive hormones, and effects on reproductive functions as well as highlighting gaps in current knowledge to foster further research.
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The Role of the Gastric Hormones Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 in Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11059. [PMID: 34681721 PMCID: PMC8539660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011059&set/a 934136356+984013925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin and nesfatin-1 are enteroendocrine peptide hormones expressed in rat X/A-like and human P/D1cells of the gastric mucosa. Besides their effect on food intake, both peptides are also implicated in various other physiological systems. One of these is the reproductive system. This present review illustrates the distribution of ghrelin and nesfatin-1 along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, their modulation by reproductive hormones, and effects on reproductive functions as well as highlighting gaps in current knowledge to foster further research.
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Schalla MA, Stengel A. The Role of the Gastric Hormones Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 in Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011059. [PMID: 34681721 PMCID: PMC8539660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin and nesfatin-1 are enteroendocrine peptide hormones expressed in rat X/A-like and human P/D1cells of the gastric mucosa. Besides their effect on food intake, both peptides are also implicated in various other physiological systems. One of these is the reproductive system. This present review illustrates the distribution of ghrelin and nesfatin-1 along the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, their modulation by reproductive hormones, and effects on reproductive functions as well as highlighting gaps in current knowledge to foster further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A. Schalla
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Dotania K, Tripathy M, Rai U. A comparative account of nesfatin-1 in vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 312:113874. [PMID: 34331938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 was discovered as an anorexigenic peptide derived from proteolytic cleavage of the prepropeptide, nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2). It is widely expressed in central as well as peripheral tissues and is known to have pleiotropic effects such as regulation of feeding, reproduction, cardiovascular functions and maintenance of glucose homeostasis. In order to execute its multifaceted role, nesfatin-1 employs diverse signaling pathways though its receptor has not been identified till date. Further, nesfatin-1 is reported to be under the regulatory effect of feeding state, nutritional status as well as several metabolic and reproductive hormones. This peptide has also been associated with variety of human diseases, especially metabolic, reproductive, cardiovascular and mental disorders. The current review is aimed to present a consolidated picture and highlight lacunae for further investigation in order to develop a deeper comprehensive understanding on physiological significance of nesfatin-1 in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mamta Tripathy
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110008, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Aktulay A, Engin-Ustun Y, Kaymak O, Ozgu-Erdinc AS, Demirtas C, Kara M, Danisman N, Erkaya S. Levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 in hyperemesis gravidarum. Interv Med Appl Sci 2021; 11:213-215. [PMCID: PMC9467383 DOI: 10.1556/1646.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a gut-derived peptide has been reported to have insulin-like effects. Our aim is to examine GLP1 levels in hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG). Materials-methods The study population consisted of 2 groups: Group 1 (control subjects) consisted of 22 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies in the first trimester. Group 2 consisted of 22 singleton pregnancies complicated by HEG. Glucose and GLP1 levels were determined. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit for Glucagon like Peptide 1 (GLP1) was used (Uscn, Life Science Inc.). Results No significant differences in maternal age, gestational age and gravida were observed between hypermetric and control groups. Maternal serum GLP1 levels were significantly higher in HEG compared with control group (P = 0.004). Conclusion The results of our study revealed that the presence of increased GLP1 levels in women with HEG could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Our results indicated that increased GLP1 levels may be associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. The limitation of our study was the restricted number of patients. Large prospective and randomized studies are required to evaluate the effect of GLP1 levels on hyperemesis gravidarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Aktulay
- 1Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y Engin-Ustun
- 1Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Kaymak
- 1Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Seval Ozgu-Erdinc
- 1Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Demirtas
- 2Biochemistry Department, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kara
- 1Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuri Danisman
- 1Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Erkaya
- 1Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Ioannidou P, Papanikolaou D, Mikos T, Mastorakos G, Goulis DG. Predictive factors of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 238:178-187. [PMID: 31126753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is the main cause of hospitalization during the first trimester of pregnancy. Although it has been associated with serious complications, little is known about its predictive factors. The aim of this systematic review was to search for and critically appraise the studies that investigate the predictive factors for HG. METHODS Search strategy included PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE databases (till December 2017). All studies examining risk factors for HG were included. Screening of available studies was carried out by two reviewers, as well as the quality assessment of the included studies, based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. RESULTS The search located 308 articles, of which 14 observational studies (four low-, eight medium- and two high-quality), involving 1400 women who met the eligibility criteria. In four studies, there was no association between Helicobacter (H.) Pylori infection and HG, in contrast to two studies which demonstrated such an association. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), adipose tissue, maternal age, leptin, ghrelin, beta-chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), total (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4) correlated with HG in various studies, and could be considered as predictive markers. Regarding the high-quality evidence, a cohort study associated leptin and nephatin-1 with HG, whereas a cross-sectional study found no association between H. pylori infection and HG. CONCLUSIONS More studies of high quality and adequate sample size have to be carried out to identify the predictive factors for HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Ioannidou
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Papanikolaou
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Mikos
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus and Metabolism, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Austin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Kelley Wilson
- Clinical Nutrition Services; University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Sumona Saha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison Wisconsin USA
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Legg-St Pierre CB, Mackova M, Miskiewicz EI, Hemmings DG, Unniappan S, MacPhee DJ. Insulinotropic nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 is dynamically expressed in the haemochorial mouse and human placenta. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:519-532. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the physiological bridge between mother and fetus and has life-sustaining functions during pregnancy, including metabolic regulation, fetal protection and hormone secretion. Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) is a calcium- and DNA-binding protein and precursor of nesfatin-1, a signalling peptide with multiple functions, including regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose transport. These are also key functions of the placenta, yet NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression has never been comprehensively studied in this organ. In the present study, mouse placental samples from Embryonic Day (E) 7.5 to E17.5 and human chorionic villi from the first and second trimester, as well as term pregnancy, were analysed for NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression by immunohistochemistry with an antiserum that recognised both NUCB2 and nesfatin-1. From E7.5 to E9.5, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was expressed in the ectoplacental cone, then parietal trophoblast giant cells and early spongiotrophoblast. At E10.5–12.5, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression became detectable in the developing labyrinth. From E12.5 and onwards, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was expressed in the glycogen trophoblast cells, as well as highly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast, sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells and fetal capillary endothelial cells of the labyrinth. In all trimesters of human pregnancy, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was highly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast. In addition, there was a significant increase in NUCB2 expression in human primary trophoblast cells induced to syncytialise. Thus, the haemochorial mammalian placenta is a novel source of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 and likely a site of its action, with potential roles in glucose homeostasis and/or nutrient sensing.
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Chen L, Peng Z, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Yang W. Current and prospective sights in mechanism of deoxynivalenol-induced emesis for future scientific study and clinical treatment. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:784-791. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
| | - Andreas K. Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center; University of Tübingen; Schnarrenbergstr. 95 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
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Ozturk G, Ozgu-Erdinc AS, Ucar F, Ginis Z, Erden G, Danisman N. Concentrations of prealbumin and some appetite-controlling hormones in pregnancies associated with hyperemesis gravidarium. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 54:258-263. [PMID: 27235705 DOI: 10.1177/0004563216654724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyperemesis gravidarum, which affects 0.3-2.3% of pregnancies, is defined as excessive vomiting during pregnancy and usually starts in week 4 or 5 of gestation. Symptoms include weight loss, dehydration, ketonaemia, ketonuria, fasting acidosis, alkalosis due to hydrochloric acid loss and hypokalaemia and its exact cause is unknown. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between prealbumin, ghrelin, nesfatin-1 and obestatin concentrations in pregnancies associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. Methods A total of 40 pregnant females with hyperemesis gravidarum and 38 pregnant females without hyperemesis gravidarum as controls were included in this study. Serum concentrations of prealbumin, ghrelin, obestatin and nesfatin-1 were measured. Results There were no significant differences in age, gestational week, gravidity and parity between the two groups. Body mass index was significantly lower in cases than in controls. Serum ghrelin and prealbumin concentrations were significantly lower in cases than in controls ( P <0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in serum concentrations of obestatin and nesfatin-1 between the two groups. There was no significant association between body mass index and serum ghrelin, nesfatin-1, obestatin or prealbumin concentrations in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. Conclusions Decreased serum concentrations of ghrelin and prealbumin in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum are independent of body mass index. Based on our results, we believe that ghrelin may be considered to play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum and that hyperemesis gravidarum may result in disruption of the relationship between nesfatin-1 and ghrelin. In addition, we believe that the measurement of serum prealbumin may be used for assessing nutritional status in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulfer Ozturk
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Seval Ozgu-Erdinc
- 2 Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Care Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ucar
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ginis
- 3 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gonul Erden
- 4 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuri Danisman
- 2 Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Care Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Kosus A, Eser A, Kosus N, Usluogullari B, Hizli D. Hyperemesis gravidarum and its relation with maternal body fat composition. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2016; 36:822-826. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2016.1157153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Serin S, Bakacak M, Ercan Ö, Köstü B, Avci F, Arıkan D, Kıran G. The evaluation of Nesfatin-1 levels in patients with and without intrauterine growth restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:1409-13. [PMID: 26043295 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1049524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate Nesfatin-1 levels in patients with and without intrauterine growth restriction and to analyze the correlation between Nesfatin-1 levels and fetal birth weights. METHODS This study comprised a total of 81 cases; 41 patients with IUGR and 40 healthy cases. Demographic data, pregnancy weeks, fetal birth weights and Nesfatin-1 levels were all recorded. The Nesfatin-1 levels were compared between the groups and the correlation between fetal birth weights and Nesfatin-1 levels was analyzed. RESULTS No statistical significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of demographic data (p > 0.05). Average birth weights were determined as 3420 ± 259 g in the control group and 2041 ± 350 g in the IUGR group, which was found to be statistically unequal (p = 0.001). The average Nesfatin levels in the control group were 0.069 ± 0.011 and 0.094 ± 0.042 in the IUGR group. This difference was statistically unequal (p = 0.001). While no correlation was determined between Nesfatin levels and fetal birthweights in the control group (r = -0.034 versus p = 0.836), in the IUGR group and when all the cases were evaluated together, a statistically moderately significant negative correlation was determined (r = -0.469, p = 0.002 and r = -0.251, p = 0.024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although intrauterine growth is a multifactorial process, the effect mechanism has not yet been established. The results of this study offer some indications about the possible effect of Nesfatin 1 on fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Serin
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Tatvan State Hospital , Bitlis , Turkey
| | - Murat Bakacak
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, School of Medicine , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey , and
| | - Önder Ercan
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, School of Medicine , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey , and
| | - Bülent Köstü
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, School of Medicine , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey , and
| | - Fazıl Avci
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Patnos State Hospital , Ağrı , Turkey
| | - Deniz Arıkan
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, School of Medicine , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey , and
| | - Gürkan Kıran
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, School of Medicine , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey , and
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Gut satiety hormones and hyperemesis gravidarum. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 292:1225-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Khoshdel A, Kheiri S, Hashemi-Dehkordi E, Nasiri J, Shabanian-Borujeni S, Saedi E. The effect of Ramadan fasting on LH, FSH, oestrogen, progesterone and leptin in pregnant women. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 34:634-8. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.920791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Catak Z, Aydin S, Sahin I, Kuloglu T, Aksoy A, Dagli AF. Regulatory neuropeptides (ghrelin, obestatin and nesfatin-1) levels in serum and reproductive tissues of female and male rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:167-77. [PMID: 24786976 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although, the exact mechanisms underlying the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are not still completely understood, obesity, circulated peptide hormone levels and their interaction with genetic factors are considered largely responsible. The purpose of this study is to explore how the levels of ghrelin, obestatin (OBS) and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 (NES)/NUCB2 change in serum and the reproductive tissues of female and male rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome, and whether the levels of each hormone is correlated with the hormones involved with fertility. Experiments were conducted on 5-week-old Sprague-Dawley male and female rats assigned to either a control group or a MetS group. Controls were fed standard rat food and water ad libitum, while the MetS group was fed standard food with 10% (v/v) fructose solution added to their drinking water for 12 weeks with a 12/12h photoperiod circle. Then, all animals were sacrificed after a one night fast. Peptides levels in the serum and reproductive tissues of rats were studied using the ELISA method while the immunoreactivity of reproductive system peptide hormones were shown by immunohistochemical staining method. Furthermore, the other biochemical parameters were measured using Konelab-60 equipment and infertility hormones were measured with Immulite2000. Fasting serum insulin, glucose, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were statistically significantly higher, and the amount of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower, in the MetS groups. Serum and tissue supernatant NES levels were significantly higher in the rats with MetS than the control group. Ghrelin, OBS and NES were expressed in the cytoplasm, concentrated around the apical parts of the epithelial cells in the reproductive tissues of the rats. The amounts of ghrelin were lower in the reproductive tissues of the animals with MetS, while NES levels in the same tissues increased. Obestatin also decreased, though not in the seminal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekiye Catak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Medical School, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Medical School, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Sahin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Medical School, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey; Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Erzincan University, 24030 Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Kuloglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Aziz Aksoy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Medical School, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bitlis Eren University, 13000 Bitlis, Turkey
| | - Adile Ferda Dagli
- Department of Medical Pathology, Medical School, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
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Wu D, Yang M, Chen Y, Jia Y, Ma ZA, Boden G, Li L, Yang G. Hypothalamic nesfatin-1/NUCB2 knockdown augments hepatic gluconeogenesis that is correlated with inhibition of mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway in rats. Diabetes 2014; 63:1234-47. [PMID: 24478398 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, an 82-amino acid neuropeptide, has recently been characterized as a potent metabolic regulator. However, the metabolic mechanisms and signaling steps directly associated with the action of nesfatin-1 have not been well delineated. We established a loss-of-function model of hypothalamic nesfatin-1/NUCB2 signaling in rats through an adenoviral-mediated RNA interference. With this model, we found that inhibition of central nesfatin-1/NUCB2 activity markedly increased food intake and hepatic glucose flux and decreased glucose uptake in peripheral tissue in rats fed either a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). The change of hepatic glucose fluxes in the hypothalamic nesfatin-1/NUCB2 knockdown rats was accompanied by increased hepatic levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and PEPCK and decreased insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, and AKT kinase phosphorylation. Furthermore, knockdown of hypothalamic nesfatin-1 led to decreased phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the subsequent suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 levels. These results demonstrate that hypothalamic nesfatin-1/NUCB2 plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and hepatic insulin sensitivity, which is, at least in part, associated with the activation of the mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Boregowda G, Shehata HA. Gastrointestinal and liver disease in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2014; 27:835-53. [PMID: 24207084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This chapter on the gastrointestinal and hepatic systems in pregnancy focusses on those conditions that are frequent and troublesome (gastro-oesophageal reflux and constipation), distressing (hyperemesis gravidarum) or potentially fatal (obstetric cholestasis, acute fatty liver of pregnancy and HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome). It also highlights the clinical challenge obstetricians may face in managing rare conditions such as the Budd-Chiari syndrome, liver transplantation, primary biliary cirrhosis and Wilson disease. The clinical presentation of liver and gastrointestinal dysfunction in pregnancy is not specific, and certain 'abnormalities' may represent physiological changes of pregnancy. Diagnosis and management are often difficult because of atypical symptoms, a reluctance to use invasive investigations and concerns about the teratogenicity of the medications. The best available evidence to manage these conditions is discussed in the chapter.
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Abstract
The recently discovered nesfatin-1 is regulated by hunger and satiety. The precursor protein NUCB2 is proteolytically cleaved into three resulting fragments: nesfatin-1, nesfatin-2, and nesfatin-3. The middle segment of nesfatin-1 (M30) is responsible for limiting food intake, while the exact physiological role of nesfatin-2 and nesfatin-3 are not currently known yet. This hormone plays role/roles on diabetic hyperphagia, epilepsy, mood, stress, sleeping, anxiety, hyperpolarization, depolarization, and reproductive functions. This review will address nesfatin, focusing on its discovery and designation, biochemical structure, scientific evidence of its anorexigenic character, the results of the human and animal studies until the present day, its main biochemical and physiological effects, and its possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Medical School, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey,
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