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Chu DK, Koplin JJ, Ahmed T, Islam N, Chang CL, Lowe AJ. How to Prevent Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) in 2024: Theory and Evidence. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1695-1704. [PMID: 38703820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. We review emerging concepts and clinical evidence addressing the pathogenesis and prevention of AD. We examine several interventions ranging from skin barrier enhancement strategies to probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics; and conversely, from antimicrobial exposure to vitamin D and omega fatty acid supplementation; breastfeeding and hydrolyzed formula; and house dust mite avoidance and immunotherapy. We appraise the available evidence base within the context of the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We also contextualize our findings in relation to concepts relating AD and individual-patient allergic life trajectories versus a linear concept of the atopic march and provide insights into future knowledge gaps and clinical trial design considerations that must be addressed in forthcoming research. Finally, we provide implementation considerations to detect population-level differences in AD risk. Major international efforts are required to provide definitive evidence regarding what works and what does not for preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Chu
- Evidence in Allergy Group, Department Medicine and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Food Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tasnuva Ahmed
- Evidence in Allergy Group, Department Medicine and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Evidence in Allergy Group, Department Medicine and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Centre for Food Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Centre for Food Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Schürer NY, Symanzik C, Kukshausen O, Stürmer R. Correlation of non-invasive psycho-physiological and skin-physiological measures. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13745. [PMID: 38853249 PMCID: PMC11162891 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychological stress alters epidermal barrier function. While intensive studies on the underlying mechanism have been performed in mice, human studies are limited. Non-invasive skin-physiology measures have not yet been directly linked to non-invasive psycho-physiological assessments. METHODS Standard measures of (I) transepidermal water loss prior to and after experimental barrier perturbation via tape stripping, (II) skin surface pH, (III) electrodermal activity, and (IV) heart rate function were taken over a 24 h time period. To document perceived stress, a standardized stress self-assessment questionnaire, namely the Trierer Inventar zum chronischen Stress (TICS), was utilized. RESULTS Twenty healthy, Caucasian (Fitzpatrick skin phototype I-II), female volunteers (21-32 years, mean age 27, SD = 3.67 years) were included in this study (random sample). Significant correlations were shown for 24 h delta transepidermal water loss changes, that is, barrier repair kinetics (sympathetic activity) and heart rate variability (parasympathetic activity). Further correlations were noted for electrodermal activity and skin surface pH. Perceived stress, as documented by the TICS questionnaire, did not correlate with psycho- and skin physiological parameters, respectively. CONCLUSION The presented approaches may provide a basis for non-invasive objective research on the correlation between psychological stressors and epidermal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Y. Schürer
- Department of DermatologyEnvironmental Medicine and Health TheoryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Cara Symanzik
- Department of DermatologyEnvironmental Medicine and Health TheoryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Olga Kukshausen
- Department of DermatologyEnvironmental Medicine and Health TheoryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Ralf Stürmer
- Psyrecon Research & Consulting Institute for Applied Psychophysiological ResearchWuppertalGermany
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Silva Carvalho R, Nóbrega Cardoso RK, Teixeira Amorim Dos Santos LA, Xavier Sales Dos Santos M, Leocadio Santos Neto E, Zamora Restan WA, Savinov A, Paul A, Agy Loureiro B. Effect of feeding black soldier fly larvae meal based diet on canine skin barrier function, organic antioxidant defence and blood biochemistry. Arch Anim Nutr 2024; 78:159-177. [PMID: 39037852 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2024.2375463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Black soldier fly meal in pet diets is gaining acceptance. This study aimed to assess the use of black soldier fly larvae defatted meal (BSFL) and its impact on blood parameters, biochemical markers, organic antioxidant capacity, skin barrier function and skin and coat quality. A cross-over study involved eight beagle dogs with two periods of 50 days each and a washout period of seven days in between. Two approximately iso-nutritive extruded diets were evaluated, the first containing 29.5% BSFL meal and a control diet containing 26% poultry by-product meal (PBP) as protein source. Skin and coat evaluations and blood collections were conducted before and after each period. Skin barrier function was assessed by measurement of trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) in belly and pinna of the dogs on days 0, 15, 30, and 45 of each period. A trend for higher antioxidant effect significant reduction in serum scavenging capacity was found with PBP for BSFL diet trough malondialdehyde and Vitamin E measurement in dog's serum 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. When fed PBP diet dogs exhibited reduction in serum cholesterol triglycerides and decreased LDL levels after 50 days, while dogs fed BSFL presented significant reduction in ALT. TEWL was significantly reduced in belly and pinna over time when dogs were fed BSFL, and TEWL in belly was significantly lower in dogs fed BSFL in comparison to PBP. while Increased SCH was also higher for the BSFL group observed in the same along the feeding period in comparison to PBP, indicating improved ability of the dogs to retain water and keep skin moisture. Improvement skin barrier function could be related to fatty acids from BSFL and increased sebaceous lipids in skin. These are responsible for to avoid water loss and improve skin protection against microbial insults. Inclusion of BSFL as protein source did not promote negative changes in blood biochemistry and had minor antioxidant effect in healthy dogs. However, it proved effective in improving skin barrier function, making BSFL a valuable alternative protein source for dogs, particularly those with sensitive skin or allergies manifesting on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Silva Carvalho
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruna Agy Loureiro
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Turnbull MJ, Grigsby I, Unertl K, Sokol K, Nordby T, Liu C, Bailey A, Spiewak B, Smith G, McNulty AK. Comparison of Medical Tape Performance Using Skin Response Quantitative Measurements on Healthy Volunteers. Cureus 2024; 16:e56548. [PMID: 38646282 PMCID: PMC11027027 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical tapes can lead to skin damage upon removal in susceptible patients with fragile skin and at higher risk of developing tissue injury. PURPOSE We compared the effect of medical tapes with silicone-based versus acrylate-based adhesives on the back or volar forearm stratum corneum using analytical techniques to assess skin condition and potential damage post product removal on 88 healthy volunteers. METHODS Two studies were conducted in separate facilities (Study 1: 3M In-house Clinical Facility, St. Paul, Minnesota; Study 2: DermiCo, LLC, Broomall, Pennsylvania). Four commercially available tapes were the same in both studies, two for each type of adhesive. We evaluated adhesion to the skin, total proteins and corneocytes removed by the tapes, changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and induction of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1a). RESULTS One of the silicone tapes displayed the strongest adhesion at 24 hours, and one of the acrylate tapes had the lowest adhesion, showing differences in performance within adhesive categories. The adhesion forces did not correlate with the amount of total protein or corneocytes removed. Silicone adhesives removed less total protein and corneocytes than acrylate adhesives. Silicone adhesives did not alter TEWL, whereas acrylate adhesives significantly raised TEWL. There were no differences in interleukin-1alpha induction. CONCLUSION The silicone adhesive tapes were less disruptive to the skin barrier than the acrylate adhesive tapes, even in healthy volunteers whose skin is not as fragile as what is observed in typical patients. This type of data could guide clinical product usage decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iwen Grigsby
- Medical Solutions Division, 3M Health Care, St. Paul, USA
| | - Karl Unertl
- Medical Solutions Division, 3M Health Care, St. Paul, USA
| | - Kerry Sokol
- Medical Solutions Division, 3M Health Care, St. Paul, USA
| | - Tera Nordby
- Global Medical and Clinical Affairs, 3M Health Care, St. Paul, USA
| | - Cedric Liu
- Medical Solutions Division, 3M Health Care, St. Paul, USA
| | - Anna Bailey
- Medical Solutions Division, 3M Health Care, St. Paul, USA
| | - Brian Spiewak
- Medical Solutions Division, 3M Health Care, St. Paul, USA
| | - Graham Smith
- Global Medical and Clinical Affairs, 3M Health Care, St. Paul, USA
| | - Amy K McNulty
- Medical Solutions Division, 3M Health Care, St. Paul, USA
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Sivakumar A, Sharma R, Thota C, Ding D, Fan X. WASP: Wearable Analytical Skin Probe for Dynamic Monitoring of Transepidermal Water Loss. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4407-4416. [PMID: 37953512 PMCID: PMC10683758 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of skin barrier dysfunction helps provide timely preventive care against diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, food allergies, and other atopic skin disorders. Skin barrier function is commonly evaluated by measuring the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) through stratum corneum due to its noninvasive characteristics. However, existing commercial TEWL devices are significantly affected by many factors, such as ambient temperature, humidity, air flow, water accumulation, initial water contents on the skin surface, bulky sizes, high costs, and requirements for well-controlled environments. Here, we developed a wearable closed-chamber hygrometer-based TEWL device (Wearable Analytical Skin Probe, WASP) and the related algorithm for accurate and continuous monitoring of skin water vapor flux. The WASP uses short dry air purges to dry the skin surface and chamber before each water vapor flux measurement. Its design ensures a highly controlled local environment, such as consistent initial dry conditions for the skin surface and the chamber. We further applied WASP to measure the water vapor flux from six different locations of a small group of human participants. It is found that the WASP can not only measure and distinguish between insensible sweating (i.e., TEWL) and sensible sweating (i.e., thermal sweating) but also track skin dehydration-rehydration cycles. Comparisons with a commercial TEWL device, AquaFlux, show that the results obtained by both devices agree well. The WASP will be broadly applicable to clinical, cosmetic, and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali
Devi Sivakumar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Max
Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Max
Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chandrakalavathi Thota
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Max
Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ding Ding
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Max
Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Detudom P, Kamanamool N, Paichitrojjana A, Udompataikul P, Udompataikul M. Efficacy of anti-sebum moisturizing cream containing 2% l-carnitine and 5% epigallocatechin gallate in seborrhea: A randomized clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3058-3064. [PMID: 37194909 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seborrhea leads to facial greasiness and unpleasant feeling. People with seborrhea also have trouble with selecting moisturizers. l-Carnitine and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) are reported anti-sebum properties. However, neither efficacy comparison nor the combination effect of the two topical anti-sebum agents was studied. Moisturizing cream with these agents is supposed to provide skin with an optimal water-oil balance. AIMS To compare the efficacy of moisturizer containing 2% l-carnitine or 5% EGCG alone on sebum controlling, and the synergistic effect of these two agents. METHODS Three study creams were formulated by adding three kinds of anti-sebum agents which were 2% l-carnitine, 5% EGCG, and 2% l-carnitine plus 5% EGCG in moisturizing cream base of dimethicone and glycerin. A randomized clinical trial was conducted. Ninety subjects, divided into three groups, applied the cream for 4 weeks. Sebum level, skin capacitance, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were evaluated at Weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4. Life qualities and subjective outcomes were assessed before and after treatment. RESULTS The mean sebum reduction from baseline was statistically significant in all treatment groups (p < 0.01). The median time to oil control was longer in l-carnitine group. The combine group had significantly greater anti-sebum efficacy than l-carnitine group (p = 0.009). All three groups had significant improvement of other objective parameters and subjective outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The anti-sebum moisturizing cream exhibited beneficial effect on the sebum reduction with improve skin hydration in people with seborrhea and made users satisfied. The EGCG group and the combine group show the greater anti-sebum effect than the l-carnitine group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pipatpong Detudom
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nanticha Kamanamool
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anon Paichitrojjana
- School of Antiaging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Montree Udompataikul
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yousefi M, Hadian K, Babossalam S, Diab R, Akhlaghi M, Aghighi M, Abdollahimajd F, Shokri B. Split-face comparison of hydroquinone 4% plus nitrogen plasma vs. hydroquinone 4% alone in the treatment of melasma. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:113. [PMID: 37103690 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of skin diseases is important yet challenging. One of the most common skin diseases in women is melasma, which features acquired facial hyperpigmentation. We studied the effect of cold atmospheric nitrogen plasma on this disease. To characterize the nitrogen plasma, we obtained the relative intensity of the species and the plasma temperature and skin temperature during processing at different input powers and gas flows. Patients complaining of melasma were treated with hydroquinone on both sides of the face, and one side was randomly selected for additional nitrogen plasma therapy. Eight treatment sessions of plasma processing were provided 1 week apart, and one follow-up session was scheduled 1 month after the end of treatment. The rate of improvement was scored by a dermatologist in the eighth session and 1 month following the last session using the modified Melasma Area Severity Index (mMASI). Skin biomechanical characteristics such as melanin, cutaneous resonance running time (CRRT), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and hydration were measured at baseline and during the fourth, eighth, and follow-up sessions. On both sides, we observed a significant decrease in both CRRT and melanin (P < 0.05). TEWL did not change on both sides, while hydration decreased significantly only on the side to which hydroquinone was applied in isolation (P < 0.05). According to clinical scores, on both sides, we had significant improvement. On the side that plasma was not applied, the percentage reduction of pigmentation (mMASI) in the eighth and follow-up sessions in comparison with the baseline was 5.49 ± 8.50% and 33.04 ± 9.17%, respectively, while on the other side, these figures were 20.57 ± 6.64% and 48.11 ± 11%. For melanin, these figures were 13.84 ± 4.84% and 18.23 ± 7.10% on the hydroquinone side and 21.56 ± 3.13% and 23.93 ± 3.02% on the other side. According to these results, nitrogen plasma can safely complement topical hydroquinone to improve clinical outcomes when treating melasma without causing stratum corneum damage or skin discomfort, though confirmatory studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Yousefi
- Physics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 19839-6941, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoon Hadian
- Physics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 19839-6941, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Babossalam
- Laser - Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 19839-6941, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Reem Diab
- Department of Dermatology, Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Akhlaghi
- Laser - Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 19839-6941, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mustafa Aghighi
- Laser - Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 19839-6941, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Abdollahimajd
- Department of Dermatology, Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Shokri
- Physics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 19839-6941, G.C., Tehran, Iran.
- Laser - Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 19839-6941, G.C., Tehran, Iran.
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Heichel T, Brans R, John SM, Nienhaus A, Nordheider K, Wilke A, Sonsmann FK. Effects of impermeable and semipermeable glove materials on resolution of inflammation and epidermal barrier impairment after experimental skin irritation. Contact Dermatitis 2023. [PMID: 37015218 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semipermeable membranes might be suitable for glove liners or comfort gloves in individuals with irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of different glove materials on inflammation and epidermal barrier impairment after experimental skin irritation. METHODS Nine test areas on the volar forearms of 24 healthy volunteers were irritated with sodium lauryl sulfate (1%) and afterward covered for 6 days (6 or 8 h/day) with semipermeable Sympatex (SYM), vinyl (OCC), combinations of vinyl with Sympatex (SYM/OCC) or cotton (COT/OCC), or left uncovered (CON). Up to day 10, measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema (a*), skin humidity (SH) and visual scoring (VS) were applied. RESULTS No significant differences in skin parameters were found between COT/OCC and SYM/OCC as well as between each of the combinations and CON. SYM, COT/OCC and SYM/OCC led to better results for most skin parameters than OCC alone. CONCLUSIONS Occlusive material has a negative impact on skin barrier recovery and inflammation after skin irritation whereas SYM is not inferior to uncovered areas indicating good tolerability. Altogether, the data suggest that SYM is a useful alternative to COT as material for glove liners and comfort gloves in ICD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theres Heichel
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Richard Brans
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Swen M John
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Albert Nienhaus
- Competence Centre for Epidemiology and Health Service Research in Nursing (CVcare), Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nordheider
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Annika Wilke
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Flora K Sonsmann
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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9
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Cheng S, Lou Z, Zhang L, Guo H, Wang Z, Guo C, Fukuda K, Ma S, Wang G, Someya T, Cheng HM, Xu X. Ultrathin Hydrogel Films toward Breathable Skin-Integrated Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206793. [PMID: 36267034 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
On-skin electronics that offer revolutionary capabilities in personalized diagnosis, therapeutics, and human-machine interfaces require seamless integration between the skin and electronics. A common question remains whether an ideal interface can be introduced to directly bridge thin-film electronics with the soft skin, allowing the skin to breathe freely and the skin-integrated electronics to function stably. Here, an ever-thinnest hydrogel is reported that is compliant to the glyphic lines and subtle minutiae on the skin without forming air gaps, produced by a facile cold-lamination method. The hydrogels exhibit high water-vapor permeability, allowing nearly unimpeded transepidermal water loss and free breathing of the skin underneath. Hydrogel-interfaced flexible (opto)electronics without causing skin irritation or accelerated device performance deterioration are demonstrated. The long-term applicability is recorded for over one week. With combined features of extreme mechanical compliance, high permeability, and biocompatibility, the ultrathin hydrogel interface promotes the general applicability of skin-integrated electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Cheng
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zirui Lou
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haotian Guo
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zitian Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuanfei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Center for Emergent Matter Science and Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Takao Someya
- Center for Emergent Matter Science and Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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10
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Green M, Feschuk AM, Kashetsky N, Maibach HI. "Normal" TEWL-How Can it be Defined?: A Systematic Review. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1618-1631. [PMID: 35753062 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), the total non-eccrine sweat water evaporating from a given area of epidermis over time, is a measurement of skin barrier integrity. Skin diseases (e.g. psoriasis and atopic dermatitis) often result in transient increases in TEWL, so knowledge of "normal" TEWL values may be used to predict disease progression in dermatological settings. Variables such as age, race, and anatomic location have been suggested to affect TEWL, but current regulatory agencies have failed to control for additional variables of interest. Thus, this review summarizes variables that may cause TEWL variation. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed using Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to find human studies that provided data on variables affecting TEWL. RESULTS 31 studies, analyzing 22 affecting TEWL, were identified. Variables causing increased TEWL were mask-use (n=1), Dry Eye Disease (n=1), Chronic Venous Disease (n=1), Coronary Artery Disease (n=1), age (infants vs. adults) (n=4), nourishment in infants (n=1), stress within individuals (n=2), Body Mass Index (n=2), bathing versus showering (n=2), and scratching/friction (n=1). Variables with decreases in TEWL were genetic variability with SNPs on chromosome 9q34.3 (n=1) and cancer-cachexia (n=1). CONCLUSION We summarized 12 variables that impact TEWL and are not typically controlled for in experimental settings. Therefore, defining normal TEWL may currently be problematic. Thus, regulatory agencies should provide stricter guidelines on proper measurement of TEWL to minimize human introduced TEWL variation, and we should continue to examine factors impacting individual skin integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Green
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Aileen M Feschuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
| | - Nadia Kashetsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
| | - Howard I Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
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11
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Leem S, Gu K, Kim Y, Jeong ET, Lim JM, Kang NG. Two newly developed indices evaluating facial skin aging. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5203-5207. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangseob Leem
- R&D Center LG Household and Health Care (LG H&H), Ltd. Seoul South Korea
| | - Ki‐Nam Gu
- R&D Center LG Household and Health Care (LG H&H), Ltd. Seoul South Korea
| | - Yunkwan Kim
- R&D Center LG Household and Health Care (LG H&H), Ltd. Seoul South Korea
| | - Eui Taek Jeong
- R&D Center LG Household and Health Care (LG H&H), Ltd. Seoul South Korea
| | - Jun Man Lim
- R&D Center LG Household and Health Care (LG H&H), Ltd. Seoul South Korea
| | - Nae Gyu Kang
- R&D Center LG Household and Health Care (LG H&H), Ltd. Seoul South Korea
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12
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Fölster-Holst R, Naß C, Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer S, Freitag-Wolf S. Analysis of the structure and function of the epidermal barrier in patients with ichthyoses - clinical and electron microscopical investigations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:726-738. [PMID: 35015925 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ichthyoses are pathogenetically characterised by a pronounced disorder of the epidermal barrier. Clinically, hyperkeratosis, severe scaling and erythroderma are present on the entire integument. The time-consuming therapy includes daily baths and the application of skin care products to restore the epidermal barrier. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS To enhance the knowledge about the structure and function of the epidermal barrier in ichthyoses, we conducted clinical, biophysical and electron microscopical measurements on 46 patients with ichthyoses, including autosomal recessive ichthyoses, keratinopathic ichthyoses, X-chromosomal recessive ichthyosis and Netherton syndrome. RESULTS The patients displayed a significantly decreased skin hydration along with unexpectedly low transepidermal waterloss values. Electron microscopical examinations demonstrated a severe occlusion of the epidermis by lipid remnants of skin care products in the stratum corneum. We found decreased intercellular lipid lamellae and an increased undulation of the corneocyte membrane of all ichthyoses, mostly pronounced in Netherton syndrome. The lipid profiles of ichthyoses showed decreased esterified Ω-hydroxy-sphingosine (EOS) ceramide levels. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the extent of the epidermal barrier disruption in ichthyoses. In combination with the knowledge about pathogenetic causes, individually improved therapeutic options can be derived from our results. In the future, the analyses of the organisation of intercellular lipid lamellae and corneocyte membrane undulation will enable improved investigations of the epidermal barrier in ichthyoses and may be used to study and evaluate possible effects of topical skin preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fölster-Holst
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - C Naß
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | | | - S Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
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13
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OUP accepted manuscript. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:923-936. [DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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OUP accepted manuscript. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:907-922. [DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Zhong B, Jiang K, Wang L, Shen G. Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devices: From the Role of Sweat Loss to Advanced Mechanisms and Designs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103257. [PMID: 34713981 PMCID: PMC8728835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors have received significant research interest and have become popular as sweat contains considerable health information about physiological and psychological states. However, measured biomarker concentrations vary with sweat rates, which has a significant effect on the accuracy and reliability of sweat biosensors. Wearable sweat loss measuring devices (SLMDs) have recently been proposed to overcome the limitations of biomarker tracking and reduce inter- and intraindividual variability. In addition, they offer substantial potential for monitoring human body homeostasis, because sweat loss plays an indispensable role in thermoregulation and skin hydration. Previous studies have not carried out a comprehensive and systematic review of the principles, importance, and development of wearable SLMDs. This paper reviews wearable SLMDs with a new health perspective from the role of sweat loss to advanced mechanisms and designs. Two types of sweat and their measurement significance for practical applications are highlighted. Then, a comprehensive review of advances in different wearable SLMDs based on hygrometers, absorbent materials, and microfluidics is presented by describing their respective device architectures, present situations, and future directions. Finally, concluding remarks on opportunities for future application fields and challenges for future sweat sensing are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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Alves E, Gregório J, Baby AR, Rijo P, Rodrigues LM, Rosado C. Homemade Kefir Consumption Improves Skin Condition-A Study Conducted in Healthy and Atopic Volunteers. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112794. [PMID: 34829075 PMCID: PMC8622502 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet has a fundamental role in the homeostasis of bodily functions, including the skin, which, as an essential protective barrier, plays a crucial role in this balance. The skin and intestine appear to share a series of indirect metabolic pathways, in a dual relationship known as the “gut-skin axis”. Hence, the gut-skin axis might be receptive to modulation via dietary modification, where probiotics can be included, thus representing a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), in order to control and/or ameliorate symptoms. Kefir is one of the most ancient fermented foods, with probiotic characteristics that have been associated with a wide variety of health-promoting benefits, and it presents a microbiological diversity that makes its application as a probiotic in the gut-skin relationship of the utmost interest. However, the impact of a diet containing kefir on skin health has yet to be reported in scientific literature. This study aimed to assess the impact of the intake of homemade kefir in the skin of healthy and atopic volunteers. The intervention resulted in a boost on barrier function in both skin types verified only in the respective kefir intake groups. An improvement in the degree of severity of AD was also confirmed for the kefir intake group. Atopic individuals may benefit from kefir intake, especially in regard to their skin hydration. Finally, the effects observed on skin barrier function in this study probably culminate from the effects of all the ingredients in kefir, including the complex microbiota, its metabolites and macro- and micronutrients resulting from the fermentation. This work opens the way for more advanced research on the impact of the probiotic kefir on cutaneous health, further clarifying its mechanism of action namely via gut-skin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Alves
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (J.G.); (P.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Carretera Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.100, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - João Gregório
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (J.G.); (P.R.)
| | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (J.G.); (P.R.)
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis M. Rodrigues
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (J.G.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Catarina Rosado
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (J.G.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.R.); (C.R.)
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Seo JI, Ham HI, Baek JH, Shin MK. An objective skin-type classification based on non-invasive biophysical parameters. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:444-452. [PMID: 34747517 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the invention of various non-invasive bioengineering tools, skin-type analysis has largely been based on subjective assessments. However, advancements in the functional cosmetic industry and artificial intelligence-assisted dermatology are creating a greater demand for an objective skin-type classification system. OBJECTIVES To propose an objective skin-type classification system solely based on non-invasive, bioengineering devices; provide reference values applicable to the Korean population; and compare our reference values with those of published studies. METHODS Biophysical parameter measurements were obtained from the 2018 International Skin Characteristics Data Bank Project conducted by the Foundation of Korea Cosmetic Industry Institute. The participants were 434 healthy South Korean adults. Each participant was assessed using eight bioengineering devices (Tewameter® , pH-meter® , Corneometer® , Sebumeter® , Cutometer® , Spectrophotometer® , PRIMOS® lite, and Janus® ). The measurements were divided into tertiles to determine reference points. RESULTS Our objective skin-type classification consists of five main categories (sensitivity, hydration, oiliness, elasticity, and skin tone) and five corresponding subcategories (erythema, roughness, pores, wrinkles, and pigmentation, respectively). Each skin type was assigned based on the reference point of the biophysical parameter, which was established as the tertile value associated with 'unfavourable' skin characteristics. Individuals were categorized as having sensitive skin when the TEWL scores were over 18.0 g/m2 /h or the pH was over 5.45; dehydrated skin when the corneometric value measured below 47.17 A.U.; oily skin when the sebumetric value exceeded 70 μg/cm2 ; and loose skin when the cutometric R2 value was below 0.68 E/mm. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to provide a comprehensive skin-type classification system based solely on non-invasive biophysical parameters. As measurement data accumulate, the reference points will progress to become more accurate, and they will be subdivided according to gender, age, and ethnic group. Therefore, our classification system serves as a basis for artificial intelligence-based skin-type analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Seo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H I Ham
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Baek
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Shin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Kim HO, Kim HR, Kim JC, Kang SY, Jung MJ, Chang SE, Park CW, Chung BY. A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Epidermal Growth Factor-Containing Ointment on the Treatment of Solar Lentigines as Adjuvant Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57020166. [PMID: 33668564 PMCID: PMC7918714 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Little is known about the anti-pigmentation effects of whitening agents on solar lentigines. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been used as a booster for wound healing in the skin, and it has been suggested to have anti-pigmentation effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and safety of EGF-containing ointment for treating solar lentigines with a Q-switched (QS) 532 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (Bluecore company, Seoul, Republic of Korea). Materials and Methods: Subjects who underwent QS 532 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment of solar lentigines were randomly assigned to treatment with an EGF ointment or petrolatum. After the laser procedure, the subjects were administered the test ointment twice a day for 4 weeks. The physician's assessment of the degree of pigment clearance and patient's satisfaction were assessed after 4 and 8 weeks. Additionally, the melanin index (MI), erythema index (EI), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) were evaluated. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04704245). Results: The blinded physician's assessment using 5-grade percentage improvement scale and patient's satisfaction were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group at the 4th and 8th weeks. The MI was significantly higher in the control group than in the study group at the 4th and 8th weeks. The EI and TEWL did not differ significantly between the two groups at either time point. The incidence of PIH was higher in the control group (37.5%) than in the EGF group (7.14%) at the 8th week. Conclusions: The application of EGF-containing ointment on facial solar lentigines with a QS 532 nm Nd:YAG laser showed efficient and safe therapeutic effects, with less PIH. Thus, EGF-containing ointment could be suggested as the promising adjuvant treatment strategy with a QS laser for solar lentigines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye One Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
| | - Hye Ran Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
| | - Jin Cheol Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
| | - Seok Young Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
| | - Min Je Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Chun Wook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.P.); (B.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-829-5221 (C.W.P.); +82-2-849-9092 (B.Y.C.)
| | - Bo Young Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.P.); (B.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-829-5221 (C.W.P.); +82-2-849-9092 (B.Y.C.)
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Paciência I, Rodolfo A, Leão L, Silva D, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Mendes F, Padrão P, Moreira P, Laerte Boechat J, Delgado L, Moreira A. Effects of Exercise on the Skin Epithelial Barrier of Young Elite Athletes-Swimming Comparatively to Non-Water Sports Training Session. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E653. [PMID: 33466624 PMCID: PMC7828688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of swimming have been extensively assessed. However, swimming pools contain chlorine and other irritating chemicals that may induce contact dermatitis. To evaluate the effect of a swimming training session on transepidermal water loss (TWEL) in swimmers compared to football players, elite swimmers and football players were invited to participate (58 athletes) in the study, where TEWL was measured before, immediately after, and 30 min after a 2 h training session. The probe was held on the dorsum of the hand, volar forearm, and on the antecubital flexure for 1 min. The volar forearm, antecubital flexure, and hand dorsum showed a significant increase in TEWL in swimmers in both measurements after training compared to baseline (p < 0.001). In football players, an increase in TEWL was observed on the hands' dorsum between baseline and after training measurements. The variations on TEWL levels before and immediately after the training session were higher among swimmers on the volar forearm (p = 0.002) and antecubital flexure (p = 0.019). Our findings support the effect of the training environment-swimming pool versus outdoor sports-on the skin barrier function, with an increase of transepidermal water loss immediately after exercise. Exposure to a swimming pool environment in a 2 h training session may lead to changes in skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Ana Rodolfo
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Leonor Leão
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Diana Silva
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Francisca Mendes
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da, Universidade do Porto, 4150-177 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da, Universidade do Porto, 4150-177 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Laerte Boechat
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Luís Delgado
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - André Moreira
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da, Universidade do Porto, 4150-177 Porto, Portugal
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Russo J, Fiegel J, Brogden NK. Rheological and Drug Delivery Characteristics of Poloxamer-Based Diclofenac Sodium Formulations for Chronic Wound Site Analgesia. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121214. [PMID: 33333773 PMCID: PMC7765230 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are a significant and growing health problem, and clinical treatment is often a painful experience. A topical dosage form would be optimal to treat this pain. Poloxamer 407, a thermosensitive polymer that is a liquid at low temperatures but gels at higher temperatures, is well suited to administer topical analgesics to chronic wound sites. The goal of this study was to evaluate the gelation and drug delivery properties of poloxamer 407 gels containing diclofenac sodium for potential use in chronic wound analgesic delivery. The gelation properties of poloxamer formulations were evaluated rheologically. Drug delivery properties of poloxamers loaded with diclofenac sodium were evaluated using snakeskin dialysis membranes, intact porcine ear skin, and porcine ear skin impaired via tape stripping. A commercial gel product and a solution of diclofenac sodium in water were used as control formulations. Poloxamer concentration and gelation temperature varied inversely, and the addition of higher concentrations of diclofenac sodium correlated to significant increases in poloxamer gelation temperature. Poloxamer solutions were effective in limiting the permeation of diclofenac sodium through membranes with impaired barrier properties, and delivery of diclofenac sodium from poloxamer 407 did not vary significantly from delivery observed from the commercial gel product. The amount of drug delivered in 24 h did not change significantly with changes in poloxamer 407 concentration. The results of this study indicate that poloxamer 407 may be a useful formulation component for administration of an analgesic product to a chronic wound site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Russo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Jennifer Fiegel
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Nicole K. Brogden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Carr AN, DeWitt T, Cork MJ, Eichenfield LF, Fölster-Holst R, Hohl D, Lane AT, Paller A, Pickering L, Taieb A, Cui TY, Xu ZG, Wang X, Brink S, Niu Y, Ogle J, Odio M, Gibb RD. Diaper dermatitis prevalence and severity: Global perspective on the impact of caregiver behavior. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37:130-136. [PMID: 31793090 PMCID: PMC7027557 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare prevalence and severity of diaper dermatitis (DD) in infants and toddlers (babies) across three countries (China, USA, and Germany), including diapered skin measures and caregiver practices. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 1791 babies (~600 from each country) was recruited at each clinical site. Based on regional toilet-training habits, exclusively diaper-wearing infants were recruited between ages 2-8 months in China and 2-18 months in the USA and Germany. DD was measured, as well as skin pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and relative humidity (RH) in the diapered region. Caregiver habits were collected via a questionnaire and included information on hygienic practices. RESULTS Diaper dermatitis was highest in the perianal area, followed by the intertriginous, genital, and buttock regions. In general, DD was significantly lower in babies in China, highest in Germany, and intermediate in the USA. This rank ordering of DD by geography was also observed in baby age 2-8 months. The lower DD observed in China was associated with lower skin pH and TEWL on diapered skin and decreased RH in the diaper. Chinese caregivers had the highest rate of prophylactic topical product usage, the most robust cleaning of the diapered area, lack of cleansing after urine-only diaper changes, and Chinese infants spent the least time in an overnight diaper. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest caregiver behaviors including prophylactic use of topical products, thorough cleaning after stooling and reduced time in an overnight diaper are associated with less DD, lower superficial skin pH, and enhanced skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas DeWitt
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Cork
- Sheffield Children's Hospital and University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel Hohl
- Beaumont Hospital, CHUV-UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfred T Lane
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy Paller
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA.,Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Alain Taieb
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tao Y Cui
- Beijing United Family Hospital and Clinics, Beijing, China
| | - Zi G Xu
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xeumin Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
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22
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Jansen van Rensburg S, Franken A, Du Plessis JL. Measurement of transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration and skin surface pH in occupational settings: A review. Skin Res Technol 2019; 25:595-605. [PMID: 31111588 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin provides a permeable barrier which may be impaired in occupational settings. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH) and skin surface pH (SSpH) have been used in occupational settings to predict early onset of occupational skin diseases, to measure the effectiveness of prevention strategies for occupational skin diseases, and to assess skin condition during exposure. The aim was to compare the findings, identify shortcomings in the methodology and data reporting and furthermore, to make recommendations for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature study was conducted on studies published before December 2018 to provide a review on the measurement of TEWL, SCH and SSpH in occupational settings. RESULTS TEWL, SCH and SSpH were previously measured in a wide variety of industries. Results between studies were highly variable, due to different study designs and different anatomical positions measured. Not all of the measurement conditions were reported and variations in study objectives led to data being reported and interpreted differently for most studies. CONCLUSION Incomplete reporting of methodology hinders comparison of bioengineering measurements. No bioengineering method has been proven useful as a predictive tool for occupational skin diseases, however, it is useful in the acute assessment of skin condition. It is recommended that future studies on TEWL, SCH and SSpH adhere to guidelines for occupational settings as far as possible to enable comparison between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sané Jansen van Rensburg
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Anja Franken
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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23
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Ridd MJ, Gaunt DM, Guy RH, Redmond NM, Garfield K, Hollinghurst S, Ball N, Shaw L, Purdy S, Metcalfe C. Comparison of patient (POEM), observer (EASI, SASSAD, TIS) and corneometry measures of emollient effectiveness in children with eczema: findings from the COMET feasibility trial. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:362-370. [PMID: 29476542 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eczema affects around 20% of children, but multiple different outcome measures have hampered research into the effectiveness of different treatments. OBJECTIVES To compare the change in scores and correlations within and between five measures of eczema severity: Patient-Orientated Eczema Measure (POEM), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Six Area, Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis (SASSAD), Three Item Severity (TIS) and skin hydration (corneometry). METHODS Data from a feasibility trial that randomized young children with eczema to one of four emollients were used. Participants were followed for 3 months (84 days). Descriptive statistics (by emollient over time) and Spearman's correlation coefficients comparing scores at each time point and absolute change (between adjacent time points) for each outcome measure were calculated. RESULTS In total, 197 children, mean ± SD age 21·7 ± 12·8 months, were randomized. POEM and TIS appeared to capture a range of eczema severity at baseline, but only POEM had close approximation to normal distribution. Mean POEM, EASI, SASSAD and TIS scores improved month by month, with POEM showing the greatest sensitivity (effect size 0·42). Correlations within POEM, EASI, SASSAD and TIS were moderate to good, decreasing over time. Correlations between measures were strongest for EASI, SASSAD and TIS. By contrast, corneometry scores were more variable, correlated less well over time and were poorly correlated with the other measures. CONCLUSIONS Except for corneometry, all measures appear to change in relation to emollient use over time and correlate well with themselves. POEM demonstrated the greatest range of scores at baseline and change in eczema severity over the first 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ridd
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, U.K
| | - D M Gaunt
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, U.K
| | - R H Guy
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - N M Redmond
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, U.K.,NIHR CLAHRC West, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT, U.K
| | - K Garfield
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, U.K
| | - S Hollinghurst
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, U.K
| | - N Ball
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, U.K
| | - L Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Marlborough Street, Bristol, BS1 3NU, U.K
| | - S Purdy
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, U.K
| | - C Metcalfe
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, U.K
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24
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Souza C, Campos PMM. Development and photoprotective effect of a sunscreen containing the antioxidants Spirulina and dimethylmethoxy chromanol on sun-induced skin damage. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:52-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue in Clinical Applications for Dermatological Indications and Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010208. [PMID: 28117680 PMCID: PMC5297838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Operating at multiple levels of control, mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ADSCs) communicate with organ systems to adjust immune response, provide signals for differentiation, migration, enzymatic reactions, and to equilibrate the regenerative demands of balanced tissue homeostasis. The identification of the mechanisms by which ADSCs accomplish these functions for dermatological rejuvenation and wound healing has great potential to identify novel targets for the treatment of disorders and combat aging. Herein, we review new insights into the role of adipose-derived stem cells in the maintenance of dermal and epidermal homeostasis, and recent advances in clinical applications of ADSCs related to dermatology.
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26
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Damasceno GADB, Silva RMADC, Fernandes JM, Ostrosky EA, Langassner SMZ, Ferrari M. Use of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill extracts from Brazilian Caatinga as an alternative of natural moisturizer in cosmetic formulations. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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27
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Komane B, Vermaak I, Summers B, Viljoen A. Safety and efficacy of Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst (Marula) oil: A clinical perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:327-335. [PMID: 26528587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst (Marula) nut oil is a popular ingredient in cosmetics such as skin lotions, lipsticks and foundations. The demand for this African oil increased tremendously such that in 2008 almost US$ 20 million was spent on Marula oil for cosmetic product manufacturing. The ethnobotanical literature states that the Zulu people in South Africa amongst others applied the oil to maintain a healthy skin. Scientific studies to support the traditional use as well as the inclusion of Marula oil in cosmetic products is lacking. This study evaluated the irritancy potential (safety), the moisturising and hydrating effects as well occlusivity properties (efficacy) of Marula oil after topical application. In addition, the Marula oil used in this study was comprehensively characterised using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. METHODS AND MATERIALS Quantification of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was done using a LECO Pegasus 4D GC × GC-MS. To determine the safety and efficacy of Marula oil healthy caucasian adult female volunteers (n = 20) who complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the irritancy patch, moisture efficacy, hydrating and occlusivity tests were recruited for each study. A 2 × magnifying lamp (visual observation), Chromameter®, Aquaflux® and Corneometer® instruments were used to evaluate and monitor the irritancy level, skin barrier function, transepidermal water loss, hydrating and occlusive effects of topically applied Marula oil. RESULTS The GC × GC-MS analysis identified several saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid was the major fatty acid constituting 69.0% of the oil followed by palmitic acid (15.3%), linoleic acid (9.2%), palmitoleic acid (4.1%) and stearic acid (1.5%). The clinical study revealed that Marula oil is non-irritant (p < 0.001), with moisturising and hydrating properties (p < 0.001) when applied to a lipid-dry (xerosis) skin. Additionally the oil exhibited occlusive effects (p < 0.001) when applied to normal skin. These findings may be linked to the absorption of the oil into the skin due to the high percentage of oleic acid and the presence of palmitic acid which are known to disturb the stratum corneum intercellular lipids. These fatty acids present in Marula oil are very similar to those present in the epidermis, and can be considered biomimetic. CONCLUSIONS Marula oil rich in fatty acids exhibits moisturising, hydrating and occlusive properties. As the oil is non-irritating and provides a moisturising effect with moderate prevention of transepidermal water loss, average moisture retention properties and noteworthy occlusive effects, its inclusion in cosmetic products based on its traditional use may be justified depending on the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baatile Komane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ilze Vermaak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Beverley Summers
- Department of Pharmacy, Photobiology Laboratory, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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28
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Harde H, Agrawal AK, Katariya M, Kale D, Jain S. Development of a topical adapalene-solid lipid nanoparticle loaded gel with enhanced efficacy and improved skin tolerability. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation substantiates the efficacy of adapalene loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (Ada-SLNs) in ameliorating the skin irritation potential of adapalene owing to its altered skin distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Harde
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali-160062
- India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali-160062
- India
| | - Mahesh Katariya
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali-160062
- India
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kale
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali-160062
- India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali-160062
- India
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29
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Ní Raghallaigh S, Powell F. Epidermal hydration levels in patients with rosacea improve after minocycline therapy. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:259-66. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ní Raghallaigh
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- Department of Dermatology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - F.C. Powell
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- Department of Dermatology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Dublin 7 Ireland
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Ludriksone L, Garcia Bartels N, Kanti V, Blume-Peytavi U, Kottner J. Skin barrier function in infancy: a systematic review. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:591-9. [PMID: 24595645 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skin of neonates and infants exhibits distinct anatomical and functional properties that might be clinically reflected by its characteristic susceptibility to skin barrier disruption. In this systematic review, we aimed to characterize skin barrier maturation as reflected by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface pH during the first 2 years of life. We systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE via OVID from 1975 to 2013 to identify primary studies reporting TEWL and/or skin surface pH values in healthy full-term infants aged 0-24 months without any cutaneous diseases. After full text assessment, 36 studies reporting n = 8,483 TEWL measurements for 26 anatomical areas and n = 6,437 skin surface pH measurements for 14 anatomical areas were included. The mean age of the subjects ranged from 1.4 h to 1.2 years. The lowest pH of 4.63 was identified on the forehead at the age of 25.6 weeks, whereas the highest of 7.31 was on the volar forearm at 0.0 weeks. The lowest TEWL value of 3.1 g/m(2)/h was reported for the back at 0.6 weeks and the highest of 43.1 g/m(2)/h for the upper leg at 58.7 weeks. The skin surface pH reveals a steep decline during the first postnatal week, succeeded by a further gradual site-specific acidification process during the first month. A competent permeability barrier in most anatomical areas is indicated by TEWL, which does not exhibit a time-dependent development during the first 2 years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laine Ludriksone
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Faria WCS, Damasceno GADB, Ferrari M. Moisturizing effect of a cosmetic formulation containing pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense) from the Brazilian cerrado biome. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502011000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caryocar brasiliense, popularly known in Brazil as “pequi”, is a species widely distributed in the Brazilian Cerrado. The seeds are surrounded by a woody endocarp coated with a yellow fleshy mesocarp rich in oil and vitamin A, whose oil has a useful role in the treatment of skin aging and protection of human skin against UV-induced damage and skin hydration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cosmetic formulations containing pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense) on skin hydration, after a single application. Hydration effect assessment was performed by applying the formulations under study (Control – no formulation, vehicle, and vehicle + pequi oil) onto forearm skin of 30 human volunteers. Skin capacitance and Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) measurements were analyzed before, and at 1, 2 and 3 hours after, a single application. Evaluation results of a single application of the vehicle containing pequi oil showed an increase in stratum corneum water content, indicating a skin moisturizing effect. Results of the evaluation of immediate effects of TEWL demonstrated that the vehicle containing pequi oil significantly increased skin moisture during the 3 h evaluation period. The formulations containing pequi oil showed clinical efficacy, increasing stratum corneum water content and enhancing skin barrier function.
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