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Nastase F, Verenca MC, Niculet E, Radaschin DS, Busila C, Vasile CI, Tatu AL. Primary Hyperhidrosis in Children-A Retrospective Study and a Short Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:645. [PMID: 38792665 PMCID: PMC11122639 DOI: 10.3390/life14050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperhidrosis (PH) is a relatively common chronic disorder, characterized by significant and uncontrollable sweating. The predominant areas of occurrence are hands, feet, head and armpits, and it affects both men and women equally, with a false impression of increased prevalence in women. This study aims to determine the incidence of cases of hyperhidrosis, the gender of the patients and the environment of origin and to identify the most affected age groups and the distribution of hyperhidrosis, as well as creating a curve of cases within the time interval studied and their comparison with those in the specialized literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Nastase
- Department of Neuropsychomotor Rehabilitation, Sf. Ioan Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania; (F.N.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Madalina Codruta Verenca
- Department of Neuropsychomotor Rehabilitation, Sf. Ioan Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania; (F.N.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Elena Niculet
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 800008 Galati, Romania;
| | - Diana Sabina Radaschin
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica—CIM-CID), Dunărea de Jos University, 800201 Galati, Romania; (D.S.R.); (A.L.T.)
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Sfanta Cuvioasa Parascheva Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Camelia Busila
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 800008 Galati, Romania
- “Sf. Ioan” Emergency Clinical Paediatric Hospital, Str Gheorghe Asachi nr 2, 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Claudiu Ionut Vasile
- Department of Psychiatry, Elisabeta Doamna Psychiatric Hospital, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Laurentiu Tatu
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica—CIM-CID), Dunărea de Jos University, 800201 Galati, Romania; (D.S.R.); (A.L.T.)
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Sfanta Cuvioasa Parascheva Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
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Alhudaif A, Almazied MK, Khashoggi M, Alasgah E, Alhaddab A. Facial Apocrine Chromhidrosis: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e53401. [PMID: 38435167 PMCID: PMC10908344 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Apocrine chromhidrosis is a rare disease that is characterized by colored sweating. Here, we present a rare case that was successfully treated for this condition. A 32-year-old woman presented with dark blue discharge from her cheeks. She was diagnosed with apocrine chromhidrosis and was treated successfully with botulinum toxin type A.
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Zhang L, Cheng J, Wang C, Zhao J, Zhang C, Li H. Epidemiological analysis of axillary apocrine bromhidrosis in China: a survey from Chinese higher education students. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1232744. [PMID: 38020162 PMCID: PMC10657832 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1232744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are few epidemiological data on axillary apocrine bromhidrosis (AAB) in the Chinese population, making it impossible to accurately estimate its prevalence or impact on individuals. Objective To estimate the prevalence of AAB in China, and to survey and compare the psychological status of individuals with and without AAB. Methods Students in several universities in China were surveyed online for AAB, and the prevalence of AAB was calculated. The Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to evaluate the psychological status. Results The prevalence of AAB in the surveyed students was 7.5% (194/2571). The projected number of Chinese higher education students with AAB was about 3 million. The onset age of AAB was mainly between 11 and 20 years old (79.90%, 155/194). 68.04% (132/194) of individuals with AAB had a positive family history, and 60.30% (117/194) had wet earwax. Individuals with AAB often felt depression, anxiety, loneliness and social alienation, and scored significantly higher on the nine primary psychological symptom dimensions than individuals without AAB. Conclusion AAB affects a small proportion but large numbers of Chinese population. China and the West or East-Asia and the West have different perception, recognition and treatment preferences for AAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Mental Health Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Cheng
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cangyu Wang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haihong Li
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Chen KH, Changchien CH, Fang CL, Yang CS, Tsai CB, Chen MS, Yang HY. Factors Affecting Postoperative Complications of Suction-Curettage by Arthroscopic Shaver for Bromhidrosis. Ann Plast Surg 2023; 90:471-477. [PMID: 37146312 PMCID: PMC10184797 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suction-curettage by arthroscopic shaver is the most effective treatment for bromhidrosis; however, postoperative complications require wound management and exhibit a high risk of hypertrophic scarring. We investigated factors affecting postoperative complications. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated data for 215 patients (430 axillae) with bromhidrosis treated with suction-curettage by arthroscopic shaver between 2011 and 2019. Cases followed for less than 1 year were excluded. Complications of hematoma or seroma, epidermis decortication, skin necrosis, and infection were recorded. Multinomial logistic analysis was used to calculate odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for the complication of the surgery, adjusting for relevant statistically significant variables. RESULTS Complications occurred in 52 axillae (12.1%). Epidermis decortication occurred in 24 axillae (5.6%), with a significant difference for age (P < 0.001). Hematoma occurred in 10 axillae (2.3%) with a significant difference in tumescent infiltration use (P = 0.039). Skin necrosis occurred in 16 axillae (3.7%) with a significant difference for age (P = 0.001). Infection occurred in 2 axillae (0.5%). Severe scarring occurred in 15 axillae (3.5%), with complications related to more severe skin scarring (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Older age was a risk factor for complications. Use of tumescent infiltration resulted in good postoperative pain control and less hematoma. Patients with complications presented with more severe skin scarring, but none experienced limited range of motion after massage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Han Chen
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi
| | - Chih-Hsuan Changchien
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi
- Departments of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology
| | - Chien-Liang Fang
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi
- Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung
| | - Cheng-San Yang
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi
| | - Chong-Bin Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi
- Department of Optometry, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- Departments of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology
- Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Hsin-Yi Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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Cao M, Zhang L, Cheng J, Wang C, Zhao J, Liu X, Yan Y, Tang Y, Chen Z, Li H. Differential antigen expression between human apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands. Eur J Histochem 2022; 67:3559. [PMID: 36546419 PMCID: PMC9827426 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromhidrosis has a great negative impact on personal occupation and social psychology. It is not yet clear whether bromhidrosis is caused by apocrine sweat glands or the co-action of apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands. To distinguish between apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands, specific antigen markers for apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands must be found first. In the study, we detected the expression of K7, K18, K19, Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), Forkhead transcription factor a1 (Foxa1), homeobox transcription factor engrailed homeobox1 (En1), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), mucin-1 (MUC-1), cluster of differentiation 15 (CD15) and apolipoprotein (APOD) in eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands by immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that K7, K18, K19, Foxa1, GCDFP-15 and MUC-1 were expressed in both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands, CD15 and APOD were only expressed in apocrine sweat glands, and CAII, NKCC1 and En1 were only expressed in eccrine sweat glands. We conclude that CD15 and APOD can serve as specific markers for apocrine sweat glands, while CAII, NKCC1 and En1 can serve as specific markers for eccrine sweat glands to differentiate the two sweat glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxiu Cao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jiaqi Cheng
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Cangyu Wang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Yongjing Yan
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Zixiu Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Haihong Li
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei,Department of Wound Repair; Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Correspondence: Prof. Haihong Li, Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China.
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Impact of Apocrine Gland Residue on Bromhidrosis Clinical Efficacy: A Self-controlled Case Series Study. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2022; 10:e4320. [PMID: 35572192 PMCID: PMC9094419 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apocrine sweat gland excision is a successful surgical treatment for bromhidrosis used in clinical practice due to its efficacy and unobtrusive postoperative scar. However, a small quantity of apocrine sweat gland residue is an unavoidable intraoperative concern to minimize losses of the dermal vascular network induced by extensive excision of the apocrine sweat glands. However, the relationship between the degree of remaining glands and clinical efficacy is yet unknown. This study looked at the histopathology of preexcision and postexcision specimens from bromhidrosis patients to see a connection between residual apocrine sweat glands and clinical efficacy following apocrine sweat gland excision.
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7
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Li P, Chen S, Li P, Xu D, Tang X, Liao J, Xie H, Li G, Kuang Y, Su J, Tang S, Zhou J. Treatment of Axillary Osmidrosis by Rebalancing Skin Microecology With Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:821696. [PMID: 35495721 PMCID: PMC9048734 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.821696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium accounts for around 20% of the armpit microbiome and plays an essential role in axillary osmidrosis (AO). In this study, the effects of Lactobacillus bulgaricus treatment on the microecological environment of armpits and its efficacy in the treatment of AO were investigated. A total of 10 AO patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were treated with L. bulgaricus mixed with saline on the left armpit (experimental group) and pure saline on the right armpit (control group) for 28 days. After treatment, AO severity showed a significant decrease (p = 0.013) in the experimental group compared with the control group, and the Corynebacterium abundance also showed a corresponding significant decrease (p < 0.01). Moreover, no significant variation in Staphylococcus abundance was found between these two groups. The microbe diversity is not disturbed in the treatment. Accordingly, our study demonstrates that L. bulgaricus can serve as an effective probiotic microbe for AO treatment by reducing the abundance of Corynebacterium and rebalancing the microecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinglu Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyue Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueyuan Tang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junlin Liao
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hongju Xie
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Laser Cosmetic, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yehong Kuang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Kelly A, Gandhi R, Natkunarajah J. 'Your mascara is running'. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:639-641. [PMID: 34962316 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromhidrosis is a rare disorder, which can have significant psychosocial consequences for patients, particularly when it affects the face, as it can be mistaken for scarring, dirt or erroneous make-up application. Chromhidrosis can be divided into apocrine, eccrine and pseudo subtypes. We present a case of apocrine chromhidrosis localized to the bilateral cheek area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital, Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - R Gandhi
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital, Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - J Natkunarajah
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital, Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK
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9
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Roberts MS, Cheruvu HS, Mangion SE, Alinaghi A, Benson HA, Mohammed Y, Holmes A, van der Hoek J, Pastore M, Grice JE. Topical drug delivery: History, percutaneous absorption, and product development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113929. [PMID: 34403750 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Topical products, widely used to manage skin conditions, have evolved from simple potions to sophisticated delivery systems. Their development has been facilitated by advances in percutaneous absorption and product design based on an increasingly mechanistic understanding of drug-product-skin interactions, associated experiments, and a quality-by-design framework. Topical drug delivery involves drug transport from a product on the skin to a local target site and then clearance by diffusion, metabolism, and the dermal circulation to the rest of the body and deeper tissues. Insights have been provided by Quantitative Structure Permeability Relationships (QSPR), molecular dynamics simulations, and dermal Physiologically Based PharmacoKinetics (PBPK). Currently, generic product equivalents of reference-listed products dominate the topical delivery market. There is an increasing regulatory interest in understanding topical product delivery behavior under 'in use' conditions and predicting in vivo response for population variations in skin barrier function and response using in silico and in vitro findings.
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10
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Li H, Zhang X, Wei W, Zhang L, Chen Z, Cao M, Cheng J, Du L, Zhao J, Fang Z, Li X, Chen P. An innovative application of follicular unit extraction technique in the treatment of bromhidrosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:2300-2304. [PMID: 34331817 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the most effective way to treat bromhidrosis, but postoperative complications are still the biggest obstacles for patients to choose surgical treatment. OBJECTIVES To introduce an innovative application of follicular unit extraction (FUE) in the treatment of bromhidrosis. METHODS We conducted a case series study on 20 patients who received FUE technique for the treatment of bromhidrosis. The axillary hair follicles were extracted with a one-millimetre punch. The released hair follicles were collected for histological examination. After the operation, the wounds were wrapped with moderate pressure. The dressing was removed 24 h after the FUE operation. The postoperative complications were collected, and the improvement of malodour was evaluated by the 10-point visual analogue scale. RESULTS Immediately postoperation, many needle-shaped holes appeared in the armpits. The holes healed 7 days after the operation, with no scar or pinpoint-like scars. Except for a female who complained of mild pain in the left armpit, no other patients had any discomfort. The malodour level varied between 0 and 4 during the follow-up period. The tissue examination showed that more than 90% of the completely plucked hair follicles were accompanied by apocrine glands, and many blocked and dilated apocrine glands were observed. The lumens of the blocked glands were filled with decapitation products, which were positive for K5, Brst-2 and CEA. CONCLUSIONS Patients with bromhidrosis have a positive response to FUE technique. The FUE technique is well-tolerated, with only a few postoperative complications, which deserves to be widely promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - W Wei
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - L Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - M Cao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - J Cheng
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - L Du
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Z Fang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - P Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Abstract
Apocrine chromhidrosis is a rare diagnosis that occurs due to colored sweat being secreted from the apocrine glands, which are located in the axillae, anogenital skin, and areolae and over the skin of the trunk, face, and scalp. We present the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with a sudden onset of pink sweating affecting mainly her axillae but also her pelvis, causing staining of clothing and bed sheets. There was nil to note on examination and histology with immunostaining demonstrated focally prominent yellow-brown lipofuscin granules in the cytoplasm of the apocrine secretory cells confirming the diagnosis. The disease can have a significant psychosocial impact, and treatment remains challenging. Our case is unique because the red and pink coloring of sweat is less common in cases of apocrine chromhidrosis, which is often in favor of darker colored sweat, and the distribution involved the inguinal canal, which is also less often seen.
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12
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Chen W, Zhang X, Zhang L, Xu Y. Treatment of axillary bromhidrosis in adolescents by combining electrocauterization with ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A injection. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 74:3114-3119. [PMID: 34238698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of treatment-combined electrocauterization after removal of apocrine sweat glands with ultrasound-guided (BOTOX) injection for adolescents with axillary bromhidrosis. From January 2015 to January 2018, 90 adolescents with axillary bromhidrosis were recruited and randomly divided into three groups (group A, B, and C). Patients in group A underwent electrocauterization after removal of apocrine sweat glands, patients in group B received ultrasound-guided BOTOX injection, and patients in group C had electrocauterization after the removal of apocrine sweat glands followed by ultrasound-guided BOTOX administration after two weeks. All patients were followed up for one year. The percentages of axillary malodor score at twelve months after treatments compared with pre-operation for group A, group B, and group C were 20.2%, 27.5%, and 12.5%, respectively. Significant statistical differences were observed in changes of axillary malodor score among the three groups at three, six, nine and twelve months postoperatively. Satisfaction rates of group A, group B, and group C were 90.0%, 93.3%, and 96.7%, respectively. The side effects after surgery in group A were similar to group C, and no side effect was observed in group B. One-year postoperative scar formation rate of group A was 16.7%, which was significantly higher than that of group B (0) and group C (6.66%). Combination of electrocauterization after removal of apocrine sweat glands with ultrasound-guided BOTOX injection showed better treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Lianbo Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
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13
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Alpman N, Ak F. A Case of Eccrine Chromhidrosis Due to Multivitamin Use. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.33880/ejfm.2021100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromhidrosis is a rare condition with a characteristic presentation of the secretion of colored sweat by apocrine or eccrine sweat glands. Eccrine chromhidrosis may occur by some water-soluble dyes in the systemic circulation, as a result of drug metabolism such as quinine, bisacodyl, clofazimine etc. or due to contamination of micro-organisms and rarely hyperbilirubinemia. The first and most important step for diagnosis of eccrine chromhidrosis is clinical evaluation. In the treatment of chromhidrosis, the suspected dye or drug should be eliminated from the body. This case report describes a patient who was diagnosed with eccrine chromhidrosis as a result of drug metabolism. The patient presented to the outpatient family medicine clinic of Ibn-i Sina Hospital with a complaint of blue sweating.
Keywords: eccrine glands, vitamins, sweating, family practice
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazife Alpman
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine
| | - Filiz Ak
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine
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Aubignat M. [Hyperhidrosis from diagnosis to management]. Rev Med Interne 2020; 42:338-345. [PMID: 33261887 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhidrosis is defined as uncontrollable, excessive and unpredictable sweating that exceeds the needs related to thermoregulation. It preferentially affects axillary, palms, soles and face but can affect any part of the body. This ostensibly benign symptom can have a major negative impact on quality of life sometimes leading to isolation and depression. Moreover, in some cases hyperhidrosis can be secondary to an underlying pathology sometimes malignant which must be identified quickly. Consequently, each doctor should be able to develop a diagnostic and therapeutic approach for this relatively frequent and probably underdiagnosed and undertreated reason for consultation. In this review, we focus on diagnosis hyperhidrosis and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aubignat
- Service de neurologie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 1, rue du Professeur-Christian-Cabrol, 80054 Amiens, France; Centre expert Parkinson, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 1, rue du Professeur-Christian-Cabrol, 80054 Amiens, France.
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Lam Hoai X, Kabagabo C, Simonart T. Treatment of axillary bromhidrosis with lemon applications. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14133. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuân‐Lan Lam Hoai
- Department of Dermatology St Pierre ‐ Brugmann ‐ HUDERF University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Cécile Kabagabo
- Department of Neurology Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Thierry Simonart
- Department of Dermatology Delta Hospital, CHIREC, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
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Fazel Z, Majidpour A, Behrangi E, Fathizadeh S, Nokandeh M, Atefi N, Ghassemi MR. Using the Hair Removal Laser in the Axillary Region and its Effect on Normal Microbial Flora. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:255-261. [PMID: 32802284 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The axillary hair removal laser is one of the most often used procedures to treat unwanted hairs in that region. Employing this technology can be helpful in decreasing the bromhidrosis. Methods: In the present research, a clinical trial study over the effect of the hair removal laser on normal microbial flora at the axillary region is presented. The intervention group consisted of 30 women referred to the dermatologic clinic for the purpose of removing axillary hair by the alexandrite 755 nm laser and the control group consisted of 30 women referred to the same clinic for any other reasons. Both groups were evaluated for the type of bacterial strains on the first visit and after three and six months. Results: The results showed that the sense of sweat smell improved by about 63% after the last laser session. The frequency of all bacterial strains decreased in the intervention group except Staphylococcus epidermidis which was significant. In the control group, there was no significant decrement in any bacterial strains and even the prevalence of more strains including Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis increased. Counting the mean bacterial colon showed a slight decrement of the bacterial count following the laser. Conclusion: The use of laser radiation, even with the aim of hair removal, can alter the microbial flora, and it can be accompanied by the improvement of the smell of sweat. The effect of the laser on different bacterial strains is quite different, which can depend on the amount of energy, the wavelength, the characteristics of the area under the laser, and also the structural properties of the membrane of the microorganism itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Fazel
- Department of Dermatology, Rasol-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Majidpour
- Antimicrobial Research Center, Institute of Immunology Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behrangi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasol-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Fathizadeh
- Antimicrobial Research Center, Institute of Immunology Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nokandeh
- Department of Dermatology, Rasol-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmolsadat Atefi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasol-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghassemi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasol-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lin Y, He Y, Woo DM, Chen B, Zhu X, Liu J, Chen X. Tumescent Liposuction Combined with Power-Assisted Dermal Curettage Through Small Incisions for Axillary Osmidrosis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:849-854. [PMID: 32152707 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osmidrosis is a troublesome disease characterized by excessive bodily malodor. Invasive surgical treatments have proven effective and permanent in treating this disease. This study sets out to evaluate the effect of tumescent liposuction with power-assisted dermal curettage for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with axillary osmidrosis (56 axillae) were treated with tumescent liposuction and power-assisted dermal curettage between January 2016 and May 2019. Patients were followed up and evaluated using survey questionnaire at least 3 months after the procedure. RESULTS Twenty-four (85.7%) patients responded excellent for malodor elimination, 4 (14.3%) patients evaluated it as good and no patients evaluated it as fair or poor. One patient reported mild pigmentation in the axilla after the procedure. No recurrence and no serious side effects were reported. CONCLUSION Tumescent liposuction with power-assisted dermal curettage is a safe and effective surgical treatment of axillary osmidrosis with high patient satisfaction, rapid recovery time and minimal complications or recurrences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Microbiota and Malodor-Etiology and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082886. [PMID: 32326126 PMCID: PMC7215946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that microbiota plays a critical role in physiological processes in humans. However, it might also contribute to body malodor by producing numerous odorous molecules such as ammonia, volatile sulfur compounds or trimethylamine. Although malodor is commonly overlooked by physicians, it constitutes a major problem for many otherwise healthy people. Thus, this review aims to investigate most common causes of malodor and describe potential therapeutic options. We searched PUBMED and Google Scholar databases to identify the clinical and pre-clinical studies on bad body smell, malodor, halitosis and microbiota. Unpleasant smell might originate from the mouth, skin, urine or reproductive fluids and is usually caused by odorants that are produced by resident bacterial flora. The accumulation of odorous compounds might result from diet, specific composition of microbiota, as well as compromised function of the liver, intestines and kidneys. Evidence-based guidelines for management of body malodor are lacking and no universal treatment exists. However, the alleviation of the symptoms may be achieved by controlling the diet and physical elimination of bacteria and/or accumulated odorants.
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Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin A in Axillary Bromhidrosis and Associated Histological Changes in Sweat Glands. Dermatol Surg 2019; 45:1605-1609. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hirt PA, Castillo DE, Yosipovitch G, Keri JE. Skin changes in the obese patient. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:1037-1057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Patel F, Tu YM, Fernandes S, Chapas A. A case of axillary bromhidrosis secondary to trimethylaminuria successfully treated with microwave-based therapy. JAAD Case Rep 2019; 5:915-917. [PMID: 31646163 PMCID: PMC6804454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Forum Patel
- Correspondence to: Forum Patel, MD, 19 Union Square West, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10003.
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Hyperhidrose – Ätiopathogenese, Diagnostik, Klinik und Therapie. Hautarzt 2018; 69:857-869. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hu Y, Converse C, Lyons MC, Hsu WH. Neural control of sweat secretion: a review. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:1246-1256. [PMID: 28714085 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans have 4 million exocrine sweat glands, which can be classified into two types: eccrine and apocrine glands. Sweat secretion, a constitutive feature, is directly involved in thermoregulation and metabolism, and is regulated by both the central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS). OBJECTIVES To explore how sweat secretion is controlled by both the CNS and the ANS and the mechanisms behind the neural control of sweat secretion. METHODS We conducted a literature search on PubMed for reports in English from 1 January 1950 to 31 December 2016. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Acetylcholine acts as a potent stimulator for sweat secretion, which is released by sympathetic nerves. β-adrenoceptors are found in adipocytes as well as apocrine glands, and these receptors may mediate lipid secretion from apocrine glands for sweat secretion. The activation of β-adrenoceptors could increase sweat secretion through opening of Ca2+ channels to elevate intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Ca2+ and cyclic adenosine monophosphate play a part in the secretion of lipids and proteins from apocrine glands for sweat secretion. The translocation of aquaporin 5 plays an important role in sweat secretion from eccrine glands. Dysfunction of the ANS, especially the sympathetic nervous system, may cause sweating disorders, such as hypohidrosis and hyperhidrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1800 S. 16th Street, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, U.S.A
| | - C Converse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1800 S. 16th Street, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, U.S.A
| | - M C Lyons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1800 S. 16th Street, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, U.S.A
| | - W H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1800 S. 16th Street, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, U.S.A
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Urso B, Lu KB, Khachemoune A. Axillary manifestations of dermatologic diseases: a focused review. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2018. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2018.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Sammons
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, CW, USA
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Tüzün Y, Wolf R. Commentary: Fold (intertriginous) dermatoses: When skin touches skin. Clin Dermatol 2015; 33:411-3. [PMID: 26051054 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yalçın Tüzün
- Department of Dermatology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34098, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ronni Wolf
- Dermatology Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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