1
|
Prakoeswa FRS, Haningtyas N, Dewi LM, Handoko EJ, Azenta MT, Ilyas MF. The role of CXCL10 as a biomarker for immunological response among patients with leprosy: a systematic literature review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17170. [PMID: 38590701 PMCID: PMC11000641 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Involvement of a chemokine known as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 or CXCL10 in the immunopathology of leprosy has emerged as a possible immunological marker for leprosy diagnosis and needed to be investigate further. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess CXCL10's potential utility as a leprosy diagnostic tool and evaluation of therapy. Methods This systematic review is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. A thorough search was carried out to find relevant studies only in English and limited in humans published up until September 2023 using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library database with keywords based on medical subject headings (MeSH) and no exclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was utilized for quality assessment, while the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) was utilized for assessing the risk of bias. Additionally, a narrative synthesis was conducted to provide a comprehensive review of the results. Results We collected a total of 115 studies using defined keywords and 82 studies were eliminated after titles and abstracts were screened. We assessed the eligibility of the remaining 26 reports in full text and excluded four studies due to inappropriate study design and two studies with incomplete outcome data. There were twenty included studies in total with total of 2.525 samples. The included studies received NOS quality evaluation scores ranging from 6 to 8. The majority of items in the risk bias assessment, using RoBANS, across all included studies yielded low scores. However, certain items related to the selection of participants and confounding variables showed variations. Most of studies indicate that CXCL10 may be a helpful immunological marker for leprosy diagnosis, particularly in leprosy reactions as stated in seven studies. The results are better when paired with other immunological markers. Its effectiveness in field-friendly diagnostic tools makes it one of the potential biomarkers used in diagnosing leprosy patients. Additionally, CXCL10 may be utilized to assess the efficacy of multidrug therapy (MDT) in leprosy patients as stated in three studies. Conclusion The results presented in this systematic review supports the importance of CXCL10 in leprosy diagnosis, particularly in leprosy responses and in tracking the efficacy of MDT therapy. Using CXCL10 in clinical settings might help with leprosy early diagnosis. Yet the findings are heterogenous, thus more investigation is required to determine the roles of CXCL10 in leprosy while taking into account for additional confounding variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Haningtyas
- Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Listiana Masyita Dewi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Moch. Tabriz Azenta
- Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhana Fawwazy Ilyas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Azevedo MDCS, Marques H, Binelli LS, Malange MSV, Devides AC, Fachin LRV, Soares CT, Belone ADFF, Rosa PS, Garlet GP, Trombone APF. B lymphocytes deficiency results in altered immune response and increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium leprae in a murine leprosy model. Cytokine 2023; 165:156184. [PMID: 36996537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic and infectious disease that primarily affects the skin and peripheral nervous system, presenting a wide spectrum of clinical forms with different degrees of severity. The distinct host immune response patters developed in the response to the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae, the leprosy etiologic agent, are associated with the spectral clinical forms and outcome of the disease. In this context, B cells are allegedly involved in the disease immunopathogenesis, usually as antibody-producing cells, but also as potential effector or regulatory elements. In order to determine the regulatory B cells role in experimental leprosy, this study evaluated the outcome of M. leprae infection in B cell deficient mice (BKO) and WT C57Bl/6 control, by means of microbiological/bacilloscopic, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis, performed 8 months after M. leprae inoculation. The results demonstrated that infected BKO showed a higher bacilli number when compared with WT animals, demonstrating the importance of these cells in experimental leprosy. The molecular analysis demonstrates that the expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β was significantly higher in the BKO footpads when compared to WT group. Conversely, there was no difference in IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 expression levels in BKO and WT groups. IL-17 expression was significantly higher in the lymph nodes of WT group. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that M1 (CD80+) cells counts were significantly lower in the BKO group, while no significant difference was observed to M2 (CD206+) counts, resulting a skewed M1/M2 balance. These results demonstrated that the absence of B lymphocytes contribute to the persistence and multiplication of M. leprae, probably due to the increased expression of the IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines, as well as a decrease in the number of M1 macrophages in the inflammatory site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heloísa Marques
- Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração, UNISAGRADO - Bauru, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Piauí - Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Larissa S Binelli
- Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração, UNISAGRADO - Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda C Devides
- Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração, UNISAGRADO - Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo P Garlet
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo University - FOB/USP - Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Epitope mapping from Mycobacterium leprae proteins: Convergent data from in silico and in vitro approaches for serodiagnosis of leprosy. Mol Immunol 2021; 138:48-57. [PMID: 34343723 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of immunodominant B-cell epitopes is essential to design powerful diagnostic strategies aiming for antibody detection. Outstanding progress in computational prediction has achieved a significant contribution to the biomedical fields, including immunodiagnosis. In silico analysis may have an even more important role when information concerning antigens from etiologic agents of neglected diseases, such as leprosy, is scarce. The aim of this study was to provide mapping of B-cell epitopes from two Mycobacterium leprae-derived antigens (Ag85B and ML2055), confirm their antigenicity, and to assess the ability of in silico immunoinformatics tools to accurately predict them. Linear B-cell epitopes predicted by ABCpred and SVMTrip servers were compared to antigenic regions of synthetic overlapping peptides that exhibited reactivity to antibodies from patients with leprosy. Our in vitro results identified several immunodominant regions that had also been indicated by in silico prediction, providing agreement between experimental and simulated data. After chemical synthesis, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine the effectiveness of the first identified sequence (GTNVPAEFLENFVHG) which had 72 % sensitivity and 78 % specificity (AUC = 0.79) while the second one (PVSSEAQPGDPNAPS) had 72 % sensitivity and 93.8 % specificity (AUC = 0.85). Using dot blotting, an easy-to-read visual test, both peptides could distinguish sera from patients with leprosy from those with tuberculosis and from sera of healthy volunteers. Our findings suggest that these synthetic peptides, with some refinement, may be useful as serological diagnostic antigens for leprosy. In addition, it was displayed that immunoinformatics provides reliable information for mapping potential B-cell epitopes for development of peptide-based diagnostic assays for neglected diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ribeiro AB, Caloi CM, Pimenta STS, Seshayyan S, Govindarajulu S, Souto FJD, Damazo AS. Expression of annexin-A1 in blood and tissue leukocytes of leprosy patients. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20200277. [PMID: 33263684 PMCID: PMC7723367 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0277-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In leprosy, immune system mediators that regulate the infectious process act in a complex manner and can lead to several clinical outcomes. To understand the behavior of these mediators we quantified the expression of annexin-A1 (ANXA1) in the peripheral blood and plasma as well as tissue leukocytes in all clinical forms of leprosy and compared with healthy controls. METHODS Seventy healthy controls and 70 patients with leprosy, tuberculoid (TT) (n = 13), borderline tuberculoid (BT) (n = 15), borderline borderline (BB) (n = 13), borderline lepromatous (BL) (n = 15), and lepromatous leprosy (LL) (n = 14), were selected. Phenotyping of the lymphocyte cells and the intracellular expression of ANXA1 in leukocytes was performed by immunofluorescence. Plasma protein levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Histiocytes and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the skin of BL and LL patients had higher ANXA1 expression. ANXA1 expression was also high in circulating polymorphonuclear, monocytes, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the blood of LL patients compared to those of TT, BT, BB, and BL patients, and these levels were similar to those in healthy controls. Plasma ANXA1 levels indicate an increase in paracrine release in patients with LL. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that ANXA1 expression is enhanced in the leukocytes and plasma of patients with LL, and may contribute to the inhibition of leukocyte action, leading to inadequate functioning of the immune system and thus contributing to the spread of M. leprae infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Bezerra Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Caroline Marques Caloi
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | | | - Sudha Seshayyan
- The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Guindy, Chennai, India
| | - Srinivas Govindarajulu
- The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Department of Epidemiology, Guindy, Chennai, India
| | - Francisco José Dutra Souto
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Amílcar Sabino Damazo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lei Z, Zhu L, Fang Y, Li X, Liu B. Anomaly detection of bridge health monitoring data based on KNN algorithm. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-189009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition technology is applied to bridge health monitoring to solve abnormalities in bridge health monitoring data. Testing is of great significance. For abnormal data detection, this paper proposes a single variable pattern anomaly detection method based on KNN distance and a multivariate time series anomaly detection method based on the covariance matrix and singular value decomposition. This method first performs compression and segmentation on the original data sequence based on important points to obtain multiple time subsequences, then calculates the pattern distance between each time subsequence according to the similarity measure of the time series, and finally selects the abnormal mode according to the KNN method. In this paper, the reliability of the method is verified through experiments. The experimental results in this paper show that the 5/7/9 / 11-nearest neighbors point to a specific number of nodes. Combined with the original time series diagram corresponding to the time zone view, in this paragraph in the time, the value of the temperature sensor No. 6 stays at 32.5 degrees Celsius for up to one month. The detection algorithm controls the number of MTS subsequences through sliding windows and sliding intervals. The execution time is not large, and the value of K is different. Although the calculated results are different, most of the most obvious abnormal sequences can be detected. The results of this paper provide a certain reference value for the study of abnormal detection of bridge health monitoring data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lei
- Hebei Province Civil Engineering Monitoring and Evaluation Technology Innovation Center, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- School of Cyber Security and Computer Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Youliang Fang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Beizhan Liu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dwivedi VP, Banerjee A, Das I, Saha A, Dutta M, Bhardwaj B, Biswas S, Chattopadhyay D. Diet and nutrition: An important risk factor in leprosy. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103714. [PMID: 31493502 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Leprosy, once considered as poor man's disease may cause severe neurological complications and physical disabilities. Classification of leprosy depends upon the cell mediated and humoral immune responses of the host, from tuberculoid to lepromatous stage. Current therapy to prevent the disease is not only very lengthy but also consists of expensive multiple antibiotics in combination. Treatment and the duration depend on the bacillary loads, from six months in paucibacillary to a year in multibacillary leprosy. Although as per WHO recommendations, these antibiotics are freely available but still out of reach to patients of many rural areas of the world. In this review, we have focused on the nutritional aspect during the multi-drug therapy of leprosy along with the role of nutrition, particularly malnutrition, on susceptibility of Mycobacterium leprae and development of clinical symptoms. We further discussed the diet plan for the patients and how diet plans can affect the immune responses during the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- Rafi Ahmed Dental College, Govt of West Bengal, Moulalai, Kolkata, 7600014, India
| | - Indraneel Das
- Declibac Technologies Private Limited, 24 B, Lake Road, Kolkata, 700 029, India
| | - Aparajita Saha
- Nutri-Diet Kolkata, 34A Charu Avenue, Kolkata, 700033, India
| | - Malabika Dutta
- Department of Dietetics, Kothari Medical Center, 8/3 Alipore Road, Kolkata, 700027, India
| | - Bhavya Bhardwaj
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Saptarshi Biswas
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, India; ICMR-Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, General Block 4, 57 Dr Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alemu Belachew W, Naafs B. Position statement:LEPROSY: Diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1205-1213. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Alemu Belachew
- Department of Dermatovenereology Ayder Referral Hospital Mekelle University Mekelle, Tigray Ethiopia
| | - B. Naafs
- Department of Dermatovenereology Ayder Referral Hospital Mekelle University Mekelle, Tigray Ethiopia
- Regional Dermatology Training Centre (RDTC) Moshi Tanzania
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima (ILSL) Bauru SP Brazil
- Foundation Global Dermatology Munnekeburen the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers and Their Possible Implications in Leprosy's Pathogenesis. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:7067961. [PMID: 30647798 PMCID: PMC6311872 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7067961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy, a dermatoneurological disease which affects the skin and peripheral nerves. One of several cellular structures affected during M. leprae infection is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Infection by microorganisms can result in ER stress and lead to the accumulation of unfolded or poorly folded proteins. To restore homeostasis in the cell, the cell induces a series of signaling cascades known as the unfolded protein response called UPR (unfolded protein response). The present work is aimed at investigating the in situ expression of these markers in cutaneous lesions of clinical forms of leprosy and establish possible correlation expression patterns and types of lesion. A total of 43 samples from leprosy patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against GRP78/BiP, PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6. A statistically significant difference between the indeterminate, tuberculoid, and lepromatous clinical forms was detected, with high expression of GRP78/BiP, PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6 in tuberculoid forms (TT) when compared to lepromatous leprosy (LL) and indeterminate (I) leprosy. These results represent the first evidence of ER stress in samples of skin lesions from leprosy patients. We believe that they will provide better understanding of the complex pathogenesis of the disease and facilitate further characterization of the cascade of molecular events elicited during infection.
Collapse
|
9
|
de Santana JF, da Silva MR, Picheth GF, Yamanaka IB, Fogaça RL, Thomaz-Soccol V, Machado-de-Avila RA, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Sierakowski MR, de Freitas RA, Alvarenga LM, de Moura J. Engineered biomarkers for leprosy diagnosis using labeled and label-free analysis. Talanta 2018; 187:165-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
10
|
Carvalho APM, Coelho ADCO, Correa-Oliveira R, Lana FCF. Specific antigen serologic tests in leprosy: implications for epidemiological surveillance of leprosy cases and household contacts. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:609-616. [PMID: 28902286 PMCID: PMC5572446 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of straightforward tests for field application and known biomarkers for predicting leprosy progression in infected individuals. OBJECTIVE The aim was to analyse the response to infection by Mycobacterium leprae based on the reactivity of specific antigens: natural disaccharide linked to human serum albumin via an octyl (NDOHSA), a semisynthetic phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I); Leprosy Infectious Disease Research Institute Diagnostic-1 (LID-1) and natural disaccharide octyl - Leprosy Infectious Disease Research Institute Diagnostic-1 (NDOLID). METHODS The study population consisted of 130 leprosy cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 and 277 household contacts. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse the reactivity of antibodies against NDOHSA, LID-1 and NDOLID. The samples and controls were tested in duplicate, and the antibody titer was expressed as an ELISA index. Data collection was made by home visits with application of questionnaire and dermatological evaluation of all household contacts to identify signs and symptoms of leprosy. FINDINGS Significant differences in the median ELISA results were observed among leprosy cases in treatment, leprosy cases that had completed treatment and household contacts. Higher proportions of seropositivity were observed in leprosy cases in treatment. Seropositivity was also higher in multibacillary in relation to paucibacillary, with the difference reaching statistical significance. Lower titers were observed among cases with a longer treatment time or discharge. For household contacts, the differences according to the clinical characteristics of the leprosy index case were less pronounced than expected. Other factors, such as the endemicity of leprosy, exposure outside the residence and genetic characteristics, appeared to have a greater influence on the seropositivity. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Serologic tests could be used as auxiliary tools for determining the operational classification, in addition to identifying infected individuals and as a strategy for surveillance of household contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Mendes Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Francisco Carlos Félix Lana
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Azevedo MDCS, Marques H, Binelli LS, Malange MSV, Devides AC, Silva EA, Fachin LRV, Ghidella CC, Soares CT, Garlet GP, Rosa PS, Belone ADFF, Trombone APF. Simultaneous analysis of multiple T helper subsets in leprosy reveals distinct patterns of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs markers expression in clinical forms and reactional events. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 206:429-439. [PMID: 28875310 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Previous studies have demonstrated that the difference among clinical forms of leprosy can be associated with the immune response of patients, mainly by T helper (Th) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Then, aiming at clarifying the immune response, the expression of cytokines related to Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs profiles were evaluated by qPCR in 87 skin biopsies from leprosy patients. Additionally, cytokines and anti-PGL-1 antibodies were determined in serum by ELISA. The results showed that the expression of various targets (mRNA) related to Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs were significantly modulated in leprosy when compared with healthy individuals, suggesting the presence of a mixed profile. In addition, the targets related to Th1 predominated in the tuberculoid pole and side and Th2 and Tregs predominated in the lepromatous pole and side; however, Th17 targets showed a mixed profile. Concerning reactional events, Tregs markers were decreased and IL-15 was increased in reversal reaction and IL-17F, CCL20 and IL-8 in erythema nodosum leprosum, when compared with the respective non-reactional leprosy patients. Additionally, ELISA analysis demonstrated that IL-22, IL-6, IL-10 and anti-PGL-1 antibody levels were significantly higher in the serum of patients when compared with healthy individuals, and IL-10 and anti-PGL-1 antibodies were also increased in the lepromatous pole and side. Together, these results indicate that Th1, Th2 and Th17 are involved in the determination of clinical forms of leprosy and suggest that decreased Tregs activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of reactional events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heloisa Marques
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, São Paulo, 17.011-160, Brazil
| | - Larissa Sarri Binelli
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, São Paulo, 17.011-160, Brazil
| | - Mariana Silva Vieira Malange
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, São Paulo, 17.011-160, Brazil
| | - Amanda Carreira Devides
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, São Paulo, 17.011-160, Brazil
| | - Eliane Aparecida Silva
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 225/226, Bauru, São Paulo, 17034-971, Brazil
| | - Luciana Raquel Vincenzi Fachin
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 225/226, Bauru, São Paulo, 17034-971, Brazil
| | - Cassio Cesar Ghidella
- Centro de Referência de Hanseníase e Tuberculose, Rua Pedro Guimarães s/n, Bairro Santa Cruz, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, 78710-760, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Teixeira Soares
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 225/226, Bauru, São Paulo, 17034-971, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sammarco Rosa
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 225/226, Bauru, São Paulo, 17034-971, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Favaro Trombone
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, São Paulo, 17.011-160, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nogueira MRS, Latini ACP, Nogueira MES. The involvement of endothelial mediators in leprosy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:635-641. [PMID: 27706378 PMCID: PMC5066329 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that requires better understanding since it
continues to be a significant health problem in many parts of the world. Leprosy
reactions are acute inflammatory episodes regarded as the central etiology of nerve
damage in the disease. The activation of endothelium is a relevant phenomenon to be
investigated in leprosy reactions. The present study evaluated the expression of
endothelial factors in skin lesions and serum samples of leprosy patients.
Immunohistochemical analysis of skin samples and serum measurements of VCAM-1, VEGF,
tissue factor and thrombomodulin were performed in 77 leprosy patients and 12
controls. We observed significant increase of VCAM-1 circulating levels in
non-reactional leprosy (p = 0.0009). The immunostaining of VEGF and tissue factor was
higher in endothelium of non-reactional leprosy (p = 0.02 for both) than healthy
controls. Patients with type 1 reaction presented increased thrombomodulin serum
levels, compared with non-reactional leprosy (p = 0.02). In type 2 reaction, no
significant modifications were observed for the endothelial factors investigated. The
anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the endotfhelial factors may play
key-roles in the pathogenesis of leprosy and should be enrolled in studies focusing
on alternative targets to improve the management of leprosy and its reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Renata Sales Nogueira
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Divisão de Pesquisa e Ensino, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Carla Pereira Latini
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Divisão de Pesquisa e Ensino, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grzybowski A, Virmond M. Leprosy: Between biblical descriptions to advances in immunology and diagnostic techniques. Clin Dermatol 2016; 34:1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|