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Villalba-Orero M, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Cerón JJ, Fuentes-Romero B, Valero-González M, Martín-Cuervo M. Association between Eosinophil Count and Cortisol Concentrations in Equids Admitted in the Emergency Unit with Abdominal Pain. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:164. [PMID: 38200895 PMCID: PMC10778409 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress leukogram includes eosinopenia as one of its main markers (neutrophilia, eosinopenia, lymphopenia, and mild monocytosis). Cortisol is the main stress biomarker, which is also strongly correlated with the severity of gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to determine the relationship between salivary cortisol and the eosinophil cell count (EC) in equids with abdominal pain. To do this, 39 horses with abdominal pain referred to an emergency service were included. All samples were taken on admission, and several parameters and clinical data were included. Equids were classified according to the outcome as survivors and non-survivors. Non-surviving equids presented higher salivary cortisol concentrations (Non-Survivors: 1.580 ± 0.816 µg/dL; Survivors 0.988 ± 0.653 µg/dL; p < 0.05) and lower EC (Non-Survivors: 0.0000 × 103/µL (0.000/0.0075); Survivors: 0.0450 × 103/µL (0.010/0.1825); p < 0.01). In addition, the relationship between salivary cortisol concentration, EC, and the WBC was determined. Only a strong correlation (negative) was observed between cortisol and EC (r = -0.523, p < 0.01). Since cortisol is not an analyte that can be measured routinely in clinical settings such as emergencies, the EC could be a good alternative. While the results are promising, further studies are needed before EC can be used confidently in routine practice to predict survival in cases of abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Villalba-Orero
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Jose Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Fuentes-Romero
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (B.F.-R.); (M.V.-G.)
| | - Marta Valero-González
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (B.F.-R.); (M.V.-G.)
| | - María Martín-Cuervo
- Grupo MECIAN, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 10004 Cáceres, Spain;
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Bender M, Haferkorn K, Tajmiri-Gondai S, Stein M, Uhl E. Serum Urea-to-Albumin Ratio Is an Independent Predictor of Intra-Hospital Mortality in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103538. [PMID: 37240644 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The negative prognostic value of an increased serum urea-to-albumin ratio on intra-hospital mortality is frequently investigated in general critically ill patients and patients with septic shock, although not in neurosurgical patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of the serum urea-to-albumin ratio upon hospital admission on intra-hospital mortality in ICU-admitted neurosurgical patients with spontaneous ICH. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 354 ICH patients, who were treated from 10/2008 to 12/2017 at our intensive care units (ICU). Blood samples were taken upon admission, and the patients' demographic, medical, and radiological data were analyzed. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed for the identification of independent prognostic parameters for intra-hospital mortality. RESULTS Overall, the intra-hospital mortality rate was 31.4% (n = 111). In the binary logistic analysis, a higher serum urea-to-albumin ratio (OR = 1.9, CI = 1.23-3.04, p = 0.005) upon admission was identified as an independent predictor of intra-hospital mortality. Furthermore, a serum urea-to-albumin ratio cut-off level of >0.01 was associated with raised intra-hospital mortality (Youden's index = 0.32, sensitivity = 0.57, specificity = 0.25). CONCLUSION A serum urea-to-albumin ratio greater than 1.1 seems to be a prognostic marker to predict intra-hospital mortality in patients with ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bender
- Department of Neurosurgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Kristin Haferkorn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Marco Stein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Uhl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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Bender M, Haferkorn K, Tajmiri-Gondai S, Uhl E, Stein M. Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio as Early Serum Biomarker for Prediction of Intra-Hospital Mortality in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144214. [PMID: 35887976 PMCID: PMC9316478 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognostic value of the fibrinogen to albumin ratio on intrahospital mortality has been investigated in patients with cardiovascular disease, cancer, sepsis, and ischemic stroke; however, it has not been investigated for neurosurgical patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present study investigates the impact of the fibrinogen to albumin ratio upon admission for intrahospital mortality in neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients with spontaneous ICH. Methods: A total of 198 patients with diagnosis of spontaneous ICH treated from 10/2008 to 12/2017 at our ICU were retrospectively analyzed. Blood samples were drawn upon admission, and the patients’ demographic, medical data, and cranial imaging were collected. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for intrahospital mortality. Results: The total rate of intrahospital mortality was 35.4% (n = 70). In the multivariate regression analysis, higher fibrinogen to albumin ratio (OR = 1.16, CI = 1.02−1.31, p = 0.03) upon admission was an independent predictor of intrahospital mortality in neurosurgical ICU patients with ICH. Moreover, a fibrinogen to albumin ratio cut-off level of >0.075 was related to increased intrahospital mortality (Youden’s index = 0.26, sensitivity = 0.51, specificity = 0.77). Conclusion: A fibrinogen to albumin ratio > 0.075 was significantly associated with increased intrahospital mortality in ICH patients.
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Singh I, Edwards I, Rose'meyer R. The Role of Cortisol in the Development of Post-Stroke Dementia: A Narrative Review. HEART AND MIND 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_32_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bender M, Naumann T, Uhl E, Stein M. Early Serum Biomarkers for Intensive Care Unit Treatment within the First 24 Hours in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2020; 82:138-146. [PMID: 33291152 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of serum biomarkers in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is not well investigated concerning inhospital mortality (IHM) and cardiopulmonary events within the first 24 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. The influence of troponin I (TNI) value and cortisol value (CV) on cardiopulmonary events within the first 24 hours of ICU treatment was reported in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, but not in ICH patients up to now. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of early serum biomarkers on IHM and TNI value and CV on cardiopulmonary events within the first 24 hours of ICU treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 329 patients with spontaneous ICH were retrospectively analyzed. Blood samples were taken on admission to measure serum biomarkers. The TNI value and CV were defined as biomarkers for cardiopulmonary stress. Demographic data, cardiopulmonary parameters, including norepinephrine application rate (NAR) in microgram per kilogram per minute and inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) within the first 24 hours, and treatment regime were analyzed concerning their impact on ICU treatment and in hospital outcome. Binary logistic analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors for IHM. RESULTS Patients with initially nonelevated CVs required higher NAR (p = 0.01) and FiO2 (p = 0.046) within the first 24 hours of ICU treatment. Lower cholinesterase level (p = 0.004), higher NAR (p = 0.002), advanced age (p < 0.0001), larger ICH volume (p < 0.0001), presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (p = 0.007) and hydrocephalus (p = 0.009), raised level of C-reactive protein (p = 0.024), serum lactate (p = 0.003), and blood glucose (p = 0.05) on admission were significantly associated with IHM. In a multivariate model, age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.055; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026-1.085; p < 0.0001), ICH volume (OR: 1.016; CI: 1.008-1.025; p < 0.0001), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (OR: 0.680; CI: 0.605-0.764; p < 0.0001) on admission as well as requiring NAR (OR: 1.171; CI: 1.026-1.337; p = 0.02) and FiO2 (OR: 0.951; CI: 0.921-0.983, p = 0.003) within the first 24 hours were independent predictors of IHM. CONCLUSION Higher levels of C-reactive protein, serum lactate, blood glucose, and lower cholinesterase level on admission were significantly associated with IHM. Patients with initially nonelevated CVs required higher NAR and FiO2 within the first 24 hours of ICU treatment. Furthermore, requiring an NAR > 0.5 µg/kg/min or an FiO2 > 0.21 were identified as additional independent predictors for IHM. These results could be helpful to improve ICU treatment in ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bender
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg Standort Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tim Naumann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg Standort Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Uhl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg Standort Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marco Stein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg Standort Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Bender M, Haferkorn K, Friedrich M, Uhl E, Stein M. Impact of Early C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio on Intra-Hospital Mortality Among Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041236. [PMID: 32344777 PMCID: PMC7230407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The impact of increased C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio on intra-hospital mortality has been investigated among patients admitted to general intensive care units (ICU). However, it was not investigated among patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to investigate the impact of CRP/albumin ratio on intra-hospital mortality in patients with ICH. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 379 ICH patients admitted between 02/2008 and 12/2017. Blood samples were drawn upon admission and the patients’ demographic, medical, and radiological data were collected. The identification of the independent prognostic factors for intra-hospital mortality was calculated using binary logistic regression and COX regression analysis. Results: Multivariate regression analysis shows that higher CRP/albumin ratio (odds ratio (OR) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.193–2.317, p = 0.003) upon admission is an independent predictor of intra-hospital mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that an increase of 1 in the CRP/albumin ratio was associated with a 15.3% increase in the risk of intra-hospital mortality (hazard ratio = 1.153, 95% CI = 1.005–1.322, p = 0.42). Furthermore, a CRP/albumin ratio cut-off value greater than 1.22 was associated with increased intra-hospital mortality (Youden’s Index = 0.19, sensitivity = 28.8, specificity = 89.9, p = 0.007). Conclusions: A CRP/albumin ratio greater than 1.22 upon admission was significantly associated with intra-hospital mortality in the ICH patients.
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Gregório T, Pipa S, Cavaleiro P, Atanásio G, Albuquerque I, Chaves PC, Azevedo L. Assessment and Comparison of the Four Most Extensively Validated Prognostic Scales for Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Neurocrit Care 2020; 30:449-466. [PMID: 30426449 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-018-0633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disorder, responsible for 10% of all strokes. Several prognostic scores have been developed for this population to predict mortality and functional outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the four most frequently validated and most widely used scores, assess their discrimination for both outcomes by means of a systematic review with meta-analysis, and compare them using meta-regression. METHODS PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and CENTRAL were searched for studies validating the ICH score, ICH-GS, modified ICH, and the FUNC score in ICH patients. C-statistic was chosen as the measure of discrimination. For each score and outcome, C-statistics were aggregated at four different time points using random effect models, and heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. Score comparison was undertaken by pooling all C-statistics at different time points using robust variance estimation (RVE) and performing meta-regression, with the score used as the independent variable. RESULTS Fifty-three studies were found validating the original ICH score, 14 studies were found validating the ICH-GS, eight studies were found validating the FUNC score, and five studies were found validating the modified ICH score. Most studies attempted outcome prediction at 3 months or earlier. Pooled C-statistics ranged from 0.76 for FUNC functional outcome prediction at discharge to 0.85 for ICH-GS mortality prediction at 3 months, but heterogeneity was high across studies. RVE showed the ICH score retained the highest discrimination for mortality (c = 0.84), whereas the modified ICH score retained the highest discrimination for functional outcome (c = 0.80), but these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The ICH score is the most extensively validated score in ICH patients and, in the absence of superior prediction by other scores, should preferably be used. Further studies are needed to validate prognostic scores at longer follow-ups and assess the reasons for heterogeneity in discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Gregório
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Centre, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. .,Stroke Unit, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Centre, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - Sara Pipa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Centre, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cavaleiro
- Intensive Care Department, Algarve University Hospital Centre, Rua Leão Penedo, 8000-386, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Atanásio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Centre, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Inês Albuquerque
- Department of Internal Medicine, São João Hospital Centre, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Castro Chaves
- Department of Internal Medicine, São João Hospital Centre, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Stroke Unit, São João Hospital Centre, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Azevedo
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research and Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
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Wang Y, Zhou S, Bao J, Pan S, Zhang X. Low T 3 levels as a predictor marker predict the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:559-566. [PMID: 27401927 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1211649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early and accurate prediction of outcome in acute stroke is important. The aim of this prospective study was to explore the correlation between serum triiodothyronine level and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS A prospective observational study which included 359 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke from December 2014 to November 2015 was interrogated. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were measured on admission to understand their value in predicting functional outcome within 90 d using multivariable models adjusted for confounding factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to define the best cut-off value of triiodothyronine to predict outcome. The accuracy of the test was assessed measuring the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). RESULTS Triiodothyronine was significantly decreased in patients with an unfavorable functional outcome as compared to patients with a favorable functional outcome within 90 d (p = 0.01). Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that lower triiodothyronine concentrations on admission were associated with a risk for poor outcomes (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.25; p < 0.01). In addition, in ROC curve analysis, triiodothyronine may improve the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in predicting functional outcome. The combined model AUROC was 0.84 for 30 d and 0.91 for 90 d, which were both significantly higher than the AUROCs of original NIHSS (0.83 and 0.87), triiodothyronine (0.64 and 0.69) and age (0.57 and 0.68) (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low serum triiodothyronine levels can be a predictive marker of short-term outcome after ischemic stroke. A combined model (triiodothyronine, age and NIHSS score) can add significant additional predictive information to the clinical score of the NIHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- a Department of neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | | | - Jianhong Bao
- a Department of neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Sipei Pan
- a Department of neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xu Zhang
- a Department of neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
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Hori YS, Fukuhara T, Aoi M, Namba Y. Eosinopenia in Children following Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Prolonged Hospital Admission. Pediatr Neurosurg 2016; 51:57-60. [PMID: 26636657 DOI: 10.1159/000441390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophilia is associated with brain injury and is frequently accompanied by eosinopenia. Although eosinopenia is a poor prognostic indicator for various diseases, its significance in intracranial events has not been investigated. METHODS We retrospectively included 22 pediatric patients (≤18 years old) who experienced traumatic intracranial hemorrhage between 2002 and 2015. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of eosinopenia on admission, i.e. the proportion of eosinophils to total white blood cells <1.0%. RESULTS The mean Glasgow Coma Scale score was marginally lower in the eosinopenia group (14.1 vs. 12.0, p = 0.06). The mean Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) score was significantly lower in the eosinopenia group (7.5 vs. 5.7, p = 0.02), and the mean length of hospital stay tended to be longer in patients with eosinopenia (7.8 vs. 28.4, p = 0.10). In our multivariate logistic regression analysis, eosinopenia was the only significant risk factor for poor outcome (GOSE score 1-7, OR 29.7, p = 0.03) and prolonged hospital stay (>2 weeks, OR 7.1, p = 0.047). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the significance of eosinopenia as a novel prognostic factor in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke S Hori
- Department of Neurological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
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Park HK, Chon J, Park HJ, Chung JH, Baik HH. Association between two promoter polymorphisms (rs1893219 and rs1893220) of MC2R gene and intracerebral hemorrhage in Korean population. Neurosci Lett 2015; 602:1-5. [PMID: 26115626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has an important role in the pathogenesis of stroke. We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) receptor, were associated with the development of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in Korean population. Two promoter SNPs [rs1893219 (-853A/G) and rs1893220 (-759G/T)] were genotyped in 145 ICH patients and 331 control subjects using direct sequencing. Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values. Two SNPs were associated with the development of ICH (rs1893219, p=0.003 in log-additive model, p=0.023 in dominant model, p=0.002 in recessive model; rs1893220, p=0.005 in log-additive model, p=0.021 in dominant model, p=0.003 in recessive model). The frequencies of the G allele of rs1893219 and the T allele of rs1893220 were decreased in ICH group compared to control group (p=0.003 and p=0.004, respectively). The frequencies of the AG and GT haplotypes comprised of rs1893219 and rs1893220 were also significantly different between the ICH and control groups (p=0.0026 and p=0.0034, respectively). These data suggest that the MC2R gene may contribute to the development of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmann Chon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Chung
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Hwan Baik
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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