1
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Lopriore P, Palermo G, Meli A, Bellini G, Benevento E, Montano V, Siciliano G, Mancuso M, Ceravolo R. Mitochondrial Parkinsonism: A Practical Guide to Genes and Clinical Diagnosis. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:948-965. [PMID: 38943319 PMCID: PMC11329577 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are the most common inborn errors of energy metabolism, with a combined prevalence of 1 in 4300. They can result from mutations in either nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These disorders are multisystemic and mainly affect high energy-demanding tissues, such as muscle and the central nervous system (CNS). Among many clinical features of CNS involvement, parkinsonism is one of the most common movement disorders in PMDs. METHODS This review provides a pragmatic educational overview of the most recent advances in the field of mitochondrial parkinsonism, from pathophysiology and genetic etiologies to phenotype and diagnosis. RESULTS mtDNA maintenance and mitochondrial dynamics alterations represent the principal mechanisms underlying mitochondrial parkinsonism. It can be present in isolation, alongside other movement disorders or, more commonly, as part of a multisystemic phenotype. Mutations in several nuclear-encoded genes (ie, POLG, TWNK, SPG7, and OPA1) and, more rarely, mtDNA mutations, are responsible for mitochondrial parkinsonism. Progressive external opthalmoplegia and optic atrophy may guide genetic etiology identification. CONCLUSION A comprehensive deep-phenotyping approach is needed to reach a diagnosis of mitochondrial parkinsonism, which lacks distinctive clinical features and exemplifies the intricate genotype-phenotype interplay of PMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piervito Lopriore
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases–Parkinson's Disease and Movement DisordersUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Adriana Meli
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Gabriele Bellini
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases–Parkinson's Disease and Movement DisordersUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Elena Benevento
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases–Parkinson's Disease and Movement DisordersUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Vincenzo Montano
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases–Parkinson's Disease and Movement DisordersUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
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2
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M, Riederer P. Toxic interactions between dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, and genes in mitochondria of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:639-661. [PMID: 38196001 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by its distinct pathological features; loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites containing modified α-synuclein. Beneficial effects of L-DOPA and dopamine replacement therapy indicate dopamine deficit as one of the main pathogenic factors. Dopamine and its oxidation products are proposed to induce selective vulnerability in dopamine neurons. However, Parkinson's disease is now considered as a generalized disease with dysfunction of several neurotransmitter systems caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenic factors include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein accumulation, programmed cell death, impaired proteolytic systems, neuroinflammation, and decline of neurotrophic factors. This paper presents interactions among dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, its inhibitors, and related genes in mitochondria. α-Synuclein inhibits dopamine synthesis and function. Vice versa, dopamine oxidation by monoamine oxidase produces toxic aldehydes, reactive oxygen species, and quinones, which modify α-synuclein, and promote its fibril production and accumulation in mitochondria. Excessive dopamine in experimental models modifies proteins in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and inhibits the function. α-Synuclein and familiar Parkinson's disease-related gene products modify the expression and activity of monoamine oxidase. Type A monoamine oxidase is associated with neuroprotection by an unspecific dose of inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, rasagiline and selegiline. Rasagiline and selegiline prevent α-synuclein fibrillization, modulate this toxic collaboration, and exert neuroprotection in experimental studies. Complex interactions between these pathogenic factors play a decisive role in neurodegeneration in PD and should be further defined to develop new therapies for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan.
| | - Wakako Maruyama
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Masayo Shamoto-Nagai
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Peter Riederer
- Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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3
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Elwan M, Schaefer AM, Craig K, Hopton S, Falkous G, Blakely EL, Taylor RW, Warren N. Changing faces of mitochondrial disease: autosomal recessive POLG disease mimicking myasthenia gravis and progressive supranuclear palsy. BMJ Neurol Open 2022; 4:e000352. [PMID: 36518302 PMCID: PMC9743281 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2022-000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial disorders are known to cause diverse neurological phenotypes which cause a diagnostic challenge to most neurologists. Pathogenic polymerase gamma (POLG) variants have been described as a cause of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, which manifests with ptosis, horizontal and vertical eye movement restriction and myopathy. Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia is rarely associated with Parkinsonism responsive to levodopa. Methods We report a case of a 58-year-old man who presented with an eye movement disorder then Parkinsonism who made his way through the myasthenia then the movement disorder clinic. Results A diagnostic right tibialis anterior biopsy revealed classical hallmarks of mitochondrial disease, and genetic testing identified compound heterozygous pathogenic gene variants in the POLG gene. The patient was diagnosed with autosomal recessive POLG disease. Conclusions It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion of pathogenic POLG variants in patients presenting with atypical Parkinsonism and ophthalmoplegia. Patients with POLG-related disease will usually have ptosis, and downgaze is typically preserved until late in the disease. Accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate prognosis and genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menatalla Elwan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew M Schaefer
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kate Craig
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sila Hopton
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gavin Falkous
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma L Blakely
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Naomi Warren
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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4
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Targeting Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Approach for Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1499-1518. [PMID: 35951210 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is among the most critical challenges that involve modern societies and annually influences millions of patients worldwide. While the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complicated, the role of mitochondrial is demonstrated. The in vitro and in vivo models and genome-wide association studies in human cases proved that specific genes, including PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1, SNCA, and LRRK2, linked mitochondrial dysfunction with PD. Also, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of PD. Targeting mitochondria as a therapeutic approach to inhibit or slow down PD formation and progression seems to be an exciting issue. The current review summarized known mutations associated with both mitochondrial dysfunction and PD. The significance of mtDNA in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and potential PD therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial dysfunction was then discussed.
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5
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Ondaro J, Hernandez-Eguiazu H, Garciandia-Arcelus M, Loera-Valencia R, Rodriguez-Gómez L, Jiménez-Zúñiga A, Goikolea J, Rodriguez-Rodriguez P, Ruiz-Martinez J, Moreno F, Lopez de Munain A, Holt IJ, Gil-Bea FJ, Gereñu G. Defects of Nutrient Signaling and Autophagy in Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:836196. [PMID: 35419363 PMCID: PMC8996160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.836196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are post-mitotic cells that allocate huge amounts of energy to the synthesis of new organelles and molecules, neurotransmission and to the maintenance of redox homeostasis. In neurons, autophagy is not only crucial to ensure organelle renewal but it is also essential to balance nutritional needs through the mobilization of internal energy stores. A delicate crosstalk between the pathways that sense nutritional status of the cell and the autophagic processes to recycle organelles and macronutrients is fundamental to guarantee the proper functioning of the neuron in times of energy scarcity. This review provides a detailed overview of the pathways and processes involved in the balance of cellular energy mediated by autophagy, which when defective, precipitate the neurodegenerative cascade of Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ondaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Haizea Hernandez-Eguiazu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maddi Garciandia-Arcelus
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Loera-Valencia
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Rodriguez-Gómez
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Jiménez-Zúñiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julen Goikolea
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Fermín Moreno
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ian James Holt
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gil-Bea
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorka Gereñu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
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6
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Manini A, Abati E, Comi GP, Corti S, Ronchi D. Mitochondrial DNA homeostasis impairment and dopaminergic dysfunction: A trembling balance. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101578. [PMID: 35114397 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) homeostasis includes a variety of processes, such as mtDNA replication, repair, and nucleotides synthesis, aimed at preserving the structural and functional integrity of mtDNA molecules. Mutations in several nuclear genes (i.e., POLG, POLG2, TWNK, OPA1, DGUOK, MPV17, TYMP) impair mtDNA maintenance, leading to clinical syndromes characterized by mtDNA depletion and/or deletions in affected tissues. In the past decades, studies have demonstrated a progressive accumulation of multiple mtDNA deletions in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in elderly population and, to a greater extent, in Parkinson's disease patients. Moreover, parkinsonism has been frequently described as a prominent clinical feature in mtDNA instability syndromes. Among Parkinson's disease-related genes with a significant role in mitochondrial biology, PARK2 and LRRK2 specifically take part in mtDNA maintenance. Moreover, a variety of murine models (i.e., "Mutator", "MitoPark", "PD-mitoPstI", "Deletor", "Twinkle-dup" and "TwinkPark") provided in vivo evidence that mtDNA stability is required to preserve nigrostriatal integrity. Here, we review and discuss the clinical, genetic, and pathological background underlining the link between impaired mtDNA homeostasis and dopaminergic degeneration.
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7
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Camptocormia as the main manifestation of a mutation in the POLG gene. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021; 36:390-392. [PMID: 34714238 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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8
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Riboldi GM, Frattini E, Monfrini E, Frucht SJ, Fonzo AD. A Practical Approach to Early-Onset Parkinsonism. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:1-26. [PMID: 34569973 PMCID: PMC8842790 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset parkinsonism (EO parkinsonism), defined as subjects with disease onset before the age of 40 or 50 years, can be the main clinical presentation of a variety of conditions that are important to differentiate. Although rarer than classical late-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD) and not infrequently overlapping with forms of juvenile onset PD, a correct diagnosis of the specific cause of EO parkinsonism is critical for offering appropriate counseling to patients, for family and work planning, and to select the most appropriate symptomatic or etiopathogenic treatments. Clinical features, radiological and laboratory findings are crucial for guiding the differential diagnosis. Here we summarize the most important conditions associated with primary and secondary EO parkinsonism. We also proposed a practical approach based on the current literature and expert opinion to help movement disorders specialists and neurologists navigate this complex and challenging landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulietta M Riboldi
- The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emanuele Frattini
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Monfrini
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Steven J Frucht
- The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
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9
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Montano V, Orsucci D, Carelli V, La Morgia C, Valentino ML, Lamperti C, Marchet S, Musumeci O, Toscano A, Primiano G, Santorelli FM, Ticci C, Filosto M, Rubegni A, Mongini T, Tonin P, Servidei S, Ceravolo R, Siciliano G, Mancuso M. Adult-onset mitochondrial movement disorders: a national picture from the Italian Network. J Neurol 2021; 269:1413-1421. [PMID: 34259909 PMCID: PMC8857085 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Both prevalence and clinical features of the various movement disorders in adults with primary mitochondrial diseases are unknown. Methods Based on the database of the “Nation-wide Italian Collaborative Network of Mitochondrial Diseases”, we reviewed the clinical, genetic, neuroimaging and neurophysiological data of adult patients with primary mitochondrial diseases (n = 764) where ataxia, myoclonus or other movement disorders were part of the clinical phenotype. Results Ataxia, myoclonus and movement disorders were present in 105/764 adults (13.7%), with the onset coinciding or preceding the diagnosis of the mitochondrial disease in 49/105 (46.7%). Ataxia and parkinsonism were the most represented, with an overall prevalence at last follow-up of 59.1% and 30.5%, respectively. Hyperkinetic movement disorders were reported in 15.3% at last follow-up, being the less common reported movement disorders. The pathogenic m.8344A > G and POLG variants were always associated with a movement disorder, while LHON variants and mtDNA single deletions were more commonly found in the subjects who did not present a movement disorder. The most common neuroimaging features were cortical and/or cerebellar atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, basal ganglia abnormalities and nigro-striatal degeneration. Almost 70% of patients with parkinsonism responded to dopaminergic therapy, mainly levodopa, and 50% with myoclonus were successfully treated with levetiracetam. Conclusion Movement disorders, mainly ataxia and parkinsonism, are important findings in adult primary mitochondrial diseases. This study underlies the importance of looking for a mitochondrial etiology in the diagnostic flowchart of a movement disorder and may help direct genetic screening in daily practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-021-10697-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Montano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Orsucci
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy
| | - V Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C La Morgia
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - M L Valentino
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Lamperti
- UO Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - S Marchet
- UO Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - O Musumeci
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Toscano
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Primiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - F M Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Ticci
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Filosto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia and NeMO-Brescia Clinical Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Rubegni
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Mongini
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - P Tonin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Servidei
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - R Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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10
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Li LX, Jiang LT, Pan YG, Zhang XL, Pan LZ, Nie ZY, Chen YH, Jin LJ. Clinical and Molecular Features of POLG-Related Sensory Ataxic Neuropathy with Dysarthria and Ophthalmoparesis. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2462-2467. [PMID: 33791913 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO) is a rare mitochondrial disorder associated with mutations in the POLG gene, which encodes the DNA polymerase gamma catalytic subunit. A few POLG-related SANDO cases have been reported, but the genotype-phenotype correlation remains unclear. Here, we report a patient with SANDO carrying two novel missense variants (c.2543G>C, p.G848A and c.452 T>C, p.L151P) in POLG. We also reviewed previously reported cases to systematically evaluate the clinical and genetic features of POLG-related SANDO. A total of 35 distinct variants in the coding region of POLG were identified in 63 patients with SANDO. The most frequent variant was the p.A467T variant, followed by the p.W748S variant. The clinical spectrum of SANDO is heterogeneous. No clear correlation has been observed between the mutation types and clinical phenotypes. Our findings expand the mutational spectrum of POLG and contribute to clinical management and genetic counseling for POLG-related SANDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xi Li
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ting Jiang
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Gui Pan
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Zhen Pan
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Nie
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hui Chen
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Jing Jin
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Müller‐Nedebock AC, Westhuizen FH, Kõks S, Bardien S. Nuclear Genes Associated with Mitochondrial
DNA
Processes as Contributors to Parkinson's Disease Risk. Mov Disord 2021; 36:815-831. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.28475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amica C. Müller‐Nedebock
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa
| | | | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa
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12
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Gopurappilly R. Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Neurons as In Vitro Models for Studying Autosomal Recessive Parkinson's Disease (ARPD): PLA2G6 and Other Gene Loci. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:115-133. [PMID: 33990932 PMCID: PMC7612166 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative motor disorder which is largely sporadic; however, some familial forms have been identified. Genetic PD can be inherited by autosomal, dominant or recessive mutations. While the dominant mutations mirror the prototype of PD with adult-onset and L-dopa-responsive cases, autosomal recessive PD (ARPD) exhibit atypical phenotypes with additional clinical manifestations. Young-onset PD is also very common with mutations in recessive gene loci. The main genes associated with ARPD are Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, ATP13A2, FBXO7 and PLA2G6. Calcium dyshomeostasis is a mainstay in all types of PD, be it genetic or sporadic. Intriguingly, calcium imbalances manifesting as altered Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) is suggested in PLA2G6-linked PARK 14 PD. The common pathways underlying ARPD pathology, including mitochondrial abnormalities and autophagic dysfunction, can be investigated ex vivo using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and are discussed here. PD pathophysiology is not faithfully replicated by animal models, and, therefore, nigral dopaminergic neurons generated from iPSC serve as improved human cellular models. With no cure to date and treatments aiming at symptomatic relief, these in vitro models derived through midbrain floor-plate induction provide a platform to understand the molecular and biochemical pathways underlying PD etiology in a patient-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjitha Gopurappilly
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India.
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13
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Sancho Saldaña A, Lázaro Romero A, Capablo Liesa JL, Alarcia Alejos R. [Camptocormia as the main manifestation of a mutation in the POLG gene]. Neurologia 2020. [PMID: 32893071 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Sancho Saldaña
- Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
| | - A Lázaro Romero
- Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
| | - J L Capablo Liesa
- Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
| | - R Alarcia Alejos
- Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
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14
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Maghbooli M, Ghaffarpour M, Ghazizadeh T, Shalbaf NA, MalekMahmoudi G. Clinicogenetical Variants of Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia - An Especial Review of Non-ophthalmic Manifestations. Neurol India 2020; 68:760-768. [PMID: 32859811 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.293454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) is a slowly progressive myopathy characterized by extraocular muscles involvement, leading to frozen eyes without diplopia. The pattern of inheritance may be mitochondrial, autosomal dominant or, rarely, autosomal recessive. Sporadic forms were also reported. Muscular involvement other than extraocular muscles may occur with varying degrees of weakness, but this mostly happens many years after the disease begins. There are also scattered data about systemic signs besides ophthalmoplegia. This article aims to review non-ophthalmic findings of PEO from a clinicogenetical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Maghbooli
- Department of Neurology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Ghaffarpour
- Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Ghazizadeh
- Department of Neurology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nazanin Azizi Shalbaf
- Department of Neurology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ghazal MalekMahmoudi
- Department of Neurology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Zanjan, Iran
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15
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Monzio Compagnoni G, Di Fonzo A, Corti S, Comi GP, Bresolin N, Masliah E. The Role of Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Diseases: the Lesson from Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2959-2980. [PMID: 32445085 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is still widely unclear, various mechanisms have been proposed and several pieces of evidence are supportive for an important role of mitochondrial dysfunction. The present review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview about the role of mitochondria in the two most common neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial involvement in AD is supported by clinical features like reduced glucose and oxygen brain metabolism and by numerous microscopic and molecular findings, including altered mitochondrial morphology, impaired respiratory chain function, and altered mitochondrial DNA. Furthermore, amyloid pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction seem to be bi-directionally correlated. Mitochondria have an even more remarkable role in PD. Several hints show that respiratory chain activity, in particular complex I, is impaired in the disease. Mitochondrial DNA alterations, involving deletions, point mutations, depletion, and altered maintenance, have been described. Mutations in genes directly implicated in mitochondrial functioning (like Parkin and PINK1) are responsible for rare genetic forms of the disease. A close connection between alpha-synuclein accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed. Finally, mitochondria are involved also in atypical parkinsonisms, in particular multiple system atrophy. The available knowledge is still not sufficient to clearly state whether mitochondrial dysfunction plays a primary role in the very initial stages of these diseases or is secondary to other phenomena. However, the presented data strongly support the hypothesis that whatever the initial cause of neurodegeneration is, mitochondrial impairment has a critical role in maintaining and fostering the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Monzio Compagnoni
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. .,Department of Neurology, Khurana Laboratory, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neuroscience and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Chen C, Vincent AE, Blain AP, Smith AL, Turnbull DM, Reeve AK. Investigation of mitochondrial biogenesis defects in single substantia nigra neurons using post-mortem human tissues. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 134:104631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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17
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Li J, Xue C, Gao Q, Tan J, Wan Z. Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy rises in substantial nigra of aged PINK1 KO mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:1024-1029. [PMID: 31727366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in PINK1 and Parkin result in early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). PINK1/Parkin pathway maintain mitochondrial function by mediating the clearance of damaged mitochondria. However, the role of PINK1/Parkin in maintaining the balance of mtDNA heteroplasmy is still unknown. Here, we isolated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from cortex, striatum and substantia nigra of wildtype (WT), PINK1 knockout (PINK1 KO) and Parkin knockout (Parkin KO) mice to analyze mtDNA heteroplasmy induced by PINK1/Parkin deficiency or aging. Our results showed that the Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) of late-onset somatic variants mainly increased with aging. Conversely, the early-onset somatic variants exhibited significant increase in the cortex and substantia nigra of PINK1 KO mice than WT mice of the same age. Increased average variant allele frequency was observed in aged PINK1 KO mice and in substantial nigra of aged Parkin KO mice than in WT mice. Cumulative variant allele frequency in the substantia nigra of PINK1 KO mice was significantly higher than that in WT mice, further supporting the pivotal role of PINK1 in mtDNA maintenance. This study presented a new evidence for PINK1 and Parkin in participating in mitochondrial quality control and provided clues for further revealing the role of PINK1 and Parkin in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunyan Xue
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingtao Gao
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengqing Wan
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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18
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How to approach a patient with parkinsonism - red flags for atypical parkinsonism. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 149:1-34. [PMID: 31779810 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome defined by bradykinesia plus rigidity or tremor. Though most commonly encountered in the setting of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, a number of neurodegenerative, structural, metabolic and toxic neurological disorders can result in parkinsonism. Accurately diagnosing the underlying cause of parkinsonism is of both therapeutic and prognostic relevance, especially as we enter the era of disease-modifying treatment trials for neurodegenerative disorders. Being aware of the wide array of potential causes of parkinsonism is of paramount importance for clinicians. In this chapter, we present a pragmatic clinical approach to patients with parkinsonism, specifically focusing on 'red flags', which should alert one to consider diagnoses other than idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
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19
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Hsieh PC, Wang CC, Tsai CL, Yeh YM, Lee YS, Wu YR. POLG R964C and GBA L444P mutations in familial Parkinson's disease: Case report and literature review. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01281. [PMID: 30941926 PMCID: PMC6520296 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerase gamma (POLG) is an enzyme responsible for the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in POLG may cause variable clinical manifestations, including parkinsonism, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and progressive external ophthalmoplegia. However, mutations of this gene are rare in patients with typical Parkinson's disease (PD). We report a man (current age: 59 years) without any underlying disease presenting with right-hand tremor at the age of 39 years, followed by slow movement, rigidity, and postural instability. He developed motor fluctuation and levodopa-induced dyskinesia 8 years later. At the age of 58 years, cognitive decline and visual hallucination ensued; he was institutionalized thereafter. We used multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, which demonstrated no large deletions or duplications of relevant PD genes. Next, targeted sequencing panel covering 51 genes causative for PD was applied for the proband; it revealed a heterozygous missense substitution R964C in POLG and a heterozygous missense substitution L444P in GBA. The patient's father, who had been diagnosed as having PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus at the age of 70 years, demonstrated identical mutations. This is the first report of familial PD combined with POLG R964C and GBA L444P mutations. Two pathogenic gene mutations potentially cause double hit in pathological neurodegeneration. This finding extends our understanding of the PD genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Tsai
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun Shien Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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20
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Meira B, Roque R, Pinto M, Caetano A. Late-onset presentation of POLG1-associated mitochondrial disease. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/3/e228482. [PMID: 30936349 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the nuclear POLG1 gene compromise the integrity of mitochondrial DNA and show great allelic and clinical heterogeneity. Among adult POLG1-associated mitochondrial disease, the main clinical feature is chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Other related clinical manifestations are sensory or cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, myopathy or extrapyramidal symptoms. We report the case of a 72-year-old man who presented with a late onset sensory neuronopathy, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, gait ataxia and parkinsonism. Genetic studies showed a compound heterozygosity of known pathogenic mutations in the POLG1 gene (variant T252I/P587 L in cis configuration in allele 1 and variant R807C in allele 2). Late life presentation highlights that mitochondrial disorders should be considered regardless of age of onset of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Meira
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Roque
- Neuropathology Unit - Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pinto
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André Caetano
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Felhi R, Sfaihi L, Charif M, Desquiret-Dumas V, Bris C, Goudenège D, Ammar-Keskes L, Hachicha M, Bonneau D, Procaccio V, Reynier P, Amati-Bonneau P, Lenaers G, Fakhfakh F. Next generation sequencing in family with MNGIE syndrome associated to optic atrophy: Novel homozygous POLG mutation in the C-terminal sub-domain leading to mtDNA depletion. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 488:104-110. [PMID: 30395865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial diseases are a group of disorders caused mainly by the impairment of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process, due to mutations either in the mitochondrial or nuclear genome. Among them, the mitochondrial neuro-gastrointestinal encephalo-myopathy (MNGIE) syndrome affects adolescents or young adults, and is mostly caused by TYMP mutations encoding a cytosolic thymidine phosphorylase (TP). PATIENTS AND METHODS The present study reports the molecular investigation by next-generation re-sequencing of 281 nuclear genes, encoding mitochondrial proteins, of consanguineous family including two individuals with MNGIE syndrome associated to optic atrophy. Bioinformatic analysis was also performed in addition to mtDNA deletion screening and mtDNA copy number quantification in blood of the two patients which were carried out by solf clipping program and qPCR respectively. RESULTS Next-generation re-sequencing revealed a novel homozygous c.2391G > T POLG mutation (p.M797I) co-occurring with the hypomorphic c.1311A > G OPA1 variant (p.I437M). Analysis of the mitochondrial genome in the two patients disclosed mtDNA depletion in blood, but no deletion. Bio-informatics investigations supported the pathogenicity of the novel POLG mutation that is located in the C-terminal subdomain and might change POLG 3D structure, stability and function. CONCLUSION The novel homozygous p.M797I POLG mutation is responsible for MNGIE combined to optic atrophy and mtDNA depletion in the two patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Felhi
- Molecular and Functional Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Lamia Sfaihi
- Department of Pediatry, University Hospital Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Majida Charif
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Valerie Desquiret-Dumas
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Céline Bris
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - David Goudenège
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Leila Ammar-Keskes
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medecine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mongia Hachicha
- Department of Pediatry, University Hospital Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Faiza Fakhfakh
- Molecular and Functional Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
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Batllori M, Molero-Luis M, Ormazabal A, Montero R, Sierra C, Ribes A, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E, O'Callaghan M, Pias L, Nascimento A, Palau F, Armstrong J, Yubero D, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, García-Cazorla A, Artuch R. Cerebrospinal fluid monoamines, pterins, and folate in patients with mitochondrial diseases: systematic review and hospital experience. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1147-1158. [PMID: 29974349 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of genetic disorders leading to the dysfunction of mitochondrial energy metabolism pathways. We aimed to assess the clinical phenotype and the biochemical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biogenic amine profiles of patients with different diagnoses of genetic mitochondrial diseases. We recruited 29 patients with genetically confirmed mitochondrial diseases harboring mutations in either nuclear or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes. Signs and symptoms of impaired neurotransmission and neuroradiological data were recorded. CSF monoamines, pterins, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) concentrations were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical and fluorescence detection procedures. The mtDNA mutations were studied by Sanger sequencing, Southern blot, and real-time PCR, and nuclear DNA was assessed either by Sanger or next-generation sequencing. Five out of 29 cases showed predominant dopaminergic signs not attributable to basal ganglia involvement, harboring mutations in different nuclear genes. A chi-square test showed a statistically significant association between high homovanillic acid (HVA) values and low CSF 5-MTHF values (chi-square = 10.916; p = 0.001). Seven out of the eight patients with high CSF HVA values showed cerebral folate deficiency. Five of them harbored mtDNA deletions associated with Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), one had a mitochondrial point mutation at the mtDNA ATPase6 gene, and one had a POLG mutation. In conclusion, dopamine deficiency clinical signs were present in some patients with mitochondrial diseases with different genetic backgrounds. High CSF HVA values, together with a severe cerebral folate deficiency, were observed in KSS patients and in other mtDNA mutation syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Batllori
- Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Molero-Luis
- Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Ormazabal
- Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Montero
- Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sierra
- Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Bioquímica Clínica-Corporació Sanitaria Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mar O'Callaghan
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Pias
- Pediatric Neurology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Armstrong
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delia Yubero
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Angels García-Cazorla
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, IRSJD and CIBERER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2., 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Calejo M, Vilarinho L, Neiva R, Botelho L, Ramalheira J, Taipa R, Melo‐Pires M, Lima AB, Damásio J. Late‐onset Levodopa Responsive Parkinsonism Due to Polymerase γ 1 Mutations. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2018; 5:645-648. [DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Calejo
- Neurology DepartmentHospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto Portugal
| | - Laura Vilarinho
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics UnitHuman Genetics Department, Dr. Ricardo Jorge National Health Institute Porto Portugal
| | - Raquel Neiva
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics UnitHuman Genetics Department, Dr. Ricardo Jorge National Health Institute Porto Portugal
| | - Luís Botelho
- Neuroradiology DepartmentHospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto Portugal
| | - João Ramalheira
- Neurophysiology DepartmentHospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto Portugal
| | - Ricardo Taipa
- Neuropathology UnitHospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto Portugal
| | - Manuel Melo‐Pires
- Neuropathology UnitHospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto Portugal
| | - António Bastos Lima
- Neurology DepartmentHospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto Portugal
| | - Joana Damásio
- Neurology DepartmentHospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto Portugal
- UnIGENe and CGPP, IBMC – Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular; i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do Porto Portugal
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Ronchi D, Piga D, Lamberti S, Sciacco M, Corti S, Moggio M, Bresolin N, Pietro Comi G. Reply: DGUOK recessive mutations in patients with CPEO, mitochondrial myopathy, parkinsonism and mtDNA deletions. Brain 2018; 141:e4. [PMID: 29228135 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Ronchi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Piga
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Lamberti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Sciacco
- Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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25
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Ferreira M, Massano J. An updated review of Parkinson's disease genetics and clinicopathological correlations. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:273-284. [PMID: 27273099 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge regarding the pathophysiological basis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been greatly expanded over the past two decades, with extraordinary contributions from the field of genetics. However, genetic classifications became complex, difficult to follow, and at times misleading, by placing well-established monogenic forms of the disease along with others associated with risk loci, often ill characterized. The present paper summarizes the genetic, clinical, and neuropathological findings of the currently described monogenic forms of PD and also approaches the progress made in determining genetic risk factors for PD. Furthermore, the text incorporates the data into a recently proposed classification system that will hopefully bring a "user-friendly" approach to this issue. This paper also highlights a number of inconsistencies regarding classification of PD as a single, unique clinicopathological entity-in fact, in order to achieve the development of truly innovative therapies, PD should probably be regarded clinically as a "Parkinson's disease cluster", instead of a single disease. In the future, we hope that an in-depth and groundbreaking understanding of PD will allow the development of truly disease-modifying therapies that will target the molecular processes responsible for the cascade of pathological events underlying each form of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - J. Massano
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- Department of Neurology; Hospital Pedro Hispano/ULS Matosinhos; Matosinhos Portugal
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26
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Catastrophic cliffs: a partial suggestion for selective vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:659-61. [PMID: 27068985 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
For each of the neurodegenerative syndromes, we now know many pathogenic and/or causative genetic risk loci. Here, I suggest that this wealth of knowledge now allows us to start to understand what are the specific vulnerabilities of different neuronal types and to suggest that each neuronal type is closer to different modes of catastrophic failure. I suggest that this is part of the basis for selective vulnerability in neurodegenerative disease.
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27
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Lax NZ, Gorman GS, Turnbull DM. Review: Central nervous system involvement in mitochondrial disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 43:102-118. [PMID: 27287935 PMCID: PMC5363248 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain defects are an important cause of inherited disorders affecting approximately 1 in 5000 people in the UK population. Collectively these disorders are termed ‘mitochondrial diseases’ and they result from either mitochondrial DNA mutations or defects in nuclear DNA. Although they are frequently multisystem disorders, neurological deficits are particularly common, wide‐ranging and disabling for patients. This review details the manifold neurological impairments associated with mitochondrial disease, and describes the efforts to understand how they arise and progressively worsen in patients with mitochondrial disease. We describe advances in our understanding of disease pathogenesis through detailed neuropathological studies and how this has spurred the development of cellular and animal models of disease. We underscore the importance of continued clinical, molecular genetic, neuropathological and animal model studies to fully characterize mitochondrial diseases and understand mechanisms of neurodegeneration. These studies are instrumental for the next phase of mitochondrial research that has a particular emphasis on finding novel ways to treat mitochondrial disease to improve patient care and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Z Lax
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G S Gorman
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D M Turnbull
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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28
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Batla A, Erro R, Ganos C, Stamelou M, Bhatia KP. Levodopa-Responsive Parkinsonism with Prominent Freezing and Abnormal Dopamine Transporter Scan Associated with SANDO Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2015; 2:304-307. [PMID: 30838234 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Batla
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.,Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e del Movimento Università di Verona Verona Italy
| | - Christos Ganos
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.,Neurology University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany
| | - Maria Stamelou
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.,Second Department of Neurology Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece.,Neurology Clinic Philipps University Marburg Germany
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
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