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Huang J, Jiang Q, Pang D, Yu Y, Cui Y, Li C, Shang H. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell line LNDWCHi001-A from a patient with early-onset Parkinson's disease carrying the homozygous c.1898C > T (p. A633V) mutation in the PLA2G6 gene. Stem Cell Res 2024; 75:103305. [PMID: 38215561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A variant of the phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6, PARK14) has been found to cause early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). In this study, we reprogrammed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a 39-year-old patient with EOPD carrying a homozygous PLA2G6 mutation c.1898C > T (p. A633V) to generate the human induced pluripotent stem cell line LNDWCHi001-A. This cell line was identified based on pluripotent markers and displayed differentiation capacity, providing an essential model for studying the pathogenesis of EOPD and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qirui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dejiang Pang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiao Yu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyuan Cui
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Deng X, Yuan L, Jankovic J, Deng H. The role of the PLA2G6 gene in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101957. [PMID: 37236368 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) represents a continuum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders with overlapping features. Usually, it encompasses three autosomal recessive diseases, including infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy or neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) 2A, atypical neuronal dystrophy with childhood-onset or NBIA2B, and adult-onset dystonia-parkinsonism form named PARK14, and possibly a certain subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia. PLAN is caused by variants in the phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6), which encodes an enzyme involved in membrane homeostasis, signal transduction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and α-synuclein aggregation. In this review, we discuss PLA2G6 gene structure and protein, functional findings, genetic deficiency models, various PLAN disease phenotypes, and study strategies in the future. Our primary aim is to provide an overview of genotype-phenotype correlations of PLAN subtypes and speculate on the role of PLA2G6 in potential mechanisms underlying these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Deng
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-4202, USA
| | - Hao Deng
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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Bakhit Y, Tesson C, Ibrahim MO, Eltom K, Eltazi I, Elsayed LE, Lesage S, Seidi O, Corvol J, Wüllner U. PLA2G6-associated late-onset parkinsonism in a Sudanese family. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:983-989. [PMID: 37139542 PMCID: PMC10270271 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic release of fatty acids from phospholipids. Four neurological disorders with infantile, juvenile, or early adult-onset are associated with PLA2G6 genetic alterations, namely infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD), dystonia-parkinsonism (DP), and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). Few studies in Africa reported PLA2G6-associated disorders and none with parkinsonism of late adult onset. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients were clinically assessed following UK Brain Bank diagnostic criteria and International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society's Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Brain MRI without contrast was performed. Genetic testing was done using a custom-made Twist panel, screening 34 known genes, 27 risk factors, and 8 candidate genes associated with parkinsonism. Filtered variants were PCR-amplified and validated using Sanger sequencing and also tested in additional family members to study their segregation. RESULT Two siblings born to consanguineous parents developed parkinsonism at the age of 58 and 60 years, respectively. MRI showed an enlarged right hippocampus in patient 2, but no overt abnormalities indicative of INAD or iron deposits. We found two heterozygous variants in PLA2G6, an in-frame deletion NM_003560:c.2070_2072del (p.Val691del) and a missense variant NM_003560:c.956C>T (p.Thr319Met). Both variants were classified as pathogenic. CONCLUSION This is the first case in which PLA2G6 is associated with late-onset parkinsonism. Functional analysis is needed to confirm the dual effect of both variants on the structure and function of iPLA2β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Bakhit
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Mohamed O. Ibrahim
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineSudan University of Science and TechnologyKhartoumSudan
| | - Khalid Eltom
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical CenterUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Isra Eltazi
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Liena E.O. Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of MedicinePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Osheik Seidi
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Jean‐Christophe Corvol
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
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Roeben B, Zeltner L, Hagberg GE, Scheffler K, Schöls L, Bender B. Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging Reveals Subcortical Iron Deposition in PLA2G6-associated Neurodegeneration: The "Double Cortex Sign". Mov Disord 2023; 38:904-906. [PMID: 36853590 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Roeben
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lena Zeltner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gisela E Hagberg
- High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Borja N, Bivona S, Peart LS, Johnson B, Gonzalez J, Barbouth D, Moore H, Guo S, Bademci G, Tekin M. Genome sequencing reveals novel noncoding variants in PLA2G6 and LMNB1 causing progressive neurologic disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1892. [PMID: 35247231 PMCID: PMC9000935 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and leukodystrophies are progressive neurologic conditions that can occur following the disruption of intricately coordinated patterns of gene expression. Exome sequencing has been adopted as an effective diagnostic tool for determining the underlying genetic etiology of Mendelian neurologic disorders, however genome sequencing offer advantages in its ability to identify and characterize copy number, structural, and sequence variants in noncoding regions. Genome sequencing from peripheral leukocytes was performed on two patients with progressive neurologic disease of unknown etiology following negative genetic investigations including exome sequencing. RNA sequencing from peripheral blood was performed to determine gene expression patterns in one of the patients. Potential causative variants were matched to the patients' clinical presentation. The first proband was found to be heterozygous for a likely pathogenic missense variant in PLA2G6 (c.386T>C; p.Leu129Pro) and have an additional deep intronic variant in PLA2G6 (c.2035-926G>A). RNA sequencing indicated this latter variant created a splice acceptor site leading to the incorporation of a pseudo-exon introducing a premature termination codon. The second proband was heterozygous for a 261 kb deletion upstream of LMNB1 that included an enhancer region. Previous reports of copy number variants spanning this region of cis-acting regulatory elements corroborated its pathogenicity. When combined with clinical presentations, these findings led to a definitive diagnosis of autosomal recessive infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy, respectively. In patients with progressive neurologic disease of unknown etiology, genome sequencing with the addition of RNA analysis where appropriate should be considered for the identification of causative noncoding pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Borja
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephanie Bivona
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lé Shon Peart
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Brittany Johnson
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joanna Gonzalez
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Deborah Barbouth
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Henry Moore
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shengru Guo
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Guney Bademci
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mustafa Tekin
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Hancock WD, Lei X, Clines GA, Tusing YG, Nozell SE, Ramanadham S. Ca 2+-independent phospholipase A 2β-derived PGE 2 contributes to osteogenesis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 158:106605. [PMID: 34923151 PMCID: PMC8753754 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone modeling can be modulated by lipid signals such as arachidonic acid (AA) and its cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) metabolite, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which are recognized mediators of optimal bone formation. Hydrolysis of AA from membrane glycerophospholipids is catalyzed by phospholipases A2 (PLA2s). We reported that mice deficient in the Ca2+- independent PLA2beta (iPLA2β), encoded by Pla2g6, exhibit a low bone phenotype, but the cause for this remains to be identified. Here, we examined the mechanistic and molecular roles of iPLA2β in bone formation using bone marrow stromal cells and calvarial osteoblasts from WT and iPLA2β-deficient mice, and the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursor cell line. Our data reveal that transcription of osteogenic factors (Bmp2, Alpl, and Runx2) and osteogenesis are decreased with iPLA2β-deficiency. These outcomes are corroborated and recapitulated in WT cells treated with a selective inhibitor of iPLA2 β (10 μM S-BEL), and rescued in iPLA2β-deficient cells by additions of 10 μM PGE2. Further, under osteogenic conditions we find that PGE2 production is through iPLA2β activity and that this leads to induction of Runx2 and iPLA2β transcription. These findings reveal a strong link between osteogenesis and iPLA2β-derived lipids and raise the intriguing possibility that iPLA2β-derived PGE2 participates in osteogenesis and in the regulation of Runx2 and also iPLA2β.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Hancock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory A Clines
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ying G Tusing
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Susan E Nozell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Magrinelli F, Mehta S, Di Lazzaro G, Latorre A, Edwards MJ, Balint B, Basu P, Kobylecki C, Groppa S, Hegde A, Mulroy E, Estevez-Fraga C, Arora A, Kumar H, Schneider SA, Lewis PA, Jaunmuktane Z, Revesz T, Gandhi S, Wood NW, Hardy JA, Tinazzi M, Lal V, Houlden H, Bhatia KP. Dissecting the Phenotype and Genotype of PLA2G6-Related Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2022; 37:148-161. [PMID: 34622992 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex parkinsonism is the commonest phenotype in late-onset PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to deeply characterize phenogenotypically PLA2G6-related parkinsonism in the largest cohort ever reported. METHODS We report 14 new cases of PLA2G6-related parkinsonism and perform a systematic literature review. RESULTS PLA2G6-related parkinsonism shows a fairly distinct phenotype based on 86 cases from 68 pedigrees. Young onset (median age, 23.0 years) with parkinsonism/dystonia, gait/balance, and/or psychiatric/cognitive symptoms were common presenting features. Dystonia occurred in 69.4%, pyramidal signs in 77.2%, myoclonus in 65.2%, and cerebellar signs in 44.6% of cases. Early bladder overactivity was present in 71.9% of cases. Cognitive impairment affected 76.1% of cases and psychiatric features 87.1%, the latter being an isolated presenting feature in 20.1%. Parkinsonism was levodopa responsive but complicated by early, often severe dyskinesias. Five patients benefited from deep brain stimulation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings included cerebral (49.3%) and/or cerebellar (43.2%) atrophy, but mineralization was evident in only 28.1%. Presynaptic dopaminergic terminal imaging was abnormal in all where performed. Fifty-four PLA2G6 mutations have hitherto been associated with parkinsonism, including four new variants reported in this article. These are mainly nontruncating, which may explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of childhood- and late-onset PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. In five deceased patients, median disease duration was 13.0 years. Brain pathology in three cases showed mixed Lewy and tau pathology. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic PLA2G6 mutations cause early-onset parkinsonism associated with dystonia, pyramidal and cerebellar signs, myoclonus, and cognitive impairment. Early psychiatric manifestations and bladder overactivity are common. Cerebro/cerebellar atrophy are frequent magnetic resonance imaging features, whereas brain iron deposition is not. Early, severe dyskinesias are a tell-tale sign. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sahil Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Edwards
- Motor Control and Movement Disorders Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Balint
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Purba Basu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Christopher Kobylecki
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anaita Hegde
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Eoin Mulroy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Estevez-Fraga
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anshita Arora
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Susanne A Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick A Lewis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John A Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vivek Lal
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Singh S, Mishra SC, Israrahmed A, Lal H. Typical MRI features of PLA2G6 mutation-related phospholipase-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN)/infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e242586. [PMID: 33766980 PMCID: PMC8006834 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Somesh Singh
- Radiodiagnosis, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Hira Lal
- Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Sachan D, Yadav A, Yadav D. PLA2G6-Associated Dystonia Parkinsonism. Indian Pediatr 2021; 58:77-78. [PMID: 33452780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sachan
- Department of Pediatrics, PGIMER, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Amit Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, PGIMER, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, PGIMER, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Gopurappilly R. Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Neurons as In Vitro Models for Studying Autosomal Recessive Parkinson's Disease (ARPD): PLA2G6 and Other Gene Loci. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1347:115-133. [PMID: 33990932 PMCID: PMC7612166 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative motor disorder which is largely sporadic; however, some familial forms have been identified. Genetic PD can be inherited by autosomal, dominant or recessive mutations. While the dominant mutations mirror the prototype of PD with adult-onset and L-dopa-responsive cases, autosomal recessive PD (ARPD) exhibit atypical phenotypes with additional clinical manifestations. Young-onset PD is also very common with mutations in recessive gene loci. The main genes associated with ARPD are Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, ATP13A2, FBXO7 and PLA2G6. Calcium dyshomeostasis is a mainstay in all types of PD, be it genetic or sporadic. Intriguingly, calcium imbalances manifesting as altered Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) is suggested in PLA2G6-linked PARK 14 PD. The common pathways underlying ARPD pathology, including mitochondrial abnormalities and autophagic dysfunction, can be investigated ex vivo using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and are discussed here. PD pathophysiology is not faithfully replicated by animal models, and, therefore, nigral dopaminergic neurons generated from iPSC serve as improved human cellular models. With no cure to date and treatments aiming at symptomatic relief, these in vitro models derived through midbrain floor-plate induction provide a platform to understand the molecular and biochemical pathways underlying PD etiology in a patient-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjitha Gopurappilly
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India.
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Liu X, Sims HF, Jenkins CM, Guan S, Dilthey BG, Gross RW. 12-LOX catalyzes the oxidation of 2-arachidonoyl-lysolipids in platelets generating eicosanoid-lysolipids that are attenuated by iPLA 2γ knockout. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5307-5320. [PMID: 32161117 PMCID: PMC7170522 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical pathway of eicosanoid production in most mammalian cells is initiated by phospholipase A2-mediated release of arachidonic acid, followed by its enzymatic oxidation resulting in a vast array of eicosanoid products. However, recent work has demonstrated that the major phospholipase in mitochondria, iPLA2γ (patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 8 (PNPLA8)), possesses sn-1 specificity, with polyunsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position generating polyunsaturated sn-2-acyl lysophospholipids. Through strategic chemical derivatization, chiral chromatographic separation, and multistage tandem MS, here we first demonstrate that human platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) can directly catalyze the regioselective and stereospecific oxidation of 2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (2-AA-LPC) and 2-arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine (2-AA-LPE). Next, we identified these two eicosanoid-lysophospholipids in murine myocardium and in isolated platelets. Moreover, we observed robust increases in 2-AA-LPC, 2-AA-LPE, and their downstream 12-LOX oxidation products, 12(S)-HETE-LPC and 12(S)-HETE-LPE, in calcium ionophore (A23187)-stimulated murine platelets. Mechanistically, genetic ablation of iPLA2γ markedly decreased the calcium-stimulated production of 2-AA-LPC, 2-AA-LPE, and 12-HETE-lysophospholipids in mouse platelets. Importantly, a potent and selective 12-LOX inhibitor, ML355, significantly inhibited the production of 12-HETE-LPC and 12-HETE-LPE in activated platelets. Furthermore, we found that aging is accompanied by significant changes in 12-HETE-LPC in murine serum that were also markedly attenuated by iPLA2γ genetic ablation. Collectively, these results identify previously unknown iPLA2γ-initiated signaling pathways mediated by direct 12-LOX oxidation of 2-AA-LPC and 2-AA-LPE. This oxidation generates previously unrecognized eicosanoid-lysophospholipids that may serve as biomarkers for age-related diseases and could potentially be used as targets in therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Liu
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Harold F Sims
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Christopher M Jenkins
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Shaoping Guan
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Beverly G Dilthey
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Richard W Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110; Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130.
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12
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Allouche S. Reevaluating the pathogenicity of the variations c.439 G>A and c.2132 C>T in the PLA2G6 gene. J Genet 2020; 99:87. [PMID: 33361639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6) gene encodes for a Ca2+-independent PLA2, which is localized in the cytosol, in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the mitochondrial membrane, plays a major role in phospholipid remodelling. Mutations within this gene have been reported to cause different phenotypes: infantile-onset neuroaxonal dystrophy associated with brain iron accumulation and adult-onset parkinsonian syndrome. In the present study, we analysed the PLA2G6 gene sequence in an asymptomatic young woman that was referred to our laboratory by a geneticist for an history of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy in her little maternal cousin in whom the results of the genetical analysis were not available. We found two variants in the PLA2G6 gene (NM_003560.4, c.439 G>A and c.2132 C>T, p.Ala147Thr and p.Pro711Leu) previously reported as pathogenic. These results prompted us to perform a segregation analysis in the parents of this woman and we only found the presence of both variants in the asymptomatic 56-year-old patient's mother. Our molecular genetic testing clearly indicates that the c.439 G>A and c.2132 C>T variations identified in the PLA2G6 gene are positioned in cis and are not responsible for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy which is an autosomal recessive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Allouche
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Avenue Coˆ te de Nacre, 14033 Caen Cedex, France.
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13
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Nadalin S, Rebić J, Šendula Jengić V, Peitl V, Karlović D, Buretić-Tomljanović A. Association between PLA2G6 gene polymorphism for calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and nicotine dependence among males with schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 148:9-15. [PMID: 31492433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between the rs10798059 (BanI) and rs4375 polymorphisms in the phospholipase A2 (PLA2)G4A and PLA2G6 genes and the risk of nicotine dependence in 263 Croatian patients with schizophrenia. We also examined whether interactions between these polymorphisms and smoking contributed to schizophrenia onset and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) psychopathology. We found no significant differences in the distribution of PLA2G4A genotypes and alleles according to smoking status, and no effect of the PLA2G4A genotype-smoking interaction on disease onset or PANSS. The PLA2G6-TT homozygous genotype was significantly overrepresented in male smokers compared to nonsmokers (34.7% vs. 17.1%, p < 0.05). These patients had ∼2.6-fold higher risk of becoming smokers than males with heterozygous PLA2G6-CT and homozygous PLA2G6-CC genotypes. In addition, male smokers without the PLA2G6-C allele (PLA2G6-TT homozygous) experienced earlier onset than nonsmoking homozygous PLA2G6-TT males. Thus, the PLA2G6 polymorphism affected the risk of nicotine dependence in male patients and the PLA2G6 genotype-smoking interaction was linked to the age of disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Nadalin
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Rebić
- Psychiatry Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Vjekoslav Peitl
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center and Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dalibor Karlović
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center and Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alena Buretić-Tomljanović
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
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14
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Duffy DL, Zhu G, Li X, Sanna M, Iles MM, Jacobs LC, Evans DM, Yazar S, Beesley J, Law MH, Kraft P, Visconti A, Taylor JC, Liu F, Wright MJ, Henders AK, Bowdler L, Glass D, Ikram MA, Uitterlinden AG, Madden PA, Heath AC, Nelson EC, Green AC, Chanock S, Barrett JH, Brown MA, Hayward NK, MacGregor S, Sturm RA, Hewitt AW, Kayser M, Hunter DJ, Newton Bishop JA, Spector TD, Montgomery GW, Mackey DA, Smith GD, Nijsten TE, Bishop DT, Bataille V, Falchi M, Han J, Martin NG. Novel pleiotropic risk loci for melanoma and nevus density implicate multiple biological pathways. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4774. [PMID: 30429480 PMCID: PMC6235897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The total number of acquired melanocytic nevi on the skin is strongly correlated with melanoma risk. Here we report a meta-analysis of 11 nevus GWAS from Australia, Netherlands, UK, and USA comprising 52,506 individuals. We confirm known loci including MTAP, PLA2G6, and IRF4, and detect novel SNPs in KITLG and a region of 9q32. In a bivariate analysis combining the nevus results with a recent melanoma GWAS meta-analysis (12,874 cases, 23,203 controls), SNPs near GPRC5A, CYP1B1, PPARGC1B, HDAC4, FAM208B, DOCK8, and SYNE2 reached global significance, and other loci, including MIR146A and OBFC1, reached a suggestive level. Overall, we conclude that most nevus genes affect melanoma risk (KITLG an exception), while many melanoma risk loci do not alter nevus count. For example, variants in TERC and OBFC1 affect both traits, but other telomere length maintenance genes seem to affect melanoma risk only. Our findings implicate multiple pathways in nevogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Duffy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gu Zhu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 63110, USA
| | - Marianna Sanna
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Mark M Iles
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Leonie C Jacobs
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia and the Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Matthew H Law
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - John C Taylor
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anjali K Henders
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lisa Bowdler
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dan Glass
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pamela A Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Adele C Green
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Molecular Oncology Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer H Barrett
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew A Brown
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Richard A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia and the Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Julia A Newton Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia and the Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Tamar E Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 63110, USA
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15
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Thomas NE, Edmiston SN, Orlow I, Kanetsky PA, Luo L, Gibbs DC, Parrish EA, Hao H, Busam KJ, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, Cust AE, Anton-Culver H, Gruber SB, Gallagher RP, Zanetti R, Rosso S, Sacchetto L, Dwyer T, Ollila DW, Begg CB, Berwick M, Conway K. Inherited Genetic Variants Associated with Melanoma BRAF/NRAS Subtypes. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2398-2404. [PMID: 29753029 PMCID: PMC6200630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BRAF and NRAS mutations arise early in melanoma development, but their associations with low-penetrance melanoma susceptibility loci remain unknown. In the Genes, Environment and Melanoma Study, 1,223 European-origin participants had their incident invasive primary melanomas screened for BRAF/NRAS mutations and germline DNA genotyped for 47 single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified as low-penetrant melanoma-risk variants. We used multinomial logistic regression to simultaneously examine each single-nucleotide polymorphism's relationship to BRAF V600E, BRAF V600K, BRAF other, and NRAS+ relative to BRAF-/NRAS- melanoma adjusted for study features. IRF4 rs12203592*T was associated with BRAF V600E (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43-0.79) and V600K (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.41-1.03), but not BRAF other or NRAS+ melanoma. A global test of etiologic heterogeneity (Pglobal = 0.001) passed false discovery (Pglobal = 0.0026). PLA2G6 rs132985*T was associated with BRAF V600E (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.05-1.67) and BRAF other (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.11-2.98), but not BRAF V600K or NRAS+ melanoma. The test for etiologic heterogeneity (Pglobal) was 0.005. The IRF4 rs12203592 associations were slightly attenuated after adjustment for melanoma-risk phenotypes. The PLA2G6 rs132985 associations were independent of phenotypes. IRF4 and PLA2G6 inherited genotypes may influence melanoma BRAF/NRAS subtype development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Sharon N Edmiston
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Peter A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - David C Gibbs
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eloise A Parrish
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Honglin Hao
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Klaus J Busam
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Bruce K Armstrong
- School of Public and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anne Kricker
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne E Cust
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Australia
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Richard P Gallagher
- British Columbia Cancer and Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roberto Zanetti
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology in Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Rosso
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology in Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Lidia Sacchetto
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology in Piedmont, Turin, Italy; Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Terence Dwyer
- George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Ollila
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Colin B Begg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Marianne Berwick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kathleen Conway
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Kocarnik JM, Richard M, Graff M, Haessler J, Bien S, Carlson C, Carty CL, Reiner AP, Avery CL, Ballantyne CM, LaCroix AZ, Assimes TL, Barbalic M, Pankratz N, Tang W, Tao R, Chen D, Talavera GA, Daviglus ML, Chirinos-Medina DA, Pereira R, Nishimura K, Bužková P, Best LG, Ambite JL, Cheng I, Crawford DC, Hindorff LA, Fornage M, Heiss G, North KE, Haiman CA, Peters U, Le Marchand L, Kooperberg C. Discovery, fine-mapping, and conditional analyses of genetic variants associated with C-reactive protein in multiethnic populations using the Metabochip in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2940-2953. [PMID: 29878111 PMCID: PMC6077792 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a circulating biomarker indicative of systemic inflammation. We aimed to evaluate genetic associations with CRP levels among non-European-ancestry populations through discovery, fine-mapping and conditional analyses. A total of 30 503 non-European-ancestry participants from 6 studies participating in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology study had serum high-sensitivity CRP measurements and ∼200 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped on the Metabochip. We evaluated the association between each SNP and log-transformed CRP levels using multivariate linear regression, with additive genetic models adjusted for age, sex, the first four principal components of genetic ancestry, and study-specific factors. Differential linkage disequilibrium patterns between race/ethnicity groups were used to fine-map regions associated with CRP levels. Conditional analyses evaluated for multiple independent signals within genetic regions. One hundred and sixty-three unique variants in 12 loci in overall or race/ethnicity-stratified Metabochip-wide scans reached a Bonferroni-corrected P-value <2.5E-7. Three loci have no (HACL1, OLFML2B) or only limited (PLA2G6) previous associations with CRP levels. Six loci had different top hits in race/ethnicity-specific versus overall analyses. Fine-mapping refined the signal in six loci, particularly in HNF1A. Conditional analyses provided evidence for secondary signals in LEPR, IL1RN and HNF1A, and for multiple independent signals in CRP and APOE. We identified novel variants and loci associated with CRP levels, generalized known CRP associations to a multiethnic study population, refined association signals at several loci and found evidence for multiple independent signals at several well-known loci. This study demonstrates the benefit of conducting inclusive genetic association studies in large multiethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Kocarnik
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melissa Richard
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Bien
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Carlson
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alexander P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Department of Epidemiology, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Maja Barbalic
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diana A Chirinos-Medina
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rocio Pereira
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katie Nishimura
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Petra Bužková
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research, Inc., Eagle Butte, SD, USA
| | - José Luis Ambite
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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17
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Goldstein AM, Xiao Y, Sampson J, Zhu B, Rotunno M, Bennett H, Wen Y, Jones K, Vogt A, Burdette L, Luo W, Zhu B, Yeager M, Hicks B, Han J, De Vivo I, Koutros S, Andreotti G, Beane-Freeman L, Purdue M, Freedman ND, Chanock SJ, Tucker MA, Yang XR. Rare germline variants in known melanoma susceptibility genes in familial melanoma. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4886-4895. [PMID: 29036293 PMCID: PMC5886297 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Known high-risk cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) genes account for melanoma risk in <40% of melanoma-prone families, suggesting the existence of additional high-risk genes or perhaps a polygenic mechanism involving multiple genetic modifiers. The goal of this study was to systematically characterize rare germline variants in 42 established melanoma genes among 144 CMM patients in 76 American CMM families without known mutations using data from whole-exome sequencing. We identified 68 rare (<0.1% in public and in-house control datasets) nonsynonymous variants in 25 genes. We technically validated all loss-of-function, inframe insertion/deletion, and missense variants predicted as deleterious, and followed them up in 1, 559 population-based CMM cases and 1, 633 controls. Several of these variants showed disease co-segregation within families. Of particular interest, a stopgain variant in TYR was present in five of six CMM cases/obligate gene carriers in one family and a single population-based CMM case. A start gain variant in the 5'UTR region of PLA2G6 and a missense variant in ATM were each seen in all three affected people in a single family, respectively. Results from rare variant burden tests showed that familial and population-based CMM patients tended to have higher frequencies of rare germline variants in albinism genes such as TYR, TYRP1, and OCA2 (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that rare nonsynonymous variants in low- or intermediate-risk CMM genes may influence familial CMM predisposition, warranting further investigation of both common and rare variants in genes affecting functionally important pathways (such as melanogenesis) in melanoma risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yanzi Xiao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Rotunno
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hunter Bennett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yixuan Wen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aurelie Vogt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wen Luo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Nadalin S, Buretić-Tomljanović A. An association between PLA2G6 and PLA2G4C gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia risk and illness severity in a Croatian population. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 121:57-59. [PMID: 28651698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the allele and genotype frequency of the rs4375 and rs1549637 polymorphisms in phospholipase A2 (PLA2)G6 and PLA2G4C genes in 203 patients with schizophrenia and 191 controls in a Croatian population. We hypothesized that these polymorphic variations might influence the age of schizophrenia onset and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale psychopathology (PANSS) data. We detected a significant overrepresentation of the PLA2G6-CT and PLA2G4C-AT genotype combination in patients compared with controls (14.7% vs. 7.3%, P < 0.05). The combined PLA2G6/PLA2G4C heterozygosity was associated with about a two-fold higher schizophrenia risk. We found no significant influence of the PLA2G6 and PLA2G4C polymorphisms on mean age at first hospital admission (P > 0.05) and that the investigated polymorphisms significantly influenced the clinical psychopathology only in male patients. The PLA2G4C polymorphism accounted for approximately 12% of negative symptom severity; whereas, the PLA2G6/PLA2G4C interaction contributed to a similar extent to total PANSS symptom variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Nadalin
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Alena Buretić-Tomljanović
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Tsuboi M, Watanabe M, Nibe K, Yoshimi N, Kato A, Sakaguchi M, Yamato O, Tanaka M, Kuwamura M, Kushida K, Ishikura T, Harada T, Chambers JK, Sugano S, Uchida K, Nakayama H. Identification of the PLA2G6 c.1579G>A Missense Mutation in Papillon Dog Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Using Whole Exome Sequencing Analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169002. [PMID: 28107443 PMCID: PMC5249094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing (WES) has become a common tool for identifying genetic causes of human inherited disorders, and it has also recently been applied to canine genome research. We conducted WES analysis of neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD), a neurodegenerative disease that sporadically occurs worldwide in Papillon dogs. The disease is considered an autosomal recessive monogenic disease, which is histopathologically characterized by severe axonal swelling, known as “spheroids,” throughout the nervous system. By sequencing all eleven DNA samples from one NAD-affected Papillon dog and her parents, two unrelated NAD-affected Papillon dogs, and six unaffected control Papillon dogs, we identified 10 candidate mutations. Among them, three candidates were determined to be “deleterious” by in silico pathogenesis evaluation. By subsequent massive screening by TaqMan genotyping analysis, only the PLA2G6 c.1579G>A mutation had an association with the presence or absence of the disease, suggesting that it may be a causal mutation of canine NAD. As a human homologue of this gene is a causative gene for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, this canine phenotype may serve as a good animal model for human disease. The results of this study also indicate that WES analysis is a powerful tool for exploring canine hereditary diseases, especially in rare monogenic hereditary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Tsuboi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miyuu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kushida
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikura
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Life Technologies Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Harada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James Kenn Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Liu X, Moon SH, Jenkins CM, Sims HF, Gross RW. Cyclooxygenase-2 Mediated Oxidation of 2-Arachidonoyl-Lysophospholipids Identifies Unknown Lipid Signaling Pathways. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1217-1227. [PMID: 27642067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoid lipids play important roles in cellular signaling as second messengers in inflammation, immune response, vascular tone, and the CNS. Biosynthesis of eicosanoid lipids proceeds via hydrolysis of esterified arachidonic acid from phospholipids followed by oxidation of the released arachidonic acid by a variety of enzymes including cyclooxygenases (COX). Herein, we demonstrate the remarkable ability of COX-2, but not COX-1, to directly oxidize 2-arachidonoyl-lysolipids, resulting in the generation of previously unknown classes of eicosanoid-lysolipids, and provide evidence that intracellular lipases can release eicosanoids from their eicosanoid-lysolipid precursors. Importantly, genetic ablation of a phospholipase, iPLA2γ, significantly reduced the amounts of these eicosanoid-lysolipids in murine hepatic tissue and fibroblasts. Furthermore, calcium stimulation of wild-type murine lung fibroblasts produced robust increases in these eicosanoid-lysolipids, which were markedly attenuated in iPLA2γ-/- fibroblasts. Collectively, these results identify an iPLA2γ-initiated pathway generating new classes of lipid metabolites with potential signaling functions resulting from the direct COX-2 catalyzed oxidation of 2-arachidonoyl-lysolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Liu
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sung Ho Moon
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher M Jenkins
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Harold F Sims
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard W Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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21
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Kapoor S, Shah MH, Singh N, Rather MI, Bhat V, Gopinath S, Bindu PS, Taly AB, Sinha S, Nagappa M, Bharath RD, Mahadevan A, Narayanappa G, Chickabasaviah YT, Kumar A. Genetic Analysis of PLA2G6 in 22 Indian Families with Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy, Atypical Late-Onset Neuroaxonal Dystrophy and Dystonia Parkinsonism Complex. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155605. [PMID: 27196560 PMCID: PMC4873246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PLA2G6 were identified in patients with a spectrum of neurodegenerative conditions, such as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical late-onset neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD) and dystonia parkinsonism complex (DPC). However, there is no report on the genetic analysis of families with members affected with INAD, ANAD and DPC from India. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to perform genetic analysis of 22 Indian families with INAD, ANAD and DPC. DNA sequence analysis of the entire coding region of PLA2G6 identified 13 different mutations, including five novel ones (p.Leu224Pro, p.Asp283Asn, p.Arg329Cys, p.Leu491Phe, and p.Arg649His), in 12/22 (54.55%) families with INAD and ANAD. Interestingly, one patient with INAD was homozygous for two different mutations, p.Leu491Phe and p.Ala516Val, and thus harboured four mutant alleles. With these mutations, the total number of mutations in this gene reaches 129. The absence of mutations in 10/22 (45.45%) families suggests that the mutations could be in deep intronic or promoter regions of this gene or these families could have mutations in a yet to be identified gene. The present study increases the mutation landscape of PLA2G6. The present finding will be useful for genetic diagnosis, carrier detection and genetic counselling to families included in this study and other families with similar disease condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saketh Kapoor
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mohd Hussain Shah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Rather
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Vishwanath Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sindhura Gopinath
- Department of Biotechnology, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Parayil Sankaran Bindu
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
- * E-mail: (AK); (PSB)
| | - Arun B. Taly
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Sanjib Sinha
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Madhu Nagappa
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Gayathri Narayanappa
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Yasha T. Chickabasaviah
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- * E-mail: (AK); (PSB)
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Beck G, Shinzawa K, Hayakawa H, Baba K, Sumi-Akamaru H, Tsujimoto Y, Mochizuki H. Progressive Axonal Degeneration of Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2β Knockout Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153789. [PMID: 27078024 PMCID: PMC4831782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β, PLA2G6) is essential for the remodeling of membrane glycerophospholipids. Mutations in this gene are responsible for autosomal recessive, young onset, L-dopa-responsive parkinsonism (PARK14), suggesting a neurodegenerative condition in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in patients with PLA2G6 mutations. We previously observed slowly progressive motor deficits in iPLA2β-knockout (KO) mice. To clarify whether a deficiency of iPLA2β leads to the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, we analyzed the striatum of iPLA2β-KO mice. At all clinical stages, nerve terminals in the striatum were immunopositive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) in wild-type (WT) control mice. In iPLA2β-KO mice, focal loss of nerve terminals positive for TH and DAT was found from 56 weeks (early clinical stage), although iPLA2β-KO mice at 56 weeks showed no significant decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compared with age-matched WT mice, as reported previously. At 100 weeks (late clinical stage), greater decreases in DAT immunoreactivity were observed in the striatum of iPLA2β-KO mice. Moreover, strongly TH-positive structures, presumed to be deformed axons, were observed in the neuropils of the striatum of iPLA2β-KO mice starting at 15 weeks (preclinical stage) and increased with age. These results suggest that the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons occurs mainly in the distal region of axons in iPLA2β-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Beck
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koei Shinzawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayakawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisae Sumi-Akamaru
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Tsujimoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Ács P, Molnár MJ, Klivényi P, Kálmán B. [GENETICALLY DETERMINED DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH PATHOLOGICAL BRAIN IRON ACCUMULATION AND NEURODEGENERATION]. Ideggyogy Sz 2016; 69:157-66. [PMID: 27468605 DOI: 10.18071/isz.69.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The rare, genetically determined group of diseases characterized by pathological accumulation of iron in the central nervous system and progressive, typically movement disorder's symptoms are called NBIA (neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation). By the rapid development of molecular genetics, it has become apparent that different mutations in numerous genes can lead to pathological cerebral iron accumulation. Simultaneously, it has also been recognized that the age of onset, the symptoms and the prognosis of NBIA disorders are much more diverse than it was previously perceived. To our knowledge, a review article on the most recent clinical data of NBIA has not been published in Hungarian. In the first part of this publication, we survey the general clinical characteristics and the diagnostic algorithm of NBIA diseases and address some considerations for differential diagnostics. In the second part of this review, the particular NBIA disorders are presented in details. The purpose of this article is to provide a clinical overview that may be useful for neurologists, pediatricians and any other medical practitioners interested in this field.
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Zhou Q, Yen A, Rymarczyk G, Asai H, Trengrove C, Aziz N, Kirber MT, Mostoslavsky G, Ikezu T, Wolozin B, Bolotina VM. Impairment of PARK14-dependent Ca(2+) signalling is a novel determinant of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10332. [PMID: 26755131 PMCID: PMC4729940 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (idPD) remains enigmatic despite recent successes in identification of genes (PARKs) that underlie familial PD. To find new keys to this incurable neurodegenerative disorder we focused on the poorly understood PARK14 disease locus (Pla2g6 gene) and the store-operated Ca(2+) signalling pathway. Analysis of the cells from idPD patients reveals a significant deficiency in store-operated PLA2g6-dependent Ca(2+) signalling, which we can mimic in a novel B6.Cg-Pla2g6(ΔEx2-VB) (PLA2g6 ex2(KO)) mouse model. Here we demonstrate that genetic or molecular impairment of PLA2g6-dependent Ca(2+) signalling is a trigger for autophagic dysfunction, progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta and age-dependent L-DOPA-sensitive motor dysfunction. Discovery of this previously unknown sequence of pathological events, its association with idPD and our ability to mimic this pathology in a novel genetic mouse model opens new opportunities for finding a cure for this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingde Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Allen Yen
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Grzegorz Rymarczyk
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Hirohide Asai
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Chelsea Trengrove
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Nadine Aziz
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Michael T. Kirber
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Victoria M. Bolotina
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Karalok ZS, Taskin BD, Aydogmus U, Ceylaner S, Karaer K, Yilmaz C. Kept in Mind Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy. Genet Couns 2016; 27:279-282. [PMID: 29485838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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26
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Tremblay BL, Rudkowska I, Couture P, Lemieux S, Julien P, Vohl MC. Modulation of C-reactive protein and plasma omega-6 fatty acid levels by phospholipase A2 gene polymorphisms following a 6-week supplementation with fish oil. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 102-103:37-45. [PMID: 26525102 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This clinical trial investigated the impact of a six-week supplementation with fish oil and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PLA2G4A and PLA2G6 genes on total omega-6 fatty acid (n-6 FA) levels in plasma phospholipids (PL) and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in 191 subjects. Interaction effects between SNPs and supplementation modulated total n-6 FAs and CRP levels in both men and women. Associations between SNPs and total n-6 FA levels and between SNPs and CRP levels were identified in men, independently of supplementation. Supplementation decreased total n-6 FAs without affecting plasma CRP levels. Changes in CRP levels correlated positively with changes in total n-6 FAs in men (r=0.25 p=0.01), but not in women. In conclusion, total n-6 FA levels in plasma PL and plasma CRP levels are modulated by SNPs within PLA2G4A and PLA2G6 genes alone or in combination with fish oil supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Tremblay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, Qc, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - I Rudkowska
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, Qc, Canada G1V 0A6; CHU de Québec Research Center - Endocrinology and Nephrology, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec, Qc, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - P Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, Qc, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - S Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, Qc, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - P Julien
- CHU de Québec Research Center - Endocrinology and Nephrology, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec, Qc, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - M C Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec, Qc, Canada G1V 0A6; CHU de Québec Research Center - Endocrinology and Nephrology, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec, Qc, Canada G1V 4G2.
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Beck G, Shinzawa K, Hayakawa H, Baba K, Yasuda T, Sumi-Akamaru H, Tsujimoto Y, Mochizuki H. Deficiency of Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Beta Induces Brain Iron Accumulation through Upregulation of Divalent Metal Transporter 1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141629. [PMID: 26506412 PMCID: PMC4624760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PLA2G6 have been proposed to be the cause of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 2. The present study aimed to clarify the mechanism underlying brain iron accumulation during the deficiency of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta (iPLA2β), which is encoded by the PLA2G6 gene. Perl's staining with diaminobenzidine enhancement was used to visualize brain iron accumulation. Western blotting was used to investigate the expression of molecules involved in iron homeostasis, including divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and iron regulatory proteins (IRP1 and 2), in the brains of iPLA2β-knockout (KO) mice as well as in PLA2G6-knockdown (KD) SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, mitochondrial functions such as ATP production were examined. We have discovered for the first time that marked iron deposition was observed in the brains of iPLA2β-KO mice since the early clinical stages. DMT1 and IRP2 were markedly upregulated in all examined brain regions of aged iPLA2β-KO mice compared to age-matched wild-type control mice. Moreover, peroxidized lipids were increased in the brains of iPLA2β-KO mice. DMT1 and IRPs were significantly upregulated in PLA2G6-KD cells compared with cells treated with negative control siRNA. Degeneration of the mitochondrial inner membrane and decrease of ATP production were observed in PLA2G6-KD cells. These results suggest that the genetic ablation of iPLA2β increased iron uptake in the brain through the activation of IRP2 and upregulation of DMT1, which may be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Beck
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koei Shinzawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayakawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Yasuda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisae Sumi-Akamaru
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Tsujimoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (HM)
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28
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Nadalin S, Radović I, Buretić-Tomljanović A. Polymorphisms in PLA2G6 and PLA2G4C genes for calcium-independent phospholipase A2 do not contribute to attenuated niacin skin flush response in schizophrenia patients. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 100:29-32. [PMID: 26160611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that attenuated niacin skin flushing in schizophrenia patients might be associated with polymorphic variants in PLA2G6 and PLA2G4C genes (rs4375 and rs1549637 variations) which encode calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta (iPLA2β) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma (cPLA2γ) enzymes. The iPLA2β and cPLA2γ may play an important role in niacin-mediated signaling; in addition to their major role - mediating phospholipids remodeling, which alters membrane receptors and signal transduction, they regulate the reservoir of arachidonic acid for prostaglandins synthesis. Skin response to topical niacin of 0.1M, 0.01M, 0.001M and 0.0001M concentrations in 75 schizophrenia patients was rated using the method of volumetric niacin response (VNR). Neither PLA2G6 nor PLA2G4C gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with VNR values. Furthermore, polymorphisms׳ synergy on niacin skin flushing was also not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nadalin
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - I Radović
- School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - A Buretić-Tomljanović
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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29
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Kinghorn KJ, Castillo-Quan JI, Bartolome F, Angelova PR, Li L, Pope S, Cochemé HM, Khan S, Asghari S, Bhatia KP, Hardy J, Abramov AY, Partridge L. Loss of PLA2G6 leads to elevated mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Brain 2015; 138:1801-16. [PMID: 26001724 PMCID: PMC4559908 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The PLA2G6 gene encodes a group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta enzyme that selectively hydrolyses glycerophospholipids to release free fatty acids. Mutations in PLA2G6 have been associated with disorders such as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type II and Karak syndrome. More recently, PLA2G6 was identified as the causative gene in a subgroup of patients with autosomal recessive early-onset dystonia-parkinsonism. Neuropathological examination revealed widespread Lewy body pathology and the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau, supporting a link between PLA2G6 mutations and parkinsonian disorders. Here we show that knockout of the Drosophila homologue of the PLA2G6 gene, iPLA2-VIA, results in reduced survival, locomotor deficits and organismal hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. Furthermore, we demonstrate that loss of iPLA2-VIA function leads to a number of mitochondrial abnormalities, including mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, reduced ATP synthesis and abnormal mitochondrial morphology. Moreover, we show that loss of iPLA2-VIA is strongly associated with increased lipid peroxidation levels. We confirmed our findings using cultured fibroblasts taken from two patients with mutations in the PLA2G6 gene. Similar abnormalities were seen including elevated mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial membrane defects, as well as raised levels of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Finally, we demonstrated that deuterated polyunsaturated fatty acids, which inhibit lipid peroxidation, were able to partially rescue the locomotor abnormalities seen in aged flies lacking iPLA2-VIA gene function, and restore mitochondrial membrane potential in fibroblasts from patients with PLA2G6 mutations. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that loss of normal PLA2G6 gene activity leads to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent mitochondrial membrane abnormalities. Furthermore we show that the iPLA2-VIA knockout fly model provides a useful platform for the further study of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri J Kinghorn
- 1 Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK 2 Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jorge Iván Castillo-Quan
- 1 Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK 2 Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK 3 Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann Str. 9b, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fernando Bartolome
- 2 Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Plamena R Angelova
- 2 Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Li Li
- 1 Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK 2 Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Simon Pope
- 4 Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- 1 Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK 3 Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann Str. 9b, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shabana Khan
- 1 Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shabnam Asghari
- 5 Department of Family Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- 2 Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John Hardy
- 2 Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- 2 Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- 1 Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK 3 Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann Str. 9b, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
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30
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Jiao L, Gan-Schreier H, Tuma-Kellner S, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. Sensitization to autoimmune hepatitis in group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2-null mice led to duodenal villous atrophy with apoptosis, goblet cell hyperplasia and leaked bile acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1646-57. [PMID: 25957555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic bowel disease can co-exist with severe autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in an absence of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Genetic background may contribute to this overlap syndrome. We previously have shown that the deficiency of iPLA2β causes an accumulation of hepatocyte apoptosis, and renders susceptibility for acute liver injury. We here tested whether AIH induction in iPLA2β-null mice could result in intestinal injury, and whether bile acid metabolism was altered. Control wild-type (WT) and female iPLA2β-null (iPLA2β(-/-)) mice were intravenously injected with 10mg/kg concanavalinA (ConA) or saline for 24h. ConA treatment of iPLA2β(-/-) mice caused massive liver injury with increased liver enzymes, fibrosis, and necrosis. While not affecting WT mice, ConA treatment of iPLA2β(-/-) mice caused severe duodenal villous atrophy concomitant with increased apoptosis, cell proliferation, globlet cell hyperplasia, and endotoxin leakage into portal vein indicating a disruption of intestinal barrier. With the greater extent than in WT mice, ConA treatment of iPLA2β(-/-) mice increased jejunal expression of innate response cytokines CD14, TNF-α, IL-6, and SOCS3 as well as chemokines CCL2 and the CCL3 receptor CCR5. iPLA2β deficiency in response to ConA-induced AIH caused a significant decrease in hepatic and biliary bile acids, and this was associated with suppression of hepatic Cyp7A1, Ntcp and ABCB11/Bsep and upregulation of intestinal FXR/FGF15 mRNA expression. The suppression of hepatic Ntcp expression together with the loss of intestinal barrier could account for the observed bile acid leakage into peripheral blood. Thus, enteropathy may result from acute AIH in a susceptible host such as iPLA2β deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiao
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Yun HM, Park KR, Park MH, Kim DH, Jo MR, Kim JY, Kim EC, Yoon DY, Han SB, Hong JT. PRDX6 promotes tumor development via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in a urethane-induced lung tumor model. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 80:136-44. [PMID: 25582888 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a bifunctional protein with both glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and iPLA2 activities. Even though several pathophysiological functions have been studied, the definitive role of PRDX6 in tumor growth is not clear. Here, we compared carcinogen-induced tumor growth in PRDX6-transgenic (Tg) mice and non-Tg mice to evaluate the roles of PRDX6 in lung tumor development. Urethane (1g/kg)-induced tumor incidence in PRDX6-Tg mice was significantly higher compared to non-Tg mice. In the tumors of PRDX6-Tg mice, the activation of JAK2/STAT3 and STAT3 DNA binding were also increased, accompanied by increased GPx and iPLA2 activities. PRDX6 was colocalized with JAK2 in tumor tissues and lung cancer cells and also showed physical interaction with JAK2. We found that increasing levels of PRDX6 increase the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, PRDX6-Tg mice showed altered cytokine levels in the tumors, especially leading to increased CCL5 levels. We validated that the activation of JAK2 was also decreased in lung tumors of CCR5(-/-) mice, and CCL5 increased the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in the lung cancer cells. Thus, our findings suggest that PRDX6 promotes lung tumor development via its mediated and CCL5-associated activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 150-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Yan J, Hu C, Jiang F, Zhang R, Wang J, Tang S, Peng D, Chen M, Bao Y, Jia W. Genetic variants of PLA2G6 are associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and triglyceride levels in a Chinese population. Diabet Med 2015; 32:280-6. [PMID: 25207958 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To test the association of PLA2G6 variants with Type 2 diabetes and clinical characteristics in large Chinese population-based samples. METHODS A total of 6822 people were recruited. In the first stage, 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms within the PLA2G6 region were selected and genotyped in 3700 Chinese Han people. In the second stage, the single nucleotide polymorphisms that showed a significant association were genotyped in an additional 3122 samples for replication. Genotype-phenotype association studies and meta-analyses were performed after combining data from the two stages. RESULTS In the first stage, we detected rs132984 and rs2284060 as significantly associated with Type 2 diabetes with odds ratios of 1.247 (95% CI 1.074-1.449, P = 0.004, empirical P = 0.047) and 1.173 (95% CI 1.059-1.299, P = 0.002, empirical P = 0.029), respectively. In the second stage, a similar effect of rs132984 on Type 2 diabetes was observed (odds ratio 1.280, 95% CI 1.094-1.497, P = 0.002). The meta-analysis showed a significant effect of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms on Type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.254, 95% CI 1.104-1.451, P = 4.85 × 10⁻⁵ for rs132984; odds ratio 1.120, 95% CI 1.046-1.195, P = 0.003 for rs2284060). Moreover, genotype-phenotype association analysis showed that rs132984 was associated with triglyceride levels (P = 0.022, empirical P = 0.044) and area under the curve for glucose (P = 0.015, empirical P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS Our data imply that common single nucleotide polymorphisms within the PLA2G6 region are associated with Type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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33
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Bone RN, Gai Y, Magrioti V, Kokotou MG, Ali T, Lei X, Tse HM, Kokotos G, Ramanadham S. Inhibition of Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) ameliorates islet infiltration and incidence of diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:541-54. [PMID: 25213337 PMCID: PMC4303959 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune β-cell death leads to type 1 diabetes, and with findings that Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) activation contributes to β-cell death, we assessed the effects of iPLA2β inhibition on diabetes development. Administration of FKGK18, a reversible iPLA2β inhibitor, to NOD female mice significantly reduced diabetes incidence in association with 1) reduced insulitis, reflected by reductions in CD4(+) T cells and B cells; 2) improved glucose homeostasis; 3) higher circulating insulin; and 4) β-cell preservation. Furthermore, FKGK18 inhibited production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from CD4(+) T cells and antibodies from B cells, suggesting modulation of immune cell responses by iPLA2β-derived products. Consistent with this, 1) adoptive transfer of diabetes by CD4(+) T cells to immunodeficient and diabetes-resistant NOD.scid mice was mitigated by FKGK18 pretreatment and 2) TNF-α production from CD4(+) T cells was reduced by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase, which metabolize arachidonic acid to generate bioactive inflammatory eicosanoids. However, adoptive transfer of diabetes was not prevented when mice were administered FKGK18-pretreated T cells or when FKGK18 administration was initiated with T-cell transfer. The present observations suggest that iPLA2β-derived lipid signals modulate immune cell responses, raising the possibility that early inhibition of iPLA2β may be beneficial in ameliorating autoimmune destruction of β-cells and mitigating type 1 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Bone
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ying Gai
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Victoria Magrioti
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maroula G Kokotou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomader Ali
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - George Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Ayilavarapu S, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. IPLA2 mRNA expression by human neutrophils in type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. J Int Acad Periodontol 2014; 16:121-126. [PMID: 25654966 PMCID: PMC4793369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide and complications of T2D cause significant systemic and dental morbidity in the susceptible individual. Although T2D has been linked as a significant risk factor for chronic periodontitis (CP), molecular mechanisms explaining the pathogenesis and inflammatory impact of CP in T2D are lacking. iPLA2 is the calcium-independent form of phospholipase A2. In previous studies, we demonstrated that iPLA2 enzyme activity is altered in T2D. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the level of the iPLA2 abnormality in T2D by measuring messenger RNA levels in T2D-associated CP. A total of 53 healthy and T2D subjects with CP were recruited for this study. The clinical periodontal exam included probing pocket depth, clinical attachment levels and bleeding on probing. Peripheral venous blood was collected and neutrophils were isolated. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify iPLA2 mRNA in neutrophils from healthy controls and people with diabetes. Results revealed that the prevalence of moderate to severe CP was increased in people with T2D. The iPLA, mRNA levels in diabetics with different severity of CP were not significantly different compared to healthy controls; 1.07 vs 0.97 (mild CP), 1.07 vs 0.85 (moderate CP) and 1.07 vs 1.05 (severe CP). Collectively, the data suggest that levels of iPLA2 mRNA in T2D are not different than in health and are not directly influenced by periodontal disease status. The impact of inflammation on iPLA2 regulation is at the level of activation of the enzyme rather than expression at the mRNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Ayilavarapu
- Department of General Dentistry, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
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35
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Lei X, Bone RN, Ali T, Zhang S, Bohrer A, Tse HM, Bidasee KR, Ramanadham S. Evidence of contribution of iPLA2β-mediated events during islet β-cell apoptosis due to proinflammatory cytokines suggests a role for iPLA2β in T1D development. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3352-64. [PMID: 25004092 PMCID: PMC4138580 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of islet β-cells, but the underlying mechanisms that contribute to this process are incompletely understood, especially the role of lipid signals generated by β-cells. Proinflammatory cytokines induce ER stress in β-cells and we previously found that the Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) participates in ER stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. In view of reports of elevated iPLA2β in T1D, we examined if iPLA2β participates in cytokine-mediated islet β-cell apoptosis. We find that the proinflammatory cytokine combination IL-1β+IFNγ, induces: a) ER stress, mSREBP-1, and iPLA2β, b) lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) generation, c) neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSMase2), d) ceramide accumulation, e) mitochondrial membrane decompensation, f) caspase-3 activation, and g) β-cell apoptosis. The presence of a sterol regulatory element in the iPLA2β gene raises the possibility that activation of SREBP-1 after proinflammatory cytokine exposure contributes to iPLA2β induction. The IL-1β+IFNγ-induced outcomes (b-g) are all inhibited by iPLA2β inactivation, suggesting that iPLA2β-derived lipid signals contribute to consequential islet β-cell death. Consistent with this possibility, ER stress and β-cell apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines are exacerbated in islets from RIP-iPLA2β-Tg mice and blunted in islets from iPLA2β-KO mice. These observations suggest that iPLA2β-mediated events participate in amplifying β-cell apoptosis due to proinflammatory cytokines and also that iPLA2β activation may have a reciprocal impact on ER stress development. They raise the possibility that iPLA2β inhibition, leading to ameliorations in ER stress, apoptosis, and immune responses resulting from LPC-stimulated immune cell chemotaxis, may be beneficial in preserving β-cell mass and delaying/preventing T1D evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Lei
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology (X.L., T.A., S.R.), Pathology (R.N.B.), Microbiology (H.M.T.), and Comprehensive Diabetes Center (X.L., R.N.B., T.A., H.M.T., S.R.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Department of Medicine (S.Z., A.B.), Mass Spectrometry Resource and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110; and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience (K.R.B.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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Saab S, Buteau B, Leclère L, Bron AM, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Bretillon L, Acar N. Involvement of plasmalogens in post-natal retinal vascular development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101076. [PMID: 24963632 PMCID: PMC4071069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Proper development of retinal blood vessels is essential to ensure sufficient oxygen and nutrient supplies to the retina. It was shown that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) could modulate factors involved in tissue vascularization. A congenital deficiency in ether-phospholipids, also termed “plasmalogens”, was shown to lead to abnormal ocular vascularization. Because plasmalogens are considered to be reservoirs of PUFAs, we wished to improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which plasmalogens regulate retinal vascular development and whether the release of PUFAs by calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) could be involved. Methods and Results By characterizing the cellular and molecular steps of retinal vascular development in a mouse model of plasmalogen deficiency, we demonstrated that plasmalogens modulate angiogenic processes during the early phases of retinal vascularization. They influence glial activity and primary astrocyte template formation, endothelial cell proliferation and retinal vessel outgrowth, and impact the expression of the genes involved in angiogenesis in the retina. These early defects led to a disorganized and dysfunctional retinal vascular network at adult age. By comparing these data to those obtained on a mouse model of retinal iPLA2 inhibition, we suggest that these processes may be mediated by PUFAs released from plasmalogens and further signalling through the angiopoietin/tie pathways. Conclusions These data suggest that plasmalogens play a crucial role in retinal vascularization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Saab
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Bénédicte Buteau
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Leclère
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Alain M. Bron
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine P. Creuzot-Garcher
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
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Illingworth MA, Meyer E, Chong WK, Manzur AY, Carr LJ, Younis R, Hardy C, McDonald F, Childs AM, Stewart B, Warren D, Kneen R, King MD, Hayflick SJ, Kurian MA. PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN): further expansion of the clinical, radiological and mutation spectrum associated with infantile and atypical childhood-onset disease. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 112:183-9. [PMID: 24745848 PMCID: PMC4048546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) is a major phenotype of autosomal recessive Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA). We describe the clinical phenotypes, neuroimaging features and PLA2G6 mutations in 5 children, of whom 4 presented with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). One other patient was diagnosed with the onset of PLAN in childhood, and our report highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with this atypical PLAN subtype. In this series, the neuroradiological relevance of classical PLAN features as well as apparent claval hypertrophy' is explored. Novel PLA2G6 mutations were identified in all patients. PLAN should be considered not only in patients presenting with a classic INAD phenotype but also in older patients presenting later in childhood with non-specific progressive neurological features including social communication difficulties, gait disturbance, dyspraxia, neuropsychiatric symptoms and extrapyramidal motor features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Illingworth
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Meyer
- Neurosciences Unit, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - W K Chong
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Y Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre for Congenital Muscular Dystrophies and Myopathies, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - L J Carr
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Younis
- West Midlands Regional Genetics, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Hardy
- West Midlands Regional Genetics, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - F McDonald
- West Midlands Regional Genetics, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - A M Childs
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - B Stewart
- Department of Paediatrics, York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - D Warren
- Department of Neuroradiology, Leeds teaching Hospitals, Leeds. UK
| | - R Kneen
- Department of Neurology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - M D King
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S J Hayflick
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, OR Health & Science University, Portland 97239, USA; Department of Paediatrics, OR Health & Science University, Portland 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, OR Health & Science University, Portland 97239, USA
| | - M A Kurian
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Neurosciences Unit, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Yun HM, Park KR, Lee HP, Lee DH, Jo M, Shin DH, Yoon DY, Han SB, Hong JT. PRDX6 promotes lung tumor progression via its GPx and iPLA2 activities. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:367-76. [PMID: 24512906 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PRDX6 is a bifunctional protein with both glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activities, which are concomitantly increased with the expression of PRDX6. PRDX6 promoted lung tumor growth in an in vivo allograft model. Herein, we further studied the vital roles in tumor progression of PRDX6 in lung cancer using nude mice bearing PRDX6-overexpressing lung cancer cells. Nude mice xenografted with PRDX6 showed increases in tumor size and weight compared to control mice. Histopathological and Western blotting examination demonstrated that expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and cyclin-dependent kinases accompanied by increased iPLA2 and GPx activities were increased in the tumor tissues of PRDX6-overexpressing nude mice. In tumor tissues of PRDX6-overexpressing mice, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and AP-1 DNA binding were also increased. The growth of lung cancer cell lines (A549 and NCI-H460) was enhanced by the increase in iPLA2 and GPx activities of PRDX6. In addition, mutant PRDX6 (C47S) attenuated PRDX6-mediated p38, ERK1/2, and AP-1 activities as well as its enzyme activities in the A549 and NCI-H460 lines. Furthermore, tumor growth and p38, ERK1/2, and AP-1 activities were also inhibited in nude mice bearing mutant PRDX6 (C47S) compared to PRDX6. Therefore, our findings indicate that PRDX6 promotes lung tumor growth via increased glutathione peroxidase and iPLA2 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Peum Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Jo
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dea Hwan Shin
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women׳s University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 150-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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Li Z, Zhou Z, Huang G, Hu F, Xiang Y, He L. Exendin-4 protects mitochondria from reactive oxygen species induced apoptosis in pancreatic Beta cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76172. [PMID: 24204601 PMCID: PMC3811987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mitochondrial oxidative stress is the basis for pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and a common pathway for numerous types of damage, including glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. We cultivated mice pancreatic β-cell tumor Min6 cell lines in vitro and observed pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and changes in mitochondrial function before and after the addition of Exendin-4. Based on these observations, we discuss the protective role of Exendin-4 against mitochondrial oxidative damage and its relationship with Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2. Methods We established a pancreatic β-cell oxidative stress damage model using Min6 cell lines cultured in vitro with tert-buty1 hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide. We then added Exendin-4 to observe changes in the rate of cell apoptosis (Annexin-V-FITC-PI staining flow cytometry and DNA ladder). We detected the activity of the caspase 3 and 8 apoptotic factors, measured the mitochondrial membrane potential losses and reactive oxygen species production levels, and detected the expression of cytochrome c and Smac/DLAMO in the cytosol and mitochondria, mitochondrial Ca2-independent phospholipase A2 and Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 mRNA. Results The time-concentration curve showed that different percentages of apoptosis occurred at different time-concentrations in tert-buty1 hydroperoxide- and hydrogen peroxide-induced Min6 cells. Incubation with 100 µmol/l of Exendin-4 for 48 hours reduced the Min6 cell apoptosis rate (p<0.05). The mitochondrial membrane potential loss and total reactive oxygen species levels decreased (p<0.05), and the release of cytochrome c and Smac/DLAMO from the mitochondria was reduced. The study also showed that Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 activity was positively related to Exendin-4 activity. Conclusion Exendin-4 reduces Min6 cell oxidative damage and the cell apoptosis rate, which may be related to Ca2-independent phospholipase A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Gan Huang
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lining He
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Salih MA, Mundwiller E, Khan AO, AlDrees A, Elmalik SA, Hassan HH, Al-Owain M, Alkhalidi HMS, Katona I, Kabiraj MM, Chrast R, Kentab AY, Alzaidan H, Rodenburg RJ, Bosley TM, Weis J, Koenig M, Stevanin G, Azzedine H. New findings in a global approach to dissect the whole phenotype of PLA2G6 gene mutations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76831. [PMID: 24130795 PMCID: PMC3792983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PLA2G6 gene have variable phenotypic outcome including infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy, idiopathic neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation and Karak syndrome. The cause of this phenotypic variation is so far unknown which impairs both genetic diagnosis and appropriate family counseling. We report detailed clinical, electrophysiological, neuroimaging, histologic, biochemical and genetic characterization of 11 patients, from 6 consanguineous families, who were followed for a period of up to 17 years. Cerebellar atrophy was constant and the earliest feature of the disease preceding brain iron accumulation, leading to the provisional diagnosis of a recessive progressive ataxia in these patients. Ultrastructural characterization of patients’ muscle biopsies revealed focal accumulation of granular and membranous material possibly resulting from defective membrane homeostasis caused by disrupted PLA2G6 function. Enzyme studies in one of these muscle biopsies provided evidence for a relatively low mitochondrial content, which is compatible with the structural mitochondrial alterations seen by electron microscopy. Genetic characterization of 11 patients led to the identification of six underlying PLA2G6 gene mutations, five of which are novel. Importantly, by combining clinical and genetic data we have observed that while the phenotype of neurodegeneration associated with PLA2G6 mutations is variable in this cohort of patients belonging to the same ethnic background, it is partially influenced by the genotype, considering the age at onset and the functional disability criteria. Molecular testing for PLA2G6 mutations is, therefore, indicated in childhood-onset ataxia syndromes, if neuroimaging shows cerebellar atrophy with or without evidence of iron accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A. Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emeline Mundwiller
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Genotyping and Sequencing Facility, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (GHPS), Paris, France
| | - Arif O. Khan
- Division of Paediatrics Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed AlDrees
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah A. Elmalik
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy H. Hassan
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham M. S. Alkhalidi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Istvan Katona
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amal Y. Kentab
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Alzaidan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard J. Rodenburg
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, 774 Laboratory for Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic disorders (LGEM), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M. Bosley
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Neurology Division, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michel Koenig
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)/Université de Strasbourg, et Collège de France, Illkirch, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Genotyping and Sequencing Facility, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (GHPS), Paris, France
- École Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris, France
- INSERM-U975, Paris, France
- CNRS-UMR (Unité mixte de Recherche) 7225, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, (UMR-S)_975, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (cricm), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (GHPS), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, GHPS, Paris, France
| | - Hamid Azzedine
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Kurian MA, Hayflick SJ. Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) and PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN): review of two major neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) phenotypes. Int Rev Neurobiol 2013; 110:49-71. [PMID: 24209433 PMCID: PMC6059649 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410502-7.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the presence of radiologically discernible high brain iron, particularly within the basal ganglia. A number of childhood NBIA syndromes are described, of which two of the major subtypes are pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) and PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN). PKAN and PLAN are autosomal recessive NBIA disorders due to mutations in PANK2 and PLA2G6, respectively. Presentation is usually in childhood, with features of neurological regression and motor dysfunction. In both PKAN and PLAN, a number of classical and atypical phenotypes are reported. In this chapter, we describe the clinical, radiological, and genetic features of these two disorders and also discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms postulated to play a role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju A Kurian
- Neurosciences Unit, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Reese EA, Cheon Y, Ramadan E, Kim HW, Chang L, Rao JS, Rapoport SI, Taha AY. Gabapentin's minimal action on markers of rat brain arachidonic acid metabolism agrees with its inefficacy against bipolar disorder. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 87:71-7. [PMID: 22841517 PMCID: PMC3431015 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In rats, FDA-approved mood stabilizers used for treating bipolar disorder (BD) selectively downregulate brain markers of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade, which are upregulated in postmortem BD brain. Phase III clinical trials show that the anticonvulsant gabapentin (GBP) is ineffective in treating BD. We hypothesized that GBP would not alter the rat brain AA cascade. Chronic GBP (10 mg/kg body weight, injected i.p. for 30 days) compared to saline vehicle did not significantly alter brain expression or activity of AA-selective cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) IVA or secretory (s)PLA(2) IIA, activity of cyclooxygenase-2, or prostaglandin E(2) or thromboxane B(2) concentrations. Plasma esterified and unesterified AA concentration was unaffected. These results, taken with evidence of an upregulated AA cascade in the BD brain and that approved mood stabilizers downregulate the rat brain AA cascade, support the hypothesis that effective anti-BD drugs act by targeting the brain AA cascade whereas ineffective drugs (such as GBP) do not target this pathway, and suggest that the rat model might be used for screening new anti-BD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Corresponding author: Ameer Taha, PhD., 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 9, 1S-126, BPMS, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, , Phone: 301-451-6568, Fax: 301-402-0074
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Zhao Z, Wang J, Zhao C, Bi W, Yue Z, Ma ZA. Genetic ablation of PLA2G6 in mice leads to cerebellar atrophy characterized by Purkinje cell loss and glial cell activation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26991. [PMID: 22046428 PMCID: PMC3203935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a progressive, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by axonal dystrophy, abnormal iron deposition and cerebellar atrophy. This disease was recently mapped to PLA2G6, which encodes group VI Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2) or iPLA(2)β). Here we show that genetic ablation of PLA2G6 in mice (iPLA(2)β(-/-)) leads to the development of cerebellar atrophy by the age of 13 months. Atrophied cerebella exhibited significant loss of Purkinje cells, as well as reactive astrogliosis, the activation of microglial cells, and the pronounced up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Moreover, glial cell activation and the elevation in TNF-α and IL-1β expression occurred before apparent cerebellar atrophy. Our findings indicate that the absence of PLA2G6 causes neuroinflammation and Purkinje cell loss and ultimately leads to cerebellar atrophy. Our study suggests that iPLA(2)β(-/-) mice are a valuable model for cerebellar atrophy in INAD and that early anti-inflammatory therapy may help slow the progression of cerebellar atrophy in this deadly neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Zhao
- Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chunying Zhao
- Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Weina Bi
- Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhongmin Alex Ma
- Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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Bower MA, Bushara K, Dempsey MA, Das S, Tuite PJ. Novel mutations in siblings with later-onset PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN). Mov Disord 2011; 26:1768-9. [PMID: 21520282 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Paisán-Ruiz C, Guevara R, Federoff M, Hanagasi H, Sina F, Elahi E, Schneider SA, Schwingenschuh P, Bajaj N, Emre M, Singleton AB, Hardy J, Bhatia KP, Brandner S, Lees AJ, Houlden H. Early-onset L-dopa-responsive parkinsonism with pyramidal signs due to ATP13A2, PLA2G6, FBXO7 and spatacsin mutations. Mov Disord 2010; 25:1791-800. [PMID: 20669327 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven autosomal recessive genes associated with juvenile and young-onset Levodopa-responsive parkinsonism have been identified. Mutations in PRKN, DJ-1, and PINK1 are associated with a rather pure parkinsonian phenotype, and have a more benign course with sustained treatment response and absence of dementia. On the other hand, Kufor-Rakeb syndrome has additional signs, which distinguish it clearly from Parkinson's disease including supranuclear vertical gaze palsy, myoclonic jerks, pyramidal signs, and cognitive impairment. Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type I (Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome) due to mutations in PANK2 gene may share similar features with Kufor-Rakeb syndrome. Mutations in three other genes, PLA2G6 (PARK14), FBXO7 (PARK15), and Spatacsin (SPG11) also produce clinical similar phenotypes in that they presented with rapidly progressive parkinsonism, initially responsive to Levodopa treatment but later, developed additional features including cognitive decline and loss of Levodopa responsiveness. Here, using homozygosity mapping and sequence analysis in families with complex parkinsonisms, we identified genetic defects in the ATP13A2 (1 family), PLA2G6 (1 family) FBXO7 (2 families), and SPG11 (1 family). The genetic heterogeneity was surprising given their initially common clinical features. On careful review, we found the FBXO7 cases to have a phenotype more similar to PRKN gene associated parkinsonism. The ATP13A2 and PLA2G6 cases were more seriously disabled with additional swallowing problems, dystonic features, severe in some, and usually pyramidal involvement including pyramidal weakness. These data suggest that these four genes account for many cases of Levodopa responsive parkinsonism with pyramidal signs cases formerly categorized clinically as pallido-pyramidal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coro Paisán-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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Fèvre C, Bellenger S, Pierre AS, Minville M, Bellenger J, Gresti J, Rialland M, Narce M, Tessier C. The metabolic cascade leading to eicosanoid precursors--desaturases, elongases, and phospholipases A2--is altered in Zucker fatty rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2010; 1811:409-17. [PMID: 21172452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and obesity is accompanied by severe lipid metabolism perturbations and chronic low-grade inflammation. However, many unresolved questions remained regarding the regulation that underlie dyslipidemia, particularly the regulation of the metabolic cascade (synthesis and release) leading to eicosanoid precursors release. This study was undertaken to investigate the regulation of desaturases/elongases and phospholipases A(2) during the establishment of metabolic syndrome. Our results showed that delta-6 desaturase as well as elongase-6 expressions were upregulated in 3-month-old Zucker fatty rats as compared to lean littermates, independently of SREBP-1c activation. We also demonstrated for the first time an increase of liver group VII phospholipase A(2) gene expression in the obese animals together with a strong specific inhibition of type IVA and VIA phospholipases A(2). These results suggest that the regulation of unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis and signalling cascade could contribute to the development of liver lipid dysregulation related to metabolic syndrome and may be considered as new potential targets in such pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Fèvre
- INSERM UMR 866/Université de Bourgogne, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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Engel LA, Jing Z, O'Brien DE, Sun M, Kotzbauer PT. Catalytic function of PLA2G6 is impaired by mutations associated with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy but not dystonia-parkinsonism. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12897. [PMID: 20886109 PMCID: PMC2944820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the PLA2G6 gene have been identified in autosomal recessive neurodegenerative diseases classified as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), and dystonia-parkinsonism. These clinical syndromes display two significantly different disease phenotypes. NBIA and INAD are very similar, involving widespread neurodegeneration that begins within the first 1-2 years of life. In contrast, patients with dystonia-parkinsonism present with a parkinsonian movement disorder beginning at 15 to 30 years of age. The PLA2G6 gene encodes the PLA2G6 enzyme, also known as group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A(2), which has previously been shown to hydrolyze the sn-2 acyl chain of phospholipids, generating free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We produced purified recombinant wildtype (WT) and mutant human PLA2G6 proteins and examined their catalytic function using in vitro assays with radiolabeled lipid substrates. We find that human PLA2G6 enzyme hydrolyzes both phospholipids and lysophospholipids, releasing free fatty acids. Mutations associated with different disease phenotypes have different effects on catalytic activity. Mutations associated with INAD/NBIA cause loss of enzyme activity, with mutant proteins exhibiting less than 20% of the specific activity of WT protein in both lysophospholipase and phospholipase assays. In contrast, mutations associated with dystonia-parkinsonism do not impair catalytic activity, and two mutations produce a significant increase in specific activity for phospholipid but not lysophospholipid substrates. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that different alterations in PLA2G6 function produce the different disease phenotypes of NBIA/INAD and dystonia-parkinsonism. INAD/NBIA is caused by loss of the ability of PLA2G6 to catalyze fatty acid release from phospholipids, which predicts accumulation of PLA2G6 phospholipid substrates and provides a mechanistic explanation for the accumulation of membranes in neuroaxonal spheroids previously observed in histopathological studies of INAD/NBIA. In contrast, dystonia-parkinsonism mutations do not appear to directly impair catalytic function, but may modify substrate preferences or regulatory mechanisms for PLA2G6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Engel
- Departments of Neurology and Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zheng Jing
- Departments of Neurology and Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. O'Brien
- Departments of Neurology and Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mengyang Sun
- Departments of Neurology and Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Paul T. Kotzbauer
- Departments of Neurology and Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zhao C, Choi J, Shi J, Song K, Turk J, Ma ZA. Protection of pancreatic beta-cells by group VIA phospholipase A(2)-mediated repair of mitochondrial membrane peroxidation. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3038-48. [PMID: 20463052 PMCID: PMC2903934 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species and oxidation of cardiolipin are key events in initiating apoptosis. We reported that group VIA Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)beta) localizes in and protects beta-cell mitochondria from oxidative damage during staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Here, we used iPLA(2)beta-null (iPLA(2)beta(-/-)) mice to investigate the role of iPLA(2)beta in the repair of mitochondrial membranes. We show that islets isolated from iPLA(2)beta(-/-) mice are more sensitive to staurosporine-induced apoptosis than those from wild-type littermates and that 2 wk of daily ip administration of staurosporine to iPLA(2)beta(-/-) mice impairs both the animals' glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by their pancreatic islets. Moreover, the iPLA(2)beta inhibitor bromoenol lactone caused mitochondrial membrane peroxidation and cytochrome c release, and these effects were reversed by N-acetyl cysteine. The mitochondrial antioxidant N-t-butyl hydroxylamine blocked staurosporine-induced cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation in iPLA(2)beta(-/-) islets. Furthermore, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential in INS-1 insulinoma cells caused by high glucose and fatty acid levels was attenuated by overexpressing iPLA(2)beta. Interestingly, iPLA(2)beta was expressed only at low levels in islet beta-cells from obesity- and diabetes-prone db/db mice. These findings support the hypothesis that iPLA(2)beta is important in repairing oxidized mitochondrial membrane components (e.g. cardiolipin) and that this prevents cytochrome c release in response to stimuli that otherwise induce apoptosis. The low iPLA(2)beta expression level in db/db mouse beta-cells may render them vulnerable to injury by reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Zhao
- Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Crompton D, Rehal PK, MacPherson L, Foster K, Lunt P, Hughes I, Brady AF, Pike MG, De Gressi S, Morgan NV, Hardy C, Smith M, MacDonald F, Maher ER, Kurian MA. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis is an effective tool for the detection of novel intragenic PLA2G6 mutations: implications for molecular diagnosis. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 100:207-12. [PMID: 20226704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) comprises a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive neurological disorders caused by mutations in the PLA2G6 gene. Direct gene sequencing detects approximately 85% mutations in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. We report the novel use of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis to detect novel PLA2G6 duplications and deletions. The identification of such copy number variants (CNVs) expands the PLAN mutation spectrum and may account for up to 12.5% of PLA2G6 mutations. MLPA should thus be employed to detect CNVs of PLA2G6 in patients who show clinical features of PLAN but in whom both disease-causing mutations cannot be identified on routine sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Crompton
- West Midlands Regional Genetic Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Metchley Park Lane, Birmingham, UK
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