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Bezerra JJL, Pinheiro AAV, Lucena RBD. Poisoning in ruminants caused by species of the genus Cestrum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil: A review of toxicological and phytochemical evidence. Toxicon 2023; 236:107348. [PMID: 37981013 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Some plant species of the genus Cestrum L. (Solanaceae family) are known to cause poisoning in farming animals in Brazil, negatively affecting the livestock sector. In this context, this study aimed to carry out a systematic review of the Cestrum species that cause poisoning in ruminants in Brazil and to list the main phytochemicals involved in these toxic activities that have already been identified. Scientific documents were retrieved in Google Scholar, PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, and SciELO databases. After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 38 articles published between 1920 and 2023 were included in the present study. Cestrum axillare Vell. [Syn. Cestrum laevigatum Schltdl.], Cestrum corymbosum Schltdl., Cestrum intermedium Sendtn., and Cestrum parqui L'Hér. were found to have reported cases of poisoning in the Northeast, Southeast, and South of Brazil. Natural poisonings in ruminants caused by these species have been recorded in ten Brazilian states, mostly in Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and Pernambuco. In general, Cestrum species cause liver damage and a clinical-pathological state characterized by acute liver failure of the poisoned animals. Cattle are more susceptible to poisoning by these plants, but there are reports of poisoning by C. axillare in goats and buffaloes as well. Several chemical constituents were identified in C. axillare and C. parqui, including some saponins and terpenoids that may be associated with the cases of poisoning. However, only one chemical compound has been identified in C. intermedium, and no phytochemical investigation has been carried out regarding toxic compounds in C. corymbosum. It is expected that future studies fill the gap in determining the toxic principles present in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jailson Lima Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anderson Angel Vieira Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Formação de Professores, Rua Sérgio Moreira de Figueiredo s/n, Casas Populares, 58900-000, Cajazeiras, PB, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Barbosa de Lucena
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Rodovia PB 079 - Km 12, 58397-000, Areia, PB, Brazil.
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Hwang JH, Lim M, Han G, Park H, Kim YB, Park J, Jun SY, Lee J, Cho JW. A comparative study on the implementation of deep learning algorithms for detection of hepatic necrosis in toxicity studies. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:399-408. [PMID: 37398569 PMCID: PMC10313597 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep learning has recently become one of the most popular methods of image analysis. In non-clinical studies, several tissue slides are generated to investigate the toxicity of a test compound. These are converted into digital image data using a slide scanner, which is then studied by researchers to investigate abnormalities, and the deep learning method has been started to adopt in this study. However, comparative studies evaluating different deep learning algorithms for analyzing abnormal lesions are scarce. In this study, we applied three algorithms, SSD, Mask R-CNN, and DeepLabV3+, to detect hepatic necrosis in slide images and determine the best deep learning algorithm for analyzing abnormal lesions. We trained each algorithm on 5750 images and 5835 annotations of hepatic necrosis including validation and test, augmented with 500 image tiles of 448 × 448 pixels. Precision, recall, and accuracy were calculated for each algorithm based on the prediction results of 60 test images of 2688 × 2688 pixels. The two segmentation algorithms, DeepLabV3+ and Mask R-CNN, showed over 90% of accuracy (0.94 and 0.92, respectively), whereas SSD, an object detection algorithm, showed lower accuracy. The trained DeepLabV3+ outperformed all others in recall while also successfully separating hepatic necrosis from other features in the test images. It is important to localize and separate the abnormal lesion of interest from other features to investigate it on a slide level. Therefore, we suggest that segmentation algorithms are more appropriate than object detection algorithms for use in the pathological analysis of images in non-clinical studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00173-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Hwang
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Lim
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongjin Han
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Research & Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, 07807 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Jun
- Research & Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, 07807 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Lee
- Research & Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, 07807 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
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Salehi M, Iqbal M, Dube A, AlJoudeh A, Edenborough F. Delayed hepatic necrosis in a cystic fibrosis patient taking Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (Kaftrio). Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 34:101553. [PMID: 34815934 PMCID: PMC8593462 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of Cystic Fibrosis Trans Regulatory modulator (CFTRm) drugs has seen a transformation in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) treatment. This has led to a significant improvement in lung function and quality of life with the potential for a real impact on life expectancy. Transient mild to moderate hepatic transaminitis is a well-known side effect of CFTRm drugs, which often improves on cessation and may not recur following the re-institution of the drug. We describe a case of transaminitis developing nine months after the initiation of Kaftrio, which progressed to liver necrosis despite stopping Kaftrio and took many months to resolve. The patient had experienced significant improvement in lung function and overall health while on Kaftrio and deteriorated when it was stopped. He was keen to restart; however, Kaftrio was not reinstated due to the potential risk of acute liver failure.
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Key Words
- ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine Transaminase
- AST, Aspartate Transaminase
- Adverse effect
- CF, Cystic Fibrosis
- CFTR modulators
- CFTRm, Transmembrane Regulator Protein Modulator
- CMV, Cytomegalovirus
- EBV, Epstein-Barr Virus
- FEV1, Forced Expiratory Volume
- GGT, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase
- Hepatic necrosis
- Liver injury
- Severe transaminitis
- VZV, Varicella-Zoster Virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahan Salehi
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mubashar Iqbal
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Asha Dube
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Department of Histopathology, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amer AlJoudeh
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sheffield, UK
| | - Frank Edenborough
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Sheffield, UK
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Abstract
When patients with suspected drug-induced liver injury (DILI) undergo liver biopsy, the pathologist can provide a wealth of information on the morphologic changes. The most common histologic patterns of DILI include mimics of acute and chronic hepatitis as well as acute cholestasis, chronic cholestasis, and a mixed pattern that combines hepatitis with cholestasis. The pattern may suggest etiologies of injury or correlate with reported patterns of injury for specific agents. Biopsy may exonerate or indict particular drugs as causal agents of injury and provide specific information on severity of injury and specific types of changes related to various outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billel Gasmi
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 2S235, MSC1500, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Post-Mortem Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 2S235, MSC1500, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Corresponding author,
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Lv H, An B, Yu Q, Cao Y, Liu Y, Li S. The hepatoprotective effect of myricetin against lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 155:1092-1104. [PMID: 31712142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fulminant hepatitis (FH) is a severe liver disease characterized by extensive hepatic necrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Myricetin (Myr), a botanical flavonoid glycoside, is recognized to exert antiapoptosis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In the current study, we focused on exploring the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Myr against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced FH. These data indicated that Myr effectively protected from LPS/D-GalN-induced FH by lowering the mortality of mice, decreasing ALT and AST levels, and alleviating histopathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hepatic apoptosis. Moreover, Myr could efficiently mediate multiple signaling pathways, displaying not only the regulation of caspase-3/9 and P53 protein, inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, and -mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but also the increase of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, as well as induction of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation in mice with LPS/D-GalN-induced FH. Importantly, our further results in vitro suggested that Myr remarkably attenuated H2O2-triggered hepatotoxicity and ROS generation, activated Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 and AMPK/ACC signaling pathway. However, Myr-enhanced the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 protein was reversed by Keap1-overexpression, Nrf2-null and AMPK inhibitor. Meanwhile, Myr-relieved hepatotoxicity excited by H2O2 was blocked by Nrf2-null and AMPK inhibitor. Taken together, Myr exhibits a protective role against LPS/D-GalN-induced FH by suppressing hepatic apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, likely involving in the regulation of apoptosis-related protein, TLR4-NF-κB/-MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasome, and AMPK-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Bayi, China
| | - Beiying An
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Qinlei Yu
- Jilin Provincial Animal Disease Control Center, 4510 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yu Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Bayi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Bayi, China
| | - Shize Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Bayi, China.
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Machado M, Miguel MP, Terra JP, Ferreira JA, Riet-Correa F, de Castro MB. Acute fatal poisoning by spontaneous ingestion of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Mimosidae) pods in horses. Toxicon 2019; 168:122-125. [PMID: 31330192 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of acute poisoning of horses by Enterolobium contortisiliquum pods is reported in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Three horses presented apathy, hyporexia, prostration, jaundice, recumbency and died in 24-48 hours. The main pathological findings were a yellowish liver with an enhanced lobular pattern, multifocal hepatic necrosis mostly in the midzones of lobules and sometimes with a random distribution across the hepatic lobes and swelling of hepatocytes. E. contortisiliquum trees has a wide distribution in South America and cases of poisoning have not been reported in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael Machado
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital,Via L4 Norte, Sn/, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70636-200, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marina Pacheco Miguel
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, UFG, Rua 235 S/n, Setor Universitário, 74605-050, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pereira Terra
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari, Rodovia BR 280 - Km 27 - Cx. Postal 21, Porto Grande, 89245000, Araquari, SC, Brazil
| | - Jair Alves Ferreira
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital,Via L4 Norte, Sn/, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70636-200, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 Km 11, Colonia Del Sacramento, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Márcio Botelho de Castro
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital,Via L4 Norte, Sn/, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70636-200, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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Pathak R, Kumar A, Palfrey HA, Forney LA, Stone KP, Raju NR, Gettys TW, Murthy SN. The incretin enhancer, sitagliptin, exacerbates expression of hepatic inflammatory markers in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:581-595. [PMID: 31073849 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypercholesterolemia is associated with the development of a pro-inflammatory state and is a documented risk factor for progression to insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. Sitagliptin is an incretin enhancer that improves glucose tolerance by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4, but it also has reported anti-inflammatory effects. The current study was thus undertaken to examine the interactions of dietary Cholesterol (Cho) and sitagliptin on markers of inflammation. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were provided diets high in Cho and gavaged with vehicle or an aqueous suspension of sitagliptin (100 mg/kg/day) from day 10 through day 35. Molecular methods were used to analyze the lipid profile and inflammatory markers in liver and serum samples. H&E-stained liver sections were used for histopathological evaluation. Hepatic influx of mononuclear cells and necrosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sitagliptin reduced triglyceride and Cho levels in serum of rats on the control diet but these effects were abrogated in rats on the high-Cho diet. Sitagliptin produced a significant increase in the expression of hepatic inflammatory markers (Tnfa, Il1b, and Mcp1) and a corresponding increase in serum TNFα and IL-1β in rats on the high-Cho diet, but it had no effect on rats on the control diet. Additionally, sitagliptin had no effect on liver morphology in rats on the control diet, but it produced hepatic histopathological changes indicative of necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration in rats on the high-Cho diet. These mononuclear cells were identified as macrophages and T cells. CONCLUSION When provided in the context of a high-Cho diet, these findings reveal previously unrecognized hepato-inflammatory effects of sitagliptin that are accompanied by evidence of hepatic necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Pathak
- Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Henry A Palfrey
- Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Laura A Forney
- Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Narayan R Raju
- Pathology Research Laboratory Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Subramanyam N Murthy
- Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
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Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is constantly changing as new drugs are approved and as new herbals and dietary supplements (HDS) reach the market. The pathologist plays a key role in the evaluation of DILI by classifying and interpreting the histologic findings considering patients' medical history and drug exposure. The liver biopsy findings may suggest alternative explanations of the injury and additional testing that should be performed to exclude non-DILI causes. Recent reports of iatrogenic liver injury are reviewed with attention to immunomodulatory and antineoplastic agents as well as reports of injury associated with HDS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 2S235, MSC1500, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Ettel M, Gonzalez GA, Gera S, Eze O, Sigal S, Park JS, Xu R. Frequency and pathological characteristics of drug-induced liver injury in a tertiary medical center. Hum Pathol 2017; 68:92-98. [PMID: 28873351 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) accounts for approximately 10% of acute hepatitis cases. DILI can arise as idiosyncratic or intrinsic injury from hundreds of drugs, herbals, and nutritional supplements and is essential to recognize as one of the differential diagnoses of hepatitis in a liver biopsy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency and pathological characteristics of DILI related to the variety of hepatotoxic agents. We searched our pathology database for all patients with hepatitis diagnosed on liver biopsy from January 2012 to May 2016, and selected patients with a diagnosis of DILI. Electronic medical records were reviewed for patient medication list, history of herbal medicine or supplement use, and pre-biopsy liver function test (LFT) results. Clinical and pathologic correlation was used to determine the causative or related agents for DILI. We then assessed histopathologic features of liver injury and categorized biopsy findings as primarily bile duct injury, lobular/portal hepatitis, or mixed changes. Six hundred four total liver biopsies for hepatitis or liver injury were identified, of which 70 cases (11.6%) carried the diagnosis of DILI confirmed by clinical correlation. The most common etiologies associated with DILI were supplements and herbal products (31.4%), antimicrobials (14.3%), chemotherapeutics (11.4%), antilipidemics (7.1%) and immunomodulatory agents (7.1%). LFT results positively correlated with histological findings. Nutritional/herbal supplements have emerged as one of the major hepatotoxicity agents. DILI can manifest as predominantly hepatitis, bile duct injury or combination. Histological pattern recognition in the liver biopsy may help identify specific hepatotoxic agents causing DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ettel
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.
| | | | - Shweta Gera
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Ogechukwu Eze
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Samuel Sigal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - James S Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.
| | - Ruliang Xu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.
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10
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Abstract
The evaluation of liver biopsies in suspected drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can be complex. The biopsy may be approached systematically, by identification of histologic lesions and then identification of the overall pattern of injury. Potential DILI must be separated from concomitant non-DILI liver disease. The findings can be analyzed with respect to the various prescription and nonprescription medications and dietary supplements under suspicion to provide a complete interpretation of the findings. The pathologic findings, the histologic differential diagnosis, and expert interpretation are part of a complete biopsy assessment and provide information that is of greatest value in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 2S235, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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11
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Chang JO, Choi JW, Hwang Y. A case of severe corrosive esophagitis, gastritis, and liver necrosis caused by ingestion of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2017; 3:256-261. [PMID: 28168233 PMCID: PMC5292296 DOI: 10.15441/ceem.15.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The plastic hardener methyl ethyl ketone peroxide is unstable peroxide that releases free oxygen radicals. Ingestion of this compound induces widespread liver necrosis, severe metabolic acidosis, corrosive esophagitis and gastritis, that is often fatal. A 49-year-old man unintentionally ingested approximately 100 mL (55%) of this compound in solution, which was purchased as plastic hardener. Despite resuscitation, he died about 11 hours after admission. We report a patient with poisoning due to methyl ethyl ketone peroxide who presented with corrosive esophagitis and gastritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and developed ischemia of the bowel and necrosis of the liver and died of severe metabolic acidosis and multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Oh Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yong Hwang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
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12
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Andrews R, Queen T, Alcorn J, McCarthy D. A Remembrance of Procedures Past: Late Hepatic Artery Thrombosis. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:340-344. [PMID: 27995403 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Andrews
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas Queen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MSC 10-5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Joseph Alcorn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Denis McCarthy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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13
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Dutra F, Romero A, Quinteros C, Araújo R, García Y Santos C. Poisoning of sheep by Vernonia plantaginoides (Less.) Hieron in Uruguay. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:392-8. [PMID: 27240570 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716651468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vernonia plantaginoides (Less.) Hieron, previously known as Vernonia squarrosa, is a rhizomatous subshrub with purple flowers that is prevalent in the natural grassland of Uruguay, Argentina, and southern Brazil. We report an outbreak of V. plantaginoides (yuyo moro) intoxication in sheep in Treinta y Tres Department, northeastern Uruguay. A total of 54 of 463 (12%) recently weaned lambs died 2-7 days after entering a natural pasture that had been invaded by sprouting V. plantaginoides The first cases were found dead. Affected lambs showed marked jaundice, edema of the face, ears, and eyelids, and severe photodermatitis. At the autopsies of 3 lambs, the carcass was yellow, the liver was enlarged with a marked acinar pattern ("nutmeg liver"), and hemorrhages were observed on serous membranes. Microscopic lesions were characterized by diffuse periacinar hepatocellular necrosis and cholemic nephrosis. Three female lambs were experimentally dosed with the aerial parts of V. plantaginoides collected immediately after the outbreak. The lamb that was dosed once with 40 g/kg body weight died after 36 h with severe hepatic necrosis. The lamb dosed with 20 g/kg daily for 4 days showed clinical signs and microscopic lesions in the liver with multiple apoptotic hepatocytes in the periacinar zone. The third lamb, dosed with 30, 17, and 15 g/kg daily over 3 days, respectively, showed transient clinical signs and a rise in liver enzymes, but recovered, and no lesions were found postmortem. These results demonstrate that V. plantaginoides was responsible for severe field outbreaks of poisoning in sheep in Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Dutra
- Veterinary Laboratory Division (DILAVE) Miguel C Rubino, Eastern Regional Laboratory, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay (Dutra, Romero, Quinteros, Araújo)Department of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay (García y Santos)
| | - Agustin Romero
- Veterinary Laboratory Division (DILAVE) Miguel C Rubino, Eastern Regional Laboratory, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay (Dutra, Romero, Quinteros, Araújo)Department of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay (García y Santos)
| | - Carina Quinteros
- Veterinary Laboratory Division (DILAVE) Miguel C Rubino, Eastern Regional Laboratory, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay (Dutra, Romero, Quinteros, Araújo)Department of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay (García y Santos)
| | - Ruben Araújo
- Veterinary Laboratory Division (DILAVE) Miguel C Rubino, Eastern Regional Laboratory, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay (Dutra, Romero, Quinteros, Araújo)Department of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay (García y Santos)
| | - Carmen García Y Santos
- Veterinary Laboratory Division (DILAVE) Miguel C Rubino, Eastern Regional Laboratory, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay (Dutra, Romero, Quinteros, Araújo)Department of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay (García y Santos)
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Jiao L, Gan-Schreier H, Tuma-Kellner S, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. Sensitization to autoimmune hepatitis in group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2-null mice led to duodenal villous atrophy with apoptosis, goblet cell hyperplasia and leaked bile acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1646-57. [PMID: 25957555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic bowel disease can co-exist with severe autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in an absence of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Genetic background may contribute to this overlap syndrome. We previously have shown that the deficiency of iPLA2β causes an accumulation of hepatocyte apoptosis, and renders susceptibility for acute liver injury. We here tested whether AIH induction in iPLA2β-null mice could result in intestinal injury, and whether bile acid metabolism was altered. Control wild-type (WT) and female iPLA2β-null (iPLA2β(-/-)) mice were intravenously injected with 10mg/kg concanavalinA (ConA) or saline for 24h. ConA treatment of iPLA2β(-/-) mice caused massive liver injury with increased liver enzymes, fibrosis, and necrosis. While not affecting WT mice, ConA treatment of iPLA2β(-/-) mice caused severe duodenal villous atrophy concomitant with increased apoptosis, cell proliferation, globlet cell hyperplasia, and endotoxin leakage into portal vein indicating a disruption of intestinal barrier. With the greater extent than in WT mice, ConA treatment of iPLA2β(-/-) mice increased jejunal expression of innate response cytokines CD14, TNF-α, IL-6, and SOCS3 as well as chemokines CCL2 and the CCL3 receptor CCR5. iPLA2β deficiency in response to ConA-induced AIH caused a significant decrease in hepatic and biliary bile acids, and this was associated with suppression of hepatic Cyp7A1, Ntcp and ABCB11/Bsep and upregulation of intestinal FXR/FGF15 mRNA expression. The suppression of hepatic Ntcp expression together with the loss of intestinal barrier could account for the observed bile acid leakage into peripheral blood. Thus, enteropathy may result from acute AIH in a susceptible host such as iPLA2β deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiao
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sharma P, Bodhankar SL, Thakurdesai PA. Protective effect of aqueous extract of Feronia elephantum correa leaves on thioacetamide induced liver necrosis in diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:691-5. [PMID: 23569996 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evalueate hepatoprotective effects Feronia elephantum (F. elephantum) correa against thioacetamide (TA) induced liver necrosis in diabetic rats. METHODS Male wistar rats were made diabetic with alloxan (160 mg/kg) on day 0 of the study. They were intoxicated with hepatotoxicant (thioacetamide, 300 mg/kg, ip) on day 9 of study to produce liver necrosis. Effects of 7 day daily once administration (day 2 to day 9) of EF (400 and 800 mg/kg, po) were evaluated on necorosis of liver in terms of mortality, liver volume, liver weight, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum alanine transaminase (ALT), and histopathology of liver sections (for signs of necorosis and inflammation) on day-9 of the study. Separate groups of rats with treated only with alloxan (DA control), thioacetamide (TA control) and both (TA+DA control) were maintained. RESULTS FE significantly lowered the mortality rate and showed improvement in liver function parameters in TA-induced diabetic rats without change in liver weight, volume and serum glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS FE showed promising activity against TA-induced liver necorsis in diabetic rats and so might be useful for prevention of liver complications in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Deemed Vidyapeeth University, Erandwane, Pune-411038, India
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Madhu YC, Harish K. Accessory right hepatic artery and its implications for a surgeon. Indian J Surg 2013; 75:492-4. [PMID: 24426657 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-013-0893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accessory hepatic artery is an incidental finding during hepatobiliary, pancreatic surgery and may be found during hepatic transplantation surgery on angiogram. This artery should be carefully identified & preserved during these surgeries. CASE REPORT A case of accessory right hepatic artery found incidentally during pancreatico duodenectomy [whippels procedure] identified, dissected carefully & preserved. DISCUSSION Anomalous hepatic vasculature is a rare incidental finding during hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery. These anomalies or accessory hepatic arteries should be identified, carefully preserved to prevent inadvertent injury, torrential bleeding & hepatic necrosis .preservation of these anomalous vasculature will not compromise oncological margin.
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Lu H, Zhang CY, Ding W, Lu YJ, Li GQ, Zhang F, Lu L. Severe hepatic necrosis of unknown causes following ABO-incompatible liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:964-967. [PMID: 23430106 PMCID: PMC3574898 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i6.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergency ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) liver transplantations (LTx) have been performed increasingly to treat severe liver failure. Herein, we report a case of severe hepatic necrosis after ABO-I LTx. A 53-year-old man with blood group O was diagnosed as having severe hepatitis B and acute-on-chronic liver failure, and underwent an emergency liver transplantation implanting a blood-group-B liver from a cardiac-death donor. A routine anti-rejection, anti-infection and anti-virus therapy was given after operation. On post-operative day (POD) 16, the recipient had fever and erythra. Laboratory and radiographic examinations suggested a severe hepatic necrosis of unknown causes. The patient was managed with a 10-d methylprednisolone pulse therapy. He was discharged on POD 35 with stable condition, and no recurrent disease was found during the follow-up.
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Avijgan M, Meidani M, Salesi M, Rezaei F. Hepatic necrosis: a main presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a previously healthy woman. Int J Prev Med 2011; 2:286-90. [PMID: 22174971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause. In this study, we report a case of SLE that was presented with persistent vomiting and liver involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a patient with hepatic necrosis as the initial presentation of SLE in a previously healthy woman without any significant past medical history. In the literature, we found few cases of SLE with liver necrosis. In addition, all the cases found had a past medical history of a missed abortion or other complications of the disease. Therefore, if a young woman presents hepatic necrosis with a background of a previously missed abortion, it is better to perform anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anticardiolipin antibody tests as a preventive method for early diagnosis and early treatment.
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