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Bakhit Y, Tesson C, Ibrahim MO, Eltom K, Eltazi I, Elsayed LE, Lesage S, Seidi O, Corvol J, Wüllner U. PLA2G6-associated late-onset parkinsonism in a Sudanese family. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:983-989. [PMID: 37139542 PMCID: PMC10270271 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic release of fatty acids from phospholipids. Four neurological disorders with infantile, juvenile, or early adult-onset are associated with PLA2G6 genetic alterations, namely infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD), dystonia-parkinsonism (DP), and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). Few studies in Africa reported PLA2G6-associated disorders and none with parkinsonism of late adult onset. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients were clinically assessed following UK Brain Bank diagnostic criteria and International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society's Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Brain MRI without contrast was performed. Genetic testing was done using a custom-made Twist panel, screening 34 known genes, 27 risk factors, and 8 candidate genes associated with parkinsonism. Filtered variants were PCR-amplified and validated using Sanger sequencing and also tested in additional family members to study their segregation. RESULT Two siblings born to consanguineous parents developed parkinsonism at the age of 58 and 60 years, respectively. MRI showed an enlarged right hippocampus in patient 2, but no overt abnormalities indicative of INAD or iron deposits. We found two heterozygous variants in PLA2G6, an in-frame deletion NM_003560:c.2070_2072del (p.Val691del) and a missense variant NM_003560:c.956C>T (p.Thr319Met). Both variants were classified as pathogenic. CONCLUSION This is the first case in which PLA2G6 is associated with late-onset parkinsonism. Functional analysis is needed to confirm the dual effect of both variants on the structure and function of iPLA2β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Bakhit
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Mohamed O. Ibrahim
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineSudan University of Science and TechnologyKhartoumSudan
| | - Khalid Eltom
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical CenterUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Isra Eltazi
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Liena E.O. Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of MedicinePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Osheik Seidi
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Jean‐Christophe Corvol
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
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Bakhit Y, Ibrahim MO, Tesson C, Elhassan AA, Ahmed MA, Alebeed MA, Elrasheed SM, Omar MA, Abubaker R, Eltom K, Shaheen MT, Ibrahim YA, Almak ME, Ali HA, Abugrain AA, Almahal MA, MohamedSharif AA, Tahir MY, Malik SM, Eldirdiri Abdelrahman H, Khidir RJ, Mohamed MT, Abdalla A, Elsayed LEO, Lesage S, Corvol JC, Seidi O, Wüllner U. Intrafamilial and interfamilial heterogeneity of PINK1-associated Parkinson's disease in Sudan. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 111:105401. [PMID: 37150071 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PINK1 is the second most predominant gene associated with autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. Homozygous mutations in this gene are associated with an early onset of symptoms. Bradykinesia, tremors, and rigidity are common features, while dystonia, motor fluctuation, and non-motor symptoms occur in a lower percentage of cases and usually respond well to levodopa. We investigated 14 individuals with parkinsonism and eleven symptom-free siblings from three consanguineous Sudanese families, two of them multigenerational, using a custom gene panel screening 34 genes, 27 risk variants, and 8 candidate genes associated with parkinsonism. We found a known pathogenic nonsense PINK1 variant (NM_032409.3:c.1366C>T; p.(Gln456*)), a novel pathogenic single base duplication (NM_032409.3:c.1597dup; p.(Gln533Profs*29)), and another novel pathogenic insertion (NM_032409.3:c.1448_1449ins[1429_1443; TTGAG]; p.(Arg483Serfs*7)). All variants were homozygous and co-segregated in all affected family members. We also identified intrafamilial and interfamilial phenotypic heterogeneity associated with PINK1 mutations in these Sudanese cases, possibly reflecting the nature of the Sudanese population that has a large effective population size, which suggests a higher possibility of novel findings in monogenic and polygenic diseases in Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Bakhit
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Mohamed O Ibrahim
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ali A Elhassan
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Mohamed A Alebeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Salma M Elrasheed
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mawia A Omar
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rayan Abubaker
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Khalid Eltom
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mutaz T Shaheen
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yousuf A Ibrahim
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Murad E Almak
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hiba A Ali
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed A Abugrain
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed A Almahal
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abubaker A MohamedSharif
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed Y Tahir
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sawazen M Malik
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hazim Eldirdiri Abdelrahman
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, 102 rue de la Sante, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Reem J Khidir
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Malaz T Mohamed
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdelmohaymin Abdalla
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects (SNPs), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Liena E O Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Osheik Seidi
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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Bakhit Y, Schmitt I, Hamed A, Ibrahim EAA, Mohamed IN, El-Sadig SM, Elseed MA, Alebeed MA, Shaheen MT, Ibrahim MO, Elhassan AA, Eltom K, Ali HA, Ibrahim YA, Almak ME, Abubaker R, Ahmed MA, Abugrain AA, Elrasheed SM, Omar MA, Almahal MA, MohamedSharif AA, Tahir MY, Malik SM, Eldirdiri HS, Khidir RJ, Mohamed MT, Abdalla A, Omer FY, Elsayed LEO, Babikir HEH, Bukhari EAA, Seidi O, Wüllner U. Methylation of alpha-synuclein in a Sudanese cohort. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 101:6-8. [PMID: 35728367 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggested a significant role of epigenetic changes, including alterations in miRNA, histone modifications, and DNA methylation of α-synuclein (SNCA) in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenicity. As of yet, only very few studies have been carried out in this field in Africa and none in Sudan. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected DNA from 172 Sudanese individuals (90 cases, 82 controls) who donated saliva for DNA extraction (mean age of onset: 40.6 ± 22.4 years). A family history of PD was evident in 64 patients. DNA preparation and bisulfite sequencing of SNCAintron1 was performed as described earlier. RESULTS Of the fourteen analyzed CpGs of SNCAintron1, CpGs 16-23 were hypomethylated in PD (P-value ranged from 0.023 to 0.003). P-values improved, when sporadic cases were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSION We identified the presence of a specific pattern of DNA methylation in a young Sudanese cohort of familial PD, which confirms the importance of the methylation of SNCAintron1 for PD. This phenomenon appears to be independent of ethnicity, the impact of environmental factors, drug history, or familial clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Bakhit
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ina Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Ahlam Hamed
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Etedal Ahmed A Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan, and The National Centre for Neurological Sciences, Sudan
| | - Inaam N Mohamed
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sarah M El-Sadig
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maha A Elseed
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed A Alebeed
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mutaz T Shaheen
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed O Ibrahim
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ali A Elhassan
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Khalid Eltom
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hiba A Ali
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yousuf A Ibrahim
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Murad E Almak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rayan Abubaker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Molecular Biology, National University Biomedical Research Institute (NUBRI), National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Ahmed A Abugrain
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Salma M Elrasheed
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mawia A Omar
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed A Almahal
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abubaker A MohamedSharif
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed Y Tahir
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sawazen M Malik
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hazim S Eldirdiri
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; University of Bordeaux, INSERM, U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Reem J Khidir
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Malaz T Mohamed
- Sudan Neuroscience Projects, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Farouk Yassen Omer
- Department of Medicine, Neurology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Liena E O Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haydar El Hadi Babikir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan
| | - Elfateh Abd-Allah Bukhari
- Department of Neurology, Bashaier University Hospital, And Khartoum Teaching Hospital. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Osheik Seidi
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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Seidi O. Autoimmune movement disorders. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Seidi O. Anti-VGKC-antibody mediated limbic encephalitis in a Sudanese patient: Rarity in sub Saharan Africa. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Seidi O. Education and training in the neurosciences: training in neurology: Current status and future. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mateen FJ, Clark SJ, Borzello M, Kabore J, Seidi O. Neurology training in sub-Saharan Africa: A survey of people in training from 19 countries. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:871-81. [PMID: 27015883 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive understanding of neurology training from the sub-Saharan African perspective. METHODS A 40-question survey was distributed to attendees of the 7th annual sub-Saharan African neurology teaching course in Khartoum, Sudan (2015). Themes included the student body, faculty, curriculum, assessment and examinations, technology, and work hours and compensation. RESULTS Of 19 responding countries, 10 had no formal neurology training programs; Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, and Mozambique had an adult neurology program; Ethiopia, Madagascar, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa had adult and pediatric neurology programs (training duration range = 3-6 years). There was a median of 2.5 full-time neurologists on the teaching faculty at the respondents' training institutions (neurologists on-faculty:in-country ratio = 0.48), with the lowest ratios in Sudan and Nigeria. Neurology was perceived to be a competitive specialty for entrance in 57% of countries, with 78% of respondents reporting a requisite entrance examination. Ninety-five percent had access to a personal smartphone, 62% used the Internet more than occasionally, and 60% had access to online neurology journals. The average number of weekly work hours was 51 (range = 40-75), and average monthly salary among those earning income was 1,191 USD (range = 285-3,560). Twenty percent of respondents reported paying for training. The most common barriers to neurology postgraduate education were few training programs and lack of training in neurodiagnostic tests. Among 17 reporting countries, there is an estimated average of 0.6 neurologists per million people. INTERPRETATION Neurology training programs in sub-Saharan Africa are relatively limited in number and have several unmet needs including a small cadre of faculty and an opportunity to standardize curricula and financing of programs. Ann Neurol 2016;79:871-881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah J Mateen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah J Clark
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mia Borzello
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jean Kabore
- University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Seidi O, Abdelmotaal E, El Karsani M, Bushara I, Mohamed A, Abu Aisha H, El Tahir S, Al Mamoun A. An epidemic of seizures and psychosis in a Sudanese village- A rare experience. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Seidi O. An epidemic of seizures and psychosis in a sudanese village — A challenging experience. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Osheik Seidi
- Department of Neurology, Sunderland Royal Hospital.
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Al-Knawy B, Morad N, Jamal A, Mirdad S, Abol Fotouh M, Ahmed ME, Saydain G, Seidi O, Shatoor A. Helicobacter pylori and intestinal metaplasia with its subtypes in the gastric antrum in a Saudi population. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34:562-5. [PMID: 10440604 DOI: 10.1080/003655299750026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a close association between intestinal metaplasia (IM) and the development of gastric cancer as well as a relationship between Helicobacter pylori, IM, and gastric cancer. Our aim was to study the frequency and subtypes of IM in a Saudi population with dyspepsia, a population with a low prevalence of gastric cancer. METHODS Endoscopic antral biopsy specimens were histologically studied for the presence of IM and H. pylori in consecutive patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for evaluation of dyspepsia. Hematoxylin and eosin and Giemsa stain were used to study IM, inflammation, and H. pylori, whereas Alcian blue, pH 2.5/periodic acid-Schiff and high iron diamine/Alcian blue, pH 2.5, were used to study IM subtypes. RESULTS Seven hundred and seventy-eight consecutive patients were recruited in this study, 415 men and 363 women, with a mean age of 43 +/- 17.6 years. Of the 778 patients, IM was identified in 118 (15.2%). The mean ages of patients with IM (48.8 +/- 18.7) and without IM (41.9 +/- 17.4) were statistically significant (P < 0.0001), whereas the patients' sex did not influence the presence of IM. Most had type-I IM (59.3%), whereas 26.3% and 14.4% had types II and III, respectively. The overall rate of infection with H. pylori was 75.4%. There was no difference in the frequency of IM in patients with or without H. pylori (15.5% versus 14.1%; P = 0.65). Of the 118 patients with IM, the 91 patients (77.1%) who also had H. pylori were older (55 +/- 23 years) than those without H. pylori (47 +/- 17 years, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION This study has documented mainly that the prevalence of IM and IM subtype III is low in our population. Furthermore, we found no significant relationship between a high rate of H. pylori infection with either IM in general or with IM subtype III in particular, possibly accounting for a low incidence of gastric cancer in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Al-Knawy
- Dept. of Medicine, King Saud University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Three hundred and thirty-four cases of confirmed malaria seen in the Asir Central Hospital, Abha, in southwestern Saudi Arabia, were studied retrospectively. Two hundred and eighty-two of these (84.4%) were Saudis and the majority (72.2%) were living in the lowlands of Tihama. Transmission was found to occur throughout the year, with peaks following the rainy season and in the summer. In Saudis, falciparum malaria is more common than vivax (97.2% vs. 2.8%), while vivax malaria is more commonly seen in expatriates (46.2%). Poor response of falciparum malaria to chloroquine was more prevalent in expatriates than in Saudis (46.4% vs. 23%). Most of the expatriates gave a history of recent travel to countries known to be endemic with resistant malaria. The possibility of the emergence of chloroquine-resistant malaria in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Malik
- Departments of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Abha, and Asir Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Seidi O, Riedel KG. Buchbesprechungen. J Mol Med (Berl) 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01732195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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