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Sperber J, Owolo E, Abu-Bonsrah N, Neff C, Baeta C, Sun C, Dalton T, Sykes D, Bishop BL, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Walsh KM, Larry Lo SF, Sciubba D, Ostrom QT, Goodwin CR. Association Between Urbanicity and Outcomes Among Patients with Spinal Cord Ependymomas in the United States. World Neurosurg 2024; 181:e107-e116. [PMID: 37619838 PMCID: PMC10872827 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord ependymomas (SCEs) represent the most common intramedullary spinal cord tumors among adults. Research shows that access to neurosurgical care and patient outcomes can be greatly influenced by patient location. This study investigates the association between the outcomes of patients with SCE in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. METHODS Cases of SCE between 2004 and 2019 were identified within the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, a combined dataset including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries and National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between urbanicity and SCE treatment, adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, race and ethnicity. Survival data was available from 42 National Program of Cancer Registries (excluding Kansas and Minnesota, for which county data are unavailable), and Cox proportional hazard models were used to understand the effect of surgical treatment, county urbanicity, age at diagnosis, and the interaction effect between age at diagnosis and surgery, on the survival time of patients. RESULTS Overall, 7577 patients were identified, with 6454 (85%) residing in metropolitan and 1223 (15%) in nonmetropolitan counties. Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties had different age, sex, and race/ethnicity compositions; however, demographics were not associated with differences in the type of surgery received when stratified by urbanicity. Irrespective of metropolitan status, individuals who were American Indian/Alaska Native non-Hispanic and Hispanic (all races) were associated with reduced odds of receiving surgery. Individuals who were Black non-Hispanic and Hispanic were associated with increased odds of receiving comprehensive treatment. Diagnosis of SCE at later ages was linked with elevated mortality (hazard ratio = 4.85, P < 0.001). Gross total resection was associated with reduced risk of death (hazard ratio = 0.37, P = 0.004), and age did not interact with gross total resection to influence risk of death. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between patients' residential location and access to neurosurgical care is critical to ensuring equitable distribution of care. This study represents an important step in delineating areas of existing disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sperber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edwin Owolo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy Abu-Bonsrah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon, Africa
| | - Corey Neff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Cesar Baeta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chuxuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tara Dalton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Sykes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandon L Bishop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol Kruchko
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA; Trans Divisional Research Program (TDRP), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (CBIIT), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu Larry Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Long Island Jewish Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Long Island Jewish Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Chaskis E, Bouchaala M, David P, Parker F, Aghakhani N, Knafo S. Long-Term Outcomes after Incomplete Resection of Intramedullary Grade II Ependymomas: Is Adjuvant Radiotherapy Justified? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3674. [PMID: 37509335 PMCID: PMC10377589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ependymomas are the most common intramedullary tumors in adults. While gross total resection is the aim of surgery, tumor infiltration might limit resection. In cases of subtotal removal, the necessary adjuvant management remains unclear. The aim of our study was to assess the need for adjuvant radiotherapy after an incomplete resection of grade II intramedullary ependymomas (IME-II). We retrospectively reviewed all cases of IME-II operated upon at a single tertiary neurosurgical center from 2009 to 2018. Patients with anaplastic or myxopapillary ependymomas, and patients with a follow-up of less than three years, were excluded. We included 46 patients: 19 (41.3%) had a gross total resection; 21 (45.7%) had a subtotal resection; and 6 (13%) had a partial resection. None of the patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. Over a median follow-up of 79 months (range = 36-186), seven patients presented a radiological tumor progression with a mean delay of 50.9 months (range = 18-85), of which two were symptomatic (4.3%). Progression-free survival (PFS) was 90.1% at 5 years and 76.8% at 10 years. The extent of the resection was the only significant risk factor for secondary tumor progression (p = 0.012). Four of the seven patients with recurring IME-II were treated: three patients had a second surgery, leading to two GTR and one STR, followed by radiotherapy in one case, and one patient underwent radiotherapy alone. In this study, the rate of symptomatic progression and retreatment after incomplete resection of IME-II without adjuvant radiotherapy was low, suggesting a conservative approach in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Chaskis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mohamed Bouchaala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe David
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fabrice Parker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nozar Aghakhani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Steven Knafo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Amadasu E, Panther E, Lucke-Wold B. Characterization and Treatment of Spinal Tumors. INTENSIVE CARE RESEARCH 2022; 2:76-95. [PMID: 36741203 PMCID: PMC9893847 DOI: 10.1007/s44231-022-00014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of spinal tumors is rare in comparison to brain tumors which encompass most central nervous system tumors. Tumors of the spine can be divided into primary and metastatic tumors with the latter being the most common presentation. Primary tumors are subdivided based on their location on the spinal column and in the spinal cord into intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, and primary bone tumors. Back pain is a common presentation in spine cancer patients; however, other radicular pain may be present. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for intradural extramedullary and intramedullary tumors. Plain radiographs are used in the initial diagnosis of primary bone tumors while Computed tomography (CT) and MRI may often be necessary for further characterization. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice for spinal tumors and may be curative for well circumscribed lesions. However, intralesional resection along with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy can be indicated for patients that would experience increased morbidity from damage to nearby neurological structures caused by resection with wide margins. Even with the current treatment options, the prognosis for aggressive spinal cancer remains poor. Advances in novel treatments including molecular targeting, immunotherapy and stem cell therapy provide the potential for greater control of malignant and metastatic tumors of the spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efosa Amadasu
- School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Eric Panther
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Napieralska A, Majewski W, Miszczyk L. Do We Need Radiotherapy in Grade II Ependymoma? Front Oncol 2022; 12:800505. [PMID: 35311130 PMCID: PMC8931480 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.800505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose/Objectives The debate on whether radiotherapy (RT) is an essential part of primary treatment in patients with grade II ependymoma (G2E) is still ongoing, and this study aimed to evaluate its role. Materials/Methods A retrospective analysis of all the consecutive patients treated due to G2E in years 1985–2019 was performed. The group consisted of 116 patients with a small predominance of woman (55% vs. 45%) and the location of the tumor in the brain (58% vs. 42%). All had surgery as the primary treatment with 47% R0 resection. Radical RT was applied in 81 patients. In majority of cases (91%), patients received local irradiation. Results Median follow-up was 65 months, and during that time, 17 patients died. Five- and 10-year overall survival (OS) of the whole group was 87% and 83%. Radical surgery (R0 vs. R1/2) improved OS (p = 0.004), but the difference was observed only in patients with brain lesions (p = 0.01). Five- and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 68% and 51%, respectively. Looking at the treatment of recurrence, those who received RT as a part of the treatment of the recurrent tumor had better OS (p = 0.048)—5- and 10-year OS of 85% and 78% vs. 66% and 57%. In the multivariate analysis, radical surgery (R0 vs. R1/2) and the use of RT in the primary treatment improved PFS (p = 0.006 and 0.007). Based on the location of the tumor, the positive influence of RT on PFS was observed only in the case of patients with brain tumors (p = 0.01). Also, comparing R1/2 surgery with R0 resection—the benefit of RT was only observed in R1/2 group (0.02). Conclusions RT in the case of patients with G2E is a valuable treatment of the recurrent disease. Patients with brain lesions after nonradical surgery might benefit from the local irradiation in terms of PFS.
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Massaad E, Ha Y, Shankar GM, Shin JH. Clinical Prediction Modeling in Intramedullary Spinal Tumor Surgery. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2021; 134:333-339. [PMID: 34862557 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85292-4_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence is poised to influence various aspects of patient care, and neurosurgery is one of the most uprising fields where machine learning is being applied to provide surgeons with greater insight about the pathophysiology and prognosis of neurological conditions. This chapter provides a guide for clinicians on relevant aspects of machine learning and reviews selected application of these methods in intramedullary spinal cord tumors. The potential areas of application of machine learning extend far beyond the analyses of clinical data to include several areas of artificial intelligence, such as genomics and computer vision. Integration of various sources of data and application of advanced analytical approaches could improve risk assessment for intramedullary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Massaad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoon Ha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ganesh M Shankar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John H Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Shah S, Gates K, Mallory C, Rubens M, Maher OM, Niazi TN, Khatib Z, Kotecha R, Mehta MP, Hall MD. Effect of Postoperative Radiation Therapy Timing on Survival in Pediatric and Young Adult Ependymoma. Adv Radiat Oncol 2021; 6:100691. [PMID: 34409202 PMCID: PMC8360936 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2021.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Postoperative radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used for World Health Organization grade II-III intracranial ependymoma. Clinicians generally aim to begin RT ≤5 weeks after surgery, but postoperative recovery and need for second look surgery can delay the initiation of adjuvant therapy. On ACNS 0831, patients were required to enroll ≤8 weeks after initial surgery and begin adjuvant therapy within 3 weeks after enrollment. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal timing of RT after surgery. Methods and Materials The National Cancer Database was queried for patients (aged 1-39 years) with localized World Health Organization grade II-III intracranial ependymoma treated with surgery and postoperative RT. Overall survival (OS) curves were plotted based on RT timing (≤5 weeks, 5-8 weeks, and >8 weeks after surgery) and were compared by log-rank test. Factors associated with OS were identified by multivariate analysis. After 2009, complete data were available on whether patients underwent gross total resection or subtotal resection. Planned subset analysis was performed to examine the effect of RT timing on OS in patients with known extent of resection. Results In the final analytical data set of 1043 patients, no difference in 3-year OS was observed in patients who initiated RT ≤5 weeks, 5 to 8 weeks, and >8 weeks after surgery (89.8% vs 89.1% vs 88.4%; P = .796). On multivariate analysis, grade III tumors (hazard ratio, 2.752; 95% confidence interval, 1.969-3.846, P < .001) and subtotal resection (hazard ratio, 2.253; 95% confidence interval, 1.405-3.611, P < .001) were significantly associated with reduced OS. Timing of RT, total RT dose, age, and other factors were not significant. These findings were affirmed in the subset of patients treated between 2010 and 2016, when extent of resection was routinely recorded. Conclusions Delayed postoperative RT was not associated with inferior survival in patients with intracranial ependymoma. Delayed RT initiation may be acceptable in patients who require longer postoperative recovery or referral to an appropriate RT center, but should be minimized whenever practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Kevin Gates
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Chase Mallory
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Muni Rubens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Toba N Niazi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Rupesh Kotecha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Minesh P Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Matthew D Hall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
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Yang C, Sun J, Xie J, Ma C, Liu B, Wang T, Chen X, Wu J, Wu H, Zheng M, Chang Q, Yang J. Multisegmental versus monosegmental intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas: perioperative neurological functions and surgical outcomes. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 45:553-560. [PMID: 33988802 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple factors, such as tumor size, lateralization, tumor location, accompanying syringomyelia, and regional spinal cord atrophy, may affect the resectability and clinical prognosis of intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas. However, whether long-segmental involvement of the spinal cord may impair functional outcomes remains unclear. This study was aimed to compare perioperative neurological functions and long-term surgical outcomes between multisegmental ependymomas and their monosegmental counterparts. A total of 62 patients with intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma (WHO grade II) were enrolled, and all of them underwent surgical resection. The patients were classified into the multisegmental group (n = 43) and the monosegmental group (n = 19). Perioperative and long-term (average follow-up period, 47.3 ± 21.4 months) neurological functions were evaluated using the modified McCormick (mMC) scale and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scoring system. Preoperative neurological functions in the multisegmental group were significantly worse than those in the monosegmental group (P < 0.05). However, postoperative short-term neurological functions, as well as long-term functional outcomes, were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative mMC and mJOA scores were significantly correlated with neurological improvement during the follow-up period (P < 0.05). Multisegmental involvement of the spinal cord is associated with worse neurological functions in patients with intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma, while the long-term prognosis is not affected. The preoperative neurological status of the patient is the only predictor of long-term functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,North America Medical Education Foundation, Union City, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingcheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Changcheng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Neuroradiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Savoor R, Sita TL, Dahdaleh NS, Helenowski I, Kalapurakal JA, Marymont MH, Lukas R, Kruser TJ, Smith ZA, Koski T, Ganju A, Sachdev S. Long-term outcomes of spinal ependymomas: an institutional experience of more than 60 cases. J Neurooncol 2020; 151:241-247. [PMID: 33179213 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spinal ependymomas represent the most common primary intramedullary tumors for which optimal management remains undefined. When possible, gross total resection (GTR) is often the mainstay of treatment, with consideration of radiotherapy (RT) in cases of residual or recurrent tumor. The impact of extent of resection and radiotherapy remain understudied. OBJECTIVE Report on a large institutional cohort with lengthy follow-up to provide information on long-term outcomes and to contribute to limited data assessing the value of extent of resection and RT. METHODS Patients with pathologically proven primary spinal ependymoma between 1990 and 2018 were identified. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to calculate progression-free survival (PFS); local-control (LC) and overall survival (OS). Logistic regression was used to analyze variables' association with receipt of RT. RESULTS We identified 69 patients with ependymoma of which 4 had leptomeningeal dissemination at diagnosis and were excluded. Of the remaining cohort (n = 65), 42 patients (65%) had Grade II spinal ependymoma, 20 (31%) had Grade I myxopapillary ependymoma and 3 (5%) had Grade III anaplastic ependymoma; 54% underwent GTR and 39% underwent RT. With a median follow-up of 5.7 years, GTR was associated with improved PFS. For grade II lesions, STR+RT yielded better outcomes than STR alone (10y PFS 77.1% vs 68.2%, LC 85.7% vs 50%). Degree of resection was the only significant predictor of adjuvant radiotherapy (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our findings confirm the importance of GTR in spinal ependymomas. Adjuvant RT should be utilized in the setting of a subtotal resection with expectation of improved disease-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Savoor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 1820, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Timothy L Sita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 1820, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nader S Dahdaleh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2200, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Irene Helenowski
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - John A Kalapurakal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 1820, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maryanne H Marymont
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 1820, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rimas Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N. Lake Shore Dr, Abbott Hall 1114, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Timothy J Kruser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 1820, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zachary A Smith
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oklahoma University School of Medicine, 1000 N. Lincoln Blvd. Suite 4000, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tyler Koski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2200, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Aruna Ganju
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2200, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sean Sachdev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 1820, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Wang C, Yuan X, Zuo J. Individualized Prediction of Overall Survival for Primary Intramedullary Spinal Cord Grade II/III Ependymoma. World Neurosurg 2020; 143:e149-e156. [PMID: 32683000 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) for adult patients with primary intramedullary spinal cord grade II/III ependymoma (PISCGE). We also elucidated the effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy for this disease. METHODS Clinical data of patients with PISCGE between 1988 and 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry database. The independent prognostic factors were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. The nomogram was established from the results of the multivariate Cox analysis. We also use some methods to verify the superiority of the prediction model. The effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy for PISCGE was assessed through coarsened exact matching and survival analyses. RESULTS Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that sex, age, surgical treatment, tumor grade, and marital status were independent prognostic factors of OS. The nomogram model was established based on these factors and validated internally. Calibration plots based on bootstrap resampling validation showed good consistency between the nomogram prediction and actual observation. This model also exhibited favorable discrimination characteristics. A risk classification system based on a nomogram was established to promote risk stratification of PISCGE and optimize clinical management. Moreover, we found no association between radiation treatment and the OS for these patients (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We built the first nomogram model and risk classification system for PISCGE patients. Our model accurately estimated the individual OS probability of these patients, and proposes different treatment approaches for patients based on the risk classification system. Furthermore, from our findings, radiotherapy confers no survival advantage to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Wang
- Department of Othopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China.
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Department of Othopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Othopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
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