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Sasada S, Tazoe T, Nakajima T, Omori S, Futatsubashi G, Komiyama T. Arm cycling increases the short-latency reflex from ankle dorsiflexor afferents to knee extensor muscles. J Neurophysiol 2020; 125:110-119. [PMID: 33146064 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00299.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) evokes a short latency reflex in the heteronymous knee extensor muscles (referred to as the CPN reflex). The CPN reflex is facilitated at a heel strike during walking, contributing to body weight support. However, the origin of the CPN reflex increase during walking remains unclear. We speculate that this increase originates from multiple sources due to a body of evidence suggesting the presence of neural coupling between the arms and legs. Therefore, we investigated the extent to which the CPN reflex is modulated during rhythmic arm cycling. Twenty-eight subjects sat in an armchair and were asked to perform arm cycling at a moderate cadence using a stationary ergometer while performing isometric contraction of the knee extensors, such that the CPN reflex was evoked. The CPN reflex was evoked by stimulating the CPN [0.9-2.0× the motor threshold (MT) in the tibialis anterior muscle] at the level of the neck of the fibula. The CPN-reflex amplitude was measured from the vastus lateralis (VL). The biphasic reflex response in the VL was evoked within 27-45 ms following CPN stimulation. The amplitude of the CPN reflex increased during arm cycling compared with that before cycling. The modulation of the CPN reflex during arm cycling was detected only for CPN stimulation intensity around 1.2× MT. Furthermore, CPN-reflex modulation was not observed during the isometric contraction of the arm or passive arm cycling. Our results suggest the presence of neural coupling between the CPN-reflex pathways and neural systems generating locomotive arm movement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whether locomotive arm movements contribute to the control of the reflex pathway from ankle dorsiflexor afferents to knee extensor muscles [common peroneal nerve (CPN)-reflex] is an unresolved issue. The CPN reflex in the stationary leg was facilitated only by arm cycling, and not by passive or isometric motor tasks. Our results suggest that the arm locomotor system modulates the reflex pathway from ankle dorsiflexor afferents to the knee extensor muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syusaku Sasada
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Sagami Women's University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Health and Sport Education, The United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tazoe
- Neural Prosthesis Project, Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakajima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomoyoshi Komiyama
- Graduate School of Education, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Health and Sport Education, The United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
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Peyre I, Hanna-Boutros B, Lackmy-Vallee A, Kemlin C, Bayen E, Pradat-Diehl P, Marchand-Pauvert V. Music Restores Propriospinal Excitation During Stroke Locomotion. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:17. [PMID: 32327977 PMCID: PMC7161673 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Music-based therapy for rehabilitation induces neuromodulation at the brain level and improves the functional recovery. In line with this, musical rhythmicity improves post-stroke gait. Moreover, an external distractor also helps stroke patients to improve locomotion. We raised the question whether music with irregular tempo (arrhythmic music), and its possible influence on attention would induce neuromodulation and improve the post-stroke gait. We tested music-induced neuromodulation at the level of a propriospinal reflex, known to be particularly involved in the control of stabilized locomotion; after stroke, the reflex is enhanced on the hemiparetic side. The study was conducted in 12 post-stroke patients and 12 controls. Quadriceps EMG was conditioned by electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve, which produces a biphasic facilitation on EMG, reflecting the level of activity of the propriospinal reflex between ankle dorsiflexors and quadriceps (CPQ reflex). The CPQ reflex was tested during treadmill locomotion at the preferred speed of each individual, in 3 conditions randomly alternated: without music vs. 2 arrhythmic music tracks, including a pleasant melody and unpleasant aleatory electronic sounds (AES); biomechanical and physiological parameters were also investigated. The CPQ reflex was significantly larger in patients during walking without sound, compared to controls. During walking with music, irrespective of the theme, there was no more difference between groups. In controls, music had no influence on the size of CPQ reflex. In patients, CPQ reflex was significantly larger during walking without sound than when listening to the melody or AES. No significant differences have been revealed concerning the biomechanical and the physiological parameters in both groups. Arrhythmic music listening modulates the spinal excitability during post-stroke walking, restoring the CPQ reflex activity to normality. The plasticity was not accompanied by any clear improvement of gait parameters, but the patients reported to prefer walking with music than without. The role of music as external focus of attention is discussed. This study has shown that music can modulate propriospinal neural network particularly involved in the gait control during the first training session. It is speculated that repetition may help to consolidate plasticity and would contribute to gait recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseline Peyre
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Recherche et de Coordination en Acoustique Musique (IRCAM), UMR Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Claire Kemlin
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n°24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif & Réadaptation (HaMCRe), Paris, France
| | - Eléonore Bayen
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n°24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif & Réadaptation (HaMCRe), Paris, France
| | - Pascale Pradat-Diehl
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n°24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif & Réadaptation (HaMCRe), Paris, France
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Maupas E, Dyer JO, Melo SDA, Forget R. Patellar tendon vibration reduces the increased facilitation from quadriceps to soleus in post-stroke hemiparetic individuals. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2017; 60:319-328. [PMID: 28528818 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulation of the femoral nerve in healthy people can facilitate soleus H-reflex and electromyography (EMG) activity. In stroke patients, such facilitation of transmission in spinal pathways linking the quadriceps and soleus muscles is enhanced and related to co-activation of knee and ankle extensors while sitting and walking. Soleus H-reflex facilitation can be depressed by vibration of the quadriceps in healthy people, but the effects of such vibration have never been studied on the abnormal soleus facilitation observed in people after stroke. OBJECTIVES To determine whether vibration of the quadriceps can modify the enhanced heteronymous facilitation of the soleus muscle observed in people with spastic stroke after femoral nerve stimulation and compare post-vibration effects on soleus facilitation in control and stroke individuals. METHODS Modulation of voluntary soleus EMG activity induced by femoral nerve stimulation (2×motor threshold) was assessed before, during and after vibration of the patellar tendon in 10 healthy controls and 17 stroke participants. RESULTS Voluntary soleus EMG activity was facilitated by femoral nerve stimulation in 4/10 (40%) controls and 11/17 (65%) stroke participants. The level of facilitation was greater in the stroke than control group. Vibration significantly reduced early heteronymous facilitation in both groups (50% of pre-vibration values). However, the delay in recovery of soleus facilitation after vibration was shorter for the stroke than control group. The control condition with the vibrator turned off had no effect on the modulation. CONCLUSIONS Patellar tendon vibration can reduce the facilitation between knee and ankle extensors, which suggests effective presynaptic inhibition but decreased post-activation depression in the lower limb of people after chronic hemiparetic stroke. Further studies are warranted to determine whether such vibration could be used to reduce the abnormal extension synergy of knee and ankle extensors in people after hemiparetic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Maupas
- ASEI, centre Paul-Dottin, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France; Laboratoire de physiologie de la posture et du mouvement PoM, université Champollion, 81000 Albi, France.
| | - Joseph-Omer Dyer
- Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation, institut de réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay de Montréal, CIUSSS du centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Québec, Canada; École de réadaptation, faculté de médecine, université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sibele de Andrade Melo
- Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation, institut de réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay de Montréal, CIUSSS du centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Québec, Canada; École de réadaptation, faculté de médecine, université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Forget
- Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation, institut de réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay de Montréal, CIUSSS du centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Québec, Canada; École de réadaptation, faculté de médecine, université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Kim K, Lee S, Kim D, Kim KS. The effects of ankle joint muscle strengthening and proprioceptive exercise programs accompanied by functional electrical stimulation on stroke patients' balance. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2971-5. [PMID: 26504337 PMCID: PMC4616138 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of ankle joint
muscle strengthening and proprioceptive exercises accompanied by functional electrical
stimulation on stroke patients’ balance ability. [Methods] For six weeks beginning in
April 2015, 22 stroke patients receiving physical therapy at K Hospital located in
Gyeonggi-do were divided into a functional electrical stimulation (FES), ankle
proprioceptive exercise and ankle joint muscle strengthening exercise group (FPS group) of
11 patients and an FES and stretching exercise group (FS group) of 11 patients. The
stimulation and exercises were conducted for 30 min per day, five days per week for six
weeks. Balance ability was measured using a BioRescue and the Berg balance scale,
functional reach test, and the timed up-and-go test were also used as clinical evaluation
indices. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to examine differences between before the
exercises and at three and six weeks after beginning the exercises within each group, and
the amounts of change between the two groups were compared. [Results] In the comparison
within each group, both groups showed significant differences between before and after the
experiment in all the tests and comparison between the groups showed that greater
improvement was seen in all values in the FPS group. [Conclusion] In the present study,
implementing FES and stretching exercises plus ankle joint muscle strengthening and
proprioceptive exercises was more effective at improving stroke patients balance ability
than implementing only FES and stretching exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghoon Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmin Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyou Sik Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, Republic of Korea
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Silva A, Sousa ASP, Silva C, Tavares JMRS, Santos R, Sousa F. Ankle antagonist coactivation in the double-support phase of walking: Stroke vs. healthy subjects. Somatosens Mot Res 2015; 32:153-7. [PMID: 26290312 DOI: 10.3109/08990220.2015.1012492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lesions in ipsilateral systems related to postural control in the ipsilesional side may justify the lower performance of stroke subjects during walking. PURPOSE To analyze bilateral ankle antagonist coactivation during double support in stroke subjects. METHODS Sixteen (8 females; 8 males) subjects with a first isquemic stroke and 22 controls (12 females; 10 males) participated in this study. The double-support phase was assessed through ground reaction forces and the electromyography of ankle muscles was assessed in both limbs. RESULTS The ipsilesional limb presented statistically significant differences from the control when assuming specific roles during double support. The tibialis anterior and soleus pair was the one in which this atypical behavior was more pronounced. CONCLUSION The ipsilesional limb presents a dysfunctional behavior when a higher postural control activity was demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Silva
- a Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto by Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Área Científica de Fisioterapia, Centro de Estudos de Movimento e Atividade Humana , Vila Nova de Gaia , Portugal
| | - Andreia S P Sousa
- a Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto by Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Área Científica de Fisioterapia, Centro de Estudos de Movimento e Atividade Humana , Vila Nova de Gaia , Portugal
| | - Cláudia Silva
- a Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto by Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Área Científica de Fisioterapia, Centro de Estudos de Movimento e Atividade Humana , Vila Nova de Gaia , Portugal
| | - João Manuel R S Tavares
- b Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Rubim Santos
- c Escola Superior da Tecnologia de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Área Científica de Física, Centro de Estudos de Movimento e Atividade Humana , Vila Nova de Gaia , Portugal , and
| | - Filipa Sousa
- d Laboratório de Biomecânica do Porto, Faculdade de Desporto , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Kim SS, Lee HJ, You YY. Effects of ankle strengthening exercises combined with motor imagery training on the timed up and go test score and weight bearing ratio in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2303-5. [PMID: 26311971 PMCID: PMC4540868 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of ankle strengthening exercises combined with motor imagery training and those of ankle strengthening exercises alone in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty stroke patients were randomly assigned to one of the following two groups: experimental group (15 patients) and control group (15 patients). The experimental group underwent motor imagery training for 15 minutes and ankle joint strengthening exercises for 15 minutes, while the control group underwent only ankle joint strengthening exercises for 30 minutes. Each session and training program was implemented four times a week for 4 weeks. The timed up and go (TUG) test score, affected-side weight bearing ratio, and affected-side front/rear weight bearing ratio were assessed. [Results] Both groups demonstrated improvement on the TUG test, and in the affected-side weight bearing ratios, affected-side front/rear weight bearing ratios, and balance errors. The experimental group demonstrated greater improvement than the control group in all variables. [Conclusion] Motor imagery training is an effective treatment method for improving static balance ability in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Shin Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Graduate School of Hallym University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Graduate School of Hallym University, Republic of Korea
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Dyer JO, Maupas E, de Andrade Melo S, Bourbonnais D, Nadeau S, Forget R. Changes in activation timing of knee and ankle extensors during gait are related to changes in heteronymous spinal pathways after stroke. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2014; 11:148. [PMID: 25343962 PMCID: PMC4271343 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-11-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensor synergy is often observed in the paretic leg of stroke patients. Extensor synergy consists of an abnormal stereotyped co-activation of the leg extensors as patients attempt to move. As a component of this synergy, the simultaneous activation of knee and ankle extensors in the paretic leg during stance often affects gait pattern after stroke. The mechanisms involved in extensor synergy are still unclear. The first objective of this study is to compare the co-activation of knee and ankle extensors during the stance phase of gait between stroke and healthy individuals. The second objective is to explore whether this co-activation is related to changes in heteronymous spinal modulations between quadriceps and soleus muscles on the paretic side in post-stroke individuals. METHODS Thirteen stroke patients and ten healthy individuals participated in gait and heteronymous spinal modulation evaluations. Co-activation was measured using peak EMG activation intervals (PAI) and co-activation amplitude indexes (CAI) between knee and ankle extensors during the stance phase of gait in both groups. The evaluation of heteronymous spinal modulations was performed on the paretic leg in stroke participants and on one leg in healthy participants. This evaluation involved assessing the early facilitation and later inhibition of soleus voluntary EMG induced by femoral nerve stimulation. RESULTS All PAI were lower and most CAI were higher on the paretic side of stroke participants compared with the co-activation indexes among control participants. CAI and PAI were moderately correlated with increased heteronymous facilitation of soleus on the paretic side in stroke individuals. CONCLUSIONS Increased co-activation of knee and ankle extensors during gait is related to changes in intersegmental facilitative pathways linking quadriceps to soleus on the paretic side in stroke individuals. Malfunction of intersegmental pathways could contribute to abnormal timing of leg extensors during the stance phase of gait in hemiparetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph-Omer Dyer
- Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation, Institut de réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Kim TH, Yoon JS, Lee JH. The effect of ankle joint muscle strengthening training and static muscle stretching training on stroke patients' C.o.p sway amplitude. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 25:1613-6. [PMID: 24409032 PMCID: PMC3885851 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study implement ankle joint dorsiflexion training for ankle muscle the
weakness that impairs stroke patients’ gait performance, to examine the effect of the
training on stroke patients’ plantar pressure and gait ability. [Subjects and Methods] In
this study, 36 stroke patients diagnosed with stroke due to cerebral infarction or
cerebral hemorrhage performed the training. Static muscle stretching was performed four
times a week for 20 minutes at a time for 6 weeks by the training group. Ankle dorsiflexor
training was performed four times a week, two sets per time in the case of females and
three sets per time in the case of males for 6 weeks, by another group. Center of pressure
sway amplitude was measured using the F-scan system during gait. All subjects were
assessed with the same measurements at a pre-study examination and reassessed at eight
weeks. Data were analyzed statistically using the paired t-test and one-way ANOVA.
[Results] Among the between ankle dorsiflexor training group, static muscle stretching
group, and control group, the difference before and after the training were proven to be
statistically significant. [Conclusion] Compared to other training groups, the ankle
muscle strength training group showed statistically significant increases of forward
thrust at stroke patients’ toe-off which positively affected stroke patients’ ability to
perform gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ho Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Soo Yoon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
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Sousa ASP, Silva A, Santos R, Sousa F, Tavares JMRS. Interlimb coordination during the stance phase of gait in subjects with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 94:2515-2522. [PMID: 23871877 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relation between contralesional and ipsilesional limbs in subjects with stroke during step-to-step transition of walking. DESIGN Observational, transversal, analytical study with a convenience sample. SETTING Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic. PARTICIPANTS Subjects (n=16) with poststroke hemiparesis with the ability to walk independently and healthy controls (n=22). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Bilateral lower limbs electromyographic activity of the soleus (SOL), gastrocnemius medialis, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis (VM) muscles and the ground reaction force were analyzed during double-support and terminal stance phases of gait. RESULTS The propulsive impulse of the contralesional trailing limb was negatively correlated with the braking impulse of the leading limb during double support (r=-.639, P=.01). A moderate functional relation was observed between thigh muscles (r=-.529, P=.035), and a strong and moderate dysfunctional relation was found between the plantar flexors of the ipsilesional limb and the vastus medialis of the contralesional limb, respectively (SOL-VM, r=-.80, P<.001; gastrocnemius medialis-VM, r=-.655, P=.002). Also, a functional moderate negative correlation was found between the SOL and rectus femoris muscles of the ipsilesional limb during terminal stance and between the SOL (r=-.506, P=.046) and VM (r=-.518, P=.04) muscles of the contralesional limb during loading response, respectively. The trailing limb relative impulse contribution of the contralesional limb was lower than the ipsilesional limb of subjects with stroke (P=.02) and lower than the relative impulse contribution of the healthy limb (P=.008) during double support. CONCLUSIONS The findings obtained suggest that the lower performance of the contralesional limb in forward propulsion during gait is related not only to contralateral supraspinal damage but also to a dysfunctional influence of the ipsilesional limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S P Sousa
- Escola Superior da Tecnologia de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Área Científica de Fisioterapia, Centro de Estudos de Movimento e Actividade Humana, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusta Silva
- Escola Superior da Tecnologia de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Área Científica de Fisioterapia, Centro de Estudos de Movimento e Actividade Humana, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Rubim Santos
- Escola Superior da Tecnologia de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Área Científica de Fisioterapia, Centro de Estudos de Movimento e Actividade Humana, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Filipa Sousa
- Laboratório de Biomecânica do Porto, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Manuel R S Tavares
- Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Silva A, Sousa ASP, Tavares JMRS, Tinoco A, Santos R, Sousa F. Ankle dynamic in stroke patients: Agonist vs. antagonist muscle relations. Somatosens Mot Res 2012; 29:111-6. [DOI: 10.3109/08990220.2012.715099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Vinti M, Costantino F, Bayle N, Simpson DM, Weisz DJ, Gracies JM. Spastic cocontraction in hemiparesis: Effects of botulinum toxin. Muscle Nerve 2012; 46:926-31. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chow JW, Yablon SA, Stokic DS. Coactivation of ankle muscles during stance phase of gait in patients with lower limb hypertonia after acquired brain injury. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:1599-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Nakanishi ST, Whelan PJ. A decerebrate adult mouse model for examining the sensorimotor control of locomotion. J Neurophysiol 2011; 107:500-15. [PMID: 21994265 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00699.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As wild-type and genetically modified mice are progressively becoming the predominant models for studying locomotor physiology, the technical ability to record sensory and motor components from adult mice, in vivo, are expected to contribute to a better understanding of sensorimotor spinal cord networks. Here, specific technical and surgical details are presented on how to produce an adult decerebrate mouse preparation that can reliably produce sustained bouts of stepping, in vivo, in the absence of anesthetic drugs. Data are presented demonstrating the ability of this preparation to produce stepping during treadmill locomotion, adaptability in its responses to changes in the treadmill speed, and left-right alternation. Furthermore, intracellular recordings from motoneurons and interneurons in the spinal cord are presented from preparations where muscle activity was blocked. Intraaxonal recordings are also presented demonstrating that individual afferents can be recorded using this preparation. These data demonstrate that the adult decerebrate mouse is a tractable preparation for the study of sensorimotor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan T Nakanishi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N4N1
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Stubbs PW, Nielsen JF, Sinkjær T, Mrachacz-Kersting N. Short-latency crossed spinal responses are impaired differently in sub-acute and chronic stroke patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 123:541-9. [PMID: 21839674 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate if patients with supraspinal lesions have impaired interlimb spinal reflex pathways. The short-latency crossed spinal response will be investigated during sitting from the non-paretic to paretic and paretic to non-paretic extremities at different stimulation intensities in chronic and sub-acute stroke patients. METHODS The ipsilateral tibial nerve of the paretic and non-paretic extremities were stimulated at motor threshold, 35% M-max and 85% M-max of the ipsilateral soleus while the contralateral soleus was contracted from 5% to 15% of the maximum voluntary contraction of the paretic soleus. RESULTS Chronic patients (from both extremities) had significantly less prominent inhibitory responses than healthy controls (post hoc tests: P<.01-P<.05). The responses were significantly modulated by stimulus intensity in healthy controls and chronic patients (P<.001-P<.05) but not sub-acute patients (P>.05). Some sub-acute patients had significantly more variable responses than chronic patients and healthy controls (P<.001-P⩽.05). CONCLUSIONS Short-latency interlimb reflexes are impaired differently in sub-acute vs. chronic patients, are impaired from the non-paretic and paretic extremity, and abnormal when compared to healthy controls. SIGNIFICANCE The inappropriate coordination could result in an inability to quickly avoid obstacles following a mechanical disturbance to the ipsilateral extremity. It also indicates that bilateral descending projections affect the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Stubbs
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Hospital and Research Center, Aarhus University, 15 Voldbyvej, 8450 Hammel, Denmark
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15
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Dyer JO, Maupas E, Melo SDA, Bourbonnais D, Forget R. Abnormal coactivation of knee and ankle extensors is related to changes in heteronymous spinal pathways after stroke. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2011; 8:41. [PMID: 21806839 PMCID: PMC3159134 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-8-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal coactivation of leg extensors is often observed on the paretic side of stroke patients while they attempt to move. The mechanisms underlying this coactivation are not well understood. This study (1) compares the coactivation of leg extensors during static contractions in stroke and healthy individuals, and (2) assesses whether this coactivation is related to changes in intersegmental pathways between quadriceps and soleus (Sol) muscles after stroke. METHODS Thirteen stroke patients and ten healthy individuals participated in the study. Levels of coactivation of knee extensors and ankle extensors were measured in sitting position, during two tasks: maximal isometric voluntary contractions in knee extension and in plantarflexion. The early facilitation and later inhibition of soleus voluntary EMG evoked by femoral nerve stimulation were assessed in the paretic leg of stroke participants and in one leg of healthy participants. RESULTS Coactivation levels of ankle extensors (mean ± SEM: 56 ± 7% of Sol EMG max) and of knee extensors (52 ± 10% of vastus lateralis (VL) EMG max) during the knee extension and the ankle extension tasks respectively were significantly higher in the paretic leg of stroke participants than in healthy participants (26 ± 5% of Sol EMG max and 10 ± 3% of VL EMG max, respectively). Early heteronymous facilitation of Sol voluntary EMG in stroke participants (340 ± 62% of Sol unconditioned EMG) was significantly higher than in healthy participants (98 ± 34%). The later inhibition observed in all control participants was decreased in the paretic leg. Levels of coactivation of ankle extensors during the knee extension task were significantly correlated with both the increased facilitation (Pearson r = 0.59) and the reduced inhibition (r = 0.56) in the paretic leg. Measures of motor impairment were more consistently correlated with the levels of coactivation of biarticular muscles than those of monoarticular muscles. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the heteronymous pathways linking quadriceps to soleus may participate in the abnormal coactivation of knee and ankle extensors on the paretic side of stroke patients. The motor impairment of the paretic leg is strongly associated with the abnormal coactivation of biarticular muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph-Omer Dyer
- Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation du Montréal métropolitain, Institut de réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Kojović J, Miljković N, Janković MM, Popović DB. Recovery of motor function after stroke: A polymyography-based analysis. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 194:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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