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Postnikova TY, Griflyuk AV, Amakhin DV, Kovalenko AA, Soboleva EB, Zubareva OE, Zaitsev AV. Early Life Febrile Seizures Impair Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Young Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8218. [PMID: 34360983 PMCID: PMC8347828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FSs) in early life are significant risk factors of neurological disorders and cognitive impairment in later life. However, existing data about the impact of FSs on the developing brain are conflicting. We aimed to investigate morphological and functional changes in the hippocampus of young rats exposed to hyperthermia-induced seizures at postnatal day 10. We found that FSs led to a slight morphological disturbance. The cell numbers decreased by 10% in the CA1 and hilus but did not reduce in the CA3 or dentate gyrus areas. In contrast, functional impairments were robust. Long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA3-CA1 synapses was strongly reduced, which we attribute to the insufficient activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Using whole-cell recordings, we found higher desensitization of NMDAR currents in the FS group. Since the desensitization of NMDARs depends on subunit composition, we analyzed NMDAR current decays and gene expression of subunits, which revealed no differences between control and FS rats. We suggest that an increased desensitization is due to insufficient activation of the glycine site of NMDARs, as the application of D-serine, the glycine site agonist, allows the restoration of LTP to a control value. Our results reveal a new molecular mechanism of FS impact on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aleksey V. Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 44, Toreza Prospekt, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.Y.P.); (A.V.G.); (D.V.A.); (A.A.K.); (E.B.S.); (O.E.Z.)
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Effects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Human Auditory Processing and Behavior-A Review. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080531. [PMID: 32784358 PMCID: PMC7464917 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can adjust the membrane potential by applying a weak current on the scalp to change the related nerve activity. In recent years, tES has proven its value in studying the neural processes involved in human behavior. The study of central auditory processes focuses on the analysis of behavioral phenomena, including sound localization, auditory pattern recognition, and auditory discrimination. To our knowledge, studies on the application of tES in the field of hearing and the electrophysiological effects are limited. Therefore, we reviewed the neuromodulatory effect of tES on auditory processing, behavior, and cognitive function and have summarized the physiological effects of tES on the auditory cortex.
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Billstedt E, Nilsson G, Leffler L, Carlsson L, Olsson I, Fernell E, Gillberg C. Cognitive functioning in a representative cohort of preschool children with febrile seizures. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:989-994. [PMID: 31618476 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyse cognitive functioning in 4-5-year-old children who had experienced febrile seizures (FS) and to assess the importance of complex, recurrent and early vs late onset FS. METHODS The sample consisted of 73 children, screen positive for FS, drawn from the general child population of 4-year-old children attending their health check-up at child healthcare centres in Gothenburg, Sweden. They were assessed as regards general cognitive ability, visual memory and attention and were contrasted with age norms and with results obtained in 20 children without FS from the same healthcare centres. RESULTS Of the 73 children, two had a previously diagnosed intellectual disability (ID) (one mild, one moderate) and two further children tested within the study had results corresponding to mild ID. Children with early onset of FS (before age 12 months)-who often had recurrent FS-had lower full-scale, verbal and processing speed IQ than those who had later onset of FS. CONCLUSION Children with early onset of FS and particularly those with recurrent FS may be at increased risk for poorer verbal and processing speed functioning and therefore at risk of developing cognitive, executive dysfunctions. They would probably benefit from neuropaediatric and neuropsychological follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Billstedt
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Gill Nilsson
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lotta Leffler
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Children and Young Persons Medical Centre Mölnlycke Sweden
| | - Lisa Carlsson
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Maternity and Paediatric Healthcare Fyrbodal Sotenäs Sweden
| | - Ingrid Olsson
- Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Fernell
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
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Thébault-Dagher F, Deguire F, Knoth IS, Lafontaine MP, Barlaam F, Côté V, Agbogba K, Lippé S. Prolonged and unprolonged complex febrile seizures differently affect frontal theta brain activity. Epilepsy Res 2020; 159:106217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Weigl M, Mecklinger A, Rosburg T. Transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates auditory mismatch negativity. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2263-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Tsai ML, Hung KL, Tsan YY, Tung WTH. Long-term neurocognitive outcome and auditory event-related potentials after complex febrile seizures in children. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 47:55-60. [PMID: 26043164 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whether prolonged or complex febrile seizures (FS) produce long-term injury to the hippocampus is a critical question concerning the neurocognitive outcome of these seizures. Long-term event-related evoked potential (ERP) recording from the scalp is a noninvasive technique reflecting the sensory and cognitive processes associated with attention tasks. This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcome of neurocognitive and attention functions and evaluated auditory event-related potentials in children who have experienced complex FS in comparison with other types of FS. METHODS One hundred and forty-seven children aged more than 6 years who had experienced complex FS, simple single FS, simple recurrent FS, or afebrile seizures (AFS) after FS and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Patients were evaluated with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC; Chinese WISC-IV) scores, behavior test scores (Chinese version of Conners' continuous performance test, CPT II V.5), and behavior rating scales. Auditory ERPs were recorded in each patient. RESULTS Patients who had experienced complex FS exhibited significantly lower full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), perceptual reasoning index, and working memory index scores than did the control group but did not show significant differences in CPT scores, behavior rating scales, or ERP latencies and amplitude compared with the other groups with FS. We found a significant decrease in the FSIQ and four indices of the WISC-IV, higher behavior rating scales, a trend of increased CPT II scores, and significantly delayed P300 latency and reduced P300 amplitude in the patients with AFS after FS. CONCLUSION We conclude that there is an effect on cognitive function in children who have experienced complex FS and patients who developed AFS after FS. The results indicated that the WISC-IV is more sensitive in detecting cognitive abnormality than ERP. Cognition impairment, including perceptual reasoning and working memory defects, was identified in patients with prolonged, multiple, or focal FS. These results may have implications for the pathogenesis of complex FS. Further comprehensive psychological evaluation and educational programs are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Lan Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Long Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Tsan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William Tao-Hsin Tung
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kipp KH, Mecklinger A, Brunnemann N, Shamdeen MG, Meng-Hentschel J, Gortner L. Modifications of recognition memory processes in preterm children: an event-related potential study. Child Dev 2014; 86:379-93. [PMID: 25521668 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prematurity may cause hippocampal compromise. Therefore, hippocampus-dependent memory processes (recollection-based retrieval) may be more impaired than hippocampus-independent processes (familiarity-based retrieval). The memory of 18 children born preterm with reduced hippocampal volumes, without neonatal complications (weeks of gestation < 34, weight < 1,600 g), and 15 controls (8-10 years) was tested using an item recognition task. While groups were equal in memory performance, dissociation was found: The event-related potential (ERP) correlate of familiarity was intact in the preterm group, whereas the correlate of recollection was attenuated. A follow-up experiment ruled out that this was due to general cognitive deficits. Furthermore, gestational age correlated with the ERP index of recollection. Thus, recognition memory in preterm children may be characterized by a compensation of attenuated recollection by familiarity.
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Martinos MM, Yoong M, Patil S, Chin RFM, Neville BG, Scott RC, de Haan M. Recognition memory is impaired in children after prolonged febrile seizures. Brain 2012; 135:3153-64. [PMID: 22945967 PMCID: PMC3470707 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with a history of a prolonged febrile seizure show signs of acute hippocampal injury on magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, animal studies have shown that adult rats who suffered febrile seizures during development reveal memory impairments. Together, these lines of evidence suggest that memory impairments related to hippocampal injury may be evident in human children after prolonged febrile seizures. The current study addressed this question by investigating memory abilities in 26 children soon after a prolonged febrile seizure (median: 37.5 days) and compared their results to those of 37 normally developing children. Fifteen patients were reassessed at a mean of 12.5 months after their first assessment to determine the transiency of any observed effects. We used the visual paired comparison task to test memory abilities in our group, as this task does not depend on verbal abilities and also because successful performance on the task has been proven to depend on the presence of functional hippocampi. Our findings show that patients perform as well as controls in the absence of a delay between the learning phase and the memory test, suggesting that both groups are able to form representations of the presented stimulus. However, after a 5-min delay, patients' recognition memory is not different from chance, and comparison of patients and controls points to an accelerated forgetting rate in the prolonged febrile seizure group. The patients' performance was not related to the time elapsed from the acute event or the duration of the prolonged febrile seizure, suggesting that the observed effect is not a by-product of the seizure itself or a delayed effect of medication administered to terminate the seizure. By contrast, performance was related to hippocampal size; participants with the smallest mean hippocampal volumes revealed the biggest drop in performance from the immediate to the delayed paradigm. At follow-up, children were still showing deficiencies in recognizing a face after a 5-min delay. Similarly, this suggests that the observed memory impairments are not a transient effect of the prolonged febrile seizures. This is the first report of such impairments in humans, and it is clinically significant given the links between mesial temporal sclerosis and prolonged febrile seizures. The persistence of these impairments a year onwards signals the potential benefits of intervention in these children who run the risk of developing episodic memory deficits in later childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M. Martinos
- 1 Developmental Cognitive Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- 2 Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 4-5 Long Yard, London WC1N 3LU, UK
| | - Michael Yoong
- 2 Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 4-5 Long Yard, London WC1N 3LU, UK
| | - Shekhar Patil
- 2 Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 4-5 Long Yard, London WC1N 3LU, UK
| | - Richard F. M. Chin
- 3 Young Epilepsy, St Piers Lane, Lingfield, Surrey RH7 6PW, UK
- 4 The Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Center, University of Edinburgh, Musselburgh EH21, UK
| | - Brian G. Neville
- 2 Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 4-5 Long Yard, London WC1N 3LU, UK
- 3 Young Epilepsy, St Piers Lane, Lingfield, Surrey RH7 6PW, UK
| | - Rod C. Scott
- 2 Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 4-5 Long Yard, London WC1N 3LU, UK
- 3 Young Epilepsy, St Piers Lane, Lingfield, Surrey RH7 6PW, UK
- 5 Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Medical School Lebanon, Lebanon NH 03756, USA
| | - Michelle de Haan
- 1 Developmental Cognitive Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Kipp KH, Opitz B, Becker M, Hofmann J, Krick C, Gortner L, Mecklinger A. Neural correlates of recognition memory in children with febrile seizures: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:17. [PMID: 22347857 PMCID: PMC3278706 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) are assumed to not have adverse long-term effects on cognitive development. Nevertheless, FS are often associated with hippocampal sclerosis which can imply episodic memory deficits. This interrelation has hardly been studied so far. In the current study 13 children who had suffered from FS during infancy and 14 control children (7 to 9-years-old) were examined for episodic and semantic memory with standardized neuropsychological tests. Furthermore, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we studied neuronal activation while the children performed a continuous recognition memory task. The analysis of the behavioral data of the neuropsychological tests and the recognition memory experiment did not reveal any between-group differences in memory performance. Consistent with other studies fMRI revealed repetition enhancement effects for both groups in a variety of brain regions (e.g., right middle frontal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus) and a repetition suppression effect in the right superior temporal gyrus. Different neural activation patterns between both groups were obtained selectively within the right supramarginal gyrus (BA 40). In the control group correct rejections of new items were associated with stronger activation than correctly identified old items (HITs) whereas in the FS group no difference occurred. On the background that the right supramarginal gyrus is assumed to mediate a top-down process to internally direct attention toward recollected information, the results could indicate that control children used strategic recollection in order to reject new items (recall-to-reject). In contrast, the missing effect in the FS group could reflect a lack of strategy use, possibly due to impaired recollective processing. This study demonstrates that FS, even with mainly benign courses, can be accompanied by selective modifications in the neural structures underlying recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin H Kipp
- Experimental Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Psychology, Saarland University Saarbruecken, Germany
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