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Mousavi A, Rahimnejad M, Azimzadeh M, Akbari M, Savoji H. Recent advances in smart wearable sensors as electronic skin. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10332-10354. [PMID: 37909384 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and multifunctional electronic devices and soft robots inspired by human organs, such as skin, have many applications. However, the emergence of electronic skins (e-skins) or textiles in biomedical engineering has made a great revolution in a myriad of people's lives who suffer from different types of diseases and problems in which their skin and muscles lose their appropriate functions. In this review, recent advances in the sensory function of the e-skins are described. Furthermore, we have categorized them from the sensory function perspective and highlighted their advantages and limitations. The categories are tactile sensors (including capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and optical), temperature, and multi-sensors. In addition, we summarized the most recent advancements in sensors and their particular features. The role of material selection and structure in sensory function and other features of the e-skins are also discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of these systems towards advanced biomedical applications are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mousavi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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2
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Pesonen H, Strömmer J, Li X, Parkkari J, Tarkka IM, Astikainen P. Magnetoencephalography reveals impaired sensory gating and change detection in older adults in the somatosensory system. Neuropsychologia 2023; 190:108702. [PMID: 37838067 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Brain electrophysiological responses can provide information about age-related decline in sensory-cognitive functions with high temporal accuracy. Studies have revealed impairments in early sensory gating and pre-attentive change detection mechanisms in older adults, but no magnetoencephalographic (MEG) studies have been undertaken into both non-attentive and attentive somatosensory functions and their relationship to ageing. Magnetoencephalography was utilized to record cortical somatosensory brain responses in young (20-28 yrs), middle-aged (46-56 yrs), and older adults (64-78 yrs) under active and passive somatosensory oddball conditions. A repeated standard stimulus was occasionally replaced by a deviant stimulus (p = .1), which was an electrical pulse on a different finger. We examined the amplitudes of M50 and M100 responses reflecting sensory gating, and later components reflecting change detection and attention shifting (M190 and M250 for the passive condition, and M200 and M350 for the active condition, respectively). Spatiotemporal cluster-based permutation tests revealed that older adults had significantly larger M100 component amplitudes than young adults for task-irrelevant stimuli in both passive and active condition. Older adults also showed a reduced M250 component and an altered M350 in response to deviant stimuli. The responses of middle-aged adults did not differ from those of younger adults, but this study should be repeated with a larger sample size. By demonstrating changes in both somatosensory gating and attentional shifting mechanisms, our findings extend previous research on the effects of ageing on pre-attentive and attentive brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Pesonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Juho Strömmer
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Xueqiao Li
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ina M Tarkka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Piia Astikainen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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3
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Vittrant B, Courrier V, Yang RY, de Villèle P, Tebeka S, Mauries S, Geoffroy PA. Circadian-like patterns in electrochemical skin conductance measured from home-based devices: a retrospective study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1249170. [PMID: 37965173 PMCID: PMC10641015 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1249170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential of electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) measurements gathered from home-based devices to detect circadian-like patterns. We analyzed data from 43,284 individuals using the Withings Body Comp or Body Scan scales, which provide ESC measurements. Our results highlighted a circadian pattern of ESC values across different age groups and countries. Our findings suggest that home-based ESC measurements could be used to evaluate circadian rhythm disorders associated with neuropathies and contribute to a better understanding of their pathophysiology. However, further controlled studies are needed to confirm these results. This study highlights the potential of digital health devices to generate new scientific and medical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Tebeka
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat—Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- Centre ChronoS, GHU Paris—Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Diderot, Inserm, FHU I2-D2, Paris, France
| | - Sibylle Mauries
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat—Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- Centre ChronoS, GHU Paris—Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Diderot, Inserm, FHU I2-D2, Paris, France
| | - Pierre A. Geoffroy
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat—Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- Centre ChronoS, GHU Paris—Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Diderot, Inserm, FHU I2-D2, Paris, France
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4
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Huang WC, Wu CS, Chang KC, Chen HS, Chang CK, Hwang JJ, Huang SH, Chen YM, Cheng BW, Weng MH, Hsu CC, Huang WL. Can peripheral biomarkers reflect the psychological condition in geriatric populations? The influence of cardiovascular comorbidities. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:458-465. [PMID: 36895138 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies indicated the association between peripheral biomarkers and psychological conditions, a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among geriatric populations may hinder the applicability of the biomarkers. The objective of this study was to assess the adequacy of the application of biomarkers to evaluate psychological conditions among geriatric populations. METHOD We collected information on the demographics and history of CVD in all participants. All participants completed the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) and the Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI), which are the measurement of negative and positive psychological conditions, respectively. Four indicators of the peripheral biomarkers, including the standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals (SDNN), finger temperature, skin conductance, and electromyogram were collected for each participant during a 5-min resting state. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between the biomarkers and the psychological measurements (BSRS-5, CHI) with and without the inclusion of the participants with CVD. RESULTS A total of 233 participants without CVD (non-CVD group) and 283 participants with CVD (CVD group) were included. The CVD group was older and with higher body mass index compared to the non-CVD group. In the multiple linear regression model with all participants, only BSRS-5 scores had a positive association with electromyogram. After the exclusion of the CVD group, the association between the BSRS-5 scores and electromyogram was more relevant, while CHI scores became positively associated with SDNN. CONCLUSIONS A single measurement of the peripheral biomarker may be insufficient to depict psychological conditions among geriatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chia Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan.,National Centre for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Huwei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chieh Chang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Shui Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Chang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hua Huang
- Department of Dietetics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Wen Cheng
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiu Weng
- Graduate School of Applied Chinese Studies, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- National Centre for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Huwei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dynamic impedance is correlated with static impedance and seizure quality parameters in bifrontal electroconvulsive therapy. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023; 35:177-185. [PMID: 36803888 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evoke a therapeutically effective seizure, electrical stimulation in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has to overcome the combined resistivity of scalp, skull and other tissues. Static impedances are measured prior to stimulation using high-frequency electrical alternating pulses, dynamic impedances during passage of the stimulation current. Static impedance can partially be influenced by skin preparation techniques. Earlier studies showed a correlation between dynamic and static impedance in bitemporal and right unilateral ECT. OBJECTIVE This study aims at assessing the correlation of dynamic and static impedance with patient characteristics and seizure quality criteria in bifrontal ECT. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional single-centre retrospective analysis of ECT treatments at the Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich between May 2012 and March 2020 and used linear mixed-effects regression models in 78 patients with a total of 1757 ECT sessions. RESULTS Dynamic and static impedance were strongly correlated. Dynamic impedance was significantly correlated with age and higher in women. Energy set and factors positively (caffeine) and negatively (propofol) affecting seizure at the neuronal level were not associated with dynamic impedance. For secondary outcomes, dynamic impedance was significantly related to Maximum Sustained Power and Average Seizure Energy Index. Other seizure quality criteria showed no significant correlation with dynamic impedance. CONCLUSION Aiming for low static impedance might reduce dynamic impedance, which is correlated with positive seizure quality parameters. Therefore, good skin preparation to achieve low static impedance is recommended.
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Chhatbar PY, Liu S, Ramakrishnan V, George MS, Kautz SA, Feng W. Microdermabrasion facilitates direct current stimulation by lowering skin resistance. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2022; 2:e76. [PMID: 36092266 PMCID: PMC9435456 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is reported to induce irritating skin sensations and occasional skin injuries, which limits the applied tDCS dose. Additionally, tDCS hardware safety profile prevents high current delivery when skin resistance is high. Objective To test if decreasing skin resistance can enable high-dose tDCS delivery without increasing tDCS-related skin sensations or device hardware limits. Methods We compared the effect of microdermabrasion and sonication on 2 mA direct current stimulation (DCS) through forearm skin for 2-3 min on 20 subjects. We also surveyed the subjects using a questionnaire throughout the procedure. We used a linear mixed-effects model for repeated-measures and multiple logistic regression, with adjustments for age, race, gender and visit. Results Microdermabrasion, with/out sonication, led to significant decrease in skin resistance (1.6 ± 0.1 kΩ or ∼32% decrease, p < 0.0001). The decrease with sonication alone (0.4 ± 0.1 kΩ or ∼7% decrease, p = 0.0016) was comparable to that of sham (0.3 ± 0.1 kΩ or ∼5% decrease, p = 0.0414). There was no increase in the skin-electrode interface temperature. The perceived DCS-related sensations did not differ across skin preparation procedures (p > 0.16), but microdermabrasion (when not combined with sonication) led to increased perceived sensation (p < 0.01). Conclusions Microdermabrasion (with/out sonication) resulted in reduced skin resistance without increase in perceived skin sensations with DCS. Higher current can be delivered with microdermabrasion-pre-treated skin without changing the device hardware while reducing, otherwise higher voltage required to deliver the same amount of current.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Y. Chhatbar
- Department of NeurologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - S. Liu
- Department of NeurologyTiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - V. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Public Health SciencesMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - M. S. George
- Psychiatry and Behavioral ScienceBrain Stimulation LaboratoryCollege of MedicineCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Health Science & ResearchCollege of Health ProfessionsMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical CenterCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - S. A. Kautz
- Department of Health Science & ResearchCollege of Health ProfessionsMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical CenterCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - W. Feng
- Department of NeurologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Health Science & ResearchCollege of Health ProfessionsMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
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7
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Bloeckl J, Raps S, Weineck M, Kob R, Bertsch T, Kemmler W, Schoene D. Feasibility and Safety of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation in Frail Older People—A Pilot Trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856681. [PMID: 35812334 PMCID: PMC9263209 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) induces high-intense stimuli to skeletal muscles with low strain on joints and the autonomic nervous system and may thus be suitable for frail, older people. However, if trained at very high intensities, WB-EMS may damage muscles and kidneys (rhabdomyolysis). This study aimed at investigating the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of WB-EMS in frail, older people. Seven frail (81.3 ± 3.5 years), 11 robust (79.5 ± 3.6 years), 10 young (29.1 ± 6.4 years) participants completed an eight-week WB-EMS training (week 1–4: 1x/week; week 5–8: 1.5x/week) consisting of functional exercises addressing lower extremity strength and balance. Feasibility was assessed using recruitment, adherence, retention, and dropout rates. The satisfaction with WB-EMS was measured using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale for older adults (PACES-8). In week 1, 3, and 8 creatine kinase (CK) was assessed immediately before, 48 and 72 h after WB-EMS. Symptoms of rhabdomyolysis (muscle pain, muscle weakness, myoglobinuria) and adverse events were recorded. Functional capacity was assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG), Choice Stepping Reaction Time Test (CSRT), 30-second Chair-Stand Test (30-STS), maximum isometric leg strength and handgrip strength. The recruitment rate of frail individuals was 46.2%, adherence 88.3% and the dropout rate 16.7%. All groups indicated a high satisfaction with WB-EMS. CK activity was more pronounced in young individuals with significant changes over time. Within older people CK increased borderline-significantly in the frail group from baseline to week 1 but not afterwards. In robust individuals CK increased significantly from baseline to week 1 and 3. No participant reached CK elevations close to the threshold of ≥5,000 U/l and no symptoms of rhabdomyolysis were observed. With the exception of the TUG (p = 0.173), frail individuals improved in all tests of functional capacity. Compared to the young and robust groups, frail individuals showed the greater improvements in the SPPB, handgrip strength, maximum isokinetic hip-/knee extension and flexion strength. WB-EMS is feasible for frail older people. There were no clinical signs of exertional rhabdomyolysis. WB-EMS proved to be sufficiently intense to induce meaningful changes in functional capacity with frail individuals showing greater improvements for several measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Bloeckl
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joerg Bloeckl,
| | - Sebastian Raps
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Weineck
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Kob
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Exercise and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Dölker EM, Lau S, Bernhard MA, Haueisen J. Perception thresholds and qualitative perceptions for electrocutaneous stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7335. [PMID: 35513410 PMCID: PMC9072403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our long-term goal is the development of a wearable warning system that uses electrocutaneous stimulation. To find appropriate stimulation parameters and electrode configurations, we investigate perception amplitude thresholds and qualitative perceptions of electrocutaneous stimulation for varying pulse widths, electrode sizes, and electrode positions. The upper right arm was stimulated in 81 healthy volunteers with biphasic rectangular current pulses varying between 20 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$2000\,\upmu \hbox {s}$$\end{document}2000μs. We determined perception, attention, and intolerance thresholds and the corresponding qualitative perceptions for 8 electrode pairs distributed around the upper arm. For a pulse width of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$150\,\upmu \hbox {s}$$\end{document}150μs, we find median values of 3.5, 6.9, and 13.8 mA for perception, attention, and intolerance thresholds, respectively. All thresholds decrease with increasing pulse width. Lateral electrode positions have higher intolerance thresholds than medial electrode positions, but perception and attention threshold are not significantly different across electrode positions. Electrode size between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$15 \times 15\,\hbox {mm}^{2}$$\end{document}15×15mm2 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$40\times 40\,\hbox {mm}^{2}$$\end{document}40×40mm2 has no significant influence on the thresholds. Knocking is the prevailing perception for perception and attention thresholds while mostly muscle twitching, pinching, and stinging are reported at the intolerance threshold. Biphasic stimulation pulse widths between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$150\,\upmu \hbox {s}$$\end{document}150μs and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$250\,\upmu \hbox {s}$$\end{document}250μs are suitable for electric warning wearables. Within the given practical limits at the upper arm, electrode size, inter-electrode distance, and electrode position are flexible parameters of electric warning wearables. Our investigations provide the basis for electric warning wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Dölker
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany.
| | - Stephan Lau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany.,Australian Institute for Machine Learning (AIML), School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Maria Anne Bernhard
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany
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9
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Gorsler A, Grittner U, Rackoll T, Külzow N. Efficacy of Unilateral and Bilateral Parietal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Right Hemispheric Stroke Patients With Neglect Symptoms: A Proof-of-Principle Study. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2022; 15:e19. [PMID: 36743202 PMCID: PMC9833469 DOI: 10.12786/bn.2022.15.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Different transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocols have been tested to improve visuospatial neglect (VSN). So far, methodological heterogenity limits reliable conclusions about optimal stimualtion set-up. With this proof-of-principle study behavioral effects of two promising (uni- vs. bilateral) stimulation protocols were directly compared to gain more data for an appropriate tDCS protocol in subacute neglect patients. Notably, each tDCS set-up was combined with an identical sham condition to improve comparability. In a double-blind sham-controlled cross-over study 11 subacute post-stroke neglect patients received 20 minutes or 30 seconds (sham) tDCS (2 mA, 0.8 A/m2) parallel to neglect therapy randomized in unilateral (anode-reference: P4-Fp2 10-20 electroencephalography [EEG] system) and bilateral manner (anode-cathode: P4-P3) and 48h wash-out in-between. Before and immediately after stimulation performance were measured in cancellation task (bell test), and line bisection (deviation error). Significant difference between active and assigned sham condition was found in line bisection but not cancellation task. Particularly, deviation error was reduced after bilateral tDCS (hedges g* = 0.6) compared to bilateral sham, no such advantage were obtained for unilateral stimulation (hedges g* = 0.2). Using a direct comparison approach findings add further evidence that stimulating both hemispheres (bilateral) is superior in alleviating VSN symptoms than unilateral stimulation in subacute neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gorsler
- Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Clinic for Neurological Rehabilitation, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Rackoll
- BIH-QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Külzow
- Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Clinic for Neurological Rehabilitation, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
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10
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Farmer AD, Strzelczyk A, Finisguerra A, Gourine AV, Gharabaghi A, Hasan A, Burger AM, Jaramillo AM, Mertens A, Majid A, Verkuil B, Badran BW, Ventura-Bort C, Gaul C, Beste C, Warren CM, Quintana DS, Hämmerer D, Freri E, Frangos E, Tobaldini E, Kaniusas E, Rosenow F, Capone F, Panetsos F, Ackland GL, Kaithwas G, O'Leary GH, Genheimer H, Jacobs HIL, Van Diest I, Schoenen J, Redgrave J, Fang J, Deuchars J, Széles JC, Thayer JF, More K, Vonck K, Steenbergen L, Vianna LC, McTeague LM, Ludwig M, Veldhuizen MG, De Couck M, Casazza M, Keute M, Bikson M, Andreatta M, D'Agostini M, Weymar M, Betts M, Prigge M, Kaess M, Roden M, Thai M, Schuster NM, Montano N, Hansen N, Kroemer NB, Rong P, Fischer R, Howland RH, Sclocco R, Sellaro R, Garcia RG, Bauer S, Gancheva S, Stavrakis S, Kampusch S, Deuchars SA, Wehner S, Laborde S, Usichenko T, Polak T, Zaehle T, Borges U, Teckentrup V, Jandackova VK, Napadow V, Koenig J. International Consensus Based Review and Recommendations for Minimum Reporting Standards in Research on Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (Version 2020). Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:568051. [PMID: 33854421 PMCID: PMC8040977 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.568051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its non-invasive nature, there is increasing interest in the use of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) across basic, translational and clinical research. Contemporaneously, tVNS can be achieved by stimulating either the auricular branch or the cervical bundle of the vagus nerve, referred to as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(VNS) and transcutaneous cervical VNS, respectively. In order to advance the field in a systematic manner, studies using these technologies need to adequately report sufficient methodological detail to enable comparison of results between studies, replication of studies, as well as enhancing study participant safety. We systematically reviewed the existing tVNS literature to evaluate current reporting practices. Based on this review, and consensus among participating authors, we propose a set of minimal reporting items to guide future tVNS studies. The suggested items address specific technical aspects of the device and stimulation parameters. We also cover general recommendations including inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants, outcome parameters and the detailed reporting of side effects. Furthermore, we review strategies used to identify the optimal stimulation parameters for a given research setting and summarize ongoing developments in animal research with potential implications for the application of tVNS in humans. Finally, we discuss the potential of tVNS in future research as well as the associated challenges across several disciplines in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Farmer
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke on Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Alexander V. Gourine
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alireza Gharabaghi
- Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University Hospital and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Burger
- Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ann Mertens
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neuroscience, 4Brain, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Verkuil
- Clinical Psychology and the Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bashar W. Badran
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Carlos Ventura-Bort
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Charly Gaul
- Migraine and Headache Clinic Koenigstein, Königstein im Taunus, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Daniel S. Quintana
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dorothea Hämmerer
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Magdeburg (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elena Freri
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleni Frangos
- Pain and Integrative Neuroscience Branch, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eleonora Tobaldini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenijus Kaniusas
- Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
- SzeleSTIM GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Complutense University of Madrid and Institute for Health Research, San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gareth L. Ackland
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, India
| | - Georgia H. O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Hannah Genheimer
- Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heidi I. L. Jacobs
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ilse Van Diest
- Research Group Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean Schoenen
- Headache Research Unit, Department of Neurology-Citadelle Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jessica Redgrave
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology, Guang An Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jim Deuchars
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jozsef C. Széles
- Division for Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian F. Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kaushik More
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Neuromodulatory Networks, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kristl Vonck
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neuroscience, 4Brain, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Laura Steenbergen
- Clinical and Cognitive Psychology and the Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lauro C. Vianna
- NeuroV̇ASQ̇ - Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lisa M. McTeague
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mareike Ludwig
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Maria G. Veldhuizen
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marijke De Couck
- Faculty of Health Care, University College Odisee, Aalst, Belgium
- Division of Epileptology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Casazza
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Keute
- Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University Hospital and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marta Andreatta
- Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martina D'Agostini
- Research Group Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathias Weymar
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthew Betts
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Prigge
- Neuromodulatory Networks, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Michelle Thai
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nathaniel M. Schuster
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, University of California, San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIPLab), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils B. Kroemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peijing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rico Fischer
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert H. Howland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Roberta Sclocco
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Roberta Sellaro
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ronald G. Garcia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sofiya Gancheva
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Faculty of Biological Science, School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Kampusch
- Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
- SzeleSTIM GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susan A. Deuchars
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Wehner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Deutsche Sporthochschule, Köln, Germany
| | - Taras Usichenko
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Polak
- Laboratory of Functional Neurovascular Diagnostics, AG Early Diagnosis of Dementia, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Uirassu Borges
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Deutsche Sporthochschule, Köln, Germany
- Department of Social and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Deutsche Sporthochschule, Köln, Germany
| | - Vanessa Teckentrup
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vera K. Jandackova
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Gorsler A, Grittner U, Külzow N, Rackoll T. Blinding in electric current stimulation in subacute neglect patients with current densities of 0.8 A/m 2: a cross-over pilot study. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 33494832 PMCID: PMC7836170 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neglect after stroke is a disabling disorder and its rehabilitation is a major challenge. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) seems to be a promising adjuvant technique to improve standard care neglect therapy. Since electric fields are influenced by age-related factors, higher current densities are probably needed for effective treatment in aged stroke patients. Validation of treatment efficacy requires sham-controlled experiments, but increased current densities might comprise blinding. Therefore, a pilot study was conducted to test sham adequacy when using current density of 0.8 A/m2. Whether especially neglect patients who mainly suffer from perceptual and attentional deficits are able to differentiate beyond chance active from sham tDCS was investigated in a randomized cross-over design (active/sham stimulation) in 12 early subacute patients with left-sided hemineglect. Stimulation (0.8 A/m2) was performed simultaneous to standard care neglect therapy. Results Odds ratio of correct guessing an atDCS condition compared to wrongly judge an atDCS condition as sham was 10.00 (95%CI 0.65–154.40, p = 0.099). However, given the small sample size and high OR, although likely somewhat overestimated, results require careful interpretation and blinding success in neglect studies with current densities of 0.8 A/m2 should be further confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gorsler
- Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Neurologische Rehabilitationsklinik, Paracelsusring 6a, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany. .,Centre for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Külzow
- Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Neurologische Rehabilitationsklinik, Paracelsusring 6a, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Torsten Rackoll
- QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Guo ZP, Sörös P, Zhang ZQ, Yang MH, Liao D, Liu CH. Use of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation as an Adjuvant Therapy for the Depressive Symptoms of COVID-19: A Literature Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:765106. [PMID: 34975571 PMCID: PMC8714783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.765106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) comprises more than just severe acute respiratory syndrome. It also interacts with the cardiovascular, nervous, renal, and immune systems at multiple levels, increasing morbidity in patients with underlying cardiometabolic conditions and inducing myocardial injury or dysfunction. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), which is derived from auricular acupuncture, has become a popular therapy that is increasingly accessible to the general public in modern China. Here, we begin by outlining the historical background of taVNS, and then describe important links between dysfunction in proinflammatory cytokine release and related multiorgan damage in COVID-19. Furthermore, we emphasize the important relationships between proinflammatory cytokines and depressive symptoms. Finally, we discuss how taVNS improves immune function via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and modulates brain circuits via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, making taVNS an important treatment for depressive symptoms on post-COVID-19 sequelae. Our review suggests that the link between anti-inflammatory processes and brain circuits could be a potential target for treating COVID-19-related multiorgan damage, as well as depressive symptoms using taVNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Guo
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Sörös
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Zhu-Qing Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hao Yang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Hong Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Yıldırım E, Güntekin B, Hanoğlu L, Algun C. EEG alpha activity increased in response to transcutaneous electrical nervous stimulation in young healthy subjects but not in the healthy elderly. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8330. [PMID: 31938578 PMCID: PMC6953335 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is used not only in the treatment of pain but also in the examination of sensory functions. With aging, there is decreased sensitivity to somatosensory stimuli. It is essential to examine the effect of TENS application on the sensory functions in the brain by recording the spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and the effect of aging on the sensory functions of the brain during the application. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the application of TENS on the brain’s electrical activity and the effect of aging on the sensory functions of the brain during application of TENS. A total of 15 young (24.2 ± 3.59) and 14 elderly (65.64 ± 4.92) subjects were included in the study. Spontaneous EEG was recorded from 32 channels during TENS application. Power spectrum analysis was performed by Fast Fourier Transform in the alpha frequency band (8–13 Hz) for all subjects. Repeated measures of analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Young subjects had increased alpha power during the TENS application and had gradually increased alpha power by increasing the current intensity of TENS (p = 0.035). Young subjects had higher alpha power than elderly subjects in the occipital and parietal locations (p = 0.073). We can, therefore, conclude that TENS indicated increased alpha activity in young subjects. Young subjects had higher alpha activity than elderly subjects in the occipital and somatosensory areas. To our knowledge, the present study is one of the first studies examining the effect of TENS on spontaneous EEG in healthy subjects. Based on the results of the present study, TENS may be used as an objective method for the examination of sensory impairments, and in the evaluative efficiency of the treatment of pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Yıldırım
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation/Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biophysics/School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging, and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Güntekin
- Department of Biophysics/School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging, and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lütfü Hanoğlu
- REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging, and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurology/School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Candan Algun
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation/School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Orthesis-Prosthesis/School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Borges U, Laborde S, Raab M. Influence of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on cardiac vagal activity: Not different from sham stimulation and no effect of stimulation intensity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223848. [PMID: 31603939 PMCID: PMC6788680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on cardiac vagal activity, the activity of the vagus nerve regulating cardiac functioning. We applied stimulation on the left cymba conchae and tested the effects of different stimulation intensities on a vagally-mediated heart rate variability pagerameter (i.e., the root mean square of successive differences) as well as on subjective ratings of strength of perceived stimulation intensity and unpleasantness due to the stimulation. Three experiments (within-subject designs, M = 61 healthy participants each) were carried out: In Experiment 1, to choose one fixed stimulation intensity for the subsequent studies, we compared three preset stimulation intensities (i.e., 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mA) with each other. In Experiment 2, we compared the set stimulation method with the free stimulation method, in which the participants were instructed to freely choose an intensity. In Experiment 3, to control for placebo effects, we compared both methods (i.e., set stimulation vs. free stimulation) with their respective sham stimulations. In the three experiments, an increase of cardiac vagal activity was found from resting to the stimulation phases. However, this increase in cardiac vagal activity was not dependent on stimulation intensity (Experiment 1), the method used to stimulate (i.e., set vs. free; Experiment 2), or whether stimulation was active or sham (Experiment 3). This pattern of results was solidly supported by Bayesian estimations. On the subjective level, higher stimulation intensities were perceived as significantly stronger and a stronger stimulation was generally also perceived as more unpleasant. The results suggest that cardiac vagal activity may be similarly influenced by afferent vagal stimuli triggered by active and sham stimulation with different stimulation intensities. Potential explanations for these findings and its implications for future research with tVNS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- German Sport University Cologne, Germany
- Normandie University, France
| | - Markus Raab
- German Sport University Cologne, Germany
- London South Bank University, England
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15
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Nakatani-Enomoto S, Yamazaki M, Kamimura Y, Abe M, Asano K, Enomoto H, Wake K, Watanabe S, Ugawa Y. Frequency-dependent current perception threshold in healthy Japanese adults. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:150-159. [PMID: 30920674 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study involves measuring the threshold for electric currents (i.e., current perception threshold or CPT) under several stimulating current frequencies. Specifically, current perception threshold (CPT) was measured in 53 healthy volunteers between the ages of 21 and 67. The stimulation currents were applied on the right index finger with stimulus frequencies in the range of 50 Hz - 300 kHz. The method of limits and method of constant stimuli were combined to measure the CPT. In a manner consistent with the findings obtained by previous studies, the results indicated that CPT was higher in men than in women and in older individuals than in young subjects. Bioelectromagnetics. 9999:XX-XX, 2019. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsu Nakatani-Enomoto
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Madoka Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Health Science, Daito Bunka University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Kamimura
- Department of Information Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mitsunari Abe
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kohei Asano
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Enomoto
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Wake
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichi Watanabe
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Vance CG, Chimenti RL, Dailey DL, Hadlandsmyth K, Zimmerman MB, Geasland KM, Williams JM, Merriwether EN, Alemo Munters L, Rakel BA, Crofford LJ, Sluka KA. Development of a method to maximize the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation intensity in women with fibromyalgia. J Pain Res 2018; 11:2269-2278. [PMID: 30349353 PMCID: PMC6188186 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s168297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological intervention clinically used for pain relief. The importance of utilizing the adequate stimulation intensity is well documented; however, clinical methods to achieve the highest possible intensity are not established. Objectives Our primary aim was to determine if exposure to the full range of clinical levels of stimulation, from sensory threshold to noxious, would result in higher final stimulation intensities. A secondary aim explored the association of pain, disease severity, and psychological variables with the ability to achieve higher final stimulation intensity. Methods Women with fibromyalgia (N=143) were recruited for a dual-site randomized controlled trial - Fibromyalgia Activity Study with TENS (FAST). TENS electrodes and stimulation were applied to the lumbar area, and intensity was increased to sensory threshold (ST), then to "strong but comfortable" (SC1), then to "noxious" (N). This was followed by a reduction to the final stimulation intensity of "strong but comfortable" (SC2). We called this the Setting of Intensity of TENS (SIT) test. Results There was a significant increase from SC1 (37.5 mA IQR: 35.6-39.0) to SC2 (39.2 mA IQR: 37.1-45.3) (p<0.0001) with a mean increase of 1.7 mA (95% CI: 1.5, 2.2). Linear regression analysis showed that those with the largest increase between SC1 and N had the largest increase in SC2-SC1. Further, those with older age and higher anxiety were able to achieve greater increases in intensity (SC2-SC1) using the SIT test. Conclusion The SC2-SC1 increase was significantly associated with age and anxiety, with greater mean increases associated with older age and higher anxiety. Thus, although all patients may benefit from this protocol, older women and women with elevated anxiety receive the greatest benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Gt Vance
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,
| | - Ruth L Chimenti
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,
| | - Dana L Dailey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,
| | | | - M Bridget Zimmerman
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katharine M Geasland
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,
| | - Jonathan M Williams
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ericka N Merriwether
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA, .,Department of Physical Therapy, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Alemo Munters
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Leslie J Crofford
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathleen A Sluka
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,
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17
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Strömmer JM, Põldver N, Waselius T, Kirjavainen V, Järveläinen S, Björksten S, Tarkka IM, Astikainen P. Automatic auditory and somatosensory brain responses in relation to cognitive abilities and physical fitness in older adults. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13699. [PMID: 29057924 PMCID: PMC5651800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal ageing, structural and functional changes in the brain lead to an altered processing of sensory stimuli and to changes in cognitive functions. The link between changes in sensory processing and cognition is not well understood, but physical fitness is suggested to be beneficial for both. We recorded event-related potentials to somatosensory and auditory stimuli in a passive change detection paradigm from 81 older and 38 young women and investigated their associations with cognitive performance. In older adults also associations to physical fitness were studied. The somatosensory mismatch response was attenuated in older adults and it associated with executive functions. Somatosensory P3a did not show group differences, but in older adults, it associated with physical fitness. Auditory N1 and P2 responses to repetitive stimuli were larger in amplitude in older than in young adults. There were no group differences in the auditory mismatch negativity, but it associated with working memory capacity in young but not in older adults. Our results indicate that in ageing, changes in stimulus encoding and deviance detection are observable in electrophysiological responses to task-irrelevant somatosensory and auditory stimuli, and the higher somatosensory response amplitudes are associated with better executive functions and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho M Strömmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Nele Põldver
- Institute of Psychology, Doctoral School of Behavioural, Social and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tomi Waselius
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ville Kirjavainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Saara Järveläinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanni Björksten
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ina M Tarkka
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Piia Astikainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
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18
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Krafft S, Göhmann HD, Sommer J, Straube A, Ruscheweyh R. Learned control over spinal nociception in patients with chronic back pain. Eur J Pain 2017; 21:1538-1549. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Krafft
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Großhadern; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
- Research Training Group 2175; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - H.-D. Göhmann
- Department of Anesthesiology; Intensive Care and Pain Therapy; Klinikum Traunstein; Traunstein Germany
| | - J. Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - A. Straube
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Großhadern; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
- Research Training Group 2175; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - R. Ruscheweyh
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Großhadern; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
- Research Training Group 2175; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
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19
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Russo C, Souza Carneiro MI, Bolognini N, Fregni F. Safety Review of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Stroke. Neuromodulation 2017; 20:215-222. [PMID: 28220641 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The safety, painless, and tolerability features of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) have prompted the research on the therapeutic effects of this technique in stroke; however, an in-depth and unarguable examination of the adverse effects of tDCS in stroke patients is still lacking. This review analyzes the reported adverse effects in stroke, looking for factors that may induce side-effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of articles published from 1998 to 2015 describing tDCS application in stroke patients performed through data extraction from MEDLINE/PubMed database. RESULTS Only 11.62% of published papers reported the occurrence of tDCS adverse effects in stroke patients. The most common was itching (70%), followed by burning sensation (40%), headache (40%), tingling (30%), sleepiness (20%), difficulty of concentration, mild fatigue, skin redness, and dizziness (10%). No significant difference was found between studies "Reporting" vs. "Non-reporting" adverse effects regarding tDCS parameters (intensity, current density, duration of stimulation, and number of sessions). CONCLUSION In the majority of stroke patients, tDCS did not induce any severe adverse effect. Regrettably, many published papers did not provide a careful description of exclusion criteria, nor a systematic report of side effects. Our work emphasizes the need of a more meticulous description of the adopted exclusion criteria and of the induced adverse effects, in order to optimize the therapeutic use of tDCS and to better delineate its safety parameters in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Department of Psychology and NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, Milan, Italy.,Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maíra I Souza Carneiro
- Department of Psychology and NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology and NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico, Via Mercalli, Milan, Italy
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Wallace D, Cooper NR, Paulmann S, Fitzgerald PB, Russo R. Perceived Comfort and Blinding Efficacy in Randomised Sham-Controlled Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Trials at 2 mA in Young and Older Healthy Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149703. [PMID: 26900961 PMCID: PMC4763202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND tDCS studies typically find that: lowest levels of comfort occur at stimulation-onset; young adult participants experience less comfort than older participants; and participants' blinding seems effective at low current strengths. At 2 mA conflicting results have been reported, questioning the effectiveness of blinding in sham-controlled paradigms using higher current strengths. Investigator blinding is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE Using a protocol with 30 min of 2 mA stimulation we sought to: (a) investigate the level of perceived comfort in young and older adults, ranging in age from 19 to 29 years and 63 to 76 years, respectively; (b) test investigator and participant blinding; (c) assess comfort over a longer stimulation duration; (d) add to the literature on protocols using 2 mA current strength. METHODS A two-session experiment was conducted where sham and active stimulation were administered to the frontal cortex at the F8/FP1 sites in a within-subjects manner. Levels of perceived comfort were measured, using a visual analogue scale, at the start and end of stimulation in young and older adults. Post-stimulation, participants and investigators judged whether or not active stimulation was used. RESULTS Comfort scores were lower at stimulation onset in both age groups. Older adults reported: (i) more comfort than young participants overall; (ii) comparable levels of comfort in sham and active stimulation; (iii) significantly more comfort than the young participants during active stimulation. Stimulation mode was correctly identified above chance in the second of the two sessions; 65% of all participants correctly identified the stimulation mode, resulting in a statistical trend. Similarly, the experimenter correctly identified stimulation mode significantly above chance, with 62% of all investigator judgements correct across 120 judgements. CONCLUSIONS Using 2 mA current strength over 30 minutes, tDCS stimulation comfort is lower at stimulation onset in young and older adults and, overall, lower for young participants. Investigators and participants may be able to identify active stimulation at above chance levels, although accuracy never exceeded 65% for either participants or the experimenter. Further research into blinding efficacy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Wallace
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Cooper
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Paulmann
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Paul B. Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Riccardo Russo
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
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21
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Nakashima Y, Kimoto S, Ogawa T, Furuse N, Ono M, Kawai Y. Characteristics of the pain tolerance threshold induced by electrical stimulation of the alveolar ridge. Clin Exp Dent Res 2015; 1:80-86. [PMID: 29744143 PMCID: PMC5839225 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the pain tolerance threshold (PTT) induced by electrical stimulation of the alveolar ridge. A total of 100 healthy volunteers studying or working at Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo and patients from Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Affiliated Hospital, including 51 men (58.7 ± 17.6 years old) and 49 women (60.7 ± 17.1 years old), participated in this study. The volunteers were enrolled after obtaining written informed consent. PTT measurements were obtained using a Neurometer CPT/C® device to deliver electrical stimulation around the left greater palatine foramen at frequencies of 5 and 250 Hz. When the stimulus could no longer be tolerated, the participant released a button to automatically discontinue the stimulus. After the distribution of the PTT values was analyzed, the influence of gender, age, and Eichner index on PTT was analyzed. The Eichner index values were divided into three categories: group A (four supporting zones), group B (less than four supporting zones but with anterior tooth contact), and group C (no occlusal contact). The PTT values did not show a normal distribution. There were no significant differences in PTT between men and women. PTT was significantly associated with age (P = 0.017) at 5 Hz in men. There were no significant differences in PTT among the Eichner index groups. The characteristics of the PTT of the alveolar ridge are as follows: (1) age and PTT at 5 Hz are significantly associated with men but not with women, and (2) the Eichner index has no influence on the PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nakashima
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Matsudo Japan
| | - Suguru Kimoto
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Matsudo Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Matsudo Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Furuse
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Matsudo Japan
| | - Masanori Ono
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Matsudo Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kawai
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Matsudo Japan
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22
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Vossen CJ, Vossen HGM, Joosten EA, van Os J, Lousberg R. Does habituation differ in chronic low back pain subjects compared to pain-free controls? A cross-sectional pain rating ERP study reanalyzed with the ERFIA multilevel method. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e865. [PMID: 25984683 PMCID: PMC4602586 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate cortical differences between chronic low back pain (CLBP) subjects and pain-free controls with respect to habituation and processing of stimulus intensity. The use of a novel event-related fixed-interval areas (ERFIA) multilevel technique enables the analysis of event-related electroencephalogram (EEG) of the whole post stimulus range at a single trial level. This technique makes it possible to disentangle the cortical processes of habituation and stimulus intensity.In a cross-sectional study, 78 individuals with CLBP and 85 pain-free controls underwent a rating paradigm of 150 nonpainful and painful somatosensory electrical stimuli. For each trial, the entire epoch was partitioned into 20-ms ERFIAs, which acted as dependent variables in a multilevel analysis. The variability of each consecutive ERFIA period was modeled with a set of predictor variables, including 3 forms of habituation and stimulus intensity.Seventy-six pain-free controls and 65 CLBP subjects were eligible for analysis. CLBP subjects showed a significantly decreased linear habituation at 340 to 460 ms in the midline electrodes and C3 (Ps < .05) and had a significantly more pronounced dishabituation for the regions of 400 to 460 ms and 800 to 820 ms for all electrodes, except for T3 and T4 (Ps < .05). No significant group differences for stimulus intensity processing were observed.In this study, group differences with respect to linear habituation and dishabituation were demonstrated. By means of the ERFIA multilevel technique, habituation effects were found in a broad post stimulus range and were not solely limited to peaks. This study suggests that habituation may be a key mechanism involved in the transition process to chronic pain. Future studies with a longitudinal design are required to solve this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Vossen
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands (CJV, EAJ); Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HGMV); Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands (JVO, RL); King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom (JVO)
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23
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Fertonani A, Ferrari C, Miniussi C. What do you feel if I apply transcranial electric stimulation? Safety, sensations and secondary induced effects. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2181-8. [PMID: 25922128 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goals of this work are to report data regarding a large number of stimulation sessions and to use model analyses to explain the similarities or differences in the sensations induced by different parameters of tES application. METHODS We analysed sensation data relative to 693 different tES sessions. In particular, we studied the effects on sensations induced by different types of current, categories of polarity and frequency, different timing, levels of current density and intensity, different electrode sizes and different electrode locations (areas). RESULTS The application of random or fixed alternating current stimulation (i.e., tRNS and tACS) over the scalp induced less sensation compared with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), regardless of the application parameters. Moreover, anodal tDCS induced more annoyance in comparison to other tES. Additionally, larger electrodes induced stronger sensations compared with smaller electrodes, and higher intensities were more strongly perceived. Timing of stimulation, montage and current density did not influence sensations perception. The analyses demonstrated that the induced sensations could be clustered on the basis of the type of somatosensory system activated. Finally and most important no adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION Induced sensations are modulated by electrode size and intensity and mainly pertain to the cutaneous receptor activity of the somatosensory system. Moreover, the procedure currently used to perform placebo stimulation may not be totally effective when compared with anodal tDCS. SIGNIFICANCE The reported observations enrich the literature regarding the safety aspects of tES, confirming that it is a painless and safe technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fertonani
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Statistics Service, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Neuroscience Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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24
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Varrassi G, Fusco M, Coaccioli S, Paladini A. Chronic pain and neurodegenerative processes in elderly people. Pain Pract 2014; 15:1-3. [PMID: 25353291 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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