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Marsicano G, Bertini C, Ronconi L. Decoding cognition in neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurological conditions with multivariate pattern analysis of EEG data. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105795. [PMID: 38977116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) of electroencephalographic (EEG) data represents a revolutionary approach to investigate how the brain encodes information. By considering complex interactions among spatio-temporal features at the individual level, MVPA overcomes the limitations of univariate techniques, which often fail to account for the significant inter- and intra-individual neural variability. This is particularly relevant when studying clinical populations, and therefore MVPA of EEG data has recently started to be employed as a tool to study cognition in brain disorders. Here, we review the insights offered by this methodology in the study of anomalous patterns of neural activity in conditions such as autism, ADHD, schizophrenia, dyslexia, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, within different cognitive domains (perception, attention, memory, consciousness). Despite potential drawbacks that should be attentively addressed, these studies reveal a peculiar sensitivity of MVPA in unveiling dysfunctional and compensatory neurocognitive dynamics of information processing, which often remain blind to traditional univariate approaches. Such higher sensitivity in characterizing individual neurocognitive profiles can provide unique opportunities to optimise assessment and promote personalised interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Marsicano
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, Bologna 40121, Italy; Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, Cesena 47023, Italy.
| | - Caterina Bertini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, Bologna 40121, Italy; Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, Cesena 47023, Italy.
| | - Luca Ronconi
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Li D, Hu Y, Qi M, Zhao C, Jensen O, Huang J, Song Y. Prioritizing flexible working memory representations through retrospective attentional strengthening. Neuroimage 2023; 269:119902. [PMID: 36708973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has proposed two potential benefits of retrospective attention on working memory (WM): target strengthening and non-target inhibition. It remains unknown which hypothesis contributes to the improved WM performance, yet the neural mechanisms responsible for this attentional benefit are unclear. Here, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) signals while 33 participants performed a retrospective-cue WM task. Multivariate pattern classification analysis revealed that only representations of target features were enhanced by valid retrospective attention during retention, supporting the target strengthening hypothesis. Further univariate analysis found that mid-frontal theta inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) and ERP components were modulated by valid retrospective attention and correlated with individual differences and moment-to-moment fluctuations on behavioral outcomes, suggesting that both trait- and state-level variability in attentional preparatory processes influence goal-directed behavior. Furthermore, task-irrelevant target spatial location could be decoded from EEG signals, indicating that enhanced spatial binding of target representation is vital to high WM precision. Importantly, frontoparietal theta-alpha phase-amplitude coupling was increased by valid retrospective attention and predicted the reduced random guessing rates. This long-range connection supported top-down information flow in the engagement of frontoparietal networks, which might organize attentional states to integrate target features. Altogether, these results provide neurophysiological bases that retrospective attention improves WM precision by enhancing flexible target representation and emphasize the critical role of the frontoparietal attentional network in the control of WM representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jing Huang
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Zhao C, Li D, Kong Y, Liu H, Hu Y, Niu H, Jensen O, Li X, Liu H, Song Y. Transcranial photobiomodulation enhances visual working memory capacity in humans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3211. [PMID: 36459562 PMCID: PMC10936045 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a safe and noninvasive intervention that has shown promise for improving cognitive performance. Whether tPBM can modulate brain activity and thereby enhance working memory (WM) capacity in humans remains unclear. In this study, we found that 1064-nm tPBM applied to the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) improves visual working memory capacity and increases occipitoparietal contralateral delay activity (CDA). The CDA set-size effect during retention mediated the effect between the 1064-nm tPBM and subsequent WM capacity. The behavioral benefits and the corresponding changes in the CDA set-size effect were absent with tPBM at a wavelength of 852 nm or with stimulation of the left PFC. Our findings provide converging evidence that 1064-nm tPBM applied to the right PFC can improve WM capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yuanjun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Xiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Li D, Luo X, Guo J, Kong Y, Hu Y, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Sun L, Song Y. Information-based multivariate decoding reveals imprecise neural encoding in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during visual selective attention. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:937-947. [PMID: 36250701 PMCID: PMC9875917 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in school-age children. Attentional orientation is a potential clinical diagnostic marker to aid in the early diagnosis of ADHD. However, the underlying pathophysiological substrates of impaired attentional orienting in childhood ADHD remain unclear. Electroencephalography (EEG) was measured in 135 school-age children (70 with childhood ADHD and 65 matched typically developing children) to directly investigate target localization during spatial selective attention through univariate ERP analysis and information-based multivariate pattern machine learning analysis. Compared with children with typical development, a smaller N2pc was found in the ADHD group through univariate ERP analysis. Children with ADHD showed a lower parieto-occipital multivariate decoding accuracy approximately 240-340 ms after visual search onset, which predicts a slower reaction time and larger standard deviation of reaction time. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between N2pc and decoding accuracy in typically developing children but not in children with ADHD. These observations reveal that impaired attentional orienting in ADHD may be due to inefficient neural encoding responses. By using a personalized information-based multivariate machine learning approach, we have advanced the understanding of cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders. Our study provides potential research directions for the early diagnosis and optimization of personalized intervention in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiangsheng Luo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental HealthBeijingChina,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)BeijingChina
| | - Jialiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuanjun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental HealthBeijingChina,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)BeijingChina
| | - Yu Zhu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental HealthBeijingChina,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)BeijingChina
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental HealthBeijingChina,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)BeijingChina
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental HealthBeijingChina,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)BeijingChina
| | - Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
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