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Choijookhuu N, Yano K, Lkham-Erdene B, Shirouzu S, Kubota T, Fidya, Ishizuka T, Kai K, Chosa E, Hishikawa Y. HMGB2 Promotes De Novo Lipogenesis to Accelerate Hepatocyte Proliferation During Liver Regeneration. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:245-264. [PMID: 38544368 PMCID: PMC11020747 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241241569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a well-orchestrated compensatory process that is regulated by multiple factors. We recently reported the importance of the chromatin protein, a high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) in mouse liver regeneration. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to study how HMGB2 regulates hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. Seventy-percent partial hepatectomy (PHx) was performed in wild-type (WT) and HMGB2-knockout (KO) mice, and the liver tissues were used for microarray, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blotting analyses. In the WT mice, HMGB2-positive hepatocytes colocalized with cell proliferation markers. In the HMGB2-KO mice, hepatocyte proliferation was significantly decreased. Oil Red O staining revealed the transient accumulation of lipid droplets at 12-24 hr after PHx in the WT mouse livers. In contrast, decreased amount of lipid droplets were found in HMGB2-KO mouse livers, and it was preserved until 36 hr. The microarray, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR results demonstrated that the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes was significantly decreased in the HMGB2-KO mouse livers. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that a decrease in the amount of lipid droplets correlated with decreased cell proliferation activity in HMGB2-knockdown cells. HMGB2 promotes de novo lipogenesis to accelerate hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narantsog Choijookhuu
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; and Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Koichi Yano
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology
- Department of Surgery
| | | | - Shinichiro Shirouzu
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
| | - Toshiki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
| | - Fidya
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology
| | | | - Kengo Kai
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology
- Department of Surgery
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Sugita N, Choijookhuu N, Yano K, Lee D, Ikenoue M, Fidya, Taniguchi N, Chosa E, Hishikawa Y. Depletion of high-mobility group box 2 causes seminiferous tubule atrophy via aberrant expression of androgen and estrogen receptors in mouse testis†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1510-1520. [PMID: 34719720 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 2, a chromatin-associated protein that interacts with deoxyribonucleic acid, is implicated in multiple biological processes, including gene transcription, replication, and repair. High-mobility group box 2 is expressed in several tissues, including the testis; however, its functional role is largely unknown. Here, we elucidated the role of high-mobility group box 2 in spermatogenesis. Paraffin-embedded testicular tissues were obtained from 8-week-old and 1-year-old wild-type and knock-out mice. Testis weight and number of seminiferous tubules were decreased, whereas atrophic tubules were increased in high-mobility group box 2-depleted mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that atrophic tubules contained Sertoli cells, but not germ cells. Moreover, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis were demonstrated in high-mobility group box 2-depleted mouse testis. To elucidate the cause of tubule atrophy, we examined the expression of androgen and estrogen receptors, and the results indicated aberrant expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha in Sertoli and Leydig cells. Southwestern histochemistry detected decreased estrogen response element-binding sites in high-mobility group box 2-depleted mouse testis. High-mobility group box 1, which has highly similar structure and function as high-mobility group box 2, was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, which indicated increased expression in testis. These findings indicate a compensatory increase in high-mobility group box 1 expression in high-mobility group box 2 knock-out mouse testis. In summary, depletion of high-mobility group box 2 induced aberrant expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha, leading to decreased germ cell proliferation and increased apoptosis which resulted in focal seminiferous tubule atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Sugita
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Narantsog Choijookhuu
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Yano
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Deokcheol Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikenoue
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Fidya
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Noboru Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Etsuo Chosa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Mai NNH, Yamaguchi Y, Choijookhuu N, Matsumoto J, Nanashima A, Takagi H, Sato K, Tuan LQ, Hishikawa Y. Photodynamic Therapy Using a Novel Phosphorus Tetraphenylporphyrin Induces an Anticancer Effect via Bax/Bcl-xL-related Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Biliary Cancer Cells. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2020; 53:61-72. [PMID: 32873990 PMCID: PMC7450180 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.20-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizer activation by light of a specific wavelength, and is a promising treatment for various cancers; however, the detailed mechanism of PDT remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the anticancer effect of PDT using a novel phosphorus tetraphenylporphyrin (Ptpp) in combination with light emitting diodes (Ptpp-PDT) in the NOZ human biliary cancer cell line. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by MTT assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay for 24 hr after Ptpp-PDT. MitoTracker and JC-1 were used as markers of mitochondrial localization and membrane potential. The levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3 were examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that Ptpp localized to mitochondria, and that Ptpp-PDT efficiently decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. JC-1 and OXPHOS complexes decreased, but apoptotic cells increased from 6 to 24 hr after Ptpp-PDT. A decrease in Bcl-xL and increases in Bax, cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3 were also found from 6 to 24 hr after Ptpp-PDT. Based on these results, we conclude that Ptpp-PDT induces anticancer effects via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by altering the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, and could be an effective treatment for human biliary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nhat Huynh Mai
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University
| | - Yuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
- Present address: Division of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University
| | - Narantsog Choijookhuu
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Jin Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| | | | - Hideaki Takagi
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Le Quoc Tuan
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
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Kyaw MTH, Yamaguchi Y, Choijookhuu N, Yano K, Takagi H, Takahashi N, Synn Oo P, Sato K, Hishikawa Y. The HDAC Inhibitor, SAHA, Combined with Cisplatin Synergistically Induces Apoptosis in Alpha-fetoprotein-producing Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma Cells. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2019; 52:1-8. [PMID: 30923410 PMCID: PMC6434315 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.18044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare and aggressive gastrointestinal tract cancer that is characterized by hepatic differentiation and production of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Cisplatin is mainly used to treat HAC, but the efficacy is poor. Recently, the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), was approved as an anticancer agent. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of SAHA in combination with cisplatin in VAT-39 cells, a newly established HAC cell line. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by MTT assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Expression of H3S10, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. AFP levels were examined in VAT-39 cells and culture medium. Combined treatment with cisplatin and SAHA efficiently inhibited cell proliferation and decreased cell viability. Apoptotic cells, but not necrotic cells, were significantly increased following the combined treatment, and an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio indicated that the combination of cisplatin and SAHA induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. VAT-39 cells treated with cisplatin and SAHA also partially lost their main characteristic of AFP production. We conclude that cisplatin and SAHA have a synergistic anticancer effect of inducing apoptosis, and that this combination treatment may be effective for HAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Tin Htwe Kyaw
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Yuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Narantsog Choijookhuu
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Koichi Yano
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Nobuyasu Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Phyu Synn Oo
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine 1
| | - Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
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Tang J, Song M, Watanabe G, Nagaoka K, Rui X, Li C. Effects of 4-nitrophenol on expression of the ER-α and AhR signaling pathway-associated genes in the small intestine of rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:27-37. [PMID: 27235926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
4-Nitrophenol (PNP) is a persistent organic pollutant that was proven to be an environmental endocrine disruptor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway in regulating the damage response to PNP in the small intestine of rats. Wistar-Imamichi male rats (21 d) were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and PNP group. Each group had three processes that were gavaged with PNP or vehicle daily: single dose (1 d), repeated dose (3 consecutive days) (3 d), and repeated dose with recovery (3 consecutive days and 3 recovery days) (6 d). The weight of the body, the related viscera, and small intestine were examined. Histological parameters of the small intestine and the quantity of mucus proteins secreted by small goblet cells were determined using HE staining and PAS staining. The mRNA expression of AhR, ER-α, CYP1A1, and GST was measured by real-time qPCR. In addition, we also analyzed the AhR, ER-α, and CYP1A1 expression in the small intestine by immunohistochemical staining. The small intestines histologically changed in the PNP-treated rat and the expression of AhR, CYP1A1, and GST was increased. While ER-α was significantly decreased in the small intestine, simultaneously, when rats were exposed to a longer PNP treatment, the damages disappeared. Our results demonstrate that PNP has an effect on the expression of AhR signaling pathway genes, AhR, CYP1A1, and GST, and ER-α in the rat small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meiyan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoli Rui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - ChunMei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Migita H, Yoshitake S, Tange Y, Choijookhuu N, Hishikawa Y. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Suppresses Apoptosis and Promotes Renal Tubular Regeneration After Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Nephrourol Mon 2016; 8:e34421. [PMID: 26981502 PMCID: PMC4780282 DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.34421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), in addition to I/R injury-induced tissue inflammation, necrosis and apoptosis. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is defined as a treatment in which a patient is intermittently exposed to 100% oxygen pressurized to a pressure above sea level (> 2.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA), 1.0 ATA = 760 mmHg). It has been used in a number of medical conditions with a proven efficacy in a limited number of disorders. However, the effects of HBO therapy on apoptosis and proliferative activity after I/R injury have not been fully understood. OBJECTIVES We studied the possible beneficial effects of HBO therapy on apoptosis and tubular cell regeneration after renal I/R injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into three groups: Sham (Sham-operated rats); I/R (animals submitted to I/R); and I/R + HBO (I/R rats exposed to HBO). Tubular cell apoptosis was confirmed by DNA laddering and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Cellular proliferation activity was determined using the anti-Ki-67 antibody. RESULTS A significant decrease in apoptotic cells and increase in proliferative reaction were observed in the I/R + HBO group compared to the I/R group. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that HBO suppressed apoptosis, which caused inflammation after renal I/R, and promoted tubular cell regeneration. HBO has protective effects against AKI caused by renal I/R through the inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heihachi Migita
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Yoshinomachi, Nobeoka, Japan
- Corresponding author: Heihachi Migita, Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Yoshinomachi, Nobeoka, Japan. Tel: +81-982235555, Fax: +81-9825618, E-mail:
| | - Shigenori Yoshitake
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Yoshinomachi, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tange
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Yoshinomachi, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Narantsog Choijookhuu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Miyazaki, Kyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Miyazaki, Kyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
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