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Daniel M, Szymanik-Grzelak H, Sierdziński J, Pańczyk-Tomaszewska M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 and Lactobacillus plantarum PM1 versus Placebo as Prophylaxis for Recurrence of Urinary Tract Infections in Children. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1037. [PMID: 38930419 PMCID: PMC11205481 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) rank among the most prevalent bacterial infections in children. Probiotics appear to reduce the risk of recurrence of UTIs. This study aimed to evaluate whether probiotics containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 and Lactobacillus plantarum PM1 therapy prevent UTIs in the pediatric population compared to a placebo. A superiority, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. In total, 54 children aged 3-18 years with recurrent UTIs or ≥one acute pyelonephritis and ≥one risk factor of recurrence of UTIs were randomly assigned (27 patients in each arm) to a 90-day probiotic or placebo arm. The age, sex, diagnosis, renal function, risk factors, and etiology of UTIs did not vary between the groups. During the intervention, 26% of children taking the probiotic had episodes of UTI, and it was not significantly less than in the placebo group. The number of UTI episodes during the intervention and the follow-up period decreased significantly in both groups, but the difference between them was insignificant. We observed a decrease in UTIs during the study of almost 50% in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group. Probiotics can be used as natural, safe prophylaxis for children with risk factors for UTIs in whom antibiotic prevention is not indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniel
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (M.P.-T.)
| | - Hanna Szymanik-Grzelak
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (M.P.-T.)
| | - Janusz Sierdziński
- Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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Quattrone C, Manfredi C, Napolitano L, Ferraro A, Distefano C, Di Girolamo A, Sciorio C, Imperatore V, Bottone F, La Rocca R, Arcaniolo D, De Sio M, Spirito L. D-Mannose Plus Saccharomyces boulardii to Prevent Urinary Tract Infections and Discomfort after Cystoscopy: A Single-Center Prospective Randomized Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1165. [PMID: 37374369 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Patients undergoing cystoscopy can experience discomfort or pain during the procedure. In some cases, a urinary tract infection (UTI) with storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may occur in the days following the procedure. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of D-mannose plus Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of UTIs and discomfort in patients undergoing cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: A single-center prospective randomized pilot study was conducted between April 2019 and June 2020. Patients undergoing cystoscopy for suspected bladder cancer (BCa) or in the follow-up for BCa were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups: D-Mannose plus Saccharomyces boulardii (Group A) vs. no treatment (Group B). A urine culture was prescribed regardless of symptoms 7 days before and 7 days after cystoscopy. The International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS), 0-10 numeric rating scale (NRS) for local pain/discomfort, and EORTC Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) were administered before cystoscopy and 7 days after. Results: A total of 32 patients (16 per group) were enrolled. No urine culture was positive in Group A 7 days after cystoscopy, while 3 patients (18.8%) in Group B had a positive control urine culture (p = 0.044). All patients with positive control urine culture reported the onset or worsening of urinary symptoms, excluding the diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria. At 7 days after cystoscopy, the median IPSS of Group A was significantly lower than that of Group B (10.5 vs. 16.5 points; p = 0.021), and at 7 days, the median NRS for local discomfort/pain of Group A was significantly lower than that for Group B (1.5 vs. 4.0 points; p = 0.012). No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in the median IPSS-QoL and EORTC QLQ-C30 was found between groups. Conclusions: D-Mannose plus Saccharomyces boulardii administered after cystoscopy seem to significantly reduce the incidence of UTI, the severity of LUTS, and the intensity of local discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Quattrone
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Celeste Manfredi
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Napolitano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Concetta Distefano
- Division of Urology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Sciorio
- Urology Unit, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Bottone
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto La Rocca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Arcaniolo
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco De Sio
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spirito
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
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Hudson RE, Job KM, Sayre CL, Krepkova LV, Sherwin CM, Enioutina EY. Examination of Complementary Medicine for Treating Urinary Tract Infections Among Pregnant Women and Children. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883216. [PMID: 35571128 PMCID: PMC9094615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant clinical problem that pregnant women and children commonly experience. Escherichia coli is the primary causative organism, along with several other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrobial drugs are commonly prescribed to treat UTIs in these patients. Conventional treatment can range from using broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs for empirical or prophylactic therapy or patient-tailored therapy based on urinary cultures and sensitivity to prospective antibiotics. The ongoing emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens has raised concerns related to commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs such as those used routinely to treat UTIs. Consequently, several natural medicines have been explored as potential complementary therapies to improve health outcomes in patients with UTIs. This review discusses the effectiveness of commonly used natural products such as cranberry juice/extracts, ascorbic acid, hyaluronic acid, probiotics, and multi-component formulations intended to treat and prevent UTIs. The combination of natural products with prescribed antimicrobial treatments and use of formulations that contained high amounts of cranberry extracts appear to be most effective in preventing recurrent UTIs (RUTIs). The incorporation of natural products like cranberry, hyaluronic acid, ascorbic acid, probiotics, Canephron® N, and Cystenium II to conventional treatments of acute UTIs or as a prophylactic regimen for treatment RUTIs can benefit both pregnant women and children. Limited information is available on the safety of natural products in these patients' populations. However, based on limited historical information, these remedies appear to be safe and well-tolerated by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Job
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Assistant Professor, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Casey L. Sayre
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Assistant Professor, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
| | - Lubov V. Krepkova
- Head of Toxicology Department, Center of Medicine, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow, Russia
| | - Catherine M. Sherwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vice-Chair for Research, Professor, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine/Dayton Children’s Hospital, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Elena Y. Enioutina
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Assistant Professor, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Potentially Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains Derived from Food Intensify Crystallization Caused by Proteus mirabilis in Urine. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:441-452. [PMID: 32754854 PMCID: PMC8032593 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of infectious urolithiasis. The first stage in the formation of urinary stones is the crystallization of mineral salts in the urine induced by urease activity of this microorganism. Lactobacillus spp. are an important component of the human microbiota and in large quantities occur in foods. Regardless of their origin, those with probiotic properties are proposed as an alternative to antibiotic therapy in the treatment of urinary tract infections. The aim of the study was to check the effect of selected Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis strains on crystallization caused by P. mirabilis in an in vitro experiment. It has been confirmed that selected Lactobacillus strains have antibacterial properties and colonize the urinary tract epithelium. During 24-h incubation of bacterial cultures, containing P. mirabilis and individual Lactobacillus strains, in synthetic urine, bacterial viability (CFU/mL), pH, and crystallization were determined. Crystallization was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively using AAS and XRD techniques as well as phase-contrast microscopy. It has been shown that in the presence of selected Lactobacillus strains, the culture pH increases faster, especially after 8 h of incubation, compared with the pure P. mirabilis culture. An increase in pH reduces the viability of P. mirabilis; however, in the presence of some lactobacilli, the uropathogen grows more intensively. The presence of Lactobacillus also affected crystallization by increasing its intensity, and the resulting crystals were larger in size. Tested L. plantarum and L. brevis strains could therefore accelerate the formation of urinary stones and development of infection.
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Assessment of pediatric bowel and bladder dysfunction: a critical appraisal of the literature. J Pediatr Urol 2018; 14:494-501. [PMID: 30297226 PMCID: PMC6295280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bowel and bladder dysfunction (BBD) is a clinical syndrome defined by the coexistence of constipation and lower urinary tract symptoms. Although BBD is a common condition in pediatric urology and can cause significant stress to patients/parents, clinical diagnosis of BBD has not been standardized. Bowel and bladder dysfunction instruments have gained popularity over the past decade to aid in diagnosis. In this review, the currently published BBD symptom questionnaires were summarized and an analysis on their psychometric validation process was provided. SUBJECTS/PATIENTS PubMed was searched for articles on BBD symptom questionnaires/instruments/surveys since 2000. Two investigators (R.Y.J. & M.S.K.) conducted the search in duplicate. The search was limited to English language. The included search terms were 'dysfunctional elimination syndrome', 'bowel and bladder dysfunction', 'dysfunctional voiding', 'voiding dysfunction symptom score', and 'dysfunctional voiding symptom scale'. Reference lists of included studies were screened for missed studies. Unpublished abstracts presented at the following scientific meetings were also manually searched for: the American Urological Association, the Society for Pediatric Urology, and the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Urology. Exclusion criteria included articles in languages other than English, articles not related to BBD questionnaires, and articles not pertaining to pediatric patients. RESULTS After initial search, a total of 54 articles were obtained. Of the seven questionnaires reviewed, only one did not measure sensitivity or specificity. Almost all questionnaires showed excellent discriminative property with an Area under the curve (AUC) >0.85. Criterion validity was not reported in any of the questionnaires. Known-group validation was used as a common method to evaluate construct validity. Internal consistency was reported in 2 studies, and only 1 study measured questionnaire responsiveness during initial validation. CONCLUSIONS Although BBD is a common pediatric urology condition; a large amount of heterogeneity exists in the questionnaires' psychometric testing and validation process. To further improve the diagnosis and management of BBD in pediatric patients, there is a need for consensus on the gold standard questionnaire measure.
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Mennander AA. The dark side of fluoroquinolones. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 157:122-123. [PMID: 30482528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ari A Mennander
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tampere University Heart Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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Ortiz TK, Velazquez N, Ding L, Routh JC, Wiener JS, Seed PC, Ross SS. Predominant bacteria and patterns of antibiotic susceptibility in urinary tract infection in children with spina bifida. J Pediatr Urol 2018; 14:444.e1-444.e8. [PMID: 29709445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection is more common in children with spina bifida (SB) than neurologically intact children, and Escherichia coli is the most common urinary pathogen in the general pediatric population. Less is known of the pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections (UTI) in the pediatric SB population or their evolving antimicrobial resistance patterns. The goal of this study is to determine the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of SB-associated urinary pathogens. METHODS Between January 1996 and August 2013, 231 patients aged 1 month to 18 years were identified with a diagnosis of SB-NB and at least one symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) event (Table). Two-hundred and thirty-one normally voiding children with a single symptomatic UTI were age-matched based on age at diagnosis of UTI at a 1:1 ratio. Chi-square tests and Generalized Estimating Equation analysis, controlling for clinicopathological factors, were performed to compare rates of pathogen-associations with UTI between groups and likelihood of UTI with multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms. RESULTS Children in the SB-NB group had a higher rate of non-E. coli UTI compared with controls (64% vs. 41%, p < 0.01), particularly associated with Klebsiella species the SB-NB group had an overall higher infection rate with MDR organisms (21% vs. 10%, p < 0.01) and E. coli isolates, with a trend towards increased rates of antibiotic resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, extended spectrum β-lactams, and TMP-SMZ. Additionally, patients in the SB-NB group had a 10-fold increase of urosepsis with 57% of events caused by MDR organisms. CONCLUSIONS Children with SB-NB are more likely to have non-E. coli UTI, UTIs with MDR organisms, and urosepsis than the general pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara K Ortiz
- Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Fort Hood, TX, USA.
| | - Nermarie Velazquez
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Laura Ding
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jonathan C Routh
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John S Wiener
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Patrick C Seed
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sherry S Ross
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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In vitro probiotic properties of vaginal Lactobacillus fermentum MG901 and Lactobacillus plantarum MG989 against Candida albicans. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 228:232-237. [PMID: 30014929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most important Candida species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). We investigated the potential of the probiotic strains Lactobacillus fermentum MG901 and L. plantarum MG989 towards control of C. albiacns. Cell viability tests following co-culturing with lactobacilli revealed that C. albicans cells lost metabolic activity and were eventually killed. Further studies revealed that MG901 and MG989 had high surface hydrophobicity that enhanced its adhesion ability to epithelial cell. The MG901 and MG989 showed coaggregation with E. coli and C. albicans to affect their adhesion and colonization. The adhesion of MG901 and MG989 to HT-29 cell and its inhibition of E. coli and C. albicans adherence to these cells were demonstrated. These incidences provided evidence of the possible colonization of MG901 and MG989 that would prevent binding and growth of E. coli and C. albicans onto intestinal epithelial cells. Following daily administration of 108 CFU of viable MG901 and MG989 orally, the animals' feces were examined for bacterial excretion. The potential probiotic MG901 and MG989 were found to persist for up to 6 days in the feces of mice. In conclusion, L. fermentum MG901 and L. plantarum MG989 have the potential to inhibit the yeast growth, which could possibly have played an important role in helping to clear VVC in vivo.
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Lashkar MO, Nahata MC. Antimicrobial Pharmacotherapy Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Pediatric Patients. J Pharm Technol 2018; 34:62-81. [DOI: 10.1177/8755122518755402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To discuss the risk factors, microbial resistance rates, and pharmacotherapy, including antimicrobial choices and medication dosage regimens, for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pediatric patients. Data Sources: A MEDLINE literature search (1985 to December 2017) was performed using the following keywords and associated medical subject headings: urinary tract infection, antimicrobial, treatment, and children. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Search was conducted to identify clinical trials, systematic reviews, and guidelines. Search was filtered to include studies with age range between birth and 18 years and published in English. Additional references were identified from selected review articles. Data Synthesis: In total, 27 studies investigating microbial resistance, 31 studies assessing antimicrobial efficacy, 34 studies describing prophylaxis, and 6 systematic reviews were included. The resistance patterns differed across age groups and affected the choice of empirical therapy. If pyelonephritis is suspected, empiric antimicrobials should have high urinary and sufficient parenchymal concentrations. Nitrofurantoin has low microbial resistance rates and can generally be used empirically for treating uncomplicated cystitis in children >1 month of age. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance has increased and should be avoided unless local susceptibility data are available. Certain patients with recurrent UTIs or renal abnormalities may require antimicrobial prophylaxis, which may be associated with adverse effects, such as intolerability or an increased risk of microbial resistance. Conclusion: The resistance pattern of uropathogens should be considered prior to initiating therapy. Controlled trials with large samples are needed to compare the treatment duration of various antimicrobial regimens and the specific role of prophylactic antimicrobials.
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Hosseini M, Yousefifard M, Ataei N, Oraii A, Mirzay Razaz J, Izadi A. The efficacy of probiotics in prevention of urinary tract infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Urol 2017; 13:581-591. [PMID: 29102297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A consensus has not been reached yet about the efficacy of probiotics in reducing the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to assess the efficacy of probiotics in prevention UTI in children. METHODS The present study was designed based on guidelines for systematic reviews of clinical trials. Two independent reviewers performed an extensive search in the Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases up to the end of 2016. The summery of eligible studies was assessed independently by two reviewers and recorded in the data extraction form. Finally, a pooled relative risk (RR) was reported with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Data from 10 studies were entered in the present meta-analysis. Probiotic therapy did not have any beneficial effect on the incidence of UTI (RR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.85-1.03; p = 0.19) and its recurrence (RR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.85-1.02; p = 0.14). Subgroup analyses showed that probiotics as monotherapy do not have any beneficial effects on prevention of UTI (RR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.89-1.04; p = 0.31). However, the incidence of UTI is reduced if probiotics are used as adjuvant therapy to antibiotics (RR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.85-0.99; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis showed that probiotics did not have a beneficial effect in reducing the incidence or recurrence of UTI. Only a moderate efficacy was seen when a probiotic was used as adjuvant therapy to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Hosseini
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Yousefifard
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neamatollah Ataei
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Oraii
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalaledin Mirzay Razaz
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Sahib Behest University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Izadi
- Departments of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.
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Probiotics for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Children. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/ijp.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Salas-Jara MJ, Ilabaca A, Vega M, García A. Biofilm Forming Lactobacillus: New Challenges for the Development of Probiotics. Microorganisms 2016; 4:E35. [PMID: 27681929 PMCID: PMC5039595 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live bacteria, generally administered in food, conferring beneficial effects to the host because they help to prevent or treat diseases, the majority of which are gastrointestinal. Numerous investigations have verified the beneficial effect of probiotic strains in biofilm form, including increased resistance to temperature, gastric pH and mechanical forces to that of their planktonic counterparts. In addition, the development of new encapsulation technologies, which have exploited the properties of biofilms in the creation of double coated capsules, has given origin to fourth generation probiotics. Up to now, reviews have focused on the detrimental effects of biofilms associated with pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, this work aims to amalgamate information describing the biofilms of Lactobacillus strains which are used as probiotics, particularly L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. reuteri, and L. fermentum. Additionally, we have reviewed the development of probiotics using technology inspired by biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Salas-Jara
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
| | - Alejandra Ilabaca
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
| | - Marco Vega
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
| | - Apolinaria García
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
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