1
|
Santagata S, Rea G, Bello AM, Capiluongo A, Napolitano M, Desicato S, Fragale A, D'Alterio C, Trotta AM, Ieranò C, Portella L, Persico F, Di Napoli M, Di Maro S, Feroce F, Azzaro R, Gabriele L, Longo N, Pignata S, Perdonà S, Scala S. Targeting CXCR4 impaired T regulatory function through PTEN in renal cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:2016-2026. [PMID: 38704478 PMCID: PMC11183124 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tregs trafficking is controlled by CXCR4. In Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), the effect of the new CXCR4 antagonist, R54, was explored in peripheral blood (PB)-Tregs isolated from primary RCC patients. METHODS PB-Tregs were isolated from 77 RCC patients and 38 healthy donors (HDs). CFSE-T effector-Tregs suppression assay, IL-35, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β1 secretion, and Nrp-1+Tregs frequency were evaluated. Tregs were characterised for CTLA-4, PD-1, CD40L, PTEN, CD25, TGF-β1, FOXP3, DNMT1 transcriptional profile. PTEN-pAKT signalling was evaluated in the presence of R54 and/or triciribine (TCB), an AKT inhibitor. Methylation of TSDR (Treg-Specific-Demethylated-Region) was conducted. RESULTS R54 impaired PB-RCC-Tregs function, reduced Nrp-1+Tregs frequency, the release of IL-35, IL-10, and TGF-β1, while increased IFN-γ Teff-secretion. The CXCR4 ligand, CXCL12, recruited CD25+PTEN+Tregs in RCC while R54 significantly reduced it. IL-2/PMA activates Tregs reducing pAKT+Tregs while R54 increases it. The AKT inhibitor, TCB, prevented the increase in pAKT+Tregs R54-mediated. Moreover, R54 significantly reduced FOXP3-TSDR demethylation with DNMT1 and FOXP3 downregulation. CONCLUSION R54 impairs Tregs function in primary RCC patients targeting PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, reducing TSDR demethylation and FOXP3 and DNMT1 expression. Thus, CXCR4 targeting is a strategy to inhibit Tregs activity in the RCC tumour microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santagata
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rea
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bello
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Capiluongo
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Desicato
- Urology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Crescenzo D'Alterio
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Ieranò
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Portella
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Persico
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Napoli
- Uro-gynecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Florinda Feroce
- Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Azzaro
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Longo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Uro-gynecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Urology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goswami TK, Singh M, Dhawan M, Mitra S, Emran TB, Rabaan AA, Mutair AA, Alawi ZA, Alhumaid S, Dhama K. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their therapeutic potential against autoimmune disorders - Advances and challenges. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2035117. [PMID: 35240914 PMCID: PMC9009914 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2035117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are caused when immune cells act against self-protein. This biological self-non-self-discrimination phenomenon is controlled by a distinct group of lymphocytes known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are key inflammatory response regulators and play a pivotal role in immune tolerance and homeostasis. Treg-mediated robust immunosuppression provides self-tolerance and protection against autoimmune diseases. However, once this system fails to operate or poorly operate, it leads to an extreme situation where immune system reacts against self-antigens and destroys host organs, thus causing autoimmune diseases. Tregs can target both innate and adaptive immunity via modulating multiple immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, antigen-presenting cells, B cells, and T cells. This review highlights the Treg-mediated immunosuppression, role of several markers and their interplay during Treg development and differentiation, and advances in therapeutic aspects of Treg cells to reduce severity of autoimmunity-related conditions along with emphasizing limitations and challenges of their usages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Goswami
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, UK
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Zainab Al Alawi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu X, Shen H, Bai W, Xiang Z, Li X, Zhang R, Shi F, Li H, Zhu G, Guo S. Endometrial cancer prognosis prediction using correlation models based on CDK family genes. Front Genet 2022; 13:1021600. [PMID: 36299580 PMCID: PMC9589062 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1021600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play an important role in cell division. Given that abnormal cell proliferation caused by dysregulation of cell division is one of the major causes of endometrial cancer (EC), it is important to elucidate the role of CDK family genes in the diagnosis and prognosis of EC. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the frequency of copy number variations and somatic mutations in 26 CDK family genes. Subsequently, the expression of these genes in EC was assessed, and their relationship with overall survival (OS) was examined via Kaplan–Meier analysis to assess their prognostic significance. A prognostic model based on seven CDK genes was constructed using Lasso and Cox regression, and the predictive performance of the model was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and column line plots. The correlation between CDK genes and immune cells was also examined. Patients with EC in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis. The results of qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses validated that CDK16 is highly expressed in EC tissues. Patients with EC with high CDK16 expression had worse 10-year OS than patients with low CDK16 expression. These findings suggest that the prognostic model constructed based on CDK genes can help to develop individualized and targeted treatment strategies for patients with EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Gu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Honghong Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wenqi Bai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Fan Shi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Guangzheng Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Suyang Guo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Suyang Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumari D, Singh K. Exploring the paradox of defense between host and Leishmania parasite. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108400. [PMID: 34890999 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, still remains a global concern for the healthcare sector. The primary causative agents of the disease comprise diverse leishmanial species, leading to recurring failures in disease diagnosis and delaying the initiation of appropriate chemotherapy. Various species of the Leishmania parasite cause diverse clinical manifestations ranging from skin ulcers to systemic infections. Therefore, host immunity in response to different forms of infecting species of Leishmania becomes pivotal in disease progression or regression. Thus, understanding the paradox of immune arsenals during host and parasite interface becomes crucial to eliminate this deadly disease. In the present review, we have elaborated on the immunological perspectives of the disease and discussed primary host immune cells that form a defense line to counteract parasite infection. Furthermore, we also have shed light on the immune cells and effector molecules responsible for parasite survival in host lethal milieu/ environment. Next, we have highlighted recent molecules/compounds showing potent leishmanicidal activities pertaining to their pro-oxidant and immuno-modulatory mechanisms. This review addresses an immuno-biological overview of the factors influencing the parasitic disease, as this knowledge can aid in the unraveling/ identification of potential biomarkers, novel therapeutics, and vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Kumari
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin J, Mao W, Xiao X, Yu X, Li B, Chen F, Lin J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Tong Z, Ke L, Li W. Immune Dysfunction is Associated with Readmission in Survivors of Sepsis Following Infected Pancreatic Necrosis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5433-5442. [PMID: 34707384 PMCID: PMC8542572 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s321507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immunosuppression is common in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) and associated with morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of immune status on mortality and readmission after hospital discharge in patients with IPN-related sepsis. Methods In this prospective observational study, eligible adult patients with IPN-related sepsis requiring ICU admission were included. Monocytic human leukocyte antigen DR (mHLA-DR), expression of regulatory T cells (Treg), and neutrophil CD88 (nCD88) were measured on the diagnosis of sepsis, ICU discharge, hospital discharge, and 15, 30, 60 days after hospital discharge. Logistic regression model was used to assess potential risk factors for readmission 60-days within the index discharge. Results A total of 53 patients were included, 13 died during hospitalization and one withdrew the consent soon after discharge. Among the survivors, a tendency of immune recovery was observed during the consecutive follow-ups, evidenced by the increased expression of mHLA-DR. Sixteen patients (41.03%) were readmitted within 60 days after the index discharge. In the multivariable regression model, APACHE II score when sepsis was diagnosed >9 and mHLA-DR at discharged <14,591 AB/C were found to be independent risk factors affecting readmission. Conclusion Immunosuppression is common in patients with IPN-related sepsis and can persist until two months after discharge. The compromised mHLA-DR level at discharge was associated with readmission within two months after discharge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojia Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqiang Yu
- Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiqiang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Faxi Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elmahallawy EK, Alkhaldi AAM, Saleh AA. Host immune response against leishmaniasis and parasite persistence strategies: A review and assessment of recent research. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111671. [PMID: 33957562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a neglected parasitic disease caused by a unicellular protozoan of the genus Leishmania, is transmitted through the bite of a female sandfly. The disease remains a major public health problem and is linked to tropical and subtropical regions, with an endemic picture in several regions, including East Africa, the Mediterranean basin and South America. The different causative species display a diversity of clinical presentations; therefore, the immunological data on leishmaniasis are both scarce and controversial for the different forms and infecting species of the parasite. The present review highlights the main immune parameters associated with leishmaniasis that might contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenicity of the parasite and the clinical outcomes of the disease. Our aim was to provide a concise overview of the immunobiology of the disease and the factors that influence it, as this knowledge may be helpful in developing novel chemotherapeutic and vaccine strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | | | - Amira A Saleh
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zgazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu Y, Jiang P, Sun P, Su N, Lin F. Analysis of therapeutic potential of preclinical models based on DR3/TL1A pathway modulation (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:693. [PMID: 33986858 PMCID: PMC8111866 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 3 (DR3) and its corresponding ligand, tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A), belong to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Signaling via this receptor-ligand pair results in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Effector lymphocytes can be activated to exert pro-inflammatory activity by triggering the DR3/TL1A pathway. By contrast, DR3/TL1A signaling also induces expansion of the suppressive function of regulatory T cells, which serve an important role in exerting anti-inflammatory functions and maintaining immune homeostasis. Preclinical evidence indicates that neutralizing and agonistic antibodies, as well as ligand-based approaches targeting the DR3/TL1A pathway, may be used to treat diseases, including inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that modulating the DR3/TL1A pathway is a promising therapeutic approach for patients with these diseases. This review discusses preclinical models to gauge the progress of therapeutic strategies for diseases involving the DR3/TL1A pathway to aid in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Yu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Pan Sun
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Na Su
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhao Lin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huai G, Markmann JF, Deng S, Rickert CG. TGF-β-secreting regulatory B cells: unsung players in immune regulation. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1270. [PMID: 33815797 PMCID: PMC8017464 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells contribute to the regulation of immune responses in cancer, autoimmune disorders, allergic conditions and inflammatory diseases. Although most studies focus on regulatory B lymphocytes expressing interleukin-10, there is growing evidence that B cells producing transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) can also regulate T-cell immunity in inflammatory diseases and promote the emergence of regulatory T cells that contribute to the induction and maintenance of natural and induced immune tolerance. Most research on TGF-β+ regulatory B cells has been conducted in models of allergy, cancer and autoimmune diseases, but there has, as yet, been limited scrutiny of their role in the transplant setting. Herein, we review recent investigations seeking to understand how TGF-β-producing B cells direct the immune response in various inflammatory diseases and whether these regulatory cells may have a role in fostering tolerance in transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Huai
- Organ Transplantation Center Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China.,Center for Transplantation Sciences Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - James F Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Organ Transplantation Center Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Charles Gerard Rickert
- Center for Transplantation Sciences Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Eskandari SK, Sulkaj I, Melo MB, Li N, Allos H, Alhaddad JB, Kollar B, Borges TJ, Eskandari AS, Zinter MA, Cai S, Assaker JP, Choi JY, Al Dulaijan BS, Mansouri A, Haik Y, Tannous BA, van Son WJ, Leuvenink HGD, Pomahac B, Riella LV, Tang L, Seelen MAJ, Irvine DJ, Azzi JR. Regulatory T cells engineered with TCR signaling-responsive IL-2 nanogels suppress alloimmunity in sites of antigen encounter. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaaw4744. [PMID: 33177180 PMCID: PMC8519505 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer of ex vivo expanded regulatory T cells (Tregs) has shown immense potential in animal models of auto- and alloimmunity. However, the effective translation of such Treg therapies to the clinic has been slow. Because Treg homeostasis is known to require continuous T cell receptor (TCR) ligation and exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2), some investigators have explored the use of low-dose IL-2 injections to increase endogenous Treg responses. Systemic IL-2 immunotherapy, however, can also lead to the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, causing adverse therapeutic outcomes. Here, we describe a drug delivery platform, which can be engineered to autostimulate Tregs with IL-2 in response to TCR-dependent activation, and thus activate these cells in sites of antigen encounter. To this end, protein nanogels (NGs) were synthesized with cleavable bis(N-hydroxysuccinimide) cross-linkers and IL-2/Fc fusion (IL-2) proteins to form particles that release IL-2 under reducing conditions, as found at the surface of T cells receiving stimulation through the TCR. Tregs surface-conjugated with IL-2 NGs were found to have preferential, allograft-protective effects relative to unmodified Tregs or Tregs stimulated with systemic IL-2. We demonstrate that murine and human NG-modified Tregs carrying an IL-2 cargo perform better than conventional Tregs in suppressing alloimmunity in murine and humanized mouse allotransplantation models. In all, the technology presented in this study has the potential to improve Treg transfer therapy by enabling the regulated spatiotemporal provision of IL-2 to antigen-primed Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siawosh K Eskandari
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ina Sulkaj
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Na Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hazim Allos
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliano B Alhaddad
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Branislav Kollar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Arach S Eskandari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Max A Zinter
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Songjie Cai
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean Pierre Assaker
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Y Choi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Basmah S Al Dulaijan
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amr Mansouri
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yousef Haik
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Willem J van Son
- Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henri G D Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc A J Seelen
- Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jamil R Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Du B, Du Q, Bai Y, Yu L, Wang Y, Huang J, Zheng M, Shen G, Zhou J, Yao H. Chemotherapy based on "Domino-effect" combined with immunotherapy amplifying the efficacy of an anti-metastatic treatment. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9139-9150. [PMID: 32945310 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In tumor immunotherapy, Treg cells are immunosuppressive cells. In general, the main strategy of chemo immune-therapy for Treg cells is to eliminate them using chemotherapy drugs combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the dead Treg cells still exert immunosuppressive effects via the nucleoside adenosine pathway. To improve immunosuppression, we designed a nanosystem to deliver synthetic chemotherapeutics and immune activators. The homemade curcumin analog (CA) was encapsulated by α-lactalbumin (α-LA), and the Treg cell specific antibody (mAb), as a therapeutic agent, was linked to the drug-loaded protein via matrix metalloproteinase-responded peptide (P). After the cleavage peptide responded to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2), the CA@α-LA-P-mAb nanoparticles were separated into CA@α-LA and antibody, which can specifically enter cancer cells and Treg cells via membrane fusion and Nrp-1 receptors, respectively. Finally, we found that CA can not only lead to cell death by the chondriosome apoptosis approach but also reduce the production of Treg cells by inhibiting the expression of foxp3 (a key transcription factor of Treg cells). In addition, specific antibodies can improve the immunosuppression of existing Treg cells. The combined effect of CA and antibodies amplifies the role of chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Qian Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yimeng Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Lili Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yuehua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jingshu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Mei Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Guopeng Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Hanchun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China and Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Santos MF, Alexandre-Pires G, Pereira MA, Gomes L, Rodrigues AV, Basso A, Reisinho A, Meireles J, Santos-Gomes GM, Pereira da Fonseca I. Immunophenotyping of Peripheral Blood, Lymph Node, and Bone Marrow T Lymphocytes During Canine Leishmaniosis and the Impact of Antileishmanial Chemotherapy. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:375. [PMID: 32760744 PMCID: PMC7373748 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are a major reservoir of Leishmania infantum, etiological agent of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) a zoonotic visceral disease of worldwide concern. Therapeutic protocols based on antileishmanial drugs are commonly used to treat sick dogs and improve their clinical condition. To better understand the impact of Leishmania infection and antileishmanial drugs on the dog's immune response, this study investigates the profile of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood, lymph node, and bone marrow of sick dogs and after two different CanL treatments. Two CanL groups of six dogs each were treated with either miltefosine or meglumine antimoniate combined with allopurinol. Another group of 10 clinically healthy dogs was used as control. Upon diagnosis and during the following 3 months of treatment, peripheral blood, popliteal lymph node, and bone marrow mononuclear cells were collected, labeled for surface markers CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, and intracellular nuclear factor FoxP3, and T lymphocyte subpopulations were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. CanL dogs presented an overall increased frequency of CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells in all tissues and a decreased frequency of CD4+ T cells in the blood. Furthermore, there was a higher frequency of CD8+ T cells expressing CD25+FoxP3+ in the blood and bone marrow. During treatment, these subsets recovered to levels similar to those of healthy dogs. Nevertheless, antileishmanial therapy caused an increase of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells in all tissues, associated with the decrease of CD8+CD25−FoxP3− T cell percentages. These findings may support previous studies that indicate that L. infantum manipulates the dog's immune system to avoid the development of a protective response, ensuring the parasite's survival and the conditions that allow the completion of Leishmania life cycle. Both treatments used appear to have an effect on the dog's immune response, proving to be effective in promoting the normalization of T cell subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Ferreira Santos
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Alexandre-Pires
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria A Pereira
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova De Lisbon (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lídia Gomes
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Armanda V Rodrigues
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova De Lisbon (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Basso
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Reisinho
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Meireles
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriela M Santos-Gomes
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova De Lisbon (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Davoli-Ferreira M, de Lima KA, Fonseca MM, Guimarães RM, Gomes FI, Cavallini MC, Quadros AU, Kusuda R, Cunha FQ, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM. Regulatory T cells counteract neuropathic pain through inhibition of the Th1 response at the site of peripheral nerve injury. Pain 2020; 161:1730-1743. [PMID: 32701834 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory/immune response at the site of peripheral nerve injury participates in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, little is known about the local regulatory mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve injury that counteracts the development of pain. Here, we investigated the contribution of regulatory T (Treg) cells to the development of neuropathic pain by using a partial sciatic nerve ligation model in mice. We showed that Treg cells infiltrate and proliferate in the site of peripheral nerve injury. Local Treg cells suppressed the development of neuropathic pain mainly through the inhibition of the CD4 Th1 response. Treg cells also indirectly reduced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation at the level of the sensory ganglia. Finally, we identified IL-10 signaling as an intrinsic mechanism by which Treg cells counteract neuropathic pain development. These results revealed Treg cells as important inhibitory modulators of the immune response at the site of peripheral nerve injury that restrains the development of neuropathic pain. In conclusion, the boosting of Treg cell function/activity might be explored as a possible interventional approach to reduce neuropathic pain development after peripheral nerve damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Davoli-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Dr. de Lima is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States. Dr. Fonseca is now with the Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kalil A de Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Dr. de Lima is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States. Dr. Fonseca is now with the Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Miriam M Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela M Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco I Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Cavallini
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Dr. de Lima is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States. Dr. Fonseca is now with the Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Andreza U Quadros
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Kusuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu H, Steinberger Z, Wang L, Han R, Zhang Y, Hancock WW, Levin LS. Limited efficacy of rapamycin monotherapy in vascularized composite allotransplantation. Transpl Immunol 2020; 61:101308. [PMID: 32535143 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is a novel and life-enhancing procedure to restore a patient's function and/or appearance. Current immunosuppression in VCA recipients is based on calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) therapy that can lead to severe complications, such that inducing immune tolerance is a major goal of VCA research. In contrast to CNI, rapamycin (RPM) is thought to be beneficial to the development of immune tolerance by suppressing T-effector cells (Teffs) and expanding T-regulatory (Treg) cells. However, we found high dose RPM monotherapy prolonged VCA survival by only a few days, leading us to explore the mechanisms responsible. METHODS A mouse orthotopic forelimb transplantation model (BALB/c- > C57BL/6) was established using WT mice, as well as C57BL/6 recipients with conditional deletion of T-bet within their Treg cells. Events in untreated VCA recipients or those receiving RPM or FK506 therapy were analyzed by flow-cytometry, histopathology and real-time qPCR. RESULTS Therapy with RPM (2 mg/kg/d, p < .005) or FK506 (2 mg/kg/d, p < .005) each prolonged VCA survival. In contrast to FK506, RPM increased the ratio of splenic Treg to Teff cells (p < .05) by suppressing Teff and expanding Treg cells. While the proportion of activated splenic CD4 + Foxp3- T cells expressing IFN-γ were similar in control and RPM-treated groups, RPM decreased the proportions ICOS+ and CD8+ IFN-γ + splenic T cells. However, RPM also downregulated CXCR3+ expression by Tregs, and forelimb allografts had reduced infiltration by CXCR3+ Treg cells. In addition, allograft recipients whose Tregs lacked T-bet underwent accelerated rejection compared to WT mice despite RPM therapy. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that while RPM increased the ratio of Treg to Teff cells and suppressed CD8+ T cell allo-activation, it failed to prevent CD4 Teff cell activation and impaired CXCR3-dependent Treg graft homing, thereby limiting the efficacy of RPM in VCA recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Zvi Steinberger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transplant Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Rongxiang Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transplant Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transplant Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - L Scott Levin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Functional aspects of T cell diversity in visceral leishmaniasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|