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Reynolds L, Luo Z, Singh K. Diabetic complications and prospective immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1219598. [PMID: 37483613 PMCID: PMC10360133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus is increasing globally. Individuals who have been burdened with diabetes for many years often develop complications as a result of hyperglycemia. More and more research is being conducted highlighting inflammation as an important factor in disease progression. In all kinds of diabetes, hyperglycemia leads to activation of alternative glucose metabolic pathways, resulting in problematic by-products including reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end products. This review takes a look into the pathogenesis of three specific diabetic complications; retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy as well as their current treatment options. By considering recent research papers investigating the effects of immunotherapy on relevant conditions in animal models, multiple strategies are suggested for future treatment and prevention of diabetic complications with an emphasis on molecular targets associated with the inflammation.
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Wenger V, Zeiser R. Editorial: Current concepts of cellular and biological drugs to modulate regulatory T cell activity in the clinic, volume II. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221904. [PMID: 37383231 PMCID: PMC10294709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Wenger
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS) Freiburg and CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Cheng Y, Li L, Wei X, Xu F, Huang X, Qi F, Zhang Y, Li X. HNRNPC suppresses tumor immune microenvironment by activating Treg cells promoting the progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1830-1845. [PMID: 36718950 PMCID: PMC10154801 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune microenvironment could affect the biological progress in prostate cancer (PCa) through N6 methyl adenosine (m6A) methylation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the crosstalk between m6A methylation and immune microenvironment and explore potential biomarkers to improve the immunotherapeutic response. Firstly, according to 11 differentially expressed m6A genes between normal and tumor samples, PCa patients were divided into immune microenvironment subtype 1 (IMS1) and IMS2 based on m6A gene profiles extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. IMS2 showed an immune "cold" phenotype with worse prognoses, and HNRNPC was identified as the biomarker of IMS2 by the protein-protein interaction network. Furthermore, through bioinformatics analyses and in vitro experiments, we found that HNRNPC-high patients showed a suppressive immune-infiltrating tumor microenvironment with a higher infiltration of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Finally, we cocultured transfected PCa cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and verified that HNRNPC inhibits tumor immunity by elevating the activation of Treg cells and suppression of effector CD8 T cell. In conclusion, we identified a "cold" immune phenotype in PCa, and HNRNPC regulating the activation of Treg cells. Activation of the immune microenvironment through targeting HNRNPC may be a potential therapeutic option for advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Cheng
- Department of Urologic SurgeryJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug DevelopmentJiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd.NanjingChina
| | - Xiyi Wei
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- The State Key Lab of ReproductiveDepartment of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fan Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- Department of PathologyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Urologic SurgeryJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urologic SurgeryJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Scientific ResearchJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Li Z, Liang X, Chen X, Chen Y, Wang F, Wang S, Liao Y, Li L. The role of thymus- and extrathymus-derived regulatory T cells in maternal-fetal tolerance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1109352. [PMID: 36817424 PMCID: PMC9932773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1109352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells could be divided into thymus-derived Treg (tTreg) cells and peripherally derived Treg (pTreg) cells, and in vitro induced Treg (iTreg) cells. To date, the functions of tTreg versus pTreg and their relative contributions to maternal-fetal immune tolerance remain insufficiently defined due to a lack of a specific marker to distinguish tTreg cells from pTreg cells. In this study, we investigated the role of thymus- and extrathymus-derived Treg cells in pregnancy tolerance using transgenic ACT-mOVA, Foxp3DTR and Foxp3GFP mice, and Treg cell adoptive transfer, etc. We found that the frequencies of Treg cells in the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes (LNs) in either syngeneically- or allogeneically-mated pregnant mice were not different from non-pregnant mice. However, percentages of blood Treg cells in pregnant mice increased at mid-gestation, and percentages of decidua Treg cells in pregnant mice increased as the pregnancy progressed compared with non-pregnant mice, and were significantly higher in allogeneic mice than those in syngeneic group. Compared with syngeneic mice, levels of CCR2 and CCR6 on blood and decidua Treg cells and CCL12 in the decidua significantly increased in allogeneic mice. A surrogate fetal antigen mOVA that was recognized by naïve T cells from OT-IIFoxp3GFP mice induced the generation of pTreg cells in vivo. Transfusion of thymus and spleen Treg cells significantly decreased diphtheria toxin (DT)-increased embryo resorption rates (ERRs) and IFN-γ levels in the blood and decidua. iTreg cells also decreased ERRs and IFN-γ levels in the blood and decidua to an extent lower than thymus and spleen Treg cells. In conclusion, increased blood and decidua Treg cells in pregnancy and increased ERRs in DT-treated Foxp3DTR mice suggest an important immunosuppressive role of Treg cells in pregnancy. Elevated decidua Treg cells in pregnancy could be derived from the recruitment of tTreg cells to the decidua, or from the transformation of naïve T cells in the decidua to pTreg cells. While the immune-suppression effects of thymus and spleen Treg cells are comparable, iTreg cells might play a weaker role in maternal-fetal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuoshi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Liping Li
- *Correspondence: Liping Li, ; Yihong Liao,
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Minohara K, Imai M, Matoba T, Wing JB, Shime H, Odanaka M, Uraki R, Kawakita D, Toyama T, Takahashi S, Morita A, Murakami S, Ohkura N, Sakaguchi S, Iwasaki S, Yamazaki S. Mature dendritic cells enriched in regulatory molecules may control regulatory T cells and the prognosis of head and neck cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:1256-1269. [PMID: 36529525 PMCID: PMC10067395 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing CTLA-4 on the cell surface are abundant in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The role of expanded Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment of HNSCC remains unclear. In this study, we reveal that the tumor microenvironment of HNSCC is characterized by the high expression of genes related to Treg cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and interleukin (IL)-17-related molecules. Increased expression of IL17A, IL17F, or IL23A contributes to a favorable prognosis of HNSCC. In the tumor microenvironment of HNSCC, IL23A and IL12B are expressed in mature dendritic cells enriched in regulatory molecules (mregDCs). The mregDCs in HNSCC are a migratory and mature phenotype; their signature genes strongly correlate with Treg signature genes in HNSCC. We also observed that IL17A was highly expressed in Th17 cells and exhausted CD8+ T cells in HNSCC. These data suggest that mregDCs in HNSCC may contribute to the prognosis by balancing Treg cells and effector T cells that produce IL-17. Targeting mregDCs may be a novel strategy for developing new immune therapies against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Minohara
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuma Matoba
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - James Badger Wing
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Immunology), Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Human Single Cell Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shime
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mizuyu Odanaka
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryuta Uraki
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawakita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toyama
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naganari Ohkura
- Department of Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Frontier Research in Tumor Immunology, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Iwasaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yamazaki
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Liu L, Yan H, Wang Y, Xie Y, Jiang L, Zhao J, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. Decreased absolute number of peripheral regulatory T cells in patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012513. [PMID: 36524110 PMCID: PMC9744965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In order to determine whether the immune balance of T helper 17(Th17)/regulatory T(Treg) is related to the pathogenesis of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRPF), we analyzed the differences in peripheral blood lymphocytes, CD4+T cell subsets and cytokines between patients with IRPF and healthy people to clarify the CD4+T cell subsets, especially Treg cell subsets, and the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of IRPF. Methods This study included 22 patients with IRPF, 36 patients with IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) without retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), and 28 healthy controls. The absolute numbers and percentage of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and CD4+T cell subsets in each group were detected by flow cytometry, and the serum cytokine level was detected by flow cytometric bead array (CBA). Results Compared with the healthy group, the absolute value of B cells in peripheral blood of IRPF patients was significantly decreased, and T, natural killer (NK), CD4+ and CD8+ were not significantly abnormal. The absolute numbers of Th2 cells were lower than healthy group(p=0.043). In particular, the absolute numbers of Treg cells were significantly lower than healthy group(p<0.001), while the absolute numbers of Th17 cells increased(p=0.682). Th17/Treg was significantly higher than healthy group (p< 0.001). Cytokine analysis showed that the level of interleukin (IL)-4 in IRPF patients was higher than healthy group(p=0.011), IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly higher than healthy group (all p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that IL-10 and TNF-α could distinguish bilateral ureteral dilatation in IRPF patients, with areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of 0.813 (95% CI:0.607-1.000, p=0.026) and 0.950 (95% CI:0.856-1.000, p=0.001), respectively. IL-6 could distinguish bilateral ureteral obstruction, with an AUC of 0.861 (95% CI: 0.682-1.000, p=0.015). Conclusions Our study showed that IRPF patients had reduced Treg cells and indeed had Th17/Treg imbalance, which may be related to the pathogenesis of the disease. The levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α appear to be associated with the progression of IRPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuhuan Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinfang Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China,*Correspondence: Caihong Wang,
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Fan L, Wu J, Wang H, Chen Q, He X, Wang Q, Yang Z. METTL3-Mediated N6-Methyladenosine Methylation Modifies Foxp3 mRNA Levels and Affects the Treg Cells Proportion in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Asthma. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2022; 52:884-894. [PMID: 36564065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effect and mechanism of methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3)-mediated N6-methyladenosine methylation (m6A) on forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) levels and the proportion of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the peripheral blood of patients with asthma. METHODS Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to detect the differences in the proportions of Treg cells and serum interleukins (ILs) 4 and 7, respectively, in the peripheral blood between healthy individuals and patients with different asthma conditions. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively, of METTL3 and Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood samples of different groups. M6A blot and m6A coimmunoprecipitation-PCR were used to detect the global and Foxp3 mRNA m6A levels, respectively, in the peripheral blood CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells collected from the peripheral blood of patients with asthma were subjected to in vitro transfection to knockdown the METTL3 levels and observe changes in the Foxp3 mRNA, protein, m6A levels, and RNA stability. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to detect the changes in the Treg cell proportion and IL-4 and IL-17 levels in the cell culture supernatant. RESULTS Compared with the healthy individuals, the ratio of Treg cells to peripheral blood CD4+ T cells was significantly decreased and the Foxp3 mRNA and protein expression was downregulated in patients with asthma with disease progression. The Foxp3 mRNA and protein expression levels were positively correlated with the Treg cell proportion and negatively correlated with IL-17 expression. The global and Foxp3 mRNA m6A levels were increased in the peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of patients with asthma. METTL3 expression was significantly higher in the peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of patients with asthma compared with healthy individuals. After METTL3 knockdown, the Foxp3 mRNA m6A level was reduced, and the stability of Foxp3 mRNA and protein expression was increased. YTHDF2 could bind to the m6A site in 3'UTR of Foxp3 mRNA. Knockdown of YTHDF2 regulated the level and stability of Foxp3 mRNA. METTL3 knockdown reduced the ratio of Treg cells to CD4+ T cells and the IL-4 and IL-17 secretion levels from CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with asthma. CONCLUSIONS High METTL3 expression in the peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of patients with asthma increased the m6A level and reduced the stability of Foxp3 mRNA in a YTHDF2-dependent way, thereby reducing the expression of Foxp3 and the proportion of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxia Fan
- Department of Respiration for Cadres, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiqiang Wu
- Department of Respiration for Cadres, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Respiration for Cadres, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qizhang Chen
- Department of Respiration for Cadres, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Respiration for Cadres, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Respiration for Cadres, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhian Yang
- Department of Respiration for Cadres, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Ogbechi J, Huang YS, Clanchy FIL, Pantazi E, Topping LM, Darlington LG, Williams RO, Stone TW. Modulation of immune cell function, IDO expression and kynurenine production by the quorum sensor 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001956. [PMID: 36389710 PMCID: PMC9650388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many invasive micro-organisms produce 'quorum sensor' molecules which regulate colony expansion and may modulate host immune responses. We have examined the ability of Pseudomonas Quorum Sensor (PQS) to influence cytokine expression under conditions of inflammatory stress. The administration of PQS in vivo to mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) increased the severity of disease. Blood and inflamed paws from treated mice had fewer regulatory T cells (Tregs) but normal numbers of Th17 cells. However, PQS (1μM) treatment of antigen-stimulated lymph node cells from collagen-immunised mice in vitro inhibited the differentiation of CD4+IFNγ+ cells, with less effect on CD4+IL-17+ cells and no change in CD4+FoxP3+Tregs. PQS also inhibited T cell activation by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies. PQS reduced murine macrophage polarisation and inhibited expression of IL1B and IL6 genes in murine macrophages and human THP-1 cells. In human monocyte-derived macrophages, IDO1 gene, protein and enzyme activity were all inhibited by exposure to PQS. TNF gene expression was inhibited in THP-1 cells but not murine macrophages, while LPS-induced TNF protein release was increased by high PQS concentrations. PQS is known to have iron scavenging activity and its suppression of cytokine release was abrogated by iron supplementation. Unexpectedly, PQS decreased the expression of indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase genes (IDO1 and IDO2), IDO1 protein expression and enzyme activity in mouse and human macrophages. This is consistent with evidence that IDO1 inhibition or deletion exacerbates arthritis, while kynurenine reduces its severity. It is suggested that the inhibition of IDO1 and cytokine expression may contribute to the quorum sensor and invasive actions of PQS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ogbechi
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Felix I. L. Clanchy
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Pantazi
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M. Topping
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The quest to understand how allogeneic transplanted tissue is not rejected and how tolerance is induced led to fundamental concepts in immunology. First, we review the research that led to the Clonal Deletion theory in the late 1950s that has since dominated the field of immunology and transplantation. At that time many basic mechanisms of immune response were unknown, including the role of lymphocytes and T cells in rejection. These original observations are reassessed by considering T regulatory cells that are produced by thymus of neonates to prevent autoimmunity. Second, we review "operational tolerance" induced in adult rodents and larger animals such as pigs. This can occur spontaneously especially with liver allografts, but also can develop after short courses of a variety of rejection inhibiting therapies. Over time these animals develop alloantigen specific tolerance to the graft but retain the capacity to reject third-party grafts. These animals have a "split tolerance" as peripheral lymphocytes from these animals respond to donor alloantigen in graft versus host assays and in mixed lymphocyte cultures, indicating there is no clonal deletion. Investigation of this phenomenon excludes many mechanisms, including anti-donor antibody blocking rejection as well as anti-idiotypic responses mediated by antibody or T cells. This split tolerance is transferred to a second immune-depleted host by T cells that retain the capacity to effect rejection of third-party grafts by the same host. Third, we review research on alloantigen specific inhibitory T cells that led to the first identification of the CD4+CD25+T regulatory cell. The key role of T cell derived cytokines, other than IL-2, in promoting survival and expansion of antigen specific T regulatory cells that mediate transplant tolerance is reviewed. The precise methods for inducing and diagnosing operational tolerance remain to be defined, but antigen specific T regulatory cells are key mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M. Hall
- Immune Tolerance Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Ingham Institute, and Renal Service and Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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10
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Liu L, Hu J, Wang Y, Lei H, Xu D. The role and research progress of the balance and interaction between regulatory T cells and other immune cells in obesity with insulin resistance. Adipocyte 2021; 10:66-79. [PMID: 33472506 PMCID: PMC7834085 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1876375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue plays a major role in obesity-related insulin resistance (IR). Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been recorded to regulate metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue. However, their specific mechanism is not yet known. This review aims to present the role of Treg cells and other immune cells in obesity-associated IR, focusing on the balance of numbers and functions of Treg cells and other immune cells as well as the crucial role of their interactions in maintaining adipose tissue homoeostasis. Th1 cells, Th17 cells, CD8+ T cells, and pro-inflammatory macrophages mediate the occurrence of obesity and IR by antagonizing Treg cells, while anti-inflammatory dendritic cells, eosinophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate the metabolic homoeostasis of adipose tissue by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of Treg cells. γ δ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have complex effects on Treg cells, and their roles in obesity-associated IR are controversial. The balance of Treg cells and other immune cells can help maintain the metabolic homoeostasis of adipose tissue. Further research needs to explore more specific molecular mechanisms, thus providing more precise directions for the treatment of obesity with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Reading JL, Roobrouck VD, Hull CM, Becker PD, Beyens J, Valentin-Torres A, Boardman D, Lamperti EN, Stubblefield S, Lombardi G, Deans R, Ting AE, Tree T. Augmented Expansion of Treg Cells From Healthy and Autoimmune Subjects via Adult Progenitor Cell Co-Culture. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716606. [PMID: 34539651 PMCID: PMC8442662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical experience has demonstrated that adoptive regulatory T (Treg) cell therapy is a safe and feasible strategy to suppress immunopathology via induction of host tolerance to allo- and autoantigens. However, clinical trials continue to be compromised due to an inability to manufacture a sufficient Treg cell dose. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCⓇ) promote Treg cell differentiation in vitro, suggesting they may be repurposed to enhance ex vivo expansion of Tregs for adoptive cellular therapy. Here, we use a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compatible Treg expansion platform to demonstrate that MAPC cell-co-cultured Tregs (MulTreg) exhibit a log-fold increase in yield across two independent cohorts, reducing time to target dose by an average of 30%. Enhanced expansion is coupled to a distinct Treg cell-intrinsic transcriptional program characterized by elevated expression of replication-related genes (CDK1, PLK1, CDC20), downregulation of progenitor and lymph node-homing molecules (LEF1 CCR7, SELL) and induction of intestinal and inflammatory tissue migratory markers (ITGA4, CXCR1) consistent with expression of a gut homing (CCR7lo β7hi) phenotype. Importantly, we find that MulTreg are more readily expanded from patients with autoimmune disease compared to matched Treg lines, suggesting clinical utility in gut and/or T helper type1 (Th1)-driven pathology associated with autoimmunity or transplantation. Relative to expanded Tregs, MulTreg retain equivalent and robust purity, FoxP3 Treg-Specific Demethylated Region (TSDR) demethylation, nominal effector cytokine production and potent suppression of Th1-driven antigen specific and polyclonal responses in vitro and xeno Graft vs Host Disease (xGvHD) in vivo. These data support the use of MAPC cell co-culture in adoptive Treg therapy platforms as a means to rescue expansion failure and reduce the time required to manufacture a stable, potently suppressive product.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Reading
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,King's College London Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Caroline M Hull
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Daniel Becker
- King's College London Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jelle Beyens
- Department of R&D, ReGenesys BV, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dominic Boardman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Estefania Nova Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | | | - Giovanna Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Deans
- Department of R&D, ReGenesys BV, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of R&D, Athersys Inc., Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anthony E Ting
- Department of R&D, Athersys Inc., Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Timothy Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Jacobse J, Li J, Rings EHHM, Samsom JN, Goettel JA. Intestinal Regulatory T Cells as Specialized Tissue-Restricted Immune Cells in Intestinal Immune Homeostasis and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716499. [PMID: 34421921 PMCID: PMC8371910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are a specialized population of CD4+ T cells that restrict immune activation and are essential to prevent systemic autoimmunity. In the intestine, the major function of Treg cells is to regulate inflammation as shown by a wide array of mechanistic studies in mice. While Treg cells originating from the thymus can home to the intestine, the majority of Treg cells residing in the intestine are induced from FOXP3neg conventional CD4+ T cells to elicit tolerogenic responses to microbiota and food antigens. This process largely takes place in the gut draining lymph nodes via interaction with antigen-presenting cells that convert circulating naïve T cells into Treg cells. Notably, dysregulation of Treg cells leads to a number of chronic inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, understanding intestinal Treg cell biology in settings of inflammation and homeostasis has the potential to improve therapeutic options for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Here, the induction, maintenance, trafficking, and function of intestinal Treg cells is reviewed in the context of intestinal inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review we propose intestinal Treg cells do not compose fixed Treg cell subsets, but rather (like T helper cells), are plastic and can adopt different programs depending on microenvironmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jacobse
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Edmond H. H. M. Rings
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janneke N. Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeremy A. Goettel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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13
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Sato K, Yamashita-Kanemaru Y, Abe F, Murata R, Nakamura-Shinya Y, Kanemaru K, Muratani M, Veillette A, Goto M, Ito M, Shibuya A, Shibuya K. DNAM-1 regulates Foxp3 expression in regulatory T cells by interfering with TIGIT under inflammatory conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2021309118. [PMID: 34011606 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021309118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells that express forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) are pivotal for immune tolerance. Although inflammatory mediators cause Foxp3 instability and Treg cell dysfunction, their regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that the transfer of Treg cells deficient in the activating immunoreceptor DNAM-1 ameliorated the development of graft-versus-host disease better than did wild-type Treg cells. We found that DNAM-1 competes with T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) in binding to their common ligand CD155 and therefore regulates TIGIT signaling to down-regulate Treg cell function without DNAM-1-mediated intracellular signaling. DNAM-1 deficiency augments TIGIT signaling; this subsequently inhibits activation of the protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway, resulting in the maintenance of Foxp3 expression and Treg cell function under inflammatory conditions. These findings demonstrate that DNAM-1 regulates Treg cell function via TIGIT signaling and thus, it is a potential molecular target for augmenting Treg function in inflammatory diseases.
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14
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Bourhis M, Palle J, Galy-Fauroux I, Terme M. Direct and Indirect Modulation of T Cells by VEGF-A Counteracted by Anti-Angiogenic Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616837. [PMID: 33854498 PMCID: PMC8039365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A is known to play a central role in tumor angiogenesis. Several studies showed that VEGF-A is also an immunosuppressive factor. In tumor-bearing hosts, VEGF-A can modulate immune cells (DC, MDSC, TAM) to induce the accumulation of regulatory T-cells while simultaneously inhibiting T-cell functions. Furthermore, VEGFR-2 expression on activated T-cells and FoxP3high regulatory T-cells also allow a direct effect of VEGF-A. Anti-angiogenic agents targeting VEGF-A/VEGFR contribute to limit tumor-induced immunosuppression. Based on interesting preclinical studies, many clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the efficacy of anti-VEGF-A/VEGFR treatments combined with immune checkpoint blockade leading to the approvement of these associations in different tumor locations. In this review, we focus on the impact of VEGF-A on immune cells especially regulatory and effector T-cells and different therapeutic strategies to restore an antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliette Palle
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Department of GI Oncology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | | - Magali Terme
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
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15
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Meng J, Ma Q, Hao Z, Zheng M, Zhang L, Chen X, Liang C. Activated autophagy restored the impaired frequency and function of regulatory T cells in chronic prostatitis. Prostate 2021; 81:29-40. [PMID: 33085775 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a disease with an unclear pathogenesis. Recent studies have reported that regulatory T (Treg) cells might be involved in the development of CP/CPPS. In this study we aimed to examine the functional role of Treg cells and explore the possible regulatory mechanism of Treg cells in CP/CPPS. METHODS An experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mouse model was constructed; the numbers and functions of Treg cells in the EAP and control groups were tested. Then, cell differentiation experiments were conducted to evaluate the regulatory effect of autophagy on Treg cell differentiation. Furthermore, autologous CD4+ CD25- cells and CD4+ CD25+ cells from the two groups were magnetically sorted and cocultured to observe differences in cellular inhibitory functions. Finally, in an in vivo experiment, rapamycin was intraperitoneally injected into EAP mice for 4 weeks to observe the therapeutic effects. RESULTS We found that the number and function of Treg cells in the EAP group were diminished compared to those in the control group. Meanwhile, the tolerance of pain in EAP mice had also decreased. Moreover, after using the autophagy activator rapamycin, the expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β was decreased and the pain symptoms were alleviated. A mechanistic study found that autophagy activation promoted the differentiation of Treg and increased the suppressive functions of Treg cells, along with the elevated expression of GATA-3 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Furthermore, in vivo administration of the autophagy activator rapamycin had similar effects on recovering the frequency and function of Treg cells as well as the expression of GATA-3 and CTLA-4. CONCLUSION The impaired frequency and function of Treg cells may contribute to the progression of CP/CPPS, and autophagy is a protective mechanism that promotes the differentiation of Treg cells and restores the suppressive functions of Treg cells. Autophagy may be a novel therapeutic option for patients with CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingqing Ma
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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16
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Santos MF, Alexandre-Pires G, Pereira MA, Gomes L, Rodrigues AV, Basso A, Reisinho A, Meireles J, Santos-Gomes GM, Pereira da Fonseca I. Immunophenotyping of Peripheral Blood, Lymph Node, and Bone Marrow T Lymphocytes During Canine Leishmaniosis and the Impact of Antileishmanial Chemotherapy. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:375. [PMID: 32760744 PMCID: PMC7373748 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are a major reservoir of Leishmania infantum, etiological agent of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) a zoonotic visceral disease of worldwide concern. Therapeutic protocols based on antileishmanial drugs are commonly used to treat sick dogs and improve their clinical condition. To better understand the impact of Leishmania infection and antileishmanial drugs on the dog's immune response, this study investigates the profile of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood, lymph node, and bone marrow of sick dogs and after two different CanL treatments. Two CanL groups of six dogs each were treated with either miltefosine or meglumine antimoniate combined with allopurinol. Another group of 10 clinically healthy dogs was used as control. Upon diagnosis and during the following 3 months of treatment, peripheral blood, popliteal lymph node, and bone marrow mononuclear cells were collected, labeled for surface markers CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, and intracellular nuclear factor FoxP3, and T lymphocyte subpopulations were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. CanL dogs presented an overall increased frequency of CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells in all tissues and a decreased frequency of CD4+ T cells in the blood. Furthermore, there was a higher frequency of CD8+ T cells expressing CD25+FoxP3+ in the blood and bone marrow. During treatment, these subsets recovered to levels similar to those of healthy dogs. Nevertheless, antileishmanial therapy caused an increase of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells in all tissues, associated with the decrease of CD8+CD25−FoxP3− T cell percentages. These findings may support previous studies that indicate that L. infantum manipulates the dog's immune system to avoid the development of a protective response, ensuring the parasite's survival and the conditions that allow the completion of Leishmania life cycle. Both treatments used appear to have an effect on the dog's immune response, proving to be effective in promoting the normalization of T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Ferreira Santos
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Alexandre-Pires
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria A Pereira
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova De Lisbon (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lídia Gomes
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Armanda V Rodrigues
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova De Lisbon (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Basso
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Reisinho
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Meireles
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriela M Santos-Gomes
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova De Lisbon (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Abstract
In pregnancy, the semi-allogeneic fetus needs to be tolerated by the mother's immune system. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a prominent role in this process. Novel technologies allow for in-depth phenotyping of previously unidentified immune cell subsets, which has resulted in the appreciation of a vast heterogeneity of Treg subsets. Similar to other immunological events, there appears to be great diversity within the Treg population during pregnancy, both at the maternal-fetal interface as in the peripheral blood. Different Treg subsets have distinct phenotypes and various ways of functioning. Furthermore, the frequency of individual Treg subsets varies throughout gestation and is altered in aberrant pregnancies. This suggests that distinct Treg subsets play a role at different time points of gestation and that their role in maintaining healthy pregnancy is crucial, as reflected for instance by their reduced frequency in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Since pregnancy is essential for the existence of mankind, multiple immune regulatory mechanisms and cell types are likely at play to assure successful pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to understand the complete microenvironment of the decidua, preferably in the context of the whole immune cell repertoire of the pregnant woman. So far, most studies have focused on a single mechanism or cell type, which often is the FoxP3 positive regulatory T cell when studying immune regulation. In this review, we instead focus on the contribution of FoxP3 negative Treg subsets to the decidual microenvironment and their possible role in pregnancy complications. Their phenotype, function, and effect in pregnancy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Krop
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans H J Claas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael Eikmans
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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18
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Wei X, He L, Wang X, Lin M, Dai J. Effects of dasatinib on CD8 +T, Th1, and Treg cells in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519877321. [PMID: 31578901 PMCID: PMC7607186 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519877321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) dasatinib on T-cell subtypes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). METHODS T helper (Th) 1, Th2, regulatory T (Treg), and CD8+T cell levels were detected in patients with CML (n = 9) before and after dasatinib treatment. The corresponding response level at the time of a blood test was evaluated. RESULTS After dasatinib treatment, six patients achieved a better response level, while three did not show improved response levels. Among the total nine patients, there were no significant differences in Th1, Th2, and Treg cell levels, whereas CD8+T cell levels were significantly increased after dasatinib treatment compared with before treatment. When we analyzed the six patients who obtained a better response level, Th1 and CD8+T cell levels were significantly increased after dasatinib treatment, but Th2 and Treg cell levels did not change. The other three patients who did not have improved response levels showed decreased Th1 cell levels and increased Treg cell levels after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Dasatinib may increase Th1 and CD8+T cell levels, and decrease Treg cell levels in patients with CML. This finding might be associated with a good therapeutic response to this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wei
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan
Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic
Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lin He
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan
Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic
Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan
Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic
Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | | | - Jingying Dai
- Jingying Dai, Sichuan Academy of Medical
Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine of
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan
Province 610072, China.
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19
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Abstract
Therapeutic treatment of bleeds with FVIII can lead to an antibody response that effectively inhibits its function. Herein, we review the factors that contribute to this immunogenicity and possible ways to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Scott
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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20
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Marcovecchio GE, Bortolomai I, Ferrua F, Fontana E, Imberti L, Conforti E, Amodio D, Bergante S, Macchiarulo G, D'Oria V, Conti F, Di Cesare S, Fousteri G, Carotti A, Giamberti A, Poliani PL, Notarangelo LD, Cancrini C, Villa A, Bosticardo M. Thymic Epithelium Abnormalities in DiGeorge and Down Syndrome Patients Contribute to Dysregulation in T Cell Development. Front Immunol 2019; 10:447. [PMID: 30949166 PMCID: PMC6436073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus plays a fundamental role in establishing and maintaining central and peripheral tolerance and defects in thymic architecture or AIRE expression result in the development of autoreactive lymphocytes. Patients with partial DiGeorge Syndrome (pDGS) and Down Syndrome (DS) present alterations in size and architecture of the thymus and higher risk to develop autoimmunity. We sought to evaluate thymic architecture and thymocyte development in DGS and DS patients and to determine the extent to which thymic defects result in immune dysregulation and T cell homeostasis perturbation in these patients. Thymi from pediatric patients and age-matched controls were obtained to evaluate cortex and medullary compartments, AIRE expression and thymocyte development. In the same patients we also characterized immunophenotype of peripheral T cells. Phenotypic and functional characterization of thymic and peripheral regulatory T (Treg) cells was finally assessed. Histologic analysis revealed peculiar alterations in thymic medulla size and maturation in DGS and DS patients. Perturbed distribution of thymocytes and altered thymic output was also observed. DGS patients showed lower mature CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequency, associated with reduced proportion and function of Tregs both in thymus and peripheral blood. DS patients showed increased frequency of single positive (SP) thymocytes and thymic Treg cells. However, Tregs isolated both from thymus and peripheral blood of DS patients showed reduced suppressive ability. Our results provide novel insights on thymic defects associated with DGS and DS and their impact on peripheral immune dysregulation. Indeed, thymic abnormalities and defect in thymocyte development, in particular in Treg cell number and function could contribute in the pathogenesis of the immunodysregulation present in pDGS and in DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genni Enza Marcovecchio
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ileana Bortolomai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,The Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrua
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- The Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Laboratorio CREA (Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL), ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Erika Conforti
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS San Donato Milanese Hospital, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Amodio
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Bergante
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Macchiarulo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica D'Oria
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS San Donato Milanese Hospital, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Conti
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Cesare
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgia Fousteri
- Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriano Carotti
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Bambino Gesú Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giamberti
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, IDGS, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,The Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, IDGS, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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21
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Cari L, De Rosa F, Nocentini G, Riccardi C. Context-Dependent Effect of Glucocorticoids on the Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis of Regulatory T Cells: A Review of the Empirical Evidence and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1142. [PMID: 30845709 PMCID: PMC6429178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat several diseases because of their powerful anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on immune cells and non-lymphoid tissues. The effects of GCs on T cells are the most relevant in this regard. In this review, we analyze how GCs modulate the survival, maturation, and differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets into both murine models and humans. In this way, GCs change the Treg cell number with an impact on the mid-term and long-term efficacy of GC treatment. In vitro studies suggest that the GC-dependent expansion of Treg cells is relevant when they are activated. In agreement with this observation, the GC treatment of patients with established autoimmune, allergic, or (auto)inflammatory diseases causes an expansion of Treg cells. An exception to this appears to be the local GC treatment of psoriatic lesions. Moreover, the effects on Treg number in patients with multiple sclerosis are uncertain. The effects of GCs on Treg cell number in healthy/diseased subjects treated with or exposed to allergens/antigens appear to be context-dependent. Considering the relevance of this effect in the maturation of the immune system (tolerogenic response to antigens), the success of vaccination (including desensitization), and the tolerance to xenografts, the findings must be considered when planning GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia I-06129, Italy.
| | - Francesca De Rosa
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia I-06129, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia I-06129, Italy.
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia I-06129, Italy.
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22
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Biagioli M, Capobianco D, Carino A, Marchianò S, Fiorucci C, Ricci P, Distrutti E, Fiorucci S. Divergent Effectiveness of Multispecies Probiotic Preparations on Intestinal Microbiota Structure Depends on Metabolic Properties. Nutrients 2019; 11:E325. [PMID: 30717413 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that probiotic functionality is not accurately predicted by their taxonomy. Here, we have set up a study to investigate the effectiveness of two probiotic formulations containing a blend of seven bacterial species in modulating intestinal inflammation in two rodent models of colitis, induced by treating mice with 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Despite the taxonomy of the bacterial species in the two probiotic formulations being similar, only one preparation (Blend 2-Vivomixx) effectively attenuated the development of colitis in both models. In the TNBS model of colitis, Blend 2 reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes while increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, promoting the expansion M2 macrophages and the formation of IL-10-producing Treg cells in the colon's lamina propria. In the DSS model of colitis, disease attenuation and Treg formation was observed only in mice administered with Blend 2, and this effect was associated with intestinal microbiota remodeling and increased formation of lactate, butyrate, and propionate. None of these effects were observed in mice administered with Blend 1 (VSL#3). In summary, we have shown that two probiotic mixtures obtained by combining taxonomically similar species produced with different manufacturing methods exert divergent effects in mouse models of colitis.
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23
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Dawod B, Marshall JS. Cytokines and Soluble Receptors in Breast Milk as Enhancers of Oral Tolerance Development. Front Immunol 2019; 10:16. [PMID: 30723472 PMCID: PMC6349727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The postpartum period is an important window during which environmental factors can shape the life-long health of the infant. This time period often coincides with substantial milk consumption either in the form of breast milk or from cow's milk sources, such as infant formulas. Although breast milk is the most beneficial source of nutrients for infants during the first 6 months after birth, its role in regulating food allergy development, through regulation of oral tolerance, is still controversial. Breast milk contains several factors that can impact mucosal immune function, including immune cells, antibodies, microbiota, oligosaccharides, cytokines, and soluble receptors. However, there is considerable variation in the assessed levels of cytokines and soluble receptors between studies and across the lactation period. Most of these cytokines and soluble receptors are absent, or only found in limited quantities, in commercial baby formulas. Differences in content of these pluripotent factors, which impact on both the mother and the neonate, could contribute to the controversy surrounding the role of breast milk regulating oral tolerance. This review highlights current knowledge about the importance of cytokines and soluble receptors in breast milk on the development of oral tolerance and tolerance-relateddisorders. Understanding the mechanisms by which such milk components might promote oral tolerance could aid in the development of improved strategies for allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Dawod
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean S Marshall
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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24
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Lippens C, Garnier L, Guyonvarc'h PM, Santiago-Raber ML, Hugues S. Extended Freeze-Dried BCG Instructed pDCs Induce Suppressive Tregs and Dampen EAE. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2777. [PMID: 30555468 PMCID: PMC6281986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several clinical observations have shown that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has beneficial impact on patients suffering from different chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we evaluated whether BCG inactivated by Extended Freeze-Drying (EFD) which circumvents all the side effects linked to the live bacteria, could influence the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for Multiple Sclerosis. EFD BCG strongly attenuates inflammation, both systemically and at the central nervous system (CNS) level, alleviating EAE. Mechanistically, EFD BCG directly impacts the phenotype of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and promotes their ability to induce suppressive IL-10 secreting regulatory T cells (Tregs) that inhibit encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells. When co-cultured with human allogenic naive CD4+ T cells, EFD BCG exposed human pDCs similarly induce the differentiation of IL-10 producing Tregs. Our study provides evidence that EFD BCG could be used as an immunomodulator of encephalitogenic T cells in multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lippens
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laure Garnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Araujo Furlan CL, Tosello Boari J, Rodriguez C, Canale FP, Fiocca Vernengo F, Boccardo S, Beccaria CG, Adoue V, Joffre O, Gruppi A, Montes CL, Acosta Rodriguez EV. Limited Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells Response During Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Is Required to Allow the Emergence of Robust Parasite-Specific CD8 + T Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2555. [PMID: 30455700 PMCID: PMC6230662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is now acknowledged that CD4+ T cells expressing CD25 and Foxp3 (Treg cells) regulate immune responses and, consequently, influence the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, the regulatory response mediated by Treg cells upon infection by Trypanosoma cruzi was still poorly characterized. In order to understand the role of Treg cells during infection by this protozoan parasite, we determined in time and space the magnitude of the regulatory response and the phenotypic, functional and transcriptional features of the Treg cell population in infected mice. Contrary to the accumulation of Treg cells reported in most chronic infections in mice and humans, experimental T. cruzi infection was characterized by sustained numbers but decreased relative frequency of Treg cells. The reduction in Treg cell frequency resulted from a massive accumulation of effector immune cells, and inversely correlated with the magnitude of the effector immune response as well as with emergence of acute immunopathology. In order to understand the causes underlying the marked reduction in Treg cell frequency, we evaluated the dynamics of the Treg cell population and found a low proliferation rate and limited accrual of peripheral Treg cells during infection. We also observed that Treg cells became activated and acquired a phenotypic and transcriptional profile consistent with suppression of type 1 inflammatory responses. To assess the biological relevance of the relative reduction in Treg cells frequency observed during T. cruzi infection, we transferred in vitro differentiated Treg cells at early moments, when the deregulation of the ratio between regulatory and conventional T cells becomes significant. Intravenous injection of Treg cells dampened parasite-specific CD8+ T cell immunity and affected parasite control in blood and tissues. Altogether, our results show that limited Treg cell response during the acute phase of T. cruzi infection enables the emergence of protective anti-parasite CD8+ T cell immunity and critically influences host resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia L Araujo Furlan
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jimena Tosello Boari
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando P Canale
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Facundo Fiocca Vernengo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Boccardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristian G Beccaria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Véronique Adoue
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Joffre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina L Montes
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V Acosta Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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26
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Shin JU, Kim SH, Noh JY, Kim JH, Kim HR, Jeong KY, Park KH, Lee J, Chu H, Lee JH, Yong TS, Park JW, Lee KH. Allergen-specific immunotherapy induces regulatory T cells in an atopic dermatitis mouse model. Allergy 2018; 73:1801-1811. [PMID: 29679487 DOI: 10.1111/all.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated that allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) can be an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD). However, there is no relevant mouse model to investigate the mechanism and validate the novel modality of SIT in AD. METHODS NC/Nga mice with induced AD-like skin lesions received a subcutaneous injection of SIT (an extract of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae [DfE]) or placebo for 5 weeks). Clinical and histological improvements of AD-like skin lesions were examined. The responses of local and systemic regulatory T (Treg) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, serum immunoglobulin, and T-cell cytokine response to DfE were evaluated to determine the underlying mechanism of the observed results. RESULTS Specific immunotherapy significantly improved AD-like skin lesions. Histologically, SIT decreased epidermal thickness and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, especially that of eosinophils. Concomitantly, SIT suppressed Th2 responses and induced local infiltration of Treg cells into the skin. Also, SIT induced the immunoglobulin G4 and attenuated allergen-specific immunoglobulin E. Furthermore, SIT induced local and systemic IL-10-producing Treg cells and regulatory NK cells. CONCLUSION We established a SIT model on AD mice and showed that our model correlates well with previous reports about SIT-treated patients. Also, we revealed NK cells as another possible resource of IL-10 in SIT. Based on our results, we suggest our SIT model as a useful tool to investigate mechanism of action of SIT and to validate the efficacy of new SIT modalities for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. U. Shin
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - S. H. Kim
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J. Y. Noh
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J. H. Kim
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - H. R. Kim
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - K. Y. Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine; Institute of Allergy; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - K. H. Park
- Department of Internal Medicine; Institute of Allergy; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J. Lee
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - H. Chu
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J.-H. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine; Institute of Allergy; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - T.-S. Yong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology; Arthropds of Medical Importance Resource Bank; Institute of Tropical Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - J.-W. Park
- Department of Internal Medicine; Institute of Allergy; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - K. H. Lee
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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27
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Zhao Y, Lutalo PMK, Thomas JE, Sangle S, Choong LM, Tyler JR, Tree T, Spencer J, D'Cruz DP. Circulating T follicular helper cell and regulatory T cell frequencies are influenced by B cell depletion in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:621-30. [PMID: 24357812 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare and sometimes fatal systemic autoimmune disease. ANCAs specific for PR3 are associated with GPA. Remission in GPA can be achieved through B cell depletion (BCD) therapy. Our aim was to understand whether the frequencies of T cell subsets are influenced by BCD. METHODS The frequencies of circulating T follicular helper cells (cTFHs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) from 36 GPA patients including 11 rituximab-treated patients and 10 healthy controls were studied by flow cytometry. The functional capacity of Tregs was assessed by in vitro co-culture assays. RESULTS We observed an increased frequency of cTFHs and a reduced frequency of antigen-experienced Tregs in peripheral blood from GPA patients on conventional therapies but not in those treated with rituximab compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the ratio of cTFHs to Tregs was significantly higher in GPA patients on conventional therapies than in GPA patients treated with rituximab who were clinically improved or controls. Whereas Tregs were numerically reduced in GPA patients on conventional therapy, the suppressive capacity of Tregs on a per cell basis was not significantly altered in these individuals. CONCLUSION Our study illustrated increased cTFHs with decreased antigen-experienced Tregs in GPA patients on conventional therapies, but in B cell-depleted patients the levels of cTFHs and Tregs were similar to healthy controls. The negative correlation between cTFHs and Tregs implies the balance between T cell subsets and its B cell dependence impact on disease activity in GPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, 2nd floor Borough Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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