1
|
Cutrone R, Day C, Valentin-Torres A, Palmer M, Mays R, Busch S. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: MULTIPOTENT ADULT PROGENITOR CELLS MODULATE MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPE, CYTOKINE SECRETION AND FUNCTION. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
2
|
Reading JL, Roobrouck VD, Hull CM, Becker PD, Beyens J, Valentin-Torres A, Boardman D, Lamperti EN, Stubblefield S, Lombardi G, Deans R, Ting AE, Tree T. Augmented Expansion of Treg Cells From Healthy and Autoimmune Subjects via Adult Progenitor Cell Co-Culture. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716606. [PMID: 34539651 PMCID: PMC8442662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical experience has demonstrated that adoptive regulatory T (Treg) cell therapy is a safe and feasible strategy to suppress immunopathology via induction of host tolerance to allo- and autoantigens. However, clinical trials continue to be compromised due to an inability to manufacture a sufficient Treg cell dose. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCⓇ) promote Treg cell differentiation in vitro, suggesting they may be repurposed to enhance ex vivo expansion of Tregs for adoptive cellular therapy. Here, we use a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compatible Treg expansion platform to demonstrate that MAPC cell-co-cultured Tregs (MulTreg) exhibit a log-fold increase in yield across two independent cohorts, reducing time to target dose by an average of 30%. Enhanced expansion is coupled to a distinct Treg cell-intrinsic transcriptional program characterized by elevated expression of replication-related genes (CDK1, PLK1, CDC20), downregulation of progenitor and lymph node-homing molecules (LEF1 CCR7, SELL) and induction of intestinal and inflammatory tissue migratory markers (ITGA4, CXCR1) consistent with expression of a gut homing (CCR7lo β7hi) phenotype. Importantly, we find that MulTreg are more readily expanded from patients with autoimmune disease compared to matched Treg lines, suggesting clinical utility in gut and/or T helper type1 (Th1)-driven pathology associated with autoimmunity or transplantation. Relative to expanded Tregs, MulTreg retain equivalent and robust purity, FoxP3 Treg-Specific Demethylated Region (TSDR) demethylation, nominal effector cytokine production and potent suppression of Th1-driven antigen specific and polyclonal responses in vitro and xeno Graft vs Host Disease (xGvHD) in vivo. These data support the use of MAPC cell co-culture in adoptive Treg therapy platforms as a means to rescue expansion failure and reduce the time required to manufacture a stable, potently suppressive product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Reading
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,King's College London Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Caroline M Hull
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Daniel Becker
- King's College London Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jelle Beyens
- Department of R&D, ReGenesys BV, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dominic Boardman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Estefania Nova Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | | | - Giovanna Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Deans
- Department of R&D, ReGenesys BV, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of R&D, Athersys Inc., Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anthony E Ting
- Department of R&D, Athersys Inc., Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Timothy Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roobrouck V, Beyens J, Van Houtven E, Reading J, Hull C, Tree T, Lombardi G, Valentin-Torres A, Ting A. MAPC® cell therapy enhances the ex-vivo expansion of polyclonal, regulatory T cells. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
4
|
Valentin-Torres A, Savarin C, Barnett J, Bergmann CC. Blockade of sustained tumor necrosis factor in a transgenic model of progressive autoimmune encephalomyelitis limits oligodendrocyte apoptosis and promotes oligodendrocyte maturation. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:121. [PMID: 29690885 PMCID: PMC5916830 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS). Although TNF-targeted therapies have been largely unsuccessful in MS, recent preclinical data suggests selective soluble TNF inhibition can promote remyelination. This has renewed interest in regulation of TNF signaling in demyelinating disease, especially given the limited treatment options for progressive MS. Using a mouse model of progressive MS, this study evaluates the effects of sustained TNF on oligodendrocyte (OLG) apoptosis and OLG precursor cell (OPC) differentiation. Methods Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative interferon-γ receptor under the human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (GFAPγR1Δ) causes severe non-remitting disease associated with sustained TNF. Therapeutic effects in GFAPγR1Δ mice treated with anti-TNF compared to control antibody during acute EAE were evaluated by assessing demyelinating lesion size, remyelination, OLG apoptosis, and OPC differentiation. Results More severe and enlarged demyelinating lesions in GFAPγR1Δ compared to wild-type (WT) mice were associated with increased OLG apoptosis and reduced differentiated CC1+Olig2+ OLG within lesions, as well as impaired upregulation of TNF receptor-2, suggesting impaired OPC differentiation. TNF blockade during acute EAE in GFAPγR1Δ both limited OLG apoptosis and enhanced OPC differentiation consistent with reduced lesion size and clinical recovery. TNF neutralization further limited increasing endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in astrocytes and myeloid cells noted in lesions during disease progression in GFAPγR1Δ mice, supporting inhibitory effects of ET-1 on OPC maturation. Conclusion Our data implicate that IFNγ signaling to astrocytes is essential to limit a detrimental positive feedback loop of TNF and ET-1 production, which increases OLG apoptosis and impairs OPC differentiation. Interference of this cycle by TNF blockade promotes repair independent of TNFR2 and supports selective TNF targeting to mitigate progressive forms of MS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1164-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Valentin-Torres
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Athersys, Inc., 3201 Carnegie Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44115-2634, USA
| | - Carine Savarin
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Joslyn Barnett
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Cornelia C Bergmann
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Valentin-Torres A, Savarin C, Hinton DR, Phares TW, Bergmann CC, Stohlman SA. Sustained TNF production by central nervous system infiltrating macrophages promotes progressive autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:46. [PMID: 26906225 PMCID: PMC4763407 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has pleiotropic functions during both the demyelinating autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS) and its murine model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). How TNF regulates disability during progressive disease remains unresolved. Using a progressive EAE model characterized by sustained TNF and increasing morbidity, this study evaluates the role of unregulated TNF in exacerbating central nervous system (CNS) pathology and inflammation. Methods Progressive MS was mimicked by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide immunization of mice expressing a dominant negative IFN-γ receptor alpha chain under the human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (GFAPγR1∆). Diseased GFAPγR1∆ mice were treated with anti-TNF or control monoclonal antibody during acute disease to monitor therapeutic effects on sustained disability, demyelination, CNS inflammation, and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Results TNF was specifically sustained in infiltrating macrophages. Anti-TNF treatment decreased established clinical disability and mortality rate within 7 days. Control of disease progression was associated with a decline in myelin loss and leukocyte infiltration, as well as macrophage activation. In addition to mitigating CNS inflammation, TNF neutralization restored BBB integrity and enhanced CNS anti-inflammatory responses. Conclusions Sustained TNF production by infiltrating macrophages associated with progressive EAE exacerbates disease severity by promoting inflammation and disruption of BBB integrity, thereby counteracting establishment of an anti-inflammatory environment required for disease remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Valentin-Torres
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Carine Savarin
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - David R Hinton
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Timothy W Phares
- Malaria Vaccine Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Cornelia C Bergmann
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Stephen A Stohlman
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valentin-Torres A, Phares T, Stohlman S. TNF regulated disability in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (THER7P.946). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.208.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In EAE, abrogation of IFN-γ signaling in astrocytes results in a progressive clinical disease, with increased CNS inflammation and demyelination, making this an excellent mouse model to study progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Microglia and infiltrating macrophage TNF production is elevated during progressive EAE which is linked to pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders including MS. Moreover, anti-TNF therapies have been successfully used to treat several autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and psoriatic arthritis. Neutralization of both soluble and membrane bound TNF during progressive EAE significantly ameliorated disease progression and decreased demyelination. TNF blockade reduced the overall infiltration of immune cells into the CNS including IL-17 and IFN-γ producing T cells by restoring the blood brain barrier integrity. A reduction in the number of microglia and macrophages expressing MHC II+ correlated with decreased inflammation. Conversely, anti-TNF therapy increased IL-10 and IL-27 within the CNS without altering Foxp3+ Treg frequencies. Overall, these data demonstrate that TNF is an important mediator of the disability, inflammation, and pathology during progressive EAE. Our results demonstrate that TNF is a potential candidate to treat progressive forms of MS.
Collapse
|
7
|
Savarin C, Hinton DR, Valentin-Torres A, Chen Z, Trapp BD, Bergmann CC, Stohlman SA. Astrocyte response to IFN-γ limits IL-6-mediated microglia activation and progressive autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:79. [PMID: 25896970 PMCID: PMC4410573 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic modalities effective in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited. In a murine model of progressive MS, the sustained disability during the chronic phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) correlated with elevated expression of interleukin (IL)-6, a cytokine with pleiotropic functions and therapeutic target for non-central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. Sustained IL-6 expression in astrocytes restricted to areas of demyelination suggested that IL-6 plays a major role in disease progression during chronic EAE. Methods A progressive form of EAE was induced using transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative interferon-γ (IFN-γ) receptor alpha chain under control of human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter (GFAPγR1Δ mice). The role of IL-6 in regulating progressive CNS autoimmunity was assessed by treating GFAPγR1Δ mice with anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody during chronic EAE. Results IL-6 neutralization restricted disease progression and decreased disability, myelin loss, and axonal damage without affecting astrogliosis. IL-6 blockade reduced CNS inflammation by limiting inflammatory cell proliferation; however, the relative frequencies of CNS leukocyte infiltrates, including the Th1, Th17, and Treg CD4 T cell subsets, were not altered. IL-6 blockade rather limited the activation and proliferation of microglia, which correlated with higher expression of Galectin-1, a regulator of microglia activation expressed by astrocytes. Conclusions These data demonstrate that astrocyte-derived IL-6 is a key mediator of progressive disease and support IL-6 blockade as a viable intervention strategy to combat progressive MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Savarin
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - David R Hinton
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Alice Valentin-Torres
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Cornelia C Bergmann
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Stephen A Stohlman
- Department of Neurosciences NC-30, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valentin-Torres A, Ramirez Kitchen CM, Haller HS, Bernstein HB. Bidirectional NK/DC interactions promote CD4 expression on NK cells, DC maturation, and HIV infection. Virology 2012; 433:203-15. [PMID: 22921314 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between natural killer (NK) and dendritic cells (DCs) are integral to immune response development, potentially leading to bidirectional NK/DC activation. We demonstrate that autologous NK/DC interactions induce CD4 expression on NK cells, influencing degranulation. Cell contact is required, with high NK:DC ratios and mature DCs most effectively inducing CD4 expression. CD4(+) NK cells, in turn, mediate DC maturation via contact-dependent and independent pathways, more effectively maturing DCs than CD4(-) NK cells. Bidirectional NK/DC interactions also impact HIV infection, as NK-matured DCs effectively deliver infectious HIV to T cells, via trans-infection. DC-induced CD4 expression also renders NK cells susceptible to HIV infection. Focusing on NK/DC interactions, DCs can transfer infectious virus and enhance HIV infection of CD4(+) NK cells, strongly suggesting that these interactions influence HIV pathogenesis. Findings provide new insight regarding NK/DC interactions, defining a mechanism by which cellular interactions in the absence of pathogens promote DC-mediated amplification of HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Valentin-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Valentin-Torres A, Bernstein H. The Role of NK/DC cross-talk in HIV pathogenesis (94.5). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.94.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
NK and dendritic cells(DCs) interact with each other inducing reciprocal activation and maturation of both cell types. Interactions between NK cells and DCs are important in controlling viral and bacterial infections. Furthermore, NK/DC interactions potentially link the innate and adaptive immune response via NK cell maturation of DCs. Our laboratory previously identified CD4-expressing NK cells. Using an NK/DC co-culture system, we find that both autologous immature and mature DCs(mDCs) induce CD4 expression on NK cells. CD4 expression requires cell to cell contact and is dependent on the NK/DC ratio. Cellular activation is bidirectional, as CD4+ NK cells induce dendritic cell maturation as assessed by enhanced CD40, CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR expression. Moreover, CD4+ NK cells up-regulate co-stimulatory molecule and HLA-DR expression, better than CD4- NK cells, beyond levels seen in LPS matured DCs. These findings can impact HIV pathogenesis, as mDCs are capable of transferring HIV virus to T cells, a process called trans-infection. We also find that mDCs can trans-infect CD4+ NK cells with HIV, providing a potential mechanism for in vivo HIV-infection of NK cells. In summary, NK/DC crosstalk results in reciprocal activation, including induction of CD4 expression on NK cells and DC maturation. CD4+ NK cells are susceptible to HIV infection, and can be trans-infected by mDCs, supporting a critical role for NK/DC interactions in HIV pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Luciano AA, Lederman MM, Valentin-Torres A, Bazdar DA, Sieg SF. Impaired induction of CD27 and CD28 predicts naive CD4 T cell proliferation defects in HIV disease. J Immunol 2007; 179:3543-9. [PMID: 17785788 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many immunological defects have been described in HIV disease, including a diminished capacity of naive CD4+ T cells to expand after TCR stimulation. The mechanisms underlying impaired naive CD4+ T cell expansion in HIV disease are not well described. Using a rigorous phenotypic definition of naive T cells, we found that cell cycle entry after TCR engagement was restricted to cells that increased surface expression of costimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28. Induction of these receptors, however, was not sufficient to result in cell cycle entry among the CD4+CD31- naive T cell subset. Analyses of cells from HIV-infected persons indicated that naive CD4+CD31+ T cells from these subjects were impaired in their ability to enter the cell cycle after stimulation and this impairment was predicted by the relatively poor induction of costimulatory molecules on these cells. Thus, failure to increase surface expression of costimulatory molecules may contribute to the naive T cell expansion failure that characterizes HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel A Luciano
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Center for AIDS Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|