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Gharizadeh A, Abbasi K, Ghareyazi A, Mofrad MRK, Rabiee HR. HGTDR: Advancing drug repurposing with heterogeneous graph transformers. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btae349. [PMID: 38913860 PMCID: PMC11223801 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Drug repurposing is a viable solution for reducing the time and cost associated with drug development. However, thus far, the proposed drug repurposing approaches still need to meet expectations. Therefore, it is crucial to offer a systematic approach for drug repurposing to achieve cost savings and enhance human lives. In recent years, using biological network-based methods for drug repurposing has generated promising results. Nevertheless, these methods have limitations. Primarily, the scope of these methods is generally limited concerning the size and variety of data they can effectively handle. Another issue arises from the treatment of heterogeneous data, which needs to be addressed or converted into homogeneous data, leading to a loss of information. A significant drawback is that most of these approaches lack end-to-end functionality, necessitating manual implementation and expert knowledge in certain stages. RESULTS We propose a new solution, Heterogeneous Graph Transformer for Drug Repurposing (HGTDR), to address the challenges associated with drug repurposing. HGTDR is a three-step approach for knowledge graph-based drug repurposing: (1) constructing a heterogeneous knowledge graph, (2) utilizing a heterogeneous graph transformer network, and (3) computing relationship scores using a fully connected network. By leveraging HGTDR, users gain the ability to manipulate input graphs, extract information from diverse entities, and obtain their desired output. In the evaluation step, we demonstrate that HGTDR performs comparably to previous methods. Furthermore, we review medical studies to validate our method's top 10 drug repurposing suggestions, which have exhibited promising results. We also demonstrated HGTDR's capability to predict other types of relations through numerical and experimental validation, such as drug-protein and disease-protein inter-relations. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code and data are available at https://github.com/bcb-sut/HGTDR and http://git.dml.ir/BCB/HGTDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gharizadeh
- Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9517, Iran
| | - Karim Abbasi
- Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9517, Iran
| | - Amin Ghareyazi
- Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9517, Iran
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, P.O. Box 94720-1740, United States
| | - Hamid R Rabiee
- Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9517, Iran
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Barreca M, Stathis A, Barraja P, Bertoni F. An overview on anti-tubulin agents for the treatment of lymphoma patients. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107552. [PMID: 32305312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tubulin agents constitute a large class of compounds with broad activity both in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, due to the interference with microtubule dynamics. Since microtubules play crucial roles in the regulation of the mitotic spindles, the interference with their function usually leads to a block in cell division with arrest at the metaphase/anaphase junction of mitosis, followed to apoptosis. This explains the reason why tubulin-binding agents (TBAs) proved to be extremely active in patients with cancer. Several anti-tubulin agents are indicated in the treatment of patients with lymphomas both alone and in combination chemotherapy regimens. The article reviews the literature on classic and more recent anti-tubulin agents, providing an insight into their mechanisms of action and their use in the treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland,; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland,; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland,.
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Sequential immunotherapy in a patient with primary refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and novel mutations. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20928-20940. [PMID: 29755699 PMCID: PMC5945535 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary resistant Hodgkin lymphoma is an aggressive disease with few treatment options and short survival. Neoplastic cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma are heavily dependent on microenvironmental stimuli, regularly express PD-L1, and a relevant proportion of relapsed patients is sensitive to blocking of the PD1/PD-L1 axis. However, response duration is limited and further treatment options are unknown but urgently needed. We report a case of a patient without relevant response to five subsequent chemotherapy regimens who immediately and dramatically responded to an anti-PD1 mab. During the following two years she responded to the anti-CTLA-4 mab ipilimumab, the Jak2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, and a combination of lenalidomide plus cyclophosphamide given in subsequent relapses. A thorough genomic analysis demonstrated seven genomic alterations with six of them not previously described in this disease (i.e. BRIP1 G212fs*62, KRAS L19F, KDM5A R1239W, MYC A59T, ARIDA1A E1683fs*15 and TP53 277Y). Three alterations were considered actionable and one of them drugable. The number of mutations increased over time and the BRIP1 mutation was found to be a germline mutation.
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Goyal S, Oak E, Luo J, Cashen AF, Carson K, Fehniger T, DiPersio J, Bartlett NL, Wagner-Johnston ND. Minimal activity of nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab) paclitaxel in relapsed or refractory lymphomas: results of a phase-I study. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:357-362. [PMID: 28597723 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1330954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Compared with solvent-based taxanes, nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab®) paclitaxel has demonstrated improved efficacy and tolerability in several solid tumor malignancies. Studies evaluating nab paclitaxel in patients with lymphoma are lacking. In this planned phase-I/phase-II study, we sought to determine the safety and efficacy of nab-paclitaxel in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) lymphoma. Eligible patients (R/R to ≥2 prior systemic therapies) received weekly nab-paclitaxel on days 1, 8 and 15 every 28 days. Dosing was initiated at 100 mg/m2 with dose escalations in 25 mg/m2 increments up to 150 mg/m2 in a classic 3 + 3 design. Twenty heavily pretreated patients (median 5 prior regimens), including 65% with refractory disease, enrolled. The maximum dose tested was well tolerated and grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events (neutropenia 25%, thrombocytopenia 20% and anemia 15%) were modest. The overall response rate was 10% with two partial responses, leading to a decision to close the study prematurely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagun Goyal
- a St. Louis University , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Eunhye Oak
- b Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- b Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University , St. Louis , MO , USA.,c Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University Biostatistics , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Amanda F Cashen
- b Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Kenneth Carson
- b Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Todd Fehniger
- b Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - John DiPersio
- b Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Nancy L Bartlett
- b Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University , St. Louis , MO , USA
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Caspase-mediated cleavage of raptor participates in the inactivation of mTORC1 during cell death. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16024. [PMID: 27551516 PMCID: PMC4979510 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a highly conserved protein complex regulating key pathways in cell growth. Hyperactivation of mTORC1 is implicated in numerous cancers, thus making it a potential broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic target. Here, we characterized how mTORC1 responds to cell death induced by various anticancer drugs such rapamycin, etoposide, cisplatin, curcumin, staurosporine and Fas ligand. All treatments induced cleavage in the mTORC1 component, raptor, resulting in decreased raptor–mTOR interaction and subsequent inhibition of the mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of downstream substrates (S6K and 4E-BP1). The cleavage was primarily mediated by caspase-6 and occurred at two sites. Mutagenesis at one of these sites, conferred resistance to cell death, indicating that raptor cleavage is important in chemotherapeutic apoptosis.
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Kewitz S, Kurch L, Volkmer I, Staege MS. Stimulation of the hypoxia pathway modulates chemotherapy resistance in Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8229-37. [PMID: 26718211 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a malignant disease of the lymphatic system. The therapy has been improved during the last decades but there are still patients who cannot be cured, and the therapy is associated with several adverse late effects. Therefore, we asked which genes might be involved in the chemotherapy resistance of HL cells. We observed that HL cells became more resistant against cisplatin after treatment with cobalt chloride. Therefore, we analyzed which genes were differentially expressed between cells incubated in medium with or without cobalt chloride. We found several genes which were up- or downregulated in the presence of cobalt chloride and might be involved in the modulation of chemotherapy resistance. Cobalt chloride is a hypoxia-mimetic agent. Therefore, we tested chemo-resistance and gene expression of HL cells under hypoxic conditions and confirmed the results from the cobalt chloride experiments. Taken together, activation of the hypoxia pathway led to altered gene expression and drug resistance of HL cells. Differentially expressed genes might be interesting targets for the development of future treatment strategies against drug-resistant HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kewitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06097, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Feulgenstr. 12, Giessen, 35392, Germany.
| | - Lars Kurch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04109, Germany
| | - Ines Volkmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06097, Germany
| | - Martin S Staege
- Department of Pediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06097, Germany
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Gerrie A, Power M, Shepherd J, Savage K, Sehn L, Connors J. Chemoresistance can be overcome with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:2218-2223. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Westin JR, McLaughlin P, Romaguera J, Hagemeister FB, Pro B, Dang NH, Samaniego F, Rodriguez MA, Fayad L, Oki Y, Fanale M, Fowler N, Nastoupil L, Feng L, Loyer E, Younes A. Paclitaxel, topotecan and rituximab: long term outcomes of an effective salvage programme for relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2014; 167:177-84. [PMID: 25039868 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Relapsed aggressive lymphomas are often treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) followed by an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Response rates to PBC in patients with relapsed aggressive lymphomas are c. 60%, and non-responders have a dismal prognosis. Novel therapies for aggressive lymphomas, including those failing PBC, are needed. We performed a phase II study of paclitaxel, topotecan and rituximab (TTR) in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell, follicular grade IIIB, or transformed lymphomas, including those who previously failed PBC. The median age of the 72 patients enrolled was 54 years. Responding patients were offered ASCT after two courses. The overall response rate was 69% for all patients (n = 49/71) and 45% for those who previously failed PBC (n = 9/20). With a median follow up of 125 months for the censored observations, the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival at 5 years was 39% and 27%, respectively. Responding patients who received ASCT had an OS of 63% at 5 years. Our results demonstrate that TTR is an effective salvage regimen for patients with relapsed aggressive B-cell lymphomas, including those who previously failed PBC. Given the declining therapeutic outcomes of salvage PBC in the rituximab era, further evaluation of TTR is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Westin
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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