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PANAGOPOULOS IOANNIS, HEIM SVERRE. Neoplasia-associated Chromosome Translocations Resulting in Gene Truncation. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:647-672. [PMID: 36316036 PMCID: PMC9620447 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations in cancer as well as benign neoplasias typically lead to the formation of fusion genes. Such genes may encode chimeric proteins when two protein-coding regions fuse in-frame, or they may result in deregulation of genes via promoter swapping or translocation of the gene into the vicinity of a highly active regulatory element. A less studied consequence of chromosomal translocations is the fusion of two breakpoint genes resulting in an out-of-frame chimera. The breaks then occur in one or both protein-coding regions forming a stop codon in the chimeric transcript shortly after the fusion point. Though the latter genetic events and mechanisms at first awoke little research interest, careful investigations have established them as neither rare nor inconsequential. In the present work, we review and discuss the truncation of genes in neoplastic cells resulting from chromosomal rearrangements, especially from seemingly balanced translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- IOANNIS PANAGOPOULOS
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - SVERRE HEIM
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Pagnano KB, Peralta EH, Navarro JR, David Salas LDR, Delgado N, Moiraghi B, Toreli ACM, Perobelli LM, Fechio L, Quixada ATS, Funke V, Bendit I, Seguro FS, Pilleux L, Bortolini J, Lourenço ALG, Sapelli J, Nucci FM, Pavlovsky C, Oliveira LDC, Moura MS, Palma LC, Gonçalves NN, Conchon M, Hokama POM, Almeida LL, Zulli R, de Souza CA, Boquimpani CM. COVID-19 in chronic myeloid leukemia patients in Latin America. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:3212-3218. [PMID: 34254886 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1950709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This observational, multicenter study aimed to report the clinical evolution of COVID-19 in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in Latin America. A total of 92 patients presented with COVID-19 between March and December 2020, 26% of whom were severe or critical. The median age at COVID-19 diagnosis was 48 years (22-79 years), 32% were 60 years or older, and 61% were male. Thirty-nine patients presented with at least one comorbidity (42.3%). Eighty-one patients recovered (88%), and 11 (11.9%) died from COVID-19. There was one case of reinfection. Patients with a major molecular response presented superior overall survival compared to patients with no major molecular response (91 vs. 61%, respectively; p = 0.004). Patients in treatment-free remission and receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors showed higher survival rates than patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and those who did not receive tyrosine kinase inhibitors (100, 89, 50, and 33%, respectively; p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia B Pagnano
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nancy Delgado
- Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI IMSS, Cuauhtémoc, México Ciudad de México
| | | | | | - Leila M Perobelli
- Hospital de Transplantes Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fechio
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Acy T S Quixada
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vaneuza Funke
- Complexo Hospital de Clínicas - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Israel Bendit
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and targeted therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM/31), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Seguro
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio M Nucci
- Hospital Universitário Antonio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo C Palma
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula O M Hokama
- São Paulo State University, UNESP, Medical School, Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Zulli
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Breccia M, Efficace F, Scalzulli E, Ciotti G, Maestrini G, Colafigli G, Martelli M. Measuring prognosis in chronic myeloid leukemia: what's new? Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:577-585. [PMID: 34075852 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1938534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in chronic phase has changed after the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The life expectancy is actually similar to that of the general population. Prognostic stratification at baseline is part of a patient-centered approach to decide the best therapeutic approach.Areas covered: In this review, the current prognostic factors examined at baseline are detailed and the meaning is explained. A broad research on Medline, Embase and archives from EHA and ASH congresses, was performed. Prognostic factors have been divided into patient-related (age, gender, comorbidities, etc.) and disease-related (additional cytogenetic abnormalities, type of transcript, etc). New information about genomic data and the potential role of patient-reported outcomes is also discussed.Expert Opinion: Prognostic factors at baseline should be considered to evaluate the long-term probability of disease-related death, the possible toxicity, and the projected long-term overall survival. The genomic assessment would provide the basis for a genomic-based risk and help in oriented decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Breccia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Az. Policlinico Umberto I-Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Efficace
- Italian Group for Adult Hematologic Diseases (GIMEMA), Data Center and Health Outcomes Research Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Scalzulli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Az. Policlinico Umberto I-Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciotti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Az. Policlinico Umberto I-Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Maestrini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Az. Policlinico Umberto I-Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gioia Colafigli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Az. Policlinico Umberto I-Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martelli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Az. Policlinico Umberto I-Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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