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Medeot AC, Boaglio AC, Salas G, Maidagan PM, Miszczuk GS, Barosso IR, Sánchez Pozzi EJ, Crocenzi FA, Roma MG. Tauroursodeoxycholate prevents estradiol 17β-d-glucuronide-induced cholestasis and endocytosis of canalicular transporters by switching off pro-cholestatic signaling pathways. Life Sci 2024:122839. [PMID: 38876186 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Estradiol 17β-D-glucuronide (E217G) induces cholestasis by triggering endocytosis and further intracellular retention of the canalicular transporters Bsep and Mrp2, in a cPKC- and PI3K-dependent manner, respectively. Pregnancy-induced cholestasis has been associated with E217G cholestatic effect, and is routinely treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Since protective mechanisms of UDCA in E217G-induced cholestasis are still unknown, we ascertained here whether its main metabolite, tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC), can prevent endocytosis of canalicular transporters by counteracting cPKC and PI3K/Akt activation. MAIN METHODS Activation of cPKC and PI3K/Akt was evaluated in isolated rat hepatocytes by immunoblotting (assessment of membrane-bound and phosphorylated forms, respectively). Bsep/Mrp2 function was quantified in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets (IRHCs) by assessing the apical accumulation of their fluorescent substrates, CLF and GS-MF, respectively. We also studied, in isolated, perfused rat livers (IPRLs), the status of Bsep and Mrp2 transport function, assessed by the biliary excretion of TC and DNP-SG, respectively, and Bsep/Mrp2 localization by immunofluorescence. KEY FINDINGS E217G activated both cPKC- and PI3K/Akt-dependent signaling, and pretreatment with TUDC significantly attenuated these activations. In IRHCs, TUDC prevented the E217G-induced decrease in apical accumulation of CLF and GS-MF, and inhibitors of protein phosphatases failed to counteract this protection. In IPRLs, E217G induced an acute decrease in bile flow and in the biliary excretion of TC and DNP-SG, and this was prevented by TUDC. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that TUDC prevented E217G-induced Bsep/Mrp2 endocytosis. SIGNIFICANCE TUDC restores function and localization of Bsep/Mrp2 impaired by E217G, by preventing both cPKC and PI3K/Akt activation in a protein-phosphatase-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela C Medeot
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), National University of Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Andrea C Boaglio
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), National University of Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gimena Salas
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), National University of Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Paula M Maidagan
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), National University of Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gisel S Miszczuk
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), National University of Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ismael R Barosso
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), National University of Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Enrique J Sánchez Pozzi
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), National University of Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernando A Crocenzi
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), National University of Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Roma
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE-CONICET), National University of Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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Majait S, Meessen ECE, Davids M, Chahid Y, Olde Damink SW, Schaap FG, Kemper EM, Nieuwdorp M, Soeters MR. Age-Dependent Differences in Postprandial Bile-Acid Metabolism and the Role of the Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2024; 12:764. [PMID: 38674708 PMCID: PMC11052118 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing changes the impact of nutrition, whereby inflammation has been suggested to play a role in age-related disabilities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in postprandial bile-acid response and its effect on energy metabolism between young and elderly people. Nine young, healthy men and nine elderly, healthy men underwent a liquid mixed-meal test. Postprandial bile-acid levels, insulin, glucose, GLP-1, C4, FGF19 and lipids were measured. Appetite, body composition, energy expenditure and gut microbiome were also measured. The elderly population showed lower glycine conjugated CDCA and UDCA levels and higher abundances of Ruminiclostridium, Marvinbryantia and Catenibacterium, but lower food intake, decreased fat free mass and increased cholesterol levels. Aging is associated with changes in postprandial bile-acid composition and microbiome, diminished hunger and changes in body composition and lipid levels. Further studies are needed to determine if these changes may contribute to malnutrition and sarcopenia in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Majait
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (Y.C.)
| | - Emma C. E. Meessen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Mark Davids
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Youssef Chahid
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (Y.C.)
| | - Steven W. Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.O.D.); (F.G.S.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank G. Schaap
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.O.D.); (F.G.S.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ellis Marleen Kemper
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Maarten R. Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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3
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Maj MA, Burrin DG, Manjarín R. Decreased FXR Agonism in the Bile Acid Pool Is Associated with Impaired FXR Signaling in a Pig Model of Pediatric NAFLD. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3303. [PMID: 38137523 PMCID: PMC10740974 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether the impairment of farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) signaling in juvenile pigs with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with changes in the composition of the enterohepatic bile acid pool. Eighteen 15-day-old Iberian pigs, pair-housed in pens, were allocated to receive either a control (CON) or high-fructose, high-fat (HFF) diet. Animals were euthanized in week 10, and liver, blood, and distal ileum (DI) samples were collected. HFF-fed pigs developed NAFLD and had decreased FGF19 expression in the DI and lower FGF19 levels in the blood. Compared with the CON, the HFF diet increased the total cholic acid (CA) and the CA to chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) ratio in the liver, DI, and blood. CA and CDCA levels in the DI were negatively and positively correlated with ileal FGF19 expression, respectively, and blood levels of FGF19 decreased with an increasing ileal CA to CDCA ratio. Compared with the CON, the HFF diet increased the gene expression of hepatic 12-alpha-hydrolase, which catalyzes the synthesis of CA in the liver. Since CA species are weaker FXR ligands than CDCA, our results suggest that impairment of FXR-FGF19 signaling in NAFLD pigs is associated with a decrease in FXR agonism in the bile acid pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A. Maj
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
- Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Douglas G. Burrin
- USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Rodrigo Manjarín
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
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4
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Majait S, Meessen ECE, Vaz FM, Kemper EM, van Nierop S, Olde Damink SW, Schaap FG, Romijn JA, Nieuwdorp M, Verrips A, Knop FK, Soeters MR. Characterization of Postprandial Bile Acid Profiles and Glucose Metabolism in Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4625. [PMID: 37960277 PMCID: PMC10648145 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare inherited disease characterized by sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) deficiency and, thus, a lack of bile acid synthesis with a marked accumulation of 7α-hydroxylated bile acid precursors. In addition to their renowned lipid-emulgating role, bile acids have been shown to stimulate secretion of the glucose-lowering and satiety-promoting gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). In this paper, we examined postprandial bile acid, glucose, insulin, GLP-1 and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) plasma profiles in patients with CTX and matched healthy controls. Seven patients and seven age, gender and body mass index matched controls were included and subjected to a 4 h mixed meal test with regular blood sampling. CTX patients withdrew from chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and statin therapy three weeks prior to the test. Postprandial levels of total bile acids were significantly lower in CTX patients and consisted of residual CDCA with low amounts of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The postprandial plasma glucose peak concentration occurred later in CTX patients compared to controls, and patients' insulin levels remained elevated for a longer time. Postprandial GLP-1 levels were slightly higher in CTX subjects whereas postprandial FGF19 levels were lower in CTX subjects. This novel characterization of CTX patients reveals very low circulating bile acid levels and FGF19 levels, aberrant postprandial glucose and insulin profiles, and elevated postprandial GLP-1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Majait
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Emma C. E. Meessen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.E.M.); (S.v.N.)
| | - Frederic Maxime Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. Marleen Kemper
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Samuel van Nierop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.E.M.); (S.v.N.)
| | - Steven W. Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.O.D.); (F.G.S.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank G. Schaap
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.O.D.); (F.G.S.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes A. Romijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Aad Verrips
- Department of Neurology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Filip Krag Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark;
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maarten R. Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.C.E.M.); (S.v.N.)
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Majait S, Nieuwdorp M, Kemper M, Soeters M. The Black Box Orchestra of Gut Bacteria and Bile Acids: Who Is the Conductor? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031816. [PMID: 36768140 PMCID: PMC9916144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades the potential role of the gut microbiome and bile acids in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been revealed, with a special reference to low bacterial alpha diversity. Certain bile acid effects on gut bacteria concern cytotoxicity, or in the case of the microbiome, bacteriotoxicity. Reciprocally, the gut microbiome plays a key role in regulating the bile acid pool by influencing the conversion and (de)conjugation of primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. Three main groups of bacterial enzymes responsible for the conversion of bile acids are bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) and enzymes encoded in the bile acid inducible (Bai) operon genes. Interventions such as probiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiome transplantation can impact bile acids levels. Further evidence of the reciprocal interaction between gut microbiota and bile acids comes from a multitude of nutritional interventions including macronutrients, fibers, prebiotics, specific individual products or diets. Finally, anatomical changes after bariatric surgery are important because of their metabolic effects. The heterogeneity of studies, diseases, bacterial species and (epi)genetic influences such as nutrition may challenge establishing specific and detailed interventions that aim to tackle the gut microbiome and bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Majait
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kemper
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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6
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Liu H, Kohmoto O, Sakaguchi A, Hori S, Tochigi M, Tada K, Lee Y, Kikuchi K, Ishizuka S. Taurocholic acid, a primary 12α-hydroxylated bile acid, induces leakiness in the distal small intestine in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113136. [PMID: 35584729 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A high-fat diet increases 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) bile acid (BA) secretion in rats, and secondary BAs are responsible for the leaky gut. This study aimed to examine the role of primary 12αOH BAs in gut barrier impairment in rats using dietary cholic acid (CA) supplementation (0.5 g/kg diet). The CA diet increased the 12αOH BAs concentrations in the small and large intestine, accompanied by gut barrier impairment. Based on the luminal 12αOH BAs concentrations, ex vivo gut leakiness was determined. Deoxycholic acid increased permeability in the large intestine, whereas taurocholic acid (TCA) increased the ileal permeability, but not jejunal permeability. A Rho kinase inhibitor attenuated TCA-induced ileal permeability. Administration of vancomycin, which abolishes secondary BAs, did not influence the gut leakiness induced by the CA diet. Changes in the gut permeation marker in the tail vein blood suggested the possibility that the CA-induced leakiness occurred in the small intestine. The CA diet enhanced the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 and reduced claudins expressions in rat ileal epithelia. Reductions in barrier function-related genes were observed in the ileum, but not in the colon of the CA-fed rats. Overall, the present study demonstrated the significance of TCA in proximal gut leakiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Liu
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ohji Kohmoto
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ayana Sakaguchi
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shota Hori
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Misuzu Tochigi
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Koji Tada
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Keidai Kikuchi
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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7
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Microbiomes in the Intestine of Developing Pigs: Implications for Nutrition and Health. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1354:161-176. [PMID: 34807442 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an expansion of studies on the role of gut microbiome in piglet nutrition and health. With the help of culture-independent sequencing techniques, the colonization of gut microbiota and their implication in physiology are being investigated in depth. Immediately after birth, the microbes begin to colonize following an age-dependent trajectory, which can be modified by maternal environment, diet, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. The early-life gut microbiome is relatively simple but enriched with huge metabolic potential to utilize milk oligosaccharides and affect the epithelial function. After weaning, the gut microbiome develops towards a gradual adaptation to the introduction of solid food, with an enhanced ability to metabolize amino acids, fibers, and bile acids. Here we summarize the compositional and functional difference of the gut microbiome in the keystone developing phases, with a specific focus on the use of different nutritional approaches based on the phase-specific gut microbiome.
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8
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Baier V, Clayton O, Nudischer R, Cordes H, Schneider ARP, Thiel C, Wittenberger T, Moritz W, Blank LM, Neumann UP, Trautwein C, Kelm J, Schrooders Y, Caiment F, Gmuender H, Roth A, Castell JV, Kleinjans J, Kuepfer L. A Model-Based Workflow to Benchmark the Clinical Cholestasis Risk of Drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:1293-1301. [PMID: 34462909 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a generic workflow combining physiology-based computational modeling and in vitro data to assess the clinical cholestatic risk of different drugs systematically. Changes in expression levels of genes involved in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids were obtained from an in vitro assay mimicking 14 days of repeated drug administration for 10 marketed drugs. These changes in gene expression over time were contextualized in a physiology-based bile acid model of glycochenodeoxycholic acid. The simulated drug-induced response in bile acid concentrations was then scaled with the applied drug doses to calculate the cholestatic potential for each compound. A ranking of the cholestatic potential correlated very well with the clinical cholestasis risk obtained from medical literature. The proposed workflow allows benchmarking the cholestatic risk of novel drug candidates. We expect the application of our workflow to significantly contribute to the stratification of the cholestatic potential of new drugs and to support animal-free testing in future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Baier
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Olivia Clayton
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ramona Nudischer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Cordes
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Yannick Schrooders
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - José V Castell
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimenta, IIS Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, CIBEREHD-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lars Kuepfer
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Systems Medicine with Focus on Organ Interaction, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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9
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Meessen EC, Bakker GJ, Nieuwdorp M, Dallinga-Thie GM, Kemper EM, Olde Damink SW, Romijn JA, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Knop FK, Groen AK, Schaap FG, Soeters MR. Parenteral nutrition impairs plasma bile acid and gut hormone responses to mixed meal testing in lean healthy men. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1013-1021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Ten Have GAM, Jansen L, Schooneman MG, Engelen MPKJ, Deutz NEP. Metabolic flux analysis of branched-chain amino and keto acids (BCAA, BCKA) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid across multiple organs in the pig. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E629-E640. [PMID: 33522397 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their metabolites the branched-chain keto acids (BCKA) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) are involved in the regulation of key signaling pathways in the anabolic response to a meal. However, their (inter)organ kinetics remain unclear. Therefore, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) [leucine (Leu), valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile)], BCKA [α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid (KMV), 2-oxoisovalerate (KIV)], and HMB across organ net fluxes were measured. In multi-catheterized pigs (n = 12, ±25 kg), net fluxes across liver, portal drained viscera (PDV), kidney, and hindquarter (HQ, muscle compartment) were measured before and 4 h after bolus feeding of a complete meal (30% daily intake) in conscious state. Arterial and venous plasma were collected and concentrations were measured by LC- or GC-MS/MS. Data are expressed as mean [95% CI] and significance (P < 0.05) from zero by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. In the postabsorptive state (in nmol/kg body wt/min), the kidney takes up HMB (3.2[1.3,5.0]) . BCKA is taken up by PDV (144[13,216]) but no release by other organs. In the postprandial state, the total net fluxes over 4 h (in µmol/kg body wt/4 h) showed a release of all BCKA by HQ (46.2[34.2,58.2]), KIC by the PDV (12.3[7.0,17.6]), and KIV by the kidney (10.0[2.3,178]). HMB was released by the liver (0.76[0.49,1.0]). All BCKA were taken up by the liver (200[133,268]). Substantial differences are present in (inter)organ metabolism and transport among the BCAA and its metabolites BCKA and HMB. The presented data in a translation animal model are relevant for the future development of optimized clinical nutrition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their metabolites the branched-chain keto acids (BCKA) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) are involved in the regulation of key signaling pathways in the anabolic response to a meal. Substantial differences are present in (inter)organ metabolism and transport among the BCAA and its metabolites BCKA and HMB. The presented data in a translation animal model are relevant for the future development of optimized clinical nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
| | - Lisa Jansen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
| | - Marieke G Schooneman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
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11
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Meessen ECE, Sips FLP, Eggink HM, Koehorst M, Romijn JA, Groen AK, van Riel NAW, Soeters MR. Model-based data analysis of individual human postprandial plasma bile acid responses indicates a major role for the gallbladder and intestine. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14358. [PMID: 32170845 PMCID: PMC7070101 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids are multifaceted metabolic compounds that signal to cholesterol, glucose, and lipid homeostasis via receptors like the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and transmembrane Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). The postprandial increase in plasma bile acid concentrations is therefore a potential metabolic signal. However, this postprandial response has a high interindividual variability. Such variability may affect bile acid receptor activation. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the inter- and intraindividual variability of fasting and postprandial bile acid concentrations during three identical meals on separate days in eight healthy lean male subjects using a statistical and mathematical approach. MAIN FINDINGS The postprandial bile acid responses exhibited large interindividual and intraindividual variability. The individual mathematical models, which represent the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in each subject, suggest that interindividual variability results from quantitative and qualitative differences of distal active uptake, colon transit, and microbial bile acid transformation. Conversely, intraindividual variations in gallbladder kinetics can explain intraindividual differences in the postprandial responses. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that there is considerable inter- and intraindividual variation in postprandial plasma bile acid levels. The presented personalized approach is a promising tool to identify unique characteristics of underlying physiological processes and can be applied to investigate bile acid metabolism in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C E Meessen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fianne L P Sips
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah M Eggink
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Romijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center (AMC), The Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), The Netherlands
| | - Natal A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Distinct Postprandial Bile Acids Responses to a High-Calorie Diet in Men Volunteers Underscore Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Phenotypes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113545. [PMID: 33228154 PMCID: PMC7699492 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) regulate dietary lipid hydrolysis and absorption in the proximal intestine. Several studies have highlighted a determinant role of circulating levels and/or metabolism of BAs in the pathogenesis of major cardiometabolic diseases. Whether changes in BA profiles are causative or are consequence of these diseases remains to be determined. Healthy male volunteers (n = 71) underwent a postprandial exploration following consumption of a hypercaloric high fat typical Western meal providing 1200 kcal. We investigated variations of circulating levels of 28 BA species, together with BA synthesis marker 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) over an approximately diurnal 12 h period. Analysis of BA variations during the postprandial time course revealed two major phenotypes with opposite fluctuations, i.e., circulating levels of each individual species of unconjugated BAs were reduced after meal consumption whereas those of tauro- and glyco-conjugated BAs were increased. By an unbiased classification strategy based on absolute postprandial changes in BA species levels, we classified subjects into three distinct clusters; the two extreme clusters being characterized by the smallest absolute changes in either unconjugated-BAs or conjugated-BAs. Finally, we demonstrated that our clustering based on postprandial changes in BA profiles was associated with specific clinical and biochemical features, including postprandial triglyceride levels, BMI or waist circumference. Altogether, our study reveals that postprandial profiles/patterns of BAs in response to a hypercaloric high fat challenge is associated with healthy or unhealthy metabolic phenotypes that may help in the early identification of subjects at risk of developing metabolic disorders.
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13
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Fiorucci S, Baldoni M, Ricci P, Zampella A, Distrutti E, Biagioli M. Bile acid-activated receptors and the regulation of macrophages function in metabolic disorders. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 53:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Hepatic Bile Acid Reuptake in the Rat Depends on Bile Acid Conjugation but Not on Agonistic Properties towards FXR and TGR5. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102371. [PMID: 32443832 PMCID: PMC7288213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) are the two known bile acid (BA) sensitive receptors and are expressed in the intestine and liver as well as in extra-enterohepatic tissues. The physiological effects of extra-enterohepatic FXR/TRG5 remain unclear. Further, the extent BAs escape liver reabsorption and how they interact with extra-enterohepatic FXR/TGR5 is understudied. We investigated if hepatic BA reuptake differed between BAs agonistic for FXR and TGR5 compared to non-agonists in the rat. Blood was collected from the portal vein and inferior caval vein from anesthetized rats before and 5, 20, 30, and 40 min post stimulation with sulfated cholecystokinin-8. Plasma concentrations of 20 different BAs were assessed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Total portal vein BA AUC was 3–4 times greater than in the vena cava inferior (2.7 ± 0.6 vs. 0.7 ± 0.2 mM x min, p < 0.01, n = 8) with total unconjugated BAs being 2–3-fold higher than total conjugated BAs (AUC 8–10 higher p < 0.05 for both). However, in both cases, absolute ratios varied greatly among different BAs. The average hepatic reuptake of BAs agonistic for FXR/TGR5 was similar to non-agonists. However, as the sum of non-agonist BAs in vena portae was 2–3-fold higher than the sum agonist (p < 0.05), the peripheral BA pool was composed mostly of non-agonist BAs. We conclude that hepatic BA reuptake varies substantially by type and does not favor FXR/TGR5 BAs agonists.
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15
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Villette R, Kc P, Beliard S, Salas Tapia MF, Rainteau D, Guerin M, Lesnik P. Unraveling Host-Gut Microbiota Dialogue and Its Impact on Cholesterol Levels. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:278. [PMID: 32308619 PMCID: PMC7145900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption in cholesterol metabolism, particularly hypercholesterolemia, is a significant cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Large interindividual variations in plasma cholesterol levels are traditionally related to genetic factors, and the remaining portion of their variance is accredited to environmental factors. In recent years, the essential role played by intestinal microbiota in human health and diseases has emerged. The gut microbiota is currently viewed as a fundamental regulator of host metabolism and of innate and adaptive immunity. Its bacterial composition but also the synthesis of multiple molecules resulting from bacterial metabolism vary according to diet, antibiotics, drugs used, and exposure to pollutants and infectious agents. Microbiota modifications induced by recent changes in the human environment thus seem to be a major factor in the current epidemic of metabolic/inflammatory diseases (diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and dyslipidemia). Epidemiological and preclinical studies report associations between bacterial communities and cholesterolemia. However, such an association remains poorly investigated and characterized. The objectives of this review are to present the current knowledge on and potential mechanisms underlying the host-microbiota dialogue for a better understanding of the contribution of microbial communities to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Villette
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pukar Kc
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Beliard
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1263, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France.,APHM, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - Dominique Rainteau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Guerin
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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16
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Human Postprandial Nutrient Metabolism and Low-Grade Inflammation: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123000. [PMID: 31817857 PMCID: PMC6950246 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the postprandial state has been acknowledged, since hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are linked with several chronic systemic low-grade inflammation conditions. Humans spend more than 16 h per day in the postprandial state and the postprandial state is acknowledged as a complex interplay between nutrients, hormones and diet-derived metabolites. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into the physiology of the postprandial inflammatory response, the role of different nutrients, the pro-inflammatory effects of metabolic endotoxemia and the anti-inflammatory effects of bile acids. Moreover, we discuss nutritional strategies that may be linked to the described pathways to modulate the inflammatory component of the postprandial response.
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17
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Baier V, Cordes H, Thiel C, Castell JV, Neumann UP, Blank LM, Kuepfer L. A Physiology-Based Model of Human Bile Acid Metabolism for Predicting Bile Acid Tissue Levels After Drug Administration in Healthy Subjects and BRIC Type 2 Patients. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1192. [PMID: 31611804 PMCID: PMC6777137 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a matter of concern in the course of drug development and patient safety, often leading to discontinuation of drug-development programs or early withdrawal of drugs from market. Hepatocellular toxicity or impairment of bile acid (BA) metabolism, known as cholestasis, are the two clinical forms of DILI. Whole-body physiology-based modelling allows a mechanistic investigation of the physiological processes leading to cholestasis in man. Objectives of the present study were: (1) the development of a physiology-based model of the human BA metabolism, (2) population-based model validation and characterisation, and (3) the prediction and quantification of altered BA levels in special genotype subgroups and after drug administration. The developed physiology-based bile acid (PBBA) model describes the systemic BA circulation in humans and includes mechanistically relevant active and passive processes such as the hepatic synthesis, gallbladder emptying, transition through the gastrointestinal tract, reabsorption into the liver, distribution within the whole body, and excretion via urine and faeces. The kinetics of active processes were determined for the exemplary BA glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) based on blood plasma concentration-time profiles. The robustness of our PBBA model was verified with population simulations of healthy individuals. In addition to plasma levels, the possibility to estimate BA concentrations in relevant tissues like the intracellular space of the liver enhance the mechanistic understanding of cholestasis. We analysed BA levels in various tissues of Benign Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis type 2 (BRIC2) patients and our simulations suggest a higher susceptibility of BRIC2 patients toward cholestatic DILI due to BA accumulation in the liver. The effect of drugs on systemic BA levels were simulated for cyclosporine A (CsA). Our results confirmed the higher risk of DILI after CsA administration in healthy and BRIC2 patients. The presented PBBA model enhances our mechanistic understanding underlying cholestasis and drug-induced alterations of BA levels in blood and organs. The developed PBBA model might be applied in the future to anticipate potential risk of cholestasis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Baier
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henrik Cordes
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiel
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - José V Castell
- Unit of Experimental Hepatology, IIS Hospital La Fe, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBEREHD, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Kuepfer
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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18
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van Nierop FS, Meessen ECE, Nelissen KGM, Achterbergh R, Lammers LA, Vaz FM, Mathôt RAA, Klümpen HJ, Olde Damink SW, Schaap FG, Romijn JA, Kemper EM, Soeters MR. Differential effects of a 40-hour fast and bile acid supplementation on human GLP-1 and FGF19 responses. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E494-E502. [PMID: 31237451 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00534.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) play an important role in postprandial metabolism. In this study, we investigated the postprandial bile acid response in plasma and its relation to insulin, GLP-1, and FGF19. First, we investigated the postprandial response to 40-h fast. Then we administered glycine-conjugated deoxycholic acid (gDCA) with the meal. We performed two separate observational randomized crossover studies on healthy, lean men. In experiment 1: we tested 4-h mixed meal after an overnight fast and a 40-h fast. In experiment 2, we tested a 4-h mixed meal test with and without gDCA supplementation. Both studies measured postprandial glucose, insulin, bile acids, GLP-1, and FGF19. In experiment 1, 40 h of fasting induced insulin resistance and increased postprandial GLP-1 and FGF19 concentrations. After an overnight fast, we observed strong correlations between postprandial insulin and gDCA levels at specific time points. In experiment 2, administration of gDCA increased GLP-1 levels and lowered late postprandial glucose without effect on FGF19. Energy expenditure was not affected by gDCA administration. Unexpectedly, 40 h of fasting increased both GLP-1 and FGF19, where the former appeared bile acid independent and the latter bile acid dependent. Second, a single dose of gDCA increased postprandial GLP-1. Therefore, our data add complexity to the physiological regulation of the enterokines GLP-1 and FGF19 by bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Samuel van Nierop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Emma C E Meessen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Kyra G M Nelissen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Roos Achterbergh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Laureen A Lammers
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A A Mathôt
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz-Josef Klümpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank G Schaap
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes A Romijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - E Marleen Kemper
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
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19
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Christiansen CB, Trammell SAJ, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Schoonjans K, Albrechtsen R, Gillum MP, Kuhre RE, Holst JJ. Bile acids drive colonic secretion of glucagon-like-peptide 1 and peptide-YY in rodents. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G574-G584. [PMID: 30767682 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00010.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A large number of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1)- and peptide-YY (PYY)-producing L cells are located in the colon, but little is known about their contribution to whole body metabolism. Since bile acids (BAs) increase GLP-1 and PYY release, and since BAs spill over from the ileum to the colon, we decided to investigate the ability of BAs to stimulate colonic GLP-1 and PYY secretion. Using isolated perfused rat/mouse colon as well as stimulation of the rat colon in vivo, we demonstrate that BAs significantly enhance secretion of GLP-1 and PYY from the colon with average increases of 3.5- and 2.9-fold, respectively. Furthermore, we find that responses depend on BA absorption followed by basolateral activation of the BA-receptor Takeda-G protein-coupled-receptor 5. Surprisingly, the apical sodium-dependent BA transporter, which serves to absorb conjugated BAs, was not required for colonic conjugated BA absorption or conjugated BA-induced peptide secretion. In conclusion, we demonstrate that BAs represent a major physiological stimulus for colonic L-cell secretion. NEW & NOTEWORTHY By the use of isolated perfused rodent colon preparations we show that bile acids are potent and direct promoters of colonic glucagon-like-peptide 1 and peptide-YY secretion. The study provides convincing evidence that basolateral Takeda-G protein-coupled-receptor 5 activation is mediating the effects of bile acids in the colon and thus add to the existing literature described for L cells in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bayer Christiansen
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Samuel Addison Jack Trammell
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark.,Clinical Proteomics, Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Reidar Albrechtsen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Matthew Paul Gillum
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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20
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Al-Khaifi A, Straniero S, Voronova V, Chernikova D, Sokolov V, Kumar C, Angelin B, Rudling M. Asynchronous rhythms of circulating conjugated and unconjugated bile acids in the modulation of human metabolism. J Intern Med 2018; 284:546-559. [PMID: 29964306 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Bile acids (BAs) traversing the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) influence important metabolic pathways. By determining individual serum BAs in relation to markers of metabolic activity, we explored how diurnal variations in their EHC relate to hepatic metabolism in normal humans. METHODS Serum BAs, fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), lipoproteins, glucose/insulin and markers of cholesterol and BA syntheses were monitored for 32 h in 8 healthy males. Studies were conducted at basal state and during initiation of cholestyramine treatment, with and without atorvastatin pretreatment. Time series cross-correlation analysis, Bayesian structural model and Granger causality test were applied. RESULTS Bile acids synthesis dominated daytime, and cholesterol production at night. Conjugated BAs peaked after food intake, with subsequent FGF19 elevations. BA synthesis was reduced following conjugated BA and FGF19 peaks. Cholestyramine reduced conjugated BAs and FGF19, and increased BA and cholesterol production; the latter effects attenuated by atorvastatin. The relative importance of FGF19 vs. conjugated BAs in this feedback inhibition could not be discriminated. Unconjugated BAs displayed one major peak late at night/early morning that was unrelated to FGF19 and BA synthesis, and abolished by cholestyramine. The normal suppression of serum triglycerides, glucose and insulin observed at night was attenuated by cholestyramine. CONCLUSIONS Conjugated and unconjugated BAs have asynchronous rhythms of EHC in humans. Postprandial transintestinal flux of conjugated BAs increases circulating FGF19 levels and suppresses BA synthesis. Unconjugated BAs peak late at night, indicating a non-postprandial diurnal change in human gut microflora, the physiological implications of which warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Khaifi
- Metabolism Unit, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (KI/AZ ICMC), Novum, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - S Straniero
- Metabolism Unit, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (KI/AZ ICMC), Novum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - C Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (KI/AZ ICMC), Novum, Stockholm, Sweden.,Translational Sciences, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Angelin
- Metabolism Unit, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (KI/AZ ICMC), Novum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Rudling
- Metabolism Unit, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (KI/AZ ICMC), Novum, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Chevre R, Silvestre-Roig C, Soehnlein O. Nutritional Modulation of Innate Immunity: The Fat-Bile-Gut Connection. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:686-698. [PMID: 30197155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Altered nutritional behavior in Western societies has unleashed numerous metabolic disorders, intimately linked to profound disruptions of the immune system. Here we summarize how nutrition modulates innate immunity. We outline recent findings regarding nutrient signaling and we particularly focus on the collateral impact of nutrition on the microbiome and on the bile acid (BA) pool. We discuss how the integration of postprandial signals by the gut microbiota, along with the absorption routes of metabolites, differentially affects immune niches to orchestrate immune responses. Finally, we discuss the potential consequences of these signals in the light of trained immunity. A better understanding of nutrition signaling will permit the optimization of therapeutic and dietary strategies against the arising immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Chevre
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa) and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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22
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Sips FLP, Eggink HM, Hilbers PAJ, Soeters MR, Groen AK, van Riel NAW. In Silico Analysis Identifies Intestinal Transit as a Key Determinant of Systemic Bile Acid Metabolism. Front Physiol 2018; 9:631. [PMID: 29951001 PMCID: PMC6008656 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids fulfill a variety of metabolic functions including regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Since changes of bile acid metabolism accompany obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and bariatric surgery, there is great interest in their role in metabolic health. Here, we developed a mathematical model of systemic bile acid metabolism, and subsequently performed in silico analyses to gain quantitative insight into the factors determining plasma bile acid measurements. Intestinal transit was found to have a surprisingly central role in plasma bile acid appearance, as was evidenced by both the necessity of detailed intestinal transit functions for a physiological description of bile acid metabolism as well as the importance of the intestinal transit parameters in determining plasma measurements. The central role of intestinal transit is further highlighted by the dependency of the early phase of the dynamic response of plasma bile acids after a meal to intestinal propulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fianne L P Sips
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Hannah M Eggink
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter A J Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Natal A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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