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Hara A, Tsujiguchi H, Suzuki K, Nakamura M, Okada M, Zhao J, Takazawa C, Suzuki F, Kasahara T, Shimizu Y, Tsuboi H, Kannon T, Tajima A, Takamura T, Nakamura H. Distinct associations between dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids intake with chronic kidney disease in adults with and without diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2023; 115:112156. [PMID: 37536024 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored the relationship of dietary intake of fatty acids with chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to glycemic status in Japanese people. METHODS A total of 1031 participants aged ≥40 y were included in this population-based, cross-sectional study. A validated self-administered diet history questionnaire was used to measure the dietary intakes of fat and fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and diabetes as the use of antidiabetic medication, fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, or hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%. Urine biomarkers of kidney injury (liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, β2-microglobulin, and albumin) were also examined. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 62.5 ± 11.2 y, and 482 (46.8%) of them were men. Overall, 177 (17.2%) participants had CKD. In the multivariable model, low omega-3 intake (odds ratio = 0.109; 95% CI, 0.019-0.645) and high omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio (odds ratio = 2.112; 95% CI, 1.167-3.822) were associated with CKD in participants with diabetes but not in those without. In selected participants with diabetes, a substantial trend of urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein and β2-microglobulin level elevation along with an increase in the dietary ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 was observed. CONCLUSIONS Low dietary omega-3 intake and high omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio were associated with CKD in middle-aged and older Japanese people with diabetes but not in those without diabetes. These results may provide insight into the more tailored approaches for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids to prevent CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Hara
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Tsujiguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Keita Suzuki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Okada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jiaye Zhao
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Chie Takazawa
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Suzuki
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kasahara
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yukari Shimizu
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirohito Tsuboi
- Department of Human Nursing, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kannon
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Comprehensive Metabology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Bertoni C, Abodi M, D’Oria V, Milani GP, Agostoni C, Mazzocchi A. Alpha-Linolenic Acid and Cardiovascular Events: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14319. [PMID: 37762621 PMCID: PMC10531611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of global mortality with 1.7 million deaths a year. One of the alternative systems to drug therapy to minimize the risk of CVDs is represented by alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid of the omega-3 series, known for its cholesterol-lowering effect. The main purpose of this review is to analyze the effects of ALA and investigate the relevant omega-6/omega-3 ratio in order to maintain functionally beneficial effects. Concerning the lipid-lowering preventive effects, ALA may favorably affect the values of LDL-C and triglycerides in both adult and pediatric populations. Furthermore, ALA has shown protective effects against hypertension, contributing to balancing blood pressure through customary diet. According to the 2009 EFSA statement, dietary ALA may contribute to reducing the risk of CVDs, thanks to anti-hypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic and cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bertoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Martina Abodi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Veronica D’Oria
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.D.); (G.P.M.)
| | - Gregorio P. Milani
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.D.); (G.P.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.D.); (G.P.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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Ou Y, Li Y, Feng S, Wang Q, Yang H. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals an Eicosapentaenoic Acid Accumulation Mechanism in a Schizochytrium sp. Mutant. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0013023. [PMID: 37093006 PMCID: PMC10269799 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00130-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) essential for human health. Schizochytrium is a marine eukaryote that has been widely utilized for the synthesis of PUFAs. The current low potency and performance of EPA production by fermentation of Schizochytrium spp. limits its prospect in commercial production of EPA. Since the synthesis pathway of EPA in Schizochytrium spp. is still unclear, mutagenesis combined with efficient screening methods are still desirable. In this study, a novel screening strategy was developed based on a two-step progressive mutagenesis method based on atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and diethyl sulfate (DES) after multiple stresses (sethoxydim, triclosan and 2,2'-bipyridine) compound screening. Finally, the mutant strain DBT-64 with increased lipid (1.57-fold, 31.71 g/L) and EPA (5.64-fold, 1.86 g/L) production was screened from wild-type (W) strains; the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of mutant DBT-64 (M) was 11.41% lower than that of wild-type strains. Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of genes related to the polyketide synthase, fatty acid prolongation, and triglyceride synthesis pathways was significantly upregulated in the mutant strain, while the expression of genes involved in the β-oxidation pathway and fatty acid degradation pathway was downregulated in favor of EPA biosynthesis in Schizochytrium. This study provides an effective strain improvement method to enhance EPA accumulation in Schizochytrium spp. IMPORTANCE Schizochytrium, a marine eukaryotic microorganism, has emerged as a candidate for the commercial production of PUFAs. EPA is an omega-3 PUFA with preventive and therapeutic effects against cardiovascular diseases, schizophrenia, and other disorders. Currently, the low potency and performance of EPA production by Schizochytrium spp. limits its commercialization. In this study, we performed two-step progressive mutagenesis based on ARTP and DES and screened multiple stresses (sethoxydim, triclosan, and 2,2'-bipyridine) to obtain the EPA-high-yielding Schizochytrium mutant. In addition, high expression of the polyketide synthase pathway, fatty acid elongation pathway, and triglyceride synthesis pathway in the mutants was confirmed by transcriptomic analysis. Therefore, the multistress screening platform established in this study is important for breeding EPA-producing Schizochytrium spp. and provides valuable information for regulating the proportion of EPA in microalgal lipids by means of genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, WuXi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, WuXi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shoushuai Feng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, WuXi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, WuXi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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Liu HY, Lee CH, Hsu CN, Tain YL. Maternal High-Fat Diet Controls Offspring Kidney Health and Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:2698. [PMID: 37375602 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet during gestation is critical for fetal development, and excessive intake of saturated fats during gestation and lactation is related to an increased risk of offspring kidney disease. Emerging evidence indicates that a maternal high-fat diet influences kidney health and disease of the offspring via so-called renal programming. This review summarizes preclinical research documenting the connection between a maternal high-fat diet during gestation and lactation and offspring kidney disease, as well as the molecular mechanisms behind renal programming, and early-life interventions to offset adverse programming processes. Animal models indicate that offspring kidney health can be improved via perinatal polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation, gut microbiota changes, and modulation of nutrient-sensing signals. These findings reinforce the significance of a balanced maternal diet for the kidney health of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Yun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Zhang H, Song G, Ma W, Guo M, Ling X, Yu D, Zhou W, Li L. Microencapsulation protects the biological activity of sea buckthorn seed oil. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1043879. [PMID: 36712545 PMCID: PMC9874634 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1043879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and is thus susceptible to oxidation and rancidity. Microencapsulation technology allows the effective protection of active substances, thereby prolonging the deterioration time and shelf life. Methods In this study, H. rhamnoides microcapsules were prepared using a spray-drying method, and the microencapsulation parameters were optimized. The morphological characteristics, structural parameters, and stability of the microcapsules were determined using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and oil oxidation stability testing. Results Based on encapsulation efficiency (EE, %) and the particle size (D50) of the microcapsules, the optimal preparation conditions were characterized as a wall material consisting of soy protein isolate and soybean polysaccharide (2:3), a wall concentration of 15%, a core-to-wall ratio of 1:3, and an inlet temperature of 160°C. Under these optimal conditions, the encapsulation efficiency was 95.30 ± 2.67%, with a yield of 57.03 ± 3.71% and a particle size of 7.96 ± 1.04 μm. Discussion Furthermore, the effectiveness of microencapsulation in protecting the biological activity of H. rhamnoides seed oil was confirmed by an antioxidation test. Thus, the results of this study showcase the successful microencapsulation of H. rhamnoides seed oil, thereby significantly improving its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plants Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Guanjie Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plants Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plants Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plants Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ling
- Beijing Lan Divine Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Beijing Lan Divine Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plants Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Li Li,
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Huang Y, Wang J, Yang H, Lin Z, Xu L. Causal associations between polyunsaturated fatty acids and kidney function: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:199-206. [PMID: 36789939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PUFAs were suggested to be beneficial for kidney function in observational studies. However, whether these associations are causal remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study explores the causality between PUFAs and chronic kidney disease (CKD) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with PUFAs and kidney function were obtained from the largest and most recent genome-wide association studies with sample sizes of 13,544, 13,506, 13,499, 13,527, and 13,549 for omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, DHA, LA, and other PUFAs than 18:2 (otPUFA), and 480,698 and 1,201,909 for CKD and eGFR, respectively. MR inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) were used for data analysis, supplemented with a weighted median estimator, MR-Egger regression, and multivariable MR, giving β or OR and their 95% CIs. RESULTS There was suggestive evidence that higher omega-6 fatty acids were associated with increased eGFR using MR-PRESSO [β: 0.005 log(mL/min/1.73 m2) per SD increase in omega-6 fatty acids; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.008; P = 0.008]. Higher LA level was also associated with higher eGFR [β: 0.005 log(mL/min/1.73 m2) per SD increase in LA; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.007; P = 0.0007] using MR-PRESSO. Neither association of the other PUFAs, i.e., omega-3 fatty acids, DHA, and otPUFA, with CKD or eGFR nor the association of CKD and eGFR with PUFAs was found. Similar results were found in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher omega-6 fatty acids and LA may increase eGFR levels. Although the estimated effects were relatively small, the results provide public health and research relevance, indicating the need for further longitudinal cohorts or randomized controlled trials on omega-6 fatty acids in improving kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zihong Lin
- Hezhou Research Institute of Longevity Health Science, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Kobayashi S, Kawarasaki M, Aono A, Cho J, Hashimoto T, Sato R. Renoprotective effects of docosahexaenoic acid in cats with early chronic kidney disease due to polycystic kidney disease: a pilot study. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e505-e512. [PMID: 36383208 PMCID: PMC10812349 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221136815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lipids containing n-3 fatty acids have been reported to have protective effects on renal function, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) expected to be particularly effective. However, no reports have demonstrated the renoprotective effects of DHA-enriched lipids in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to examine the renoprotective effects of DHA-enriched fish oil in cats. METHODS Five healthy cats and five cats with early non-azotaemic CKD due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD) were orally administered DHA-enriched fish oil in liquid form (250 or 500 mg/kg body weight [BW] and 250 mg/kg BW of DHA, respectively) for 28 days. Inappropriately dilute urine and markedly increased urinary N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) index were detected in cats with PKD before DHA-enriched fish oil administration. Changes in the fatty acid composition ratio in the blood of all 10 cats were assessed after orally administering 250 mg/kg of DHA. RESULTS Post-administration, no adverse clinical effects were observed, and blood and urine tests were within the reference intervals in healthy cats. Cats with PKD showed significantly decreased serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) and urinary NAG index at post-administration. Furthermore, oral administration of DHA-enriched fish oils significantly decreased the blood concentration ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) in cats with PKD post-administration. Furthermore, the concentration ratio of DHA in the blood significantly increased in both healthy cats and cats with PKD, and the DHA:AA ratio also increased. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Oral administration of DHA-enriched fish oils for 28 days significantly decreased blood AA levels and significantly increased DHA concentration and DHA:AA ratios in cats with PKD, and improved the SDMA, UPC and urinary NAG index, suggesting its potential for renoprotective effects in cats with early non-azotaemic CKD due to PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masataka Kawarasaki
- Central Research Institute, Maruha Nichiro Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayami Aono
- AIXIA Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Cho
- AIXIA Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hashimoto
- Central Research Institute, Maruha Nichiro Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Reeko Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Activation of GPR120 in podocytes ameliorates kidney fibrosis and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:252-263. [PMID: 32948825 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease worldwide. ω3-Fatty acids (ω3FAs) were found to attenuate kidney inflammation, glomerulosclerosis, and albuminuria in experimental and clinical studies of DN. As G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) was firstly identified as the receptor of ω3FAs, we here investigated the function of GPR120 in DN. We first examined the renal biopsies of DN patients, and found that GPR120 expression was negatively correlated with the progression of DN. Immunofluorescence staining analysis revealed that GPR120 protein was mainly located in the podocytes of the glomerulus. A potent and selective GPR120 agonist TUG-891 (35 mg · kg-1 · d-1, ig) was administered to db/db mice for 4 weeks. We showed that TUG-891 administration significantly improved urinary albumin excretion, protected against podocyte injury, and reduced collagen deposition in the glomerulus. In db/db mice, TUG-891 administration significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of fibronectin, collagen IV, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and IL-6, and downregulated the phosphorylation of Smad3 and STAT3 to alleviate glomerulosclerosis. Similar results were observed in high-glucose-treated MPC5 podocytes in the presence of TUG-891 (10 μM). Furthermore, we showed that TUG-891 effectively upregulated GPR120 expression, and suppressed TAK1-binding protein-1 expression as well as the phosphorylation of TAK1, IKKβ, NF-κB p65, JNK, and p38 MAPK in db/db mice and high-glucose-treated MPC5 podocytes. Knockdown of GPR120 in MPC5 podocytes caused the opposite effects of TUG-891. In summary, our results highlight that activation of GPR120 in podocytes ameliorates renal inflammation and fibrosis to protect against DN.
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Chen J, Liu H. Nutritional Indices for Assessing Fatty Acids: A Mini-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165695. [PMID: 32784511 PMCID: PMC7460856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fats are generally fatty acids that may play positive or negative roles in the prevention and treatment of diseases. In nature, fatty acids occur in the form of mixtures of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), so their nutritional and/or medicinal values must be determined. Herein, we do not consider the classic indices, such as ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, ∑PUFA, ∑n-6 PUFA, ∑n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA; instead, we summarize and review the definitions, implications, and applications of indices used in recent years, including the PUFA/SFA, index of atherogenicity (IA), the index of thrombogenicity (IT), the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH), the health-promoting index (HPI), the unsaturation index (UI), the sum of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA), fish lipid quality/flesh lipid quality (FLQ), the linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid (LA/ALA) ratio, and trans fatty acid (TFA). Of these nutritional indices, IA and IT are the most commonly used to assess the composition of fatty acids as they outline significant implications and provide clear evidence. EPA + DHA is commonly used to assess the nutritional quality of marine animal products. All indices have their advantages and disadvantages; hence, a rational choice of which to use is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-82031823
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Pei K, Gui T, Li C, Zhang Q, Feng H, Li Y, Wu J, Gai Z. Recent Progress on Lipid Intake and Chronic Kidney Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3680397. [PMID: 32382547 PMCID: PMC7196967 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3680397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with major abnormalities in circulating lipoproteins and renal lipid metabolism. This article elaborates on the mechanisms of CKD and lipid uptake abnormalities. The viewpoint we supported is that lipid abnormalities directly cause CKD, resulting in forming a vicious cycle. On the theoretical and experiment fronts, this inference has been verified by elaborately elucidating the role of lipid intake and accumulation as well as their influences on CKD. Taken together, these findings suggest that further understanding of lipid metabolism in CKD may lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Pei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Huichao Feng
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Jahani F, Erfanian Z, Moodi H, Hosseini M. The impact of long-term consumption of diets enriched with olive, cottonseed or sesame oils on kidney morphology: A stereological study. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180855. [PMID: 31141013 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, most of studies have only focused on metabolic effects of dietary oils while recent evidence proposes that they can influence kidneys structure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of long-term consumption of olive, cottonseed and sesame oils on renal morphology in rats. 70 male Wistar rats randomly assigned into seven equal groups and treated with standard diet (control), the standard diet enriched with 10% or 20% (W/W) of either olive oil (OLI10%, OLI20%), cottonseed oil (COT10%, COT20%) or sesame oil (SES10%, SES20%) for 5 months. Quantitative features of the kidney including kidney and cortex volumes and the number of glomeruli were analyzed stereologically. Moreover, kidney sections histologically were evaluated. All of the studied oils in low concentration had no devastating effects on renal morphology and also its pathological features. However, only in SES20% group, kidney volume as well as, cortical volume was higher than the control group. Besides, accumulation of carbohydrate macromolecules and renal fibrosis were markedly increased in SES20% group compared to the control. The results suggest that sesame oil, especially at high concentration, may lead to renal deformities as a result of histopathological changes such as dilatation, fibrosis, and tubular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmehdi Hassanzadeh-Taheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Av. Ghaffari, 9717853577 Birjand, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Av. Ghaffari, 9717853577 Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hassanzadeh-Taheri
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Av. Ghaffari, 9717853577 Birjand, Iran
| | - Farnaz Jahani
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Av. Ghaffari, 9717853577 Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Erfanian
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Av. Ghaffari, 9717853577 Birjand, Iran
| | - Hesam Moodi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Av. Ghaffari, 9717853577 Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Av. Ghaffari, 9717853577 Birjand, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Av. Ghaffari, 9717853577 Birjand, Iran
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12
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Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometric classification of vegetable oils based on digital image processing. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Guo F, Zhang W, Su J, Xu H, Yang H. Prediction of Drug Positioning for Quan-Du-Zhong Capsules Against Hypertensive Nephropathy Based on the Robustness of Disease Network. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:49. [PMID: 30809144 PMCID: PMC6379470 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy (HN) is a medical condition in which chronic high blood pressure causes different kidney damage, including vascular, glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. For HN patients, glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions occur in different renal structure with distinct mechanisms in the progression of renal damage. As an extraction of Eucommia ulmoides, Quan-du-zhong capsule (QDZJN) has the potential to treat HN due to antihypertensive and renal protective activities. Complicated mechanism of HN underlying various renal lesions and the “multi-component and multi-target” characteristics of QDZJN make identifying drug positioning for various renal lesions of HN complex. Here, we proposed an approach based on drug perturbation of disease network robustness, that is used to assess QDZJN positioning for various HN lesions. Topological characteristics of drug-attacked nodes in disease network were used to evaluated nodes importance to network. To evaluate drug attack on the whole disease network of various HN lesions, the robustness of disease networks before/after drug attack were assessed and compared with null models generated from random networks. We found that potential targets of QDZJN were specifically expressed in the kidneys and tended to participate in the “inflammatory response,” “regulation of blood pressure,” and “response to LPS and hypoxia,” and they were also key factors of HN. Based on network robustness assessment, QDZJN may specifically target glomeruli account to the stronger influence on glomerular network after removal of its potential targets. This prediction strategy of drug positioning is suitable for multi-component drugs based on drug perturbation of disease network robustness for two renal compartments, glomeruli and tubules. A stronger influence on the disease network of glomeruli than of tubules indicated that QDZJN may specifically target glomerular lesion of HN patients and will provide more evidence for precise clinical application of QDZJN against HN. Drug positioning approach we proposed also provides a new strategy for predicting precise clinical use of multi-target drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Su
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Cosola C, Sabatino A, di Bari I, Fiaccadori E, Gesualdo L. Nutrients, Nutraceuticals, and Xenobiotics Affecting Renal Health. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070808. [PMID: 29937486 PMCID: PMC6073437 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 8–16% of the population worldwide. In developed countries, the most important risk factors for CKD are diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, calling into question the importance of educating and acting on lifestyles and nutrition. A balanced diet and supplementation can indeed support the maintenance of a general health status, including preservation of renal function, and can help to manage and curb the main risk factors for renal damage. While the concept of protein and salt restriction in nephrology is historically acknowledged, the role of some nutrients in renal health and the importance of nutrition as a preventative measure for renal care are less known. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the demonstrated and potential actions of some selected nutrients, nutraceuticals, and xenobiotics on renal health and function. The direct and indirect effects of fiber, protein, fatty acids, curcumin, steviol glycosides, green tea, coffee, nitrates, nitrites, and alcohol on kidney health are reviewed here. In view of functional and personalized nutrition, understanding the renal and systemic effects of dietary components is essential since many chronic conditions, including CKD, are related to systemic dysfunctions such as chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Cosola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Alice Sabatino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Medical School, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ighli di Bari
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Medical School, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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