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López-Huertas E, Rubí-Villegas J, Sánchez-Moreno L, Nieto R. Olive Pomace Extract Contains Low Molecular Weight Peptides and Possesses ACE Inhibitory Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3962. [PMID: 38612773 PMCID: PMC11011677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the ACE inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of olive pomace and to understand whether they represent a good source of bioactive LMW peptides for nutritional and pharmacological applications. We produced a water extract from olive pomace (var. Picual) and obtained its low molecular weight (LMW) fraction (<3 kDa). The calculated yield of extraction was 100.2 ± 7.9 mg of LMW peptides per 100 g of olive pomace. The olive pomace LMW fraction possessed strong ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.57 ± 0.22 µg prot/mL). The LMW fraction (<3 kDa) was analysed by nanoscale liquid chromatography-Orbitrap coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and de novo sequencing. Thirty new peptides, containing between 7-17 amino acids and molecular masses ranging 778-1354 Da, were identified by the Peaks database algorithm using the available Olea europaea (cv. Farga) genome database. Ten new peptides were also identified by Peaks de novo sequencing. The protein sources of twelve peptides detected in the database by Peaks DB were identified by BLAST search. The ACE inhibitory activity of the identified peptides was predicted by BIOPEP software. We conclude that olive pomace possesses ACE inhibitory activity and contains low molecular weight peptides with (predicted) biological activity. Olive pomace may represent a good source of peptides for nutritional and pharmaceutical applications. In our study, it has been shown that olive pomace possesses ACE inhibitory activity and contains low molecular weight peptides with (predicted) biological activity. Olive pomace may represent a good source of peptides for nutritional and pharmaceutical applications. More research is needed in order to identify the in vivo effects of olive pomace bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo López-Huertas
- Group of Antioxidants and Free Radicals in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental Zaidín (EEZ), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Rubí-Villegas
- Group of Antioxidants and Free Radicals in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental Zaidín (EEZ), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez-Moreno
- Instrumental Technical Services of the Estación Experimental Zaidín (EEZ), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Nieto
- Department of Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Production, Estación Experimental Zaidín (EEZ), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), San Miguel 101, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
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2
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Grubić Kezele T, Ćurko-Cofek B. Neuroprotective Panel of Olive Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action, Anti-Demyelination, and Anti-Stroke Properties. Nutrients 2022; 14:4533. [PMID: 36364796 PMCID: PMC9654510 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases such as stroke and multiple sclerosis are associated with high morbidity and mortality, long-term disability, and social and economic burden. Therefore, they represent a major challenge for medical treatment. Numerous evidences support the beneficial effects of polyphenols from olive trees, which can alleviate or even prevent demyelination, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular diseases, and stroke. Polyphenols from olive oils, especially extra virgin olive oil, olive leaves, olive leaf extract, and from other olive tree derivatives, alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress, two major factors in demyelination. In addition, they reduce the risk of stroke due to their multiple anti-stroke effects, such as anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, and anti-thrombotic effects. In addition, olive polyphenols have beneficial effects on the plasma lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity in obese individuals. This review provides an updated version of the beneficial properties and mechanisms of action of olive polyphenols against demyelination in the prevention/mitigation of multiple sclerosis, the most common non-traumatic neurological cause of impairment in younger adults, and against cerebral insult with increasing incidence, that has already reached epidemic proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grubić Kezele
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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3
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Ibarz-Blanch N, Morales D, Calvo E, Ros-Medina L, Muguerza B, Bravo FI, Suárez M. Role of Chrononutrition in the Antihypertensive Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091920. [PMID: 35565887 PMCID: PMC9103085 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors and is considered a major public health problem. Numerous approaches have been developed to lower blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients, most of them involving pharmacological treatments. Within this context, natural bioactive compounds have emerged as a promising alternative to drugs in HTN prevention. This work reviews not only the mechanisms of BP regulation by these antihypertensive compounds, but also their efficacy depending on consumption time. Although a plethora of studies has investigated food-derived compounds, such as phenolic compounds or peptides and their impact on BP, only a few addressed the relevance of time consumption. However, it is known that BP and its main regulatory mechanisms show a 24-h oscillation. Moreover, evidence shows that phenolic compounds can interact with clock genes, which regulate the biological rhythm followed by many physiological processes. Therefore, further research might be carried out to completely elucidate the interactions along the time–nutrition–hypertension axis within the framework of chrononutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrique Calvo
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (F.I.B.); Tel.: +34-977558837 (E.C.)
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4
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Kang L, Han T, Cong H, Yu B, Shen Y. Recent research progress of biologically active peptides. Biofactors 2022; 48:575-596. [PMID: 35080058 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of molecular biology and biochemical technology, great progress has been made in the study of peptides. Peptides are easy to digest and absorb, with lowering of blood pressure and cholesterol, improving immunity, regulating hormones, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. Peptides also have physiological regulation and biological metabolism functions with applications in the fields of feed production and biomedical research. In the future, the research focus of bioactive peptides will focus on their efficient preparation and application. This article introduces a comprehensive review of the types, synthesis, functionalization, and bio-related applications of bioactive peptides. For this aim, we introduced in detail various biopeptides and then presented the production methods of bioactive peptides, such as enzymatic synthesis, microbial fermentation, chemical synthesis, and others. The applications of bioactive peptides for anticancers, immune therapy, antibacterial, and other applications have been introduced and discussed. And discussed the development prospects of biologically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Kang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Yuan H, Luo Z, Ban Z, Reiter RJ, Ma Q, Liang Z, Yang M, Li X, Li L. Bioactive peptides of plant origin: distribution, functionality, and evidence of benefits in food and health. Food Funct 2022; 13:3133-3158. [PMID: 35244644 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The multiple functions of peptides released from proteins have immense potential in food and health. In the past few decades, research interest in bioactive peptides of plant origin has surged tremendously, and new plant-derived peptides are continually discovered with advances in extraction, purification, and characterization technology. Plant-derived peptides are mainly extracted from dicot plants possessing bioactive functions, including antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and antihypertensive activities. Although the distinct functions are said to depend on the composition and structure of amino acids, the practical or industrial application of plant-derived peptides with bioactive features is still a long way off. In summary, the present review mainly focuses on the state-of-the-art extraction, separation, and analytical techniques, functional properties, mechanism of action, and clinical study of plant-derived peptides. Special emphasis has been placed on the necessity of more pre-clinical and clinical trials to authenticate the health claims of plant-derived peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemao Yuan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Ban
- School of Biological and chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
| | - Quan Ma
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ze Liang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mingyi Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Characterisation of Endogenous Peptides Present in Virgin Olive Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031712. [PMID: 35163634 PMCID: PMC8836281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The low molecular weight peptide composition of virgin olive oil (VOO) is mostly unknown. We aimed to investigate the composition of the endogenous peptides present in VOO, the protein sources from which those peptides originate and their biological activities. A water-soluble extract containing peptides was obtained from VOO. The peptides were separated by size-exclusion using fast protein liquid chromatography, and the low molecular weight fraction (1600–700 kDa) was analysed by nanoscale liquid chromatography Orbitrap coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and de novo sequencing. Nineteen new peptides were identified by Peaks database algorithm, using the available Olea europaea (cv. Farga) genome database. Eight new peptides were also identified by Peaks de novo sequencing. The protein sources of the peptides detected in the database by Peaks DB were identified by BLAST-P search. Seed storage proteins were among the most frequent sources of VOO peptides. BIOPEP software was used to predict the biological activities of peptides and to simulate (in silico) the proteolytic activity of digestive enzymes on the detected peptide sequences. A selection of synthetic peptides was obtained for investigation of their bioactivities. Peptides VCGEAFGKA, NALLCSNS, CPANGFY, CCYSVY and DCHYFL possessed strong ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant activities in vitro. Antioxidant peptides could play a role in VOO quality.
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7
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Ma K, Wang Y, Wang M, Wang Z, Wang X, Ju X, He R. Antihypertensive activity of the ACE-renin inhibitory peptide derived from Moringa oleifera protein. Food Funct 2021; 12:8994-9006. [PMID: 34382048 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf is a potential plant protein resource with high nutritional and medicinal value. The study aims to investigate the hypotensive activity and stability of MO leaf peptides. MO leaf protein was extracted and then hydrolyzed with Alcalase to produce the MO leaf protein hydrolysate (MOPH). The MOPH was separated into peptide fractions with different molecular weights by membrane ultrafiltration. The MOPH and ultrafiltration fractions were evaluated for antihypertensive activity. Inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (84.71 ± 0.07%) and renin (43.72 ± 0.02%) was significantly higher for <1 kDa peptides when compared to other fractions. Oral administration of the <1 kDa component in spontaneously hypertensive rats positively lowers the blood pressure (∼17 mmHg). The <1 kDa component was isolated and purified subsequently; the final active component was identified by mass spectrometry and amino acid sequence analysis. Two highly active ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) and renin dual inhibitory peptides Leu-Gly-Phe-Phe (LGF) and Gly-Leu-Phe-Phe (GLFF) were obtained. The two peptides exhibited a good dual inhibitory activity of ACE and renin with IC50 values of LGF (0.29 ± 0.13 mM, 1.88 ± 0.08 mM) and GLFF (0.31 ± 0.04 mM, 2.80 ± 0.08 mM). Furthermore, in vivo models, LGF and GLFF significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure (19.4 mmHg; 18.2 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (12 mmHg; 13.8 mmHg) of SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats). The peptide transmembrane transport experiments and simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiments with LGF and GLFF showed that they can resist gastrointestinal digestion in a complete form. Thus, bioactive peptides from MO leaf may possess the potential to be used for treating hypertension in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keer Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yujiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingjie Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Rong He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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8
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Cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) Seed-Derived Peptides Reduce Blood Pressure by Interacting with the Catalytic Site of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102340. [PMID: 34681387 PMCID: PMC8534856 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the effect of cocoa proteins (CP) on the blood pressure, using in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. The in silico assay showed 26 Criollo cocoa peptides with alignment in the Blast® analysis. Peptide sequences ranged from 6 to 16 amino acids, with molecular weight ranging from 560.31 to 1548.76 Da. The peptide sequences LSPGGAAV, TSVSGAGGPGAGR, and TLGNPAAAGPF showed the highest theoretical affinity with −8.6, −5.0, and −10.2 kcal/mol, for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), renin, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R), respectively. The Criollo CP hydrolysates (CPH) presented in vitro ACE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.49 mg/mL. Furthermore, the orogastric administration of 150 mg CP/kg/day in rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet (HF + CP group) showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 5% (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 7% (p < 0.001) compared with the HF group. The human equivalent dose (HED) of CP for an adult (60 kg) is 1.45 g per day. These results suggest that the consumption of CP could reduce blood pressure by blocking ACE, and could be used as an ingredient in the elaboration of antihypertensive functional foods.
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9
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Shobako N. Hypotensive peptides derived from plant proteins. Peptides 2021; 142:170573. [PMID: 34023396 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for arteriosclerosis development and is recognized as a silent killer. Certain processed food materials, digested by protease or through the use of fermentation, have shown exertion of hypotensive effects in human clinical or animal studies, and hypotensive peptides were isolated from them. This review discusses the hypotensive peptides derived from plant proteins, such as grain, soy, vegetables, and seaweeds, and their hypotensive mechanisms. Although angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition is often noted as one of the mechanisms that may exert antihypertensive effects, ACE inhibitory activity measured by in vitro studies is not associated with the actual hypotensive effect. Thus, this review only highlights the peptide hypotensive effect determined by in vivo studies. This review also discusses the tendency of the amino acid sequence of ACE-inhibitory hypotensive peptides and the possible additional effects of hypotensive peptides independent of ACE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Shobako
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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10
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Njike VY, Ayettey R, Treu JA, Doughty KN, Katz DL. Post-prandial effects of high-polyphenolic extra virgin olive oil on endothelial function in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Int J Cardiol 2021; 330:171-176. [PMID: 33548380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of olive oil on cardiovascular risk have been controversial. We compared the effects of high-polyphenolic extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and refined olive oil without polyphenols on endothelial function (EF) in adults at risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial of 20 adults (mean age 56.1 years; 10 women, 10 men) at risk for T2DM (i.e., as defined by either prediabetes or metabolic syndrome) assigned to one of two possible sequence permutations of two different single dose treatments (50 mL of high-polyphenolic EVOO or 50 mL of refined olive oil without polyphenols), with 1-week washout. Participants received their olive oils in a smoothie consisting of ½ cup frozen blueberries and 1 cup (8 oz) low-fat vanilla yogurt blended together. Primary outcome measure was EF measured as flow-mediated dilatation. Participants were evaluated before and 2 h after ingestion of their assigned olive oil treatment. RESULTS EVOO acutely improved EF as compared to refined olive oil (1.2 ± 6.5% versus -3.6 ± 3.8%; p = 0.0086). No significant effects on systolic or diastolic blood pressure were observed. CONCLUSIONS High-polyphenolic EVOO acutely enhanced EF in the study cohort, whereas refined olive oil did not. Blood pressure effects were not observed. Reports on the vascular effects of olive oil ingestion should specify the characteristics of the oil. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04025281.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Y Njike
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, United States of America; Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT (VN, RA, JT, KD, DK), United States of America.
| | - Rockiy Ayettey
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, United States of America; Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT (VN, RA, JT, KD, DK), United States of America.
| | - Judith A Treu
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, United States of America; Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT (VN, RA, JT, KD, DK), United States of America
| | - Kimberly N Doughty
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, United States of America; Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT (VN, RA, JT, KD, DK), United States of America
| | - David L Katz
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, United States of America
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11
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Ribeiro TB, Oliveira A, Campos D, Nunes J, Vicente AA, Pintado M. Simulated digestion of an olive pomace water-soluble ingredient: relationship between the bioaccessibility of compounds and their potential health benefits. Food Funct 2020; 11:2238-2254. [PMID: 32101211 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03000j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olive pomace is a semisolid by-product with great potential as a source of bioactive compounds. Using its soluble fraction, a liquid-enriched powder (LOPP) was obtained, exhibiting a rich composition in sugars, polyphenols and minerals, with potential antioxidant, antihypertensive and antidiabetic health benefits. To validate the potential of LOPP as a functional ingredient the effect of the gastrointestinal tract on its bioactive composition and bioactivities was examined. Polyphenols and minerals were the most affected compounds; however, a significant bioaccessibility of potassium and hydroxytyrosol was verified (≥57%). As a consequence, the LOPP bioactivities were only moderately affected (losses around 50%). For example, 57.82 ± 1.27% of the recovered antioxidant activity by ORAC was serum-available. From an initial α-glucosidase inhibition activity of 87.11 ± 1.04%, at least 50% of the initial potential was retained (43.82 ± 1.14%). Regarding the initial ACE inhibitory activity (91.98 ± 3.24%), after gastrointestinal tract losses, significant antihypertensive activity was retained in the serum-available fraction (43.4 ± 3.65%). The colon-available fraction also exhibited an abundant composition in phenolics and minerals. LOPP showed to be a potential functional ingredient not only with potential benefits in preventing cardiovascular diseases but also in gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia B Ribeiro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associada, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal. and Association BLC3 - Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Senhora da Conceição, 2, Lagares, 3045-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associada, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Débora Campos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associada, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Nunes
- Association BLC3 - Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Senhora da Conceição, 2, Lagares, 3045-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - António A Vicente
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associada, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Hidalgo-Mora JJ, Cortés-Sierra L, García-Pérez MÁ, Tarín JJ, Cano A. Diet to Reduce the Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Menopause. The Logic for Olive Oil. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103184. [PMID: 33081027 PMCID: PMC7603201 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of metabolic syndrome are increasing in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity, primarily due to its concomitant insulin resistance. This is particularly concerning for women, as the years around menopause are accompanied by an increase in visceral obesity, a strong determinant of insulin resistance. A fall in estrogens and increase in the androgen/estrogen ratio is attributed a determining role in this process, which has been confirmed in other physiological models, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. A healthy lifestyle, with special emphasis on nutrition, has been recommended as a first-line strategy in consensuses and guidelines. A consistent body of evidence has accumulated suggesting that the Mediterranean diet, with olive oil as a vital component, has both health benefits and acceptable adherence. Herein, we provide an updated overview of current knowledge on the benefits of olive oil most relevant to menopause-associated metabolic syndrome, including an analysis of the components with the greatest health impact, their effect on basic mechanisms of disease, and the state of the art regarding their action on the main features of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Hidalgo-Mora
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario—INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.H.-M.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - Laura Cortés-Sierra
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario—INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.H.-M.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - Miguel-Ángel García-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, and INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Tarín
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Antonio Cano
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario—INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.H.-M.); (L.C.-S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-983087
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13
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Franconi F, Campesi I, Romani A. Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women's and Men's Cardiovascular Health? Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:6719301. [PMID: 32454893 PMCID: PMC7212338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6719301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are long-lasting and slowly progressive and are the leading causes of death and disability. They include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) that are rising worldwide, with CVD being the leading cause of death in developed countries. Thus, there is a need to find new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Polyphenols seem to have cardioprotective properties; among them, polyphenols and/or minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are attracting special interest. In consideration of numerous sex differences present in CVD and DM, in this narrative review, we applied "gender glasses." Globally, it emerges that olive oil and its derivatives exert some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, modulate glucose metabolism, and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. However, as in prescription drugs, also in this case there is an important gender bias because the majority of the preclinical studies are performed on male animals, and the sex of donors of cells is not often known; thus a sex/gender bias characterizes preclinical research. There are numerous clinical studies that seem to suggest the benefits of EVOO and its derivatives in CVD; however, these studies have numerous limitations, presenting also a considerable heterogeneity across the interventions. Among limitations, one of the most relevant in the era of personalized medicine, is the non-attention versus women that are few and, also when they are enrolled, sex analysis is lacking. Therefore, in our opinion, it is time to perform more long, extensive and lessheterogeneous trials enrolling both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Laboratorio PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis), DiSIA Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratorio di Qualità Delle Merci e Affidabilità di Prodotto, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 59100 Florence, Italy
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Alcaide-Hidalgo JM, Romero M, Duarte J, López-Huertas E. Antihypertensive Effects of Virgin Olive Oil (Unfiltered) Low Molecular Weight Peptides with ACE Inhibitory Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010271. [PMID: 31968696 PMCID: PMC7019360 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The low molecular weight peptide composition of virgin olive oil (VOO) is mostly unknown. We hypothesised that unfiltered VOO could possess low molecular weight peptides with antihypertensive activity. We produced unfiltered VOO and obtained a water-soluble peptide extract from it. The peptides were separated by size-exclusion using fast protein liquid chromatography, and the low molecular weight fraction was analysed by nanoscale liquid chromatography-Orbitrap coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and de novo sequencing. We selected 23 peptide sequences containing between 6 and 9 amino acids and molecular masses ranging 698–1017 Da. Those peptides were chemically synthesised and their angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was studied in vitro. Seven peptides showed a strong activity, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) <10 µm. The antihypertensive effects of the four most active synthesised ACE inhibitor peptides were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Acute oral administration of synthetic peptides RDGGYCC and CCGNAVPQ showed antihypertensive activity in SHR. We conclude that unfiltered VOO naturally contains low molecular weight peptides with specific ACE inhibitory activity and antihypertensive effects in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan María Alcaide-Hidalgo
- Group of Antioxidants and Free Radicals in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
| | - Miguel Romero
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, CIBER-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV), 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.); (J.D.)
| | - Juan Duarte
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, CIBER-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV), 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.); (J.D.)
| | - Eduardo López-Huertas
- Group of Antioxidants and Free Radicals in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-181600 (ext. 181); Fax: +34-958-181609
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