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Aubin A, Hornero-Ramirez H, Ranaivo H, Simon C, Van Den Berghe L, Favier NF, Dussous I, Roger L, Laville M, Béra-Maillet C, Doré J, Caussy C, Nazare JA. Assessing metabolic flexibility response to a multifibre diet: a randomised-controlled trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024. [PMID: 39138876 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic flexibility (MetF), defined as the ability to switch between fat and glucose oxidation, is increasingly recognised as a critical marker for assessing responses to dietary interventions. Previously, we showed that the consumption of multifibre bread improved insulin sensitivity and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) levels in overweight and obese individuals. As a secondary objective, we aimed to explore whether our intervention could also improve MetF. METHODS In this study, 39 subjects at cardiometabolic risk participated in a double-blind, randomised, crossover trial lasting 8 weeks, repeated twice. During each phase, participants consumed either 150 g of standard bread daily or bread enriched with a mixture of seven dietary fibres. MetF response was assessed using a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT), analysing changes in respiratory quotient (∆RQ) measured using indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Although there were no significant differences in ∆RQ changes induced by dietary fibre between the two diets, these changes were positively correlated with postprandial triglyceride excursion (∆TG) at baseline. Subgroup analysis of baseline fasting and postprandial plasma metabolites was conducted to characterise MetF responders. These responders exhibited higher baseline fasting LDLc levels and greater post-MMTT ∆TG. CONCLUSION In conclusion, although dietary fibres did not directly impact MetF in this study, our findings highlight potential determinants of MetF response, warranting further investigation in dedicated future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Aubin
- Centre de Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cens, Fcrin/force Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, Inrae, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Oullins, France
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Hugo Hornero-Ramirez
- Centre de Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cens, Fcrin/force Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, Inrae, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Oullins, France
| | - Harimalala Ranaivo
- Centre de Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cens, Fcrin/force Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, Inrae, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Oullins, France
| | - Chantal Simon
- Centre de Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cens, Fcrin/force Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, Inrae, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Oullins, France
| | - Laurie Van Den Berghe
- Centre de Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cens, Fcrin/force Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, Inrae, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Oullins, France
| | - Nathalie Feugier Favier
- Centre de Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cens, Fcrin/force Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, Inrae, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Oullins, France
| | | | | | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cens, Fcrin/force Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, Inrae, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Oullins, France
| | - Christel Béra-Maillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joël Doré
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université, Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cyrielle Caussy
- Centre de Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cens, Fcrin/force Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, Inrae, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Oullins, France
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cens, Fcrin/force Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, Inrae, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Oullins, France
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O’Donovan SD, Rundle M, Thomas EL, Bell JD, Frost G, Jacobs DM, Wanders A, de Vries R, Mariman EC, van Baak MA, Sterkman L, Nieuwdorp M, Groen AK, Arts IC, van Riel NA, Afman LA. Quantifying the effect of nutritional interventions on metabolic resilience using personalized computational models. iScience 2024; 27:109362. [PMID: 38500825 PMCID: PMC10946327 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The manifestation of metabolic deteriorations that accompany overweight and obesity can differ greatly between individuals, giving rise to a highly heterogeneous population. This inter-individual variation can impede both the provision and assessment of nutritional interventions as multiple aspects of metabolic health should be considered at once. Here, we apply the Mixed Meal Model, a physiology-based computational model, to characterize an individual's metabolic health in silico. A population of 342 personalized models were generated using data for individuals with overweight and obesity from three independent intervention studies, demonstrating a strong relationship between the model-derived metric of insulin resistance (ρ = 0.67, p < 0.05) and the gold-standard hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. The model is also shown to quantify liver fat accumulation and β-cell functionality. Moreover, we show that personalized Mixed Meal Models can be used to evaluate the impact of a dietary intervention on multiple aspects of metabolic health at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna D. O’Donovan
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Eindhoven Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute (EAISI), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E. Louise Thomas
- Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, the United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, the United Kingdom
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Doris M. Jacobs
- Science & Technology, Unilever Foods Innovation Center, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Wanders
- Science & Technology, Unilever Foods Innovation Center, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan de Vries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin C.M. Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen A. van Baak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Luc Sterkman
- Caelus Pharmaceuticals, Zegveld, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja C.W. Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Natal A.W. van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Eindhoven Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute (EAISI), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia A. Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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3
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O'Donovan SD, Erdős B, Jacobs DM, Wanders AJ, Thomas EL, Bell JD, Rundle M, Frost G, Arts ICW, Afman LA, van Riel NAW. Quantifying the contribution of triglycerides to metabolic resilience through the mixed meal model. iScience 2022; 25:105206. [PMID: 36281448 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the pivotal role played by elevated circulating triglyceride levels in the pathophysiology of cardio-metabolic diseases many of the indices used to quantify metabolic health focus on deviations in glucose and insulin alone. We present the Mixed Meal Model, a computational model describing the systemic interplay between triglycerides, free fatty acids, glucose, and insulin. We show that the Mixed Meal Model can capture deviations in the post-meal excursions of plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride that are indicative of features of metabolic resilience; quantifying insulin resistance and liver fat; validated by comparison to gold-standard measures. We also demonstrate that the Mixed Meal Model is generalizable, applying it to meals with diverse macro-nutrient compositions. In this way, by coupling triglycerides to the glucose-insulin system the Mixed Meal Model provides a more holistic assessment of metabolic resilience from meal response data, quantifying pre-clinical metabolic deteriorations that drive disease development in overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna D O'Donovan
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Eindhoven Artifical Intelligence Systems Institute (EAISI), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Balázs Erdős
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Doris M Jacobs
- Unilever Global Food Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, 6708WH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne J Wanders
- Unilever Global Food Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, 6708WH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Natal A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Eindhoven Artifical Intelligence Systems Institute (EAISI), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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4
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Glaves A, Díaz-Castro F, Farías J, Ramírez-Romero R, Galgani JE, Fernández-Verdejo R. Association Between Adipose Tissue Characteristics and Metabolic Flexibility in Humans: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:744187. [PMID: 34926544 PMCID: PMC8678067 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.744187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue total amount, distribution, and phenotype influence metabolic health. This may be partially mediated by the metabolic effects that these adipose tissue characteristics exert on the nearby and distant tissues. Thus, adipose tissue may influence the capacity of cells, tissues, and the organism to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability, i.e., their metabolic flexibility (MetF). Our aim was to systematically review the evidence for an association between adipose tissue characteristics and MetF in response to metabolic challenges in human adults. We searched in PubMed (last search on September 4, 2021) for reports that measured adipose tissue characteristics (total amount, distribution, and phenotype) and MetF in response to metabolic challenges (as a change in respiratory quotient) in humans aged 18 to <65 years. Any study design was considered, and the risk of bias was assessed with a checklist for randomized and non-randomized studies. From 880 records identified, 22 remained for the analysis, 10 of them measured MetF in response to glucose plus insulin stimulation, nine in response to dietary challenges, and four in response to other challenges. Our main findings were that: (a) MetF to glucose plus insulin stimulation seems inversely associated with adipose tissue total amount, waist circumference, and visceral adipose tissue; and (b) MetF to dietary challenges does not seem associated with adipose tissue total amount or distribution. In conclusion, evidence suggests that adipose tissue may directly or indirectly influence MetF to glucose plus insulin stimulation, an effect probably explained by skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO [CRD42020167810].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Glaves
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Farías
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Romero
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose E Galgani
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Yu EA, Le NA, Stein AD. Measuring Postprandial Metabolic Flexibility to Assess Metabolic Health and Disease. J Nutr 2021; 151:3284-3291. [PMID: 34293154 PMCID: PMC8562077 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities substantially increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases, which are among the leading causes of mortality globally. Mitigating and preventing these adverse consequences remains challenging due to a limited understanding of metabolic health. Metabolic flexibility, a key tenet of metabolic health, encompasses the responsiveness of interrelated pathways to maintain energy homeostasis throughout daily physiologic challenges, such as the response to meal challenges. One critical underlying research gap concerns the measurement of postprandial metabolic flexibility, which remains incompletely understood. We concisely review the methodology for assessment of postprandial metabolic flexibility in recent human studies. We identify 3 commonalities of study design, specifically the nature of the challenge, nature of the response measured, and approach to data analysis. Primary interventions were acute short-term nutrition challenges, including single- and multiple-macronutrient tolerance tests. Postmeal challenge responses were measured via laboratory assays and instrumentation, based on a diverse set of metabolic flexibility indicators [e.g., energy expenditure (whole-body indirect calorimetry), glucose and insulin kinetics, metabolomics, transcriptomics]. Common standard approaches have been diabetes-centric with single-macronutrient challenges (oral-glucose-tolerance test) to characterize the postprandial response based on glucose and insulin metabolism; or broad measurements of energy expenditure with calculated macronutrient oxidation via indirect calorimetry. Recent methodological advances have included the use of multiple-macronutrient meal challenges that are more representative of physiologic meals consumed by free-living humans, combinatorial approaches for assays and instruments, evaluation of other metabolic flexibility indicators via precision health, systems biology, and temporal perspectives. Omics studies have identified potential novel indicators of metabolic flexibility, which provide greater granularity to prior evidence from canonical approaches. In summary, recent findings indicate the potential for an expanded understanding of postprandial metabolic flexibility, based on nonclassical measurements and methodology, which could represent novel dynamic indicators of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Yu
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ngoc-Anh Le
- Biomarker Core Laboratory, Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research (FAVER), Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System (AVAHCS), Atlanta, GA, USA
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6
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Goldenshluger A, Constantini K, Goldstein N, Shelef I, Schwarzfuchs D, Zelicha H, Yaskolka Meir A, Tsaban G, Chassidim Y, Gepner Y. Effect of Dietary Strategies on Respiratory Quotient and Its Association with Clinical Parameters and Organ Fat Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072230. [PMID: 34209600 PMCID: PMC8308467 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The relation between changes in respiratory quotient (RQ) following dietary interventions and clinical parameters and body fat pools remains unknown. In this randomized controlled trial, participants with moderate abdominal obesity or/and dyslipidemia (n = 159) were randomly assigned to a Mediterranean/low carbohydrate (MED/LC, n = 80) or a low fat (LF, n = 79) isocaloric weight loss diet and completed a metabolic assessment. Changes in RQ (measured by indirect calorimeter), adipose-tissue pools (MRI), and clinical measurements were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. An elevated RQ at baseline was significantly associated with increased visceral adipose tissue, hepatic fat, higher levels of insulin and homeostatic insulin resistance. After 6 months, body weight had decreased similarly between the diet groups (−6 ± 6 kg). However, the MED/LC diet, which greatly improved metabolic health, decreased RQ significantly more than the LF diet (−0.022 ± 0.007 vs. −0.002 ± 0.008, p = 0.005). Total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure were independently associated with RQ changes (p = 0.045). RQ was positively associated with increased superficial subcutaneous-adipose-tissue but decreased renal sinus, pancreatic, and intramuscular fats after adjusting for confounders. Fasting RQ may reflect differences in metabolic characteristics between subjects affecting their potential individual response to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Goldenshluger
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 96678, Israel; (A.G.); (K.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Keren Constantini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 96678, Israel; (A.G.); (K.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Nir Goldstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 96678, Israel; (A.G.); (K.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Radiology Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel;
| | - Dan Schwarzfuchs
- Emergency Medicine Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel;
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (H.Z.); (A.Y.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (H.Z.); (A.Y.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Gal Tsaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (H.Z.); (A.Y.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Yoash Chassidim
- Industrial and Management Department, Sapir College, Sderot 79165, Israel;
| | - Yftach Gepner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 96678, Israel; (A.G.); (K.C.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-733-804427
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Fechner E, Bilet L, Peters HPF, Schrauwen P, Mensink RP. A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2020; 150:2942-2949. [PMID: 33096554 PMCID: PMC7675027 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention focus more on dietary patterns than on single nutrients. However, randomized controlled trials using whole-diet approaches to study effects on both fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers are limited. OBJECTIVE This randomized parallel trial compared the effects of a healthy diet (HD) with those of a typical Western diet (WD) on fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers in overweight and obese adults. METHODS After a 2-wk run-in period, 40 men and women (50-70 y; BMI: 25-35 kg/m2) consumed the HD (high in fruit and vegetables, pulses, fibers, nuts, fatty fish, polyunsaturated fatty acids; low in salt and high-glycemic carbohydrates; n = 19) or the WD (less fruit, vegetables, and fibers; no nuts and fatty fish; and more saturated fatty acids and simple carbohydrates; n = 21) for 6 wk. Fasting and postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed as secondary outcome parameters during a 5-h mixed-meal challenge, and a per protocol analysis was performed using 1-factor ANCOVA or linear mixed models. RESULTS Differences in diet-induced changes are expressed relative to the HD group. Changes in fasting plasma total cholesterol (-0.57 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (-0.41 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.01), apolipoprotein B100 (-0.09 ± 0.03 g/L, P < 0.01), and apolipoprotein A1 (-0.06 ± 0.03 g/L, P = 0.05) were significantly different between the diet groups. Changes in postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (diet × time, P < 0.001) and apolipoprotein B48 (P < 0.01) differed significantly between the groups with clear improvements on the HD, although fasting triacylglycerols (-0.24 ± 0.13 mmol/L, P = 0.06) and apolipoprotein B48 (1.04 ± 0.67 mg/L, P = 0.40) did not. Significant differences between the diets were also detected in fasting systolic (-6.9 ± 3.1 mmHg, P < 0.05) and 24-h systolic (-5.0 ± 1.7 mmHg, P < 0.01) and diastolic (-3.3 ± 1.1 mmHg, P < 0.01) blood pressure. CONCLUSION A whole-diet approach targeted multiple fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers in overweight and obese adults. In fact, the postprandial measurements provided important additional information to estimate CVD risk. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02519127.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Bilet
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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8
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Tremblay-Franco M, Poupin N, Amiel A, Canlet C, Rémond D, Debrauwer L, Dardevet D, Jourdan F, Savary-Auzeloux I, Polakof S. Postprandial NMR-Based Metabolic Exchanges Reflect Impaired Phenotypic Flexibility across Splanchnic Organs in the Obese Yucatan Mini-Pig. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082442. [PMID: 32823827 PMCID: PMC7468879 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The postprandial period represents one of the most challenging phenomena in whole-body metabolism, and it can be used as a unique window to evaluate the phenotypic flexibility of an individual in response to a given meal, which can be done by measuring the resilience of the metabolome. However, this exploration of the metabolism has never been applied to the arteriovenous (AV) exploration of organs metabolism. Here, we applied an AV metabolomics strategy to evaluate the postprandial flexibility across the liver and the intestine of mini-pigs subjected to a high fat–high sucrose (HFHS) diet for 2 months. We identified for the first time a postprandial signature associated to the insulin resistance and obesity outcomes, and we showed that the splanchnic postprandial metabolome was considerably affected by the meal and the obesity condition. Most of the changes induced by obesity were observed in the exchanges across the liver, where the metabolism was reorganized to maintain whole body glucose homeostasis by routing glucose formed de novo from a large variety of substrates into glycogen. Furthermore, metabolites related to lipid handling and energy metabolism showed a blunted postprandial response in the obese animals across organs. Finally, some of our results reflect a loss of flexibility in response to the HFHS meal challenge in unsuspected metabolic pathways that must be further explored as potential new events involved in early obesity and the onset of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Poupin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
| | - Aurélien Amiel
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.R.); (D.D.); (I.S.-A.)
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.R.); (D.D.); (I.S.-A.)
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
| | - Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.R.); (D.D.); (I.S.-A.)
| | - Sergio Polakof
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.R.); (D.D.); (I.S.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-7362-4895; Fax: 33-(0)4-7362-4638
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9
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Fechner E, Op 't Eyndt C, Mulder T, Mensink RP. Diet-induced differences in estimated plasma glucose concentrations in healthy, non-diabetic adults are detected by continuous glucose monitoring-a randomized crossover trial. Nutr Res 2020; 80:36-43. [PMID: 32679434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) have been developed for diabetic patients for estimating and controlling plasma glucose changes throughout the day. However, elevated postprandial glucose concentrations may also be detrimental for non-diabetic subjects by increasing the risk of developing vascular complications and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, CGMs may also be valuable in clinical research and we hypothesized that diet-induced differences in estimated plasma glucose concentrations in healthy, non-diabetic adults could be detected by the Abbott FreeStyle Libre Pro CGM. In this single-blind randomized cross-over trial, 23 healthy but overweight or obese men and women therefore consumed two diets differing in glycemic load in randomized order for three consecutive days. Based on the CGM measurements, two-hour total areas under the curve (tAUCs) after breakfast, lunch and dinner were calculated. Additionally, postprandial glucose was measured with the CGM and in plasma during a rice meal challenge. The average tAUC was significantly lower on the low GL diet compared to the high GL diet (P < .0001). The same conclusions were drawn when tAUCs for breakfast (P < .0001), lunch (P < .0001) and dinner (P < .0001) were analyzed separately. During the rice meal challenge, significantly higher glucose responses were observed after the low GL period, as monitored by both the CGM device (P < .0001) and the plasma glucose analysis (P < .0001). The difference between the means of both methods was 0.11 mmol/L (1.78%) with a higher glucose value in plasma. The absolute mean difference was 0.66 mmol/L (10.5%). We conclude that the CGM detected diet-induced differences in estimated plasma glucose concentrations, which supports its use not only in clinical practice, but also for research purposes during dietary interventions in non-diabetic participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fechner
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cara Op 't Eyndt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Theo Mulder
- Unilever Foods Innovation Center - Hive, Bronland 14, 6708, WH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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